World journal of methodology最新文献

{"title":"Non-medicalization of medical science: Rationalization for future.","authors":"Madhukar Mittal,&nbsp;Parth Jethwani,&nbsp;Dukhabandhu Naik,&nbsp;M K Garg","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i5.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v12.i5.402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As we delve into the intricacies of human disease, millions of people continue to be diagnosed as having what are labelled as pre-conditions or sub-clinical entities and may receive treatments designed to prevent further progression to clinical disease, but with debatable impact and consequences. Endocrinology is no different, with almost every organ system and associated diseases having subclinical entities. Although the expansion of these \"grey\" pre-conditions and their treatments come with a better understanding of pathophysiologic processes, they also entail financial costs and drug adverse-effects, and lack true prevention, thus refuting the very foundation of Medicine laid by Hippocrates \"Primum non nocere\" (Latin), <i>i.e.,</i> do no harm. Subclinical hypothyroidism, prediabetes, osteopenia, and minimal autonomous cortisol excess are some of the endocrine pre-clinical conditions which do not require active pharmacological management in the vast majority. In fact, progression to clinical disease is seen in only a small minority with reversal to normality in most. Giving drugs also does not lead to true prevention by changing the course of future disease. The goal of the medical fraternity thus as a whole should be to bring this large chunk of humanity out of the hospitals towards leading a healthy lifestyle and away from the label of a medical disease condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"12 5","pages":"402-413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/04/fc/WJM-12-402.PMC9516546.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40390543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic ultrasound: An initial feasibility study.","authors":"Sheragaru Hanumanthappa Chandrashekhara,&nbsp;Krithika Rangarajan,&nbsp;Ayushi Agrawal,&nbsp;Sanjay Thulkar,&nbsp;Shivanand Gamanagatti,&nbsp;Deepak Raina,&nbsp;Subir Kumar Saha,&nbsp;Chetan Arora","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Performing ultrasound during the current pandemic time is quite challenging. To reduce the chances of cross-infection and keep healthcare workers safe, a robotic ultrasound system was developed, which can be controlled remotely. It will also pave way for broadening the reach of ultrasound in remote distant rural areas as well.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the feasibility of a robotic system in performing abdominal ultrasound and compare it with the conventional ultrasound system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 21 healthy volunteers were recruited. Ultrasound was performed in two settings, using the robotic arm and conventional hand-held procedure. Images acquired were analyzed by separate radiologists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study showed that the robotic arm model was feasible, and the results varied based on the organ imaged. The liver images showed no significant difference. For other organs, the need for repeat imaging was higher in the robotic arm, which could be attributed to the radiologist's learning curve and ability to control the haptic device. The doctor and volunteer surveys also showed significant comfort with acceptance of the technology and they expressed their desire to use it in the future.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that robotic ultrasound is feasible and is the need of the hour during the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"12 4","pages":"274-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/8d/WJM-12-274.PMC9350722.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinfection, recontamination and revaccination for SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Tamás Kullmann,&nbsp;András Drozgyik","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) describe the pandemic in waves. Similar to the ocean's waves, the frequency and amplitude of the number of new cases and the number of deaths were globally quite regular; nevertheless, they showed important regional irregularities and the direction of spread has been generally rather unpredictable for COVID-19. One of the major reasons for the repeated outbreaks is the mutating capacity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that allows the virus to infect persons who have natural immunity or have been vaccinated. Vaccination began in vast campaigns from the second year of the pandemic that was supposed to decrease the magnitude of the waves. Although it reduced the complications, the expected attenuation of the disease expansion has not yet been met. This paper provides a short overview of the most recent data on the rate of reinfection in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. It points out that testing positive for a second time for SARS-CoV-2 does not necessarily mean a reinfection; it can also be interpreted as recontamination. The symptom free outcome as well as the rapid reconversion of the polymerase chain reaction test may help to determine the difference between reinfection and recontamination. Awareness of this phenomenon may be valuable in times of human resource difficulties. The available evidence may suggest that the protective value of a prior infection could be better considered for vaccine distribution in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"12 4","pages":"258-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/83/05/WJM-12-258.PMC9350730.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain reduction and adverse effects of intravenous metoclopramide for acute migraine attack: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.","authors":"Nat Ungrungseesopon,&nbsp;Wachira Wongtanasarasin","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metoclopramide may be used to treat people suffering from acute migraine. However, no comprehensive investigation on this issue has been recorded. This review will provide more solid evidence for the use of metoclopramide in treating acute migraine.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the efficacy of intravenous metoclopramide with other therapies in migraine attack treatment in an emergency department (ED).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included randomized controlled trials of participants older than 18 years with acute migraine headaches, which included at least one arm that received intravenous (IV) metoclopramide at the ED. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Collaboration, and Reference Citation Analysis on December 31, 2021 retrieved other drugs or placebo-controlled studies without language limitation. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The primary endpoint was pain reduction at 60 min or closest to 1 h after treatment, as measured by the pain scale. Secondary endpoints included adverse effects or reactions resulting from metoclopramide or comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen trials with a total of 1661 individuals were eligible for review. The risk of bias ranged from low to intermediate. IV metoclopramide administration was not associated with higher pain reduction at 1 h (Standard mean difference [SMD] = -0.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.33-0.28, <i>P</i> = 0.87). However, metoclopramide was associated with better pain reduction than placebo (SMD = 1.04, 95%CI: 0.50-1.58, <i>P</i> = 0.0002). In addition, side effects were not significantly different between IV metoclopramide and other drugs or placebo (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.48-1.19, <i>P</i> = 0.09 and OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.31-2.74, <i>P</i> = 0.54, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metoclopramide is more effective than placebo in treating migraine in the ED. Despite the observed tendency of decreased side effects, its effectiveness compared to other regimens is poorly understood. More research on this area is needed to treat migraine in acute care settings effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"12 4","pages":"319-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/9e/WJM-12-319.PMC9350726.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33484546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issues related to post-COVID-19 syndrome.","authors":"Öner Özdemir,&nbsp;Zeynep Arslan","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019-2022 leads to a multisystem illness that results in damage to numerous organ systems. In this review, our goal was to assess current research on long-term respiratory, cardiac, neurological, digestive, rheumatological, urogenital, and dermatological system complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Bibliographic searches were conducted in December 2021 using PubMed and Google Scholar, retrospectively, covering all COVID-19 literature to determine the consequences of the disease. This review may help to determine the prospects for new studies and predict the upcoming aspects requiring assessment in post-COVID-19 syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"12 4","pages":"224-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0f/0e/WJM-12-224.PMC9350724.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telehealth has comparable outcomes to in-person diabetic foot care during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Nikolaos Kamaratos-Sevdalis,&nbsp;Alexandros Kamaratos,&nbsp;Marios Papadakis,&nbsp;Christos Tsagkaris","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed obstacles to the delivery of diabetic foot care. In response to this remote healthcare services have been deployed offering monitoring, follow-up, and referral services to patients with diabetic foot ulcers and related conditions. Although, remote diabetic foot care has been studied before the COVID-19 pandemic as an alternative to in-person care, the peculiar situation of the pandemic, which dictates that remote care would be the sole available option for healthcare practitioners and patients, necessitates an evaluation of the relevant knowledge obtained since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To perform a thorough search in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane to identify original records on the topic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify relevant peer-reviewed publications and gray literature, the authors searched PubMed-MEDLINE and Cochrane Library-Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials starting September 27 till October 31, 2021. The reference lists of the selected sources and relevant systematic reviews were also hand-searched to identify potentially relevant resources. Otherwise, the authors searched <i>Reference Citation Analysis</i> (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A number of randomized prospective studies, case series, and case reports have shown that the effectiveness of remote care is comparable to in-person care in terms of hospitalizations, amputations, and mortality. The level of satisfaction of patients' receiving this type of care was high. The cost of remote healthcare was not significantly lower than in - person care though.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is noteworthy that remote care during the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to be more effective and well - received than remote care in the past. Nevertheless, larger studies spanning over longer time intervals are necessary in order to validate these results and provide additional insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"12 4","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/54/c7/WJM-12-285.PMC9350733.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33484543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota interactions with anti-diabetic medications and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Ravi Kant, Lakshya Chandra, Vipin Verma, Priyanshu Nain, Diego Bello, Siddharth Patel, Subash Ala, Rashmi Chandra, Mc Anto Antony","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.246","DOIUrl":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi living in the gastrointestinal tract are collectively known as the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis is the imbalance in microbial composition on or inside the body relative to healthy state. Altered Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and decreased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila are the predominant gut dysbiosis associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. Pathophysiological mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis, and metabolic diseases and their complications include altered metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, interaction with gut hormones, increased gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide, bacterial translocation/Leaky gut syndrome, and endotoxin production such as lipopolysaccharides. The association between the gut microbiota and glycemic agents, however, is much less understood and is the growing focus of research and conversation. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota and anti-diabetic medications are interdependent on each other, meaning that while anti-diabetic medications alter the gut microbiota, the gut microbiota also alters the efficacy of anti-diabetic medications. With increasing evidence regarding the significance of gut microbiota, it is imperative to review the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of T2DM. This review also discusses the interaction between gut microbiota and the various medications used in the treatment of T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"12 4","pages":"246-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/88/WJM-12-246.PMC9350729.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of precancerous lesions and conditions in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Abhishek Kumbhalwar,&nbsp;Sahana Hegde Shetiya,&nbsp;Pradnya Kakodkar,&nbsp;Vini Mehta,&nbsp;Ankita Mathur,&nbsp;Priyanka Porwal","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking and chewing tobacco are associated with numerous oral mucosal lesions and conditions, often leading to cancer progression.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the prevalence of precancerous lesions and conditions among the Indian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic search was conducted for population or community-based observational epidemiological studies in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, IndMED, Google Scholar, reports of the WHO South-East Asia Region, MOHFW India reports, Science Citation Index, WHO Index Medicus of the South-East Asian Region, <i>Reference Citation Analysis</i> (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com/) and Open Grey from the earliest available up to 31^st January 2022. The effect size was calculated for the prevalence of precancerous lesions and conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred sixty-two estimates from 130 studies yielded 52 high, 71 moderate, and seven low-quality studies from 823845. Point estimate based on cross-sectional studies for leukoplakia was 4.3% (95%CI: 4.0-4.6), oral submucous fibrosis was 2.7% (95%CI: 2.5-3.0), palatal lesions in reverse smokers and nicotine palatine were 5.8% (95%CI: 4.4-7.2), and Erythroplakia was 1.2% (95%CI: 0.7-1.7), and lichen planus was 1.1% (95%CI: 0.9-1.2). Amongst hospital-based studies, the pooled prevalence for Leukoplakia was 6.7% (95%CI: 6.0-7.3), oral submucous fibrosis was 4.5% (95%CI: 4.2-4.9), lichen planus was 7.5% (95%CI: 5.3-9.6), and erythroplakia was 2.5% (95%CI: 0.4-4.5), and palatal lesions in reverse smokers and nicotine palatini were 11.5% (95%CI: 8.0-15.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Precancerous lesions and conditions are prevailing problems among the Indian population. It is mainly due to tobacco use, the smokeless form of tobacco. The meta-analysis indicates that hospital-based studies have a higher effect size of 6.7% than community-based studies. Patients who have already developed this condition may be advised to reduce their exposure to the risk factor to prevent the condition from progressing further.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"12 4","pages":"293-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e7/2c/WJM-12-293.PMC9350727.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic bilateral inguinal hernia repair: Should it be the preferred technique?","authors":"Christos Doudakmanis,&nbsp;Christina Kolla,&nbsp;Konstantinos Bouliaris,&nbsp;Matthaios Efthimiou,&nbsp;Georgios D Koukoulis","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inguinal hernias are amongst the most common conditions requiring general surgical intervention. For decades, the preferred approach was the open repair. As laparoscopy became more popular and available and more surgeons became familiarized with this modality, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair became an alternative. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic inguinal repair, with a focus on bilateral inguinal hernias. Initial reports have shown promising clinical outcomes compared to those of conventional repair of bilateral hernias. However, there are only a few studies concerning laparoscopic repair of bilateral hernias. It is yet to be proven that laparoscopy is the \"gold standard\" in the treatment of bilateral inguinal hernias. So far, the choice of an inguinal hernia repair technique has been up to each surgeon, depending on their expertise and available resources after taking into consideration each patient's needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"12 4","pages":"193-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/90/eb/WJM-12-193.PMC9350731.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33484545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we aware of radiation: A study about necessity of diagnostic X-ray exposure.","authors":"Erdal Karavas,&nbsp;Bunyamin Ece,&nbsp;Sonay Aydın,&nbsp;Mehmet Kocak,&nbsp;Zeliha Cosgun,&nbsp;Isil Esen Bostanci,&nbsp;Mecit Kantarci","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v12.i4.264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Total exposure to ionizing radiation has nearly doubled in the last two decades. This increase is primarily due to increased computed tomography (CT) exposure. Concerns have been raised about the risks associated with patients' exposure to medical imaging radiation, which can increase a person's lifetime risk of developing cancer. Preventing unnecessary examinations becomes critical at this point. To avoid unnecessary examinations, it is necessary to understand the demanding process.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To ascertain clinicians' awareness of and reasons for requesting a CT examination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed an online questionnaire that included 20 questions about clinicians' awareness of radiation safety and their reasons for requesting a CT examination, as well as demographic information such as age, gender, and year of medical practice experience. Additionally, we asked participants the number of CT scans requested in a month, the patients' questions and approaches about the imaging method, the effect of the patient's previous imaging history on the current imaging request, whether they believed that they had sufficient information about radiation doses, and whether they requested CT without an indication. We administered the questionnaire to clinicians from a variety of different professions in four different cities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 195 clinicians participated. Internal medicine specialists were the most crowded group (38/195, 19.5%). Mean age of the population was 33.66 ± 5.92 years. Mean year of experience was 9.01 ± 5.96. Mean number of requested CT scans in a month was 36.88 ± 5.86. Forty-five (23.1%) participants stated that they requested CT scans without clinical indication. The most common reasons for CT scan requests were work load, fear of malpractice, and patient demand/insistence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CT scan requests are influenced by a variety of factors, both internal and external to the doctors and patients. Raising awareness of radiation safety and reducing fear of malpractice by limiting the number of patients per physician may result in a reduction in unnecessary CT examinations and ionizing radiation exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23729,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"12 4","pages":"264-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/02/WJM-12-264.PMC9350723.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33483470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}