{"title":"Using the wizard of Oz paradigm to prototype automated vehicles: methodological challenges","authors":"A. Müller, Veronika Weinbeer, K. Bengler","doi":"10.1145/3349263.3351526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3351526","url":null,"abstract":"Wizard of Oz (WoOz) vehicles are becoming increasingly popular within the human factors research community to prototype automated vehicles in real traffic conditions. With promising results, researchers have so far used the WoOz approach, among other topics, to assess user interfaces, the effect of non-driving related tasks or the development of drowsiness during automated driving. However, a research gap exists considering standardized methodological guidelines for the implementation of WoOz studies in the context of automated driving. In an attempt to fill this gap, this paper investigates the components and their connections in tests using WoOz vehicles. It also applies the three main test quality criteria, objectivity, reliability and validity to the WoOz method. Based on this analysis, methodological challenges are discussed in detail and necessary research questions are deduced. Both challenges and research questions may serve as a thought-provoking impulse when designing WoOz studies in the future.","PeriodicalId":237150,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126665877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Burnett, Wendy Ju, Sabine Langlois, A. Riener, S. Shladover
{"title":"Novel human-machine interfaces for the management of user-vehicle transitions in automated driving","authors":"G. Burnett, Wendy Ju, Sabine Langlois, A. Riener, S. Shladover","doi":"10.1145/3349263.3349604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3349604","url":null,"abstract":"For automated vehicles operating at SAE Level 4 capability, control could feasibly be passed from machine to human and vice versa -regardless of whether minimal risk condition exists as a fallback solution. We propose two Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs) to assist in the management of these transitions: 1) A 'Responsibility Panel' providing the necessary feedback for a user to understand who must undertake different driving related activities (look, brake, throttle, steer) and who might be liable if a fault arises (user or car company); 2) A 'Readiness to Drive' testing HMI that only allows a human to retake control when a certain level of competency is demonstrated. Future work should evaluate the effectiveness of our HMIs.","PeriodicalId":237150,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130448921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing high decibel honking effect on driving behavior using VR and bio-sensors","authors":"Mayank Agrawal, K. Vemuri","doi":"10.1145/3349263.3351516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3351516","url":null,"abstract":"Honking in traffic is an auditory warning to indicate: driver's actions, alert pedestrians and to convey an emergency situation requiring right of way. Though studies have shown the importance of honking in maintaining traffic flow, there have been cases where irrational use leads to an increase in stress/irritation with effects on driver decision making. Most drivers are unaware of the adverse health effects of high decibel honking. In this report, we looked at the effects of honking on driving behavior in a lab-developed VR driving simulator and anxiety/stress as indicated by changes in skin conductance/pulse rate measured using sensors.","PeriodicalId":237150,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133416900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanessa Sauer, Alexander Mertens, S. Groß, V. Nitsch, Jens Heitland
{"title":"Comparing user requirements for automated vehicle interiors in China and Germany","authors":"Vanessa Sauer, Alexander Mertens, S. Groß, V. Nitsch, Jens Heitland","doi":"10.1145/3349263.3351316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3351316","url":null,"abstract":"Automated vehicles (AVs) are a global trend. Thus, cultural differences in user preferences to create safe, trustworthy, usable and well-being enhancing AVs are likely. To investigate cultural differences in user preferences, a cross-cultural qualitative expert survey in China and Germany with focus on the AV interior was conducted. The study results indicate that similar features of the AV interior are important to fulfill the user needs for subjective well-being, trust, safety and usability. However, the importance of the features and their exact design differ. In general, the results indicate that Chinese users will prefer an AV interior with hedonic design while German users will prefer a pragmatic design.","PeriodicalId":237150,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132788817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual reality passenger experiences","authors":"Mark Mcgill, S. Brewster","doi":"10.1145/3349263.3351330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3351330","url":null,"abstract":"Our research aims to improve passenger journeys across both public and private transport, in cars, buses, planes and trains by utilizing Mixed Reality head-mounted (e.g. visual/auditory augmented and virtual reality) displays. This paper discusses our initial motivations and formative work in this area, both for in-car VR [33, 32] and for in-flight VR [42], and outlines some of the key challenges we anticipate in enabling mixed reality passenger experiences.","PeriodicalId":237150,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129488313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zilin Song, Shuolei Wang, Weikai Kong, Xiangjun Peng, Xu Sun
{"title":"First attempt to build realistic driving scenes using video-to-video synthesis in OpenDS framework","authors":"Zilin Song, Shuolei Wang, Weikai Kong, Xiangjun Peng, Xu Sun","doi":"10.1145/3349263.3351497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3351497","url":null,"abstract":"Existing programmable simulators enable researchers to customize different driving scenarios to conduct in-lab automotive driver simulations. However, software-based simulators for cognitive research generate and maintain their scenes with the support of 3D engines, which may affect users' experiences to a certain degree since they are not sufficiently realistic. Now, a critical issue is the question of how to build scenes into real-world ones. In this paper, we introduce the first step in utilizing video-to-video synthesis, which is a deep learning approach, in OpenDS framework, which is an open-source driving simulator software, to present simulated scenes as realistically as possible. Off-line evaluations demonstrated promising results from our study, and our future work will focus on how to merge them appropriately to build a close-to-reality, real-time driving simulator.","PeriodicalId":237150,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123383508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LeadingDisplay","authors":"Y. Ishiguro, Kazuya Takeda","doi":"10.1145/3349263.3351317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3351317","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a versatile, robotic display as an interaction device for infotainment in autonomous vehicles, which is also capable of utilizing spatial information obtained by the sensors of these vehicles to designate precise locations in the surrounding environment. Our propose display can be used to indicate where the device is pointing in physical space and presents annotation information to the user on a screen. The display, which can be rotated and panned by the user or the computer, allows input or display at any angle, and can be used in various modes, such as pen or touch input, to display video or gaming content, or to designate targets or locations outside the vehicle. In this paper, we evaluate whether it is possible for users to grasp target location in the surrounding environment by changing the orientation of the display with the computer, and also evaluate whether it is possible to input direction information by rotating a display by the user.","PeriodicalId":237150,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125120032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Convey situation awareness in conditionally automated driving with a haptic seat","authors":"Marine Capallera, Peïo Barbé-Labarthe, Leonardo Angelini, Omar Abou Khaled, E. Mugellini","doi":"10.1145/3349263.3351309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3351309","url":null,"abstract":"Conditionally automated driving is rapidly evolving and one of its major issues is the reduction of the driver's attention to her/his environment. After a brief study of interactions increasing situation awareness, and more specifically haptic interactions, this paper proposes the use of vibrations in the seat. Vibrations, with the variation of their location, frequency and amplitude, allow to transmit to the driver various information such as the position of obstacles around her/his vehicle and the state of deterioration of track markings. The results of a first exploratory test are promising on the use of haptic interactions and they pave the way for future experiments.","PeriodicalId":237150,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125709631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Janssen, A. Kun, S. Brewster, L. Boyle, Duncan P. Brumby, L. Chuang
{"title":"Exploring the concept of the (future) mobile office","authors":"C. Janssen, A. Kun, S. Brewster, L. Boyle, Duncan P. Brumby, L. Chuang","doi":"10.1145/3349263.3349600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3349600","url":null,"abstract":"This video shows a concept of a future mobile office in a semi-automated vehicle that uses augmented reality. People perform non-driving tasks in current, non-automated vehicles even though that is unsafe. Moreover, even for passengers there is limited space, it is not social, and there can be motion sickness. In future cars, technology such as augmented reality might alleviate some of these issues. Our concept shows how augmented reality can project a remote conversant onto the dashboard. Thereby, the driver can keep an occasional eye on the road while the automated vehicle drives, and might experience less motion sickness. Potentially, this concept might even be used for group calls or for group activities such as karaoke, thereby creating a social setting. We also demonstrate how integration with an intelligent assistant (through speech and gesture analysis) might save the driver from having to grab a calendar to write things down, again allowing them to focus on the road.","PeriodicalId":237150,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131814583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A tactile interaction concept for in-car passenger infotainment systems","authors":"Melanie Berger, R. Bernhaupt, Bastian Pfleging","doi":"10.1145/3349263.3351914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3349263.3351914","url":null,"abstract":"Many modern cars offer in-vehicle infotainment systems to enable information and entertainment features. Often, these systems use touchscreen-based interaction concepts, which can be tedious (holding the arm) and imprecise due to the mobile context. In addition, most systems are driver-targeted and neglect the interaction by passengers. In this paper, we therefore investigate the use of an absolute indirect touch interaction concept with tactile feedback to enable passenger interaction with an infotainment system with the goal to ease screen navigation and improve user experience. Results from an experiment (N=18) reveal that this approach performs well regarding usability and user experience for both entertainment and infotainment functions.","PeriodicalId":237150,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications: Adjunct Proceedings","volume":"46 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134311092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}