Water Resources and Industry最新文献

{"title":"An online respirometer based on ammonia oxidizing biofilm for prompt toxicity analysis","authors":"Qiqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiyang Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Lu ,&nbsp;Yide He ,&nbsp;Anlin Xu ,&nbsp;Yongjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater toxicity may significantly disturb the performance of activated sludge processes, the core unit of most wastewater treatment plants, and thus needs to be monitored. The frequently used respirometer with suspended microorganisms is faced with problems of microbial stability and sensitivity. In this study, we designed an online respirometer with ammonia oxidizing biofilm growing in a fixed bed reactor. The toxicity of typical substances (thiourea, 2,4-dichlorophenol, pyridine, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr⁶⁺) was measured with the reduction and the reducing trend of their oxygen uptake rates as a key indicator. The detection limits can be down to 1.25 mg/L for thiourea and 25 mg/L for Zn²⁺ with measuring time down to 10 min. The IC₅₀ of thiourea, 2,4-dichlorophenol, pyridine, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr⁶⁺observed at 0.37 mg/L, 7.42 mg/L, 378 mg/L, 168 mg/L, 191 mg/L 733 mg/L, respectively. The toxicity values were in a good linear correlation with the traditional raspatory. Moreover, the regeneration time of biofilm after toxicity measure of 5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenol and 100 mg/L Zn²⁺ was also evaluated in range of 6–24 h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative performance of four membrane-based treatment strategies for wastewater from explosives production","authors":"Gabriela Kamińska ,&nbsp;Anna Marszałek ,&nbsp;Ewa Puszczało ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Michalski","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the performance of various configurations that involve ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), ion exchange (IonEx), and fixed-bed filtration (FBF) for the treatment of wastewater from explosive production. The experiments were performed on a laboratory-scale dead-end membrane setup and ion exchange and fixed-bed filtration units. The performance of four treatment configurations was evaluated based on physicochemical analyses (COD, TOC, Pb (II), Na, NO₃ -N, pH, conductivity) and supported by membrane permeability monitoring and ecotoxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri and Lemna minor. The UF-NF-RO system demonstrated significant removal of pollutants, with COD, TOC, Pb(II), and Na reductions of 88.6 %, 63.3 %, 99.6 % and 91.1 %, respectively. However, despite of the high retention degrees, the effluent did not meet discharge standards. The UF-RO-RO configuration, which utilized a tighter UF membrane followed by two RO stages, achieved improved pollutant removal, but remained insufficient for regulatory compliance. The UF-RO-AnEx system showed high lead and sodium removal, but in the final effluent concentration of COD, TOC, and NO₃–N were above the allowed limits. The most effective configuration, FBF-IonEx-RO, employed fixed-bed filtration with sand, halloysite clay, and activated carbon before ion exchange and RO. This approach resulted in the nearly complete removal of Pb (II) and NO₃–N while significantly reducing COD and TOC concentrations, ultimately meeting discharge standards. Membrane permeability analysis revealed that scaling due to high conductivity had a greater impact on RO fouling than organic matter. Ecotoxicity tests using <em>Lemna minor</em> and <em>Vibrio fischeri</em> confirmed that the FBF-IonEx-RO configuration produced the least toxic effluent, demonstrating its potential as an effective wastewater treatment solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of DMAc and NMP - Treatment options for membrane production","authors":"Thomas Schalk ,&nbsp;Markus Ahnert ,&nbsp;Anja Rollberg ,&nbsp;Dirk Freitag-Stechl ,&nbsp;Peter Krebs","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) are solvents that are used for the production of polysulfone-based membranes. The resulting solvent-containing wastewater is treated or disposed of externally. The associated effort can be reduced by treating the wastewater on site. Laboratory tests using moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR), two-stage vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) and anaerobic processes were conducted to select a suitable technology for this purpose.</div><div>The results showed that the solvents DMAc and NMP were well aerobically degradable. The MBBR and VFCWs achieved in average DOC removal efficiencies of 95 % and 98 %, respectively. The nitrogen contained in the solvents was completely nitrified in the VFCWs, whereas nitrification in the MBBRs was dependent on the load. The results of the anaerobic tests differed significantly. DMAc was almost completely degraded. NMP, on the other hand, was slowly degradable under anaerobic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice, wheat or dust? Water resource carrying capacity estimation by degrowth transition scenario for Fars Province, Iran","authors":"Somaieh Samimi ,&nbsp;Faraham Ahmadzadeh ,&nbsp;Mostafa Keshtkar ,&nbsp;Romina Sayahnia","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agriculture remains the dominant consumer of freshwater globally, with projected increases in demand driven by irrigation expansion. In arid regions such as Iran, this intensifies competition among agriculture, industry, and ecosystems, exacerbating water stress—as evidenced by the desiccation of Tashk-Bakhtegan wetlands in Fars Province, a key source of dust storms affecting local communities. This study employs system dynamics modeling and the Water Resource Carrying Capacity (WRCC) framework to assess four degrowth scenarios focused on rice and wheat cultivation, evaluating their effects on water consumption and economic value-added. Results show that eliminating rice production and reducing wheat cultivation by 10 %, or converting 20 % of irrigated wheat to rainfed farming, yielded only marginal improvements in the Water Resource Carrying Capacity (WRCC) index. Reaching a sustainable WRCC demands at least a 25 % reduction in agricultural water withdrawals, with an associated 13 % decline in economic output. These findings highlight a nonlinear trade-off between environmental recovery and economic loss. By benchmarking extraction levels against ecological thresholds, this modeling framework promotes adaptive and equity-centered water governance in arid regions. It also provides strategic insight for long-term agricultural and industrial planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphosphate salt and organic acid in deliming to reduce nitrogenous compounds in tannery wastewater","authors":"Md. Abul Hashem,&nbsp;Nusrat Ara Bhuyan,&nbsp;Salsabil Mumtahana Mim,&nbsp;Modinatul Maoya,&nbsp;Md. Mukimujjaman Miem,&nbsp;Sasbir Rahman Sium","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deliming is a process in leather manufacturing to remove lime from the limed pelt. In conventional deliming, nitrogenous pollutants (ammonia-nitrogen, NH₃-N, and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, TKN) are released, creating unfavorable conditions for aquatic life. In this study, a combination of pyruvic acid (PA) and polyphosphate salt (PPS) is used in deliming instead of ammonium sulfate to reduce NH₃-N and TKN in tannery wastewater. Results revealed that deliming with PA (0.5 %) + PPS (1.0 %) for 90 min showed superior reduction of TKN (86.68 %), NH₃-N (97.56 %), electrical conductivity (57.68 %), salinity (66.73 %), total dissolved solids (63.3 %), chemical oxygen demand (83.61 %), and biochemical oxygen demand (15.9 %) in the discharged wastewater. The hydroxyproline released in the experimental deliming (PA + PPS) wastewater was much lower than that of the conventional technique. The combination of PA + PPS deliming agent removed calcium to an acceptable level of chelation. The physical and organoleptic properties, shrinkage temperature, and thickness variation were comparable to the standard requirements. SEM photographs of delimed pelt and crust leather illustrated a similar fiber orientation, whereas the Pseudo-Second-Order (PSO) kinetics revealed an impressive reaction for the deliming effect compared to Pseudo-First-Order (PFO). Hence, this study provided a new pathway in leather making to reduce pollution, maintaining an environmentally friendly approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hydrocarbon and co-contaminants in groundwater and associated public health risks using electrical resistivity and hydrochemical data","authors":"Joseph Omeiza Alao ,&nbsp;Bala Balarabe ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Ayejoto ,&nbsp;Fahad Abubakar ,&nbsp;Oche J. Otorkpa ,&nbsp;Stanley U. Eze","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrocarbon plays a vital role in national and global economic development. However, the environmental impact of hydrocarbon extraction and utilization remains a challenging phenomenon, which has recorded a far worse impact on the soil, groundwater, and public health. This study applied resistivity and hydrochemical data to provide information about the distribution of potential hydrocarbon contaminants (HCCs) and co-contaminants such as heavy metals (HMs) in groundwater near a refinery and the possible associated health risks for effective environmental management and public health protection. The concentrations of HCCs and variations in electrical resistivity values were examined. The regional aquifer vulnerability to the HCCS was evaluated. Based on the study's outcomes, HCCs occur in the overburdened topsoil at depths of 0.0 m–3.5 m, with electrical resistivity values varying between 15,000 Ωm and 60,000 Ωm. These values exceeded the known subsurface resistivity values of the region as a result of the presence of HCCs. Hydrochemical data records indicate high concentrations of HCCs in groundwater ranging from 0.342 mg/L – 0.572 mg/L. The level of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in groundwater from five hand-dug wells (HDWs): HDW 1 (0.4721), HDW 2 (0.4517), HDW 3 (highest at 0.5716), HDW 4 (0.4012), and HDW 5 (lowest at 0.3421), over the Directorate of Petroleum Resources (DPR). The aquifer of the region was polluted with HMs owing to infiltrated HCCs in different range, i.e., 0.792–1.692 mg/L for zinc, 0.909–1.711 for iron, 0.711–1.612 mg/L for lead, 0.333–0.717 mg/L for chromium, and 0.038–0.081 mg/L for cadmium, and pH ranged from 5.3 to 7.1 and electrical conductivity (EC) from 0.524 to 0.777 mS/cm, corresponding to the elevated electrical resistivity contrast caused by HCCs. Data analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts of hydrocarbons and HMs, demonstrating how petrochemical industrial activities infiltrate into groundwater systems, exacerbating environmental degradation and posing serious health threats to human beings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the synthesis route of lithium adsorbent Li/Al LDHs on physicochemical properties and extraction properties","authors":"Maël Ferrand ,&nbsp;Yves Barré ,&nbsp;Alban Gossard ,&nbsp;Guillaume Munier-Gondiant ,&nbsp;Eric de Vito ,&nbsp;Hussam Aldoori ,&nbsp;Clio Bosia ,&nbsp;Agnès Grandjean","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium can be extracted from brines using a process commonly called Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) using a lithium selective adsorbent as solid support. For that purpose, Li/Al layered double hydroxide (Li/Al LDH) are efficient materials for trapping Li⁺ in the vacant octahedral sites and chloride ions in their interlayer space. This article presents two distinct synthesis routes of Li/Al LDH materials, hydrothermal and coprecipitation, their characterizations and their Li extraction properties in synthetic brine. Indeed, the synthesis route impacts the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent and hence the Li⁺ extraction performances. A link between the structural and morphological properties of the adsorbents and the extraction properties was established. The material obtained by the coprecipitation method appears more effective for extracting lithium, as it is made up of grains of small particles with a greater pore volume and a larger exchange surface. This morphological property leads directly to a fast extraction kinetics, which is an essential point for a viable DLE process. This article also shows a close link between the LiCl content in the materials and the maximum achievable extraction capacity. The two active materials studied here have in fact the same maximum capacities due to an identical LiCl content in their crystalline structure, meaning that all sorption sites can be reached under optimal extraction conditions. It is therefore crucial to understand the influence of synthesis method on the extraction performance to optimize the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrating esterquat-based surfactant wastewater via forward osmosis: A step toward reuse","authors":"Aleksandra Klimonda,&nbsp;Izabela Kowalska","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of forward osmosis (FO) for concentrating industrial wastewater obtained from the rinsing stage of esterquat-based cationic surfactant production. The raw wastewater exhibited a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) of approximately 20,000 mg O₂/L and a significant concentration of cationic surfactants (CSs) from the esterquat group (∼2500 mg/L). The FO process with 1 M NaCl reduced wastewater volume by 50 %, resulting in a twofold increase in COD and CSs. An increase in the feed solution salinity (67–612 mg Cl⁻/L) confirmed the occurrence of reverse salt flux, while total organic carbon (TOC) in the draw solution at the end of the process reached ∼200 mg/L, indicating partial organic contaminants transfer through the membrane. These results demonstrate that FO is effective for concentrating wastewater and supports circular economy strategies by enabling water reuse and reducing freshwater consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainwater harvesting in a Polish industrial park: Toxicity, treatment, and use","authors":"Martyna Grzegorzek ,&nbsp;Szymon Szymczewski ,&nbsp;Joanna Struk-Sokołowska ,&nbsp;Bartosz Kaźmierczak","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainwater quality is strongly influenced by industrial activity. Simultaneously, amid increasing water scarcity, it states a potential supplementary water resource. Therefore, monitoring its quality is essential. This is one of the first studies aiming to assess the quality of rainwater collected in an industrial area (in Lower Silesia, Poland), combined with an assessment of heavy metals (HMs) toxicity to evaluate its ecological risk. Rainwater samples were collected from five locations (drainage ditches and retention tanks). Selected physicochemical parameters (pH, electric conductivity, total suspended and dissolved solids, total phosphorus, BOD₅, and COD), ions (Ca, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, F⁻, Al, nitrogen compounds), and selected HMs (Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd) were analyzed in a certified laboratory. Ecological risk was assessed using the risk quotient (RQ) method by comparing maximum observed concentrations with literature-derived predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC). Most parameters met World Health Organization guidelines, except for Ni (up to 0.098 mg/L), and Cl- (up to 302 mg/L), suggesting possible contamination from industrial emissions. Ca was the most abundant cation (108 mg/L). Rainwater pH was rather neutral. Cu was the most prevalent heavy metal (concentrations up to 0.1 mg/L), and RQ values up to 2000, indicating high ecological risk. Cr posed the lowest ecological risk. The elevated Ni, and Cl⁻ concentrations suggest that untreated rainwater is unsuitable for direct reuse. To mitigate risks, appropriate treatment, e.g., filtration, membrane processes, or disinfection (depending on the expected outcomes), is recommended. The findings highlight the need for effective rainwater management and the environmental impact of industrial activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable-circular water resources management in the mining industry using system dynamics modeling","authors":"Elahe Irandoost ,&nbsp;Ahmad Ghorbanpour ,&nbsp;Hadi Balouei Jamkhaneh ,&nbsp;Peiman Ghasemi ,&nbsp;Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mining is seen as a water-consuming industry, whereas the number of mining industries increases, followed by the excessive consumption of groundwater. An efficient water management system, pursuing a global objective of sustainable development and circular solutions, is needed at the production process level. Hence, to separate economic development and growth from the excessive consumption of resources, the alternative Circular Economy (CE) model is recommended as a new paradigm of the economy for sustainable development. This study aims to design a dynamic model which allows the analysis of various scenarios in line with sustainable Water Consumption Management (WCM) in the mining industries, considering the components of CE. In this work, the water system of mining industries is modeled using the System Dynamics (SD) approach in a southern province of Iran, given the impact of components of the CE on water demand, industrial balance, and groundwater volume by 2041. Findings demonstrate that implementing three strategies of reduction, recovery and reuse in the mining industries of Bushehr Province through public policies encourages the use of water consumption reduction technology in the mining industry units, wherein greet growth in the number of active units, 90 % reduction in the stagnant units, 92 % reduction in water consumption per capita and 70 % reduction in the water demand of mining industries are observed. Therefore, compliance with CE principles in this industry can solve the main concerns of Water Resources Management (WRM), such as increasing water productivity, reducing water withdrawal from existing sources, and reducing per capita water consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}