Water Resources and Industry最新文献

{"title":"Removal of contaminants from liquid after the hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge using a combination of membrane techniques and struvite precipitation","authors":"Klaudia Szkadłubowicz ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Urbanowska ,&nbsp;Maciej Śliz ,&nbsp;Izabela Kalemba-Rec ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Wilk","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-processing liquid (HTCL), generated from the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge, is a highly organic by-product and one of the primary challenges of this technology. To enable its sustainable treatment, a combination of membrane techniques and nutrient recovery via struvite precipitation was applied. Accordingly, the performance of HTCL as well as the liquid resulting from the struvite precipitation (HTCLS) has been investigated in conjunction with the use of ceramic and polymeric membranes. Three types of ceramic membranes and eleven polymeric membranes were tested in consideration of permeate properties and specific membrane characteristics. In addition, the influence of struvite precipitation on the properties of the membrane and resulting permeates were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>demonstrated that permeate properties vary significantly among membrane types. Generally, for HTCL, the NPO30P membrane provided the most effective filtration, achieving a reduction of 24.4 % in NH₄⁺ and 22 % in nitrogen compounds. In the case of HTCLS, the PES 5 kDa membrane resulted in the highest contaminant reduction, for example decreasing NH₄⁺ levels by 68.8 % and nitrogen compounds by 52 %. Permeate physical and chemical characteristics, such as pH, conductivity and COD, also differed significantly between HTCL and HTCSL processes. For instance, COD values for HTCL ranged from 27390 to 12100 mg/L, while for HTCSL permeates, it was 26480 to 11210 mg/L, indicating a lower level of organic contaminants following struvite precipitation. Membrane fouling occurred more rapidly during HTCL filtration compared to HTCSL, with an increase in membrane relative permeability of 9–74 % observed for HTCLS compared to HTCL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping sewage treatment plants for wastewater reclamation and reuse in industrial parks of Peninsular Malaysia: A path towards water security","authors":"Nur Hairunnisa Rafaai ,&nbsp;Khai Ern Lee ,&nbsp;Noor Zarina Mohd Nazir ,&nbsp;Ainul Rasyidah Ab Rahim ,&nbsp;Thian Lai Goh ,&nbsp;Mazlin Mokhtar ,&nbsp;Wan Abd Rahim Wan Abdullah ,&nbsp;Huzaini Husain ,&nbsp;Raja Baharudin Raja Mamat","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid industrialisation and urbanisation in recent decades have significantly increased global wastewater generation, particularly in industrial parks. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) near these parks are crucial for promoting sustainable practices. Instead of discharging treated wastewater, reclaiming and reusing it can minimise the water footprint. However, there has been insufficient evaluation of wastewater reclamation potential within existing STPs. This study integrates the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with spatial analysis to assess the suitability of STPs for wastewater reclamation and reuse in Peninsular Malaysia's industrial parks. Factors considered include STP design capacity, wastewater quality, proximity to industries, non-domestic water tariffs and geographical features. AHP analysis assigned weights to these factors, achieving a consistency ratio of less than 0.10. The resulting suitability map categorises STPs into five levels, showing that 64 % of the land area and 40.5 % or 2922 of STPs have very low reclamation potential due to inadequate wastewater management infrastructure. In contrast, only 0.1 % of the land and 0.2 % or 17 of STPs out of approximately 7208 STPs exhibit high reclamation potential. A holistic approach is essential to evaluate multiple factors, enabling operators to identify suitable STPs for reclamation and ensuring regional water security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal care products to assess water quality changes and pollution sources in a drinking water reservoir catchment","authors":"Kinga Ślósarczyk ,&nbsp;Filip Wolny ,&nbsp;Andrzej J. Witkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aimed to identify sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the Kozłowa Góra catchment, southern Poland, and assess their temporal and spatial variability. PPCP monitoring was conducted from 2020 to 2022. Samples were taken from the Brynica River and other streams. Groundwater and the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were also sampled. The monitoring screened 109 PPCPs using the LC-MS/MS method. N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), metformin, 1-H-benzotriazole, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), carbamazepine, and 4(5)-methyl-1-H-benzotriazole were the most frequently detected substances. The highest total PPCP concentrations in surface waters reached 30790 ng/L, with up to 53 compounds detected at one point. Results indicated temporal and spatial variability, with higher concentrations and more PPCPs during winter periods and increased contamination downstream from the WWTP. DEET was the only contaminant consistently found in the shallow aquifer discharged into the Brynica, however groundwater impact on the river's water quality is negligible. The study confirmed the WWTP as the primary source of PPCPs, with the number of detected substances in effluent samples amounting to 65 and their total concentrations reaching 148265 ng/L. Additional sources included the airport, uncontrolled/illegal domestic sewage discharges, and human activities in forested areas. This study was the first in Poland to implement a PPCP monitoring approach in a drinking water reservoir catchment area using multiple monitoring points and sampling campaigns. The results revealed the constant presence of PPCPs in a moderately urbanised catchment area, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring to understand PPCP migration in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small hydropower impacts on water quality: A comparative analysis of different assessment methods","authors":"Paweł Tomczyk ,&nbsp;Michał Tymcio ,&nbsp;Alban Kuriqi ,&nbsp;José Maria Santos ,&nbsp;Mirosław Wiatkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations of physico-chemical parameters at selected small run-of-river hydropower plants along a 126 km section of the Bóbr River in southwestern Poland. The main contribution of this study lies in comparing different water quality classification methods from different regions worldwide. Our results show that the spatio-temporal changes in physico-chemical parameters in the studied section of the Bóbr River are, to a larger extent, due to anthropogenic pressures (i.e., urbanization and agriculture) unrelated to the operation of hydropower plants. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the statistical significance (p &lt; 0.05) of the results for 8 (i.e., EC, temperature, pH, DO, NO₂-N, TDS, NH₄-N, and COD) out of 16 physicochemical parameters. Hierarchical cluster analysis also showed a greater influence of factors other than hydropower plants on water quality. The average compliance with the standards based on the selected water quality classifications was 76.9%. The Polish classification proved to be the most appropriate classification for assessing the status of physico-chemical elements of the Bóbr River. The findings from this study can be used for various applications, e.g., formulating strategies for sustainable water management in hydropower plant catchment areas, planning new hydropower plants, and developing operating regulations for existing plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-waste to environmental purifier: Application of potato peel for acid red 73 adsorption from leather dyeing effluent","authors":"Fatema-Tuj Zohra ,&nbsp;Sobur Ahmed ,&nbsp;Md Zahangir Alam ,&nbsp;Md Nurnabi ,&nbsp;Nazia Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potato peel powder (PP) was prepared from kitchen wastes and explored in removal of Acid Red 73 (AR 73) dye from leather dyeing effluent. PP was characterized through FTIR, BET, SEM, XRD and EDX analysis. SEM micrographs illustrated rough and porous structure of PP that support the adsorption process. FTIR spectrum exhibited the changes caused by formation of hydrogen bonding, complex bonding, or other electrostatic interaction after dye adsorption. Wide and frail peaks in the XRD image indicated existence of amorphous carbon. BET analysis exhibited mesoporous structure of PP with average pore diameter of 85.98 Å. The impact of various influences viz. pH, dosages, concentration, time and temperature were explored through batch investigation. The maximum AR73 dye adsorption capacity of PP was 258.39 mg/g. The dye adsorption on PP complied both the Langmuir (R² = 0.989) and Freundlich (R² = 0.993) isotherm, preferably Freundlich model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² = 0.999) was fitted better, i.e. chemisorption. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was 135.34 ± 1.59 mg/g at 298 K, which was decreased to 125.34 ± 1.81, 114.27 ± 1.43, and 104.08 ± 1.53 mg/g at 308, 318 and 328 K, respectively. Negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG) revealed that adsorption of AR 73 dye on PP was spontaneous. In real sample analysis, about 98.17 ± 0.58 % dye removal was obtained with 137.39 ± 2.46 mg/g capacity. This research revealed that PP has a good prospect for the application of AR 73 dye removal from leather dyeing effluent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of changes occurring in biochar/zeolite substrates used in the vegetation-activated sludge process in the treatment of leachate from landfills","authors":"Aleksandra Wdowczyk ,&nbsp;Agata Szymańska-Pulikowska ,&nbsp;Jacek Chęcmanowski ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Kierzek ,&nbsp;Paweł Wiercik","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leachate management remains one of the key technological challenges in landfill operations. There is a growing need for methods that can effectively treat leachate directly at its source. One promising approach is the vegetation-activated sludge process (V-ASP), which integrates constructed wetlands with conventional activated sludge treatment. Given the limited research on V-ASP systems, this study explored the potential of low-cost adsorbent materials—zeolite and sunflower husk biochar—to enhance leachate treatment. The absorption properties of these materials in various V-ASP configurations were analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to better understand the mechanisms involved in pollutant removal. For most of the parameters analysed (Chemical Oxygen Demand, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrites, sulfates, chlorides, Zn, Cu, Ni), the best reductions were achieved with zeolite substrates at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 14 days. Ammonium nitrogen removal was highly efficient, maintaining rates between 99 % and 99.8 % throughout the entire experimental period. Total nitrogen removal varied, with a minimum reduction of 13.1 % and a maximum of over 74 %. FTIR spectra confirmed alterations in the functional groups and surface characteristics of zeolite and biochar, evidenced by shifts in the bands of functional groups due to absorption. These findings could help improve leachate management strategies and aid in designing treatment systems that can be deployed directly at landfill sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100280"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic leakage crisis in supply chain of battery storage materials: Water quality footprint of cobalt mining demands action","authors":"Anna C. Schomberg ,&nbsp;Wolf von Tümpling ,&nbsp;Ellen Kynast","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uncontrolled mine site leakage poses massive indirect environmental pollution, particularly when harmful substances, like arsenic, infiltrate water bodies, affecting humans. Arsenic contamination, recognized as a severe environmental catastrophe, exemplifies the water quality footprint from a Moroccan cobalt mine supplying electric car construction. Applying the water quality footprint method, we determined that 30–615 m³ of virtual dilution water per electric car would be needed to reduce arsenic pollution below natural background levels in a scenario that assumes that 49 % of the cobalt from the respective mine enters the production of battery materials aligning with recent global cobalt demand and use figures. In such a scenario, this single mine's water quality footprint would constitute up to 0.15 % of Morocco's annual water availability, concerning all electric cars produced annually with cobalt from this mine, and would take up half the annual capacity of one seawater desalination plant. While the databasis ouf our analysis is limited and uncertainties are high, our findings underscore the need to avoid problem shifting so that climate-friendly technologies can develop their potential, prompt reflection on due diligence in supply chains under German and upcoming European legislation and highlight the shared responsibility of industry, society and politics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing water dependencies and risks in Dutch industries: Distribution, consumption and future challenges","authors":"C.J. Teo ,&nbsp;J. Poinapen ,&nbsp;J.A.M.H. Hofman ,&nbsp;T. Wintgens","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examined the water dependencies and associated risks in Dutch industries by focusing on three main aspects: the geographical distribution of industrial clusters relative to water sources, water consumption and its economic value across different sectors, and future water stress scenarios with their regional implications. The study uncovered a complex relationship between industrial facility location and water use. It revealed a strong correlation between facilities and nearby water sources, with a tendency for industries to cluster around water sources, peaking at a proximity of about 0–5 km for both surface water and groundwater sources. However, it also pointed out that this relationship is influenced by several other factors including water quality, extraction rights, historical development, and competition for water resources. Additionally, the analysis underlined the importance of considering both water consumption and proximity to water sources to accurately assess dependency. It advocated a more sophisticated approach that moves beyond mere water usage per unit of output to encompass the production complexities that significantly affect water dependency in particular industries. The future projection showed baseline water stress impacts the security of water supply of industries at different magnitude. Particularly, North Brabant and Limburg stood out as particularly vulnerable. These regions hold a significant portion of the studied industrial facilities (21.7 %) and dominate the nation's mineral industry (75 %). The study acknowledged the drawbacks of depending solely on average sectoral data and stresses the urgency for proactive water management strategies. These insights laid a solid groundwork for further research and the implementation of targeted water conservation and sustainable production measures within the Dutch manufacturing sector and beyond as water management issues have global relevance. This study suggested areas for further exploration such as exploring different circular water strategies, industrial symbiosis, leveraging digital technology for optimising water management, and utilising alternative water sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100279"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of response surface methodology in optimizing MOF5@Fe3O4 catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate in the degradation of reactive black 5 dye","authors":"Nezamaddin Mengelizadeh ,&nbsp;Najmeh Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Davoud Balarak","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) were loaded onto metal-organic framework (MOF-5) as an activator for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in the decomposition of the dye reactive black 5 (RB5). Modeling and optimization of operational parameters were performed using response surface methodology coupled with central composite design (RSM-CCD). The maximum removal efficiency of RB5 was predicted under laboratory conditions, including pH of 11, catalyst dosage of 1 g/L, RB5 concentration of 10 mg/L, temperature of 50 °C, and reaction time of 60 min. High values of confidence coefficient (R²) and F-value indicated that the present model could explain most of the data and could also be used to predict efficiency within a design space. Also, the adsorption capacity was equal to 99.2 mg/g. The efficiency of the MOF-5@Fe₃O₄/PMS system in removing RB5 was higher than that of standalone systems such as adsorption and PMS. Stability tests revealed that the synthesized catalyst could be reused for six consecutive reaction cycles with a negligible decline in dye removal efficiency (&lt;4.3 %) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal (&lt;5.50 %). Trapping experiments using ethanol and tert-butyl alcohol scavengers confirmed the presence of sulfate (SO₄^•-) and hydroxyl (^•OH) radicals in dye decomposition. The removal efficiency of COD and the BOD₅/COD ratio improved with increasing catalytic time, reaching 87.93 % and 0.84, respectively, at 120 min. The LC₅₀ value of untreated and treated RB5 solutions was examined using <em>Daphnia magna</em>, and findings showed an increase in the LC₅₀ value of the treated solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and computational investigation of cold atmospheric plasma/visible-light/N-TiO2 in treatment of synthetic and real wastewaters","authors":"Mohsen Sheydaei,&nbsp;Parisa Moharramkhani,&nbsp;Baharak Ayoubi-Feiz,&nbsp;Farhad Khodabandeloo","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2024.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2024.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold atmospheric plasma and visible-light photocatalysis (CAPVP) is considered as an effective advanced oxidation process. Experimental and computational investigation of CAPVP application for treatment of synthetic and industrial wastewaters was conducted for the first time in this work. N-TiO₂ as a visible-light photocatalyst was synthesized and characterized. The CAPVP reactor was developed and its performance in synthetic (cefixime) and real wastewater (Eshtehard Industrial Zone, Iran) was investigated. The effect of catalyst dosage, discharge voltage, inlet gas, visible-light power, and electrode distance from water surface was investigated on the cefixime degradation efficiency. The combined CAPVP with catalyst dosage = 1 g L⁻¹, air flow rate = 5 L min^-1 under visible-light power of 36 W with discharge voltage = 35 kV and the electrode-water surface distance of 5 mm caused about 95 % cefixime degradation after 20 min. A three-layered feed forward back propagation artificial neural network was developed for analysis of different variables influence on the CAPVP process. Findings showed that the catalyst dosage and discharge voltage had the highest effect on the degradation among the investigated variables. Also, the comparative experiments showed that the efficiency of the CAPVP was higher than that of one stage photocatalysis and plasma processes and showed a synergistic coefficient of 3.06. Furthermore, the CAPVP was used to treat the effluent of the real industrial wastewater and the effect of the catalyst dosage and discharge voltage was investigated on treatment efficiency. The results indicated that the combined process for 240 min reduced the COD of the effluent of Eshtehard Industrial Zone up to 95 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}