Water Resources and Industry最新文献

{"title":"Eco-efficiency analysis of a continuous two-phase partitioning bioreactor treating 2,4-dichlorophenol synthetic wastewater","authors":"Sofía Estévez ,&nbsp;Domenica Mosca Angelucci ,&nbsp;María Teresa Moreira ,&nbsp;Maria Concetta Tomei","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2026.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2026.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous two-phase partitioning bioreactors are a promising solution for removing poorly biodegradable pollutants, such as phenolic compounds, from wastewater. However, their combined economic and environmental feasibility has not yet been jointly evaluated, and it is crucial to ensure a minimum incorporation of sustainability aspects during design.</div><div>For this purpose, four methodologies were employed. Standalone analyses were first conducted using Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing, followed by an integrated environmental–economic sustainability assessment. The latter consisted of an eco-efficiency approach and a qualitative evaluation based on the principles of the EU Taxonomy, which functions as a key instrument within the European sustainable legal framework. The methodologies were applied to four scenarios in which the concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenol, as targeted model phenolic compound, in the influent and the recycling ratio of the treated effluent were varied. The findings revealed that integrating recycling within the reactor resulted in a significant environmental burden across categories, with exception of ecotoxicity (with 98.2% decrease). Although the technology successfully achieved its removal objectives, the higher consumption of utilities required for proper reactor operation reduced the expected benefits. As for operating expenses, differences between scenarios were minimal due to the dominance of fixed costs, which remain constant in all cases. Comparatively, the technology aligned with performance metrics found in existing literature (around 13.7 kg CO₂eq./m³ of treated wastewater and costs above 7.62 €/m³). To enhance the competitiveness of the technology, it is essential to manage energy demands for heating and aeration and to increase process automation, thereby reducing associated labor costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of single- and multi-effect evaporators for multi-pollutant removal and energy efficiency assessment in baker's yeast wastewater","authors":"Ali Dehnavi ,&nbsp;Keivan Arastou ,&nbsp;Hamed Kashani","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater from the baker's yeast industry contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants, necessitating effective treatment to minimize environmental impact. This study examines the falling film evaporator (FFE) and forced circulation evaporator (FCE) as single-effect units, as well as their combined performance in a multi-effect evaporator (MEE). To evaluate the performance of these systems, concentration reduction (C-RE), pollution load reduction (PL-RE), and grey water footprint reduction (GWF-RE) metrics are applied. Additionally, a new energy-based indicator is introduced to measure energy consumption per unit of pollutant reduction (ECI-PL) and grey water footprint reduction (ECI-GWF), providing a broader perspective on treatment sustainability. Based on C-RE, FFE removes 98.9 % of total phosphorus (TP), 94.4 % of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), and 93.5 % of chemical oxygen demand (COD), while FCE achieves the highest total nitrogen (TN) reduction at 32.8 %. GWF-RE for TP is observed at 99.4 % in FFE, 91.5 % in FCE, and 94.2 % in MEE. Energy consumption analysis reveals that the ECI-PL for TP removal ranges from 297 to 2560 kWh/kg. Despite its high energy demand, this process effectively reduces pressure on receiving water bodies, preserving between 617 (FFE) and 631 m³ (MEE) of freshwater for every kg of TP removed. These findings demonstrate that advanced evaporator systems effectively reduce the ecological footprint of baker's yeast wastewater, enhancing environmental sustainability. The results show that FFE is the most efficient in pollutant removal while maintaining lower energy consumption; however, TN reduction remains limited in this system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytotoxicity of landfill leachate after treatment – assessment using seed germination bioassays","authors":"Aleksandra Wdowczyk ,&nbsp;Wojciech Rykała ,&nbsp;Dominika Dąbrowska ,&nbsp;Agata Szymańska-Pulikowska ,&nbsp;Vahid Nourani","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2026.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2026.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landfill leachate (LL), generated primarily by rainwater seepage through waste layers, poses a significant environmental threat owing to its complex composition. LL assessment is typically based on physicochemical analyses, which may not be sufficient for drawing reliable conclusions. Comprehensive LL characterization is crucial for monitoring the environmental impact of leachate and assessing the effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between leachate toxicity to three plant species, <em>Sinapis alba, Lepidium sativum, and Sorghum saccharatum</em>, and its physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) removal efficiency from leachate was assessed. Systems without vegetation were more effective in removing PAHs than those with vegetation, achieving a concentration reduction exceeding 90 %. The difference in PAH removal between the unvegetated and vegetated systems with biochar was greater than 60 %. The longer retention time yielded the best results in leachate treatment, including a reduction of 3- and 4-ring PAHs by 57.71 % and 26.7 %, respectively, and a stimulating effect was demonstrated regardless of the system variant used. Our results indicated that raw LL inhibited plant growth and caused high phytotoxicity (Germination Index (GI) &lt; 50 %) in all plant species analyzed. However, LL after treatment at 14-day HRT did not cause phytotoxic effects, as the GI in all cases exceeded 100 %. Clear differences in the sensitivity of individual plant species to LL were observed, with <em>L. sativum</em> being the most sensitive species under the majority of experimental conditions. These results provide additional reference data for risk assessment and leachate management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duckweed-based systems in the water-energy-food nexus: controlled environment agriculture (CEA) for industrial water reuse and nutrient recovery","authors":"Anna Jurga ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Jugowicz ,&nbsp;Monika Brandić Lipińska ,&nbsp;Tomasz Rodziewicz ,&nbsp;Bartosz Kaźmierczak","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2026.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2026.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Duckweed (<em>Lemnaceae</em>) is gaining increasing attention as a multifunctional bioresource for wastewater treatment, nutrient recovery, food, feed, and bioenergy production, as well as for closed-loop life support systems. Its rapid growth, high nutrient uptake capacity, and aquatic growth habit make it particularly suitable for integration into controlled environment agriculture (CEA) systems within the water-energy-food nexus. This review synthesizes recent advances in indoor duckweed cultivation, focusing on laboratory- and pilot-scale systems with working volumes exceeding 1 L. The aim is to identify key biological and engineering factors governing system performance and to assess the feasibility of scaling duckweed-based CEA for industrial and municipal water reuse applications. Comparative analysis of reported studies shows that short-term laboratory experiments frequently overestimate long-term productivity, with relative growth rates declining as cultivation duration and system complexity increase. System performance is strongly influenced by hydraulic design, culture depth, mat density, harvesting strategy, nutrient dosing, microbiological control, and energy input, particularly for lighting and climate regulation. Pilot-scale studies demonstrate that stable operation and realistic productivity require integrated management of biological processes and engineering subsystems rather than optimization of single parameters. Major knowledge gaps remain in long-term nutrient management, microbial stability, standardized performance metrics, and techno-economic assessment. Overall, duckweed-based CEA represents a promising but still emerging technology for sustainable water reuse and biomass valorization. Progress toward practical deployment will depend on pilot-scale validation, improved process integration, and robust evaluation of economic and safety constraints, with additional insights emerging from space life-support research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable geothermal water treatment with ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis: a life cycle assessment perspective","authors":"Michał Kaczmarczyk ,&nbsp;Barbara Tomaszewska ,&nbsp;Nalan Kabay","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal waters still represent an underutilised resource for freshwater production, yet in some cases their high mineralisation, variable temperature, and the presence of trace elements such as boron and arsenic pose significant operational and environmental challenges. Efficient treatment of these waters is essential to enable their safe reuse or discharge while maintaining the sustainability of geothermal operations. This study presents a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a pilot-scale ultrafiltration–reverse osmosis (UF–RO) system dedicated to geothermal water treatment. Environmental impacts of construction, operation, and end-of-life phases were evaluated using SimaPro 9.5.0.0 and the ReCiPe 2016 method. The novelty of this work lies in assessing a real UF–RO configuration for geothermal feedwater, thereby identifying system-specific environmental hotspots. Results show that material-related processes, particularly membrane production and disposal, dominate total impacts (≈80–85 %), followed by pump manufacture (10–15 %) and electricity use (&lt;5 %). Improving material circularity and membrane lifespan offers the highest reduction potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the synthesis route of lithium adsorbent Li/Al LDHs on physicochemical properties and extraction properties","authors":"Maël Ferrand ,&nbsp;Yves Barré ,&nbsp;Alban Gossard ,&nbsp;Guillaume Munier-Gondiant ,&nbsp;Eric de Vito ,&nbsp;Hussam Aldoori ,&nbsp;Clio Bosia ,&nbsp;Agnès Grandjean","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium can be extracted from brines using a process commonly called Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE) using a lithium selective adsorbent as solid support. For that purpose, Li/Al layered double hydroxide (Li/Al LDH) are efficient materials for trapping Li⁺ in the vacant octahedral sites and chloride ions in their interlayer space. This article presents two distinct synthesis routes of Li/Al LDH materials, hydrothermal and coprecipitation, their characterizations and their Li extraction properties in synthetic brine. Indeed, the synthesis route impacts the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent and hence the Li⁺ extraction performances. A link between the structural and morphological properties of the adsorbents and the extraction properties was established. The material obtained by the coprecipitation method appears more effective for extracting lithium, as it is made up of grains of small particles with a greater pore volume and a larger exchange surface. This morphological property leads directly to a fast extraction kinetics, which is an essential point for a viable DLE process. This article also shows a close link between the LiCl content in the materials and the maximum achievable extraction capacity. The two active materials studied here have in fact the same maximum capacities due to an identical LiCl content in their crystalline structure, meaning that all sorption sites can be reached under optimal extraction conditions. It is therefore crucial to understand the influence of synthesis method on the extraction performance to optimize the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative performance of four membrane-based treatment strategies for wastewater from explosives production","authors":"Gabriela Kamińska ,&nbsp;Anna Marszałek ,&nbsp;Ewa Puszczało ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Michalski","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the performance of various configurations that involve ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), ion exchange (IonEx), and fixed-bed filtration (FBF) for the treatment of wastewater from explosive production. The experiments were performed on a laboratory-scale dead-end membrane setup and ion exchange and fixed-bed filtration units. The performance of four treatment configurations was evaluated based on physicochemical analyses (COD, TOC, Pb (II), Na, NO₃ -N, pH, conductivity) and supported by membrane permeability monitoring and ecotoxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri and Lemna minor. The UF-NF-RO system demonstrated significant removal of pollutants, with COD, TOC, Pb(II), and Na reductions of 88.6 %, 63.3 %, 99.6 % and 91.1 %, respectively. However, despite of the high retention degrees, the effluent did not meet discharge standards. The UF-RO-RO configuration, which utilized a tighter UF membrane followed by two RO stages, achieved improved pollutant removal, but remained insufficient for regulatory compliance. The UF-RO-AnEx system showed high lead and sodium removal, but in the final effluent concentration of COD, TOC, and NO₃–N were above the allowed limits. The most effective configuration, FBF-IonEx-RO, employed fixed-bed filtration with sand, halloysite clay, and activated carbon before ion exchange and RO. This approach resulted in the nearly complete removal of Pb (II) and NO₃–N while significantly reducing COD and TOC concentrations, ultimately meeting discharge standards. Membrane permeability analysis revealed that scaling due to high conductivity had a greater impact on RO fouling than organic matter. Ecotoxicity tests using <em>Lemna minor</em> and <em>Vibrio fischeri</em> confirmed that the FBF-IonEx-RO configuration produced the least toxic effluent, demonstrating its potential as an effective wastewater treatment solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance comparison of four polymeric ultrafiltration membranes for wool scouring effluent treatment","authors":"Tuomas Sinisaari ,&nbsp;Joona Nieminen ,&nbsp;Ari Ora ,&nbsp;Mika Mänttäri ,&nbsp;Tiina Rissanen","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The water footprint of wool scouring could be reduced with membrane filtration of scouring effluent, allowing recycling of purified washing water. This study compares the performance of four commercially available polymeric ultrafiltration membranes for scouring effluent treatment. In a cross-flow system, permeate flux decreased by 30–54 % after 120 min of filtration. Chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, and colour retentions ranged from 72 to 90 %, 98–99 %, and 80–93 %, respectively. After one week exposure to scouring effluent, degradation was observed in the regenerated cellulose membrane, in which the molecular weight cut-off increased from 3.5 to 8.2 kDa. Polysulphone and regenerated cellulose had the highest fluxes, but polysulphone was prone to fouling, whereas regenerated cellulose degraded, making composite fluoropolymer membrane a competitive alternative. The results offer guidance for membrane selection and contribute to establishing a foundation for membrane-based effluent recycling in commercial wool scouring facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100333"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimization of freshwater usage in hydroponic cultivation by mixing it with desalinated geothermal water using membrane processes","authors":"Barbara Tomaszewska ,&nbsp;Magdalena Tyszer ,&nbsp;Leszek Pająk ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Kasztelewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater resources are becoming increasingly scarce due to climate change, population growth, and intensified agricultural demands, making searching for alternative water sources a pressing global issue. Research conducted using a geothermal water treatment system (a two-stage main treatment RO-RO system) identified the possibility of using treated geothermal water as a supplementary source of water resources for hydroponic cultivation. To achieve water parameters that meet the requirements for drinking water, and indicators determining the suitability of water for crop irrigation, the treatment process parameters were adjusted. It was shown that the use of the proposed system and mixing the permeate (treated geothermal water) with tap water in a 70/30 ratio enables the production of water with suitable parameters for hydroponic lettuce cultivation. The results of post-harvest analyses of lettuce leaves confirmed it. These findings demonstrate the potential for reducing freshwater consumption in hydroponic cultivation by using properly treated geothermal water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice, wheat or dust? Water resource carrying capacity estimation by degrowth transition scenario for Fars Province, Iran","authors":"Somaieh Samimi ,&nbsp;Faraham Ahmadzadeh ,&nbsp;Mostafa Keshtkar ,&nbsp;Romina Sayahnia","doi":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wri.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agriculture remains the dominant consumer of freshwater globally, with projected increases in demand driven by irrigation expansion. In arid regions such as Iran, this intensifies competition among agriculture, industry, and ecosystems, exacerbating water stress—as evidenced by the desiccation of Tashk-Bakhtegan wetlands in Fars Province, a key source of dust storms affecting local communities. This study employs system dynamics modeling and the Water Resource Carrying Capacity (WRCC) framework to assess four degrowth scenarios focused on rice and wheat cultivation, evaluating their effects on water consumption and economic value-added. Results show that eliminating rice production and reducing wheat cultivation by 10 %, or converting 20 % of irrigated wheat to rainfed farming, yielded only marginal improvements in the Water Resource Carrying Capacity (WRCC) index. Reaching a sustainable WRCC demands at least a 25 % reduction in agricultural water withdrawals, with an associated 13 % decline in economic output. These findings highlight a nonlinear trade-off between environmental recovery and economic loss. By benchmarking extraction levels against ecological thresholds, this modeling framework promotes adaptive and equity-centered water governance in arid regions. It also provides strategic insight for long-term agricultural and industrial planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23714,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Industry","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}