VirusDisease最新文献

Genetic characterization of highly immunogenic VP2 protein fragments of porcine parvovirus 1 and 3 field isolates. 猪细小病毒1和3株高免疫原性VP2蛋白片段的遗传特性

VirusDisease Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-026-00949-x

Parminder Kaur, Kalpana Singh, Dipak Deka, Yashpal Singh Malik

{"title":"Genetic characterization of highly immunogenic VP2 protein fragments of porcine parvovirus 1 and 3 field isolates.","authors":"Parminder Kaur, Kalpana Singh, Dipak Deka, Yashpal Singh Malik","doi":"10.1007/s13337-026-00949-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-026-00949-x","url":null,"abstract":"In India, despite the documented presence of porcine parvoviruses (PPV1 and PPV3), only a limited number of studies reveal the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of PPV1, with no report on PPV3 genetic analysis. The VP2 protein, which plays a pivotal role as a critical antigenic domain and encodes the structural capsid protein of PPVs, serves as the focal point in this investigation. We delved into the genetic characterization of highly immunogenic VP2 gene fragments in 84 samples for PPV1 and PPV3 isolates, which were found to have a prevalence of 14.28% and 7.14%, respectively. However, 2.38% of the samples were found co-infected with PPV1 and PPV3 isolates. VP2 gene fragment from Indian PPV1 isolates had 96.38% to 98.55% sequence identity with known PPV1 isolates. On the other hand, VP2 gene fragments from Indian PPV3 isolates had 82.45% to 84.64% sequence identities with known PPV3 isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the immunogenic VP2 gene fragments of PPV3 isolates exhibited closer genetic relatedness with Asian isolates. VP2 gene fragments of Indian PPV1 and PPV3 isolates were found under positive selection pressure, which might have helped them in survival and prevalence. Further, predicted T-cell and B-cell epitope peptides in the VP2 protein fragments of PPV1 and PPV3 could help in multi-epitope-based diagnostics and vaccine development.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-026-00949-x.","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"37 1","pages":"46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution of apple chlorotic leafspot virus and prunus necrotic ringspot virus in diverse stone fruit cultivars of North Western Himalayan region of India. 印度喜马拉雅西北部不同核果品种中苹果绿斑病病毒和李坏死环斑病毒的分布。

VirusDisease Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-026-00957-x

Sumiah Wani, Dasari Meghanath, Aflaq Hamid, Sajad Un Nabi, Mehraj D Shah

{"title":"Distribution of apple chlorotic leafspot virus and prunus necrotic ringspot virus in diverse stone fruit cultivars of North Western Himalayan region of India.","authors":"Sumiah Wani, Dasari Meghanath, Aflaq Hamid, Sajad Un Nabi, Mehraj D Shah","doi":"10.1007/s13337-026-00957-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-026-00957-x","url":null,"abstract":"Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) are among the most prevalent and commercially significant viruses infecting stone fruits. This study aimed to identify and characterize ACLSV and PNRSV infecting major stone fruit crops in Jammu & Kashmir. Extensive field surveys were conducted during the spring seasons of 2020-2022 across different stone fruit growing areas of Kashmir valley. Leaf samples exhibiting symptoms suggestive of virus infection such as shot holes, necrotic spots, chlorotic spots, severe rugose mosaic etc. were collected, along with the corresponding healthy leaf samples from the same plants. These samples were tested serologically using commercially available DAS-ELISA kits and on the basis of OD405 (optical density) values, plum samples exhibited the highest concentration of viral titer (1.986), while cherry samples had the lowest (1.002) for ACLSV and cherries had the highest PNRSV titer (0.486), while nectarine had the lowest (0.362). Further, molecular identification was done through RT-PCR assay using coat protein (CP) gene specific primers of ACLSV and PNRSV in order to re-verify ELISA results. Among the five major stone fruits, plum was found to be highly infected with ACLSV (45.0%) followed by cherry (37.5%), peach (32.5%), nectarine (27.5%), and apricot (22.5%). Overall, cherry showed the greatest PNRSV infection rate (64%), followed by plum (36%), nectarine (40%), peach (32.5%), and apricot (10%). As a result, this study confirmed stone fruit crops viz., peach, nectarine, plum, apricot and cherry from the temperate zone of J&K as natural hosts to ACLSV and PNRSV.","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"37 1","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pre-treatment drug resistance surveillance among ART- Naive HIV-1 patients in Tunisia. 突尼斯抗逆转录病毒治疗初期HIV-1患者的治疗前耐药性监测。

VirusDisease Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-026-00950-4

Ibtihel Smeti, Salma Mhalla, Ikbel Kooli, Yosr Kadri, Hajer Rhim, Ons Haddad, Amel Nabli, Nabil Abid, Mohamed Chakroun, Maha Mastouri

{"title":"Pre-treatment drug resistance surveillance among ART- Naive HIV-1 patients in Tunisia.","authors":"Ibtihel Smeti, Salma Mhalla, Ikbel Kooli, Yosr Kadri, Hajer Rhim, Ons Haddad, Amel Nabli, Nabil Abid, Mohamed Chakroun, Maha Mastouri","doi":"10.1007/s13337-026-00950-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-026-00950-4","url":null,"abstract":"Drug resistance to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a major factor in treatment failure. Resistance monitoring is recommended before initiating ART. However, in Tunisia, the pre-treatment resistance related data are missing. This study aimed to investigate the HIV-1 pre-treatment drug resistance in Tunisia. Viral RNAs were extracted from the plasma samples of 77 ART-naïve patients and used for the sequencing of Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and Protease (PR) regions. 12.9% of variants were shown to have at least one Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutations (SDRM) in RT/PR region. K103N is the most involved SDRM-inducing resistance to NNRTIs (efavirenz, nevirapine, and rilpivirine). In the PR gene, resistance was found in four samples on 46 and 85 codons, affecting the sensitivity for Atazanavir and Lopinavir drugs. The subtying revealed the predominance of the CRF02_AG, followed by the subtype B. This study provides the first baseline information for pre-treatment drug resistance surveillance of HIV-1 variants in Tunisia, which may impede patient management.","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"37 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging evidences in the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for Zika virus infection. 寨卡病毒感染的发病机制和治疗干预的新证据。

VirusDisease Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-026-00953-1

Dhrubajyoti Sen, Ramnika Sharma, Anush Tomar, Sweta Bawari

{"title":"Emerging evidences in the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for Zika virus infection.","authors":"Dhrubajyoti Sen, Ramnika Sharma, Anush Tomar, Sweta Bawari","doi":"10.1007/s13337-026-00953-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-026-00953-1","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus has been an important cause of neurovirulence in humans. It is a global health concern due to its association with the Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and congenital birth defects in neonates. Despite its re-emergence in the outbreaks of 2015-16, there is no approved drug for the treatment of Zika virus infection till date making it a subject of immediate attention and intervention. Both recent and earlier efforts in drug repurposing and viral vaccine development seem to offer a favourable roadmap to mitigate Zika virus infections. Promising molecules under investigation commonly target viral proteins, protein precursors, and complexes, and interfere with host pathways involving cellular kinases, glucose transporter and NMDA receptors. Repositioned drug candidates like niclosamide, favipiravir, and chloroquine exhibit promising antiviral potential. In parallel, anti-ZIKV vaccines like VRC-ZKADNA090-00-VP, AGS-v, and mRNA-1325 have progressed to early-phases of clinical trials achieving acceptable safety and immunogenic profiles. CRISPR-Cas13b based genome editing have also been successfully demonstrated to cleave Zika virus ssRNA in infected cells. Present review elucidates the pathogenesis of Zika virus infection, and provides an in-depth overview of the current strategies and research aimed at targeting host and viral factors to avail successful therapeutic outcomes. Review also underscores the importance of safety evaluation of the developmental drugs in pregnancy owing to the strong association of ZIKV and fetal birth defects.Graphical abstract: ","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of chili leaf curl Vellanad virus with tomato leaf curl Joydebpur betasatellite in chili from Kerala, India. 印度喀拉拉邦辣椒卷叶病毒与番茄卷叶病毒的关系。

VirusDisease Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-026-00954-0

Irfan Nizar, Sunil Kumar, Supriya Chakraborty

{"title":"Association of chili leaf curl Vellanad virus with tomato leaf curl Joydebpur betasatellite in chili from Kerala, India.","authors":"Irfan Nizar, Sunil Kumar, Supriya Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s13337-026-00954-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-026-00954-0","url":null,"abstract":"Plant viruses are major constraints to chili (Capsicum annuum L.) production, with chili leaf curl disease (ChiLCD) representing one of the most destructive viral diseases in South and Southeast Asia. ChiLCD is primarily caused by begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) and their associated betasatellites, whose evolution is strongly shaped by recombination and mixed infections. In this study, chili plants exhibiting typical leaf curl symptoms were collected from the Kottayam district of Kerala, India, and subjected to detailed molecular characterization. Rolling circle amplification (RCA), cloning, and sequencing revealed the presence of chili leaf curl Vellanad virus (ChiLCVeV) in association with tomato leaf curl Joydebpur betasatellite (ToLCJoB). Comprehensive sequence analysis confirmed conserved geminiviral features, while phylogenetic reconstruction validated the taxonomic placement of both components. Importantly, recombination analyses identified multiple recombinant regions in both ChiLCVeV and ToLCJoB, indicating independent and dynamic evolutionary histories of the helper virus and its associated satellite. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of a natural association between ChiLCVeV and ToLCJoB, and demonstrates that recombination-driven evolution contributes to the emergence of novel begomovirus-betasatellite complexes infecting chili. These findings highlight the role of recombination in shaping begomovirus diversity and underscore the potential of such recombinant complexes to drive disease emergence and spread in chili-growing regions of India.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-026-00954-0.","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"37 1","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of potato spindle tuber viroid from dahlia bulbs imported from Canada and its sequence characteristics. 加拿大进口大丽花鳞茎中马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒的检测及其序列特征。

VirusDisease Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-026-00951-3

Kiyoaki Maeda, Masaki Asai, Takayuki Matsuura, Hironobu Yanagisawa

{"title":"Detection of potato spindle tuber viroid from dahlia bulbs imported from Canada and its sequence characteristics.","authors":"Kiyoaki Maeda, Masaki Asai, Takayuki Matsuura, Hironobu Yanagisawa","doi":"10.1007/s13337-026-00951-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-026-00951-3","url":null,"abstract":"Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd; genus Pospiviroid) was detected in dahlia (Dahlia sp.) bulbs imported from Canada during post-entry quarantine inspection. Complete genome sequencing identified three PSTVd variants, all of which were identical to variants previously reported from dahlias in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these PSTVd isolates clustered within a clade containing Japanese dahlia-derived PSTVd variants and were distinct from PSTVd variants previously isolated from potato in Canada. Comparative sequence analysis revealed that the identified variants shared nucleotide substitutions C42U, 63U64, and G201U that have been associated with mild pathogenicity. Tomato plants (cultivar Rutgers) inoculated with the Canadian dahlia-derived PSTVd isolates developed mild symptoms. Similarly, inoculated potato plants (cultivar Dansyakuimo) showed no obvious aboveground symptoms, whereas harvested tubers exhibited mild symptoms, including deformation and eye prominence. These findings provide evidence that PSTVd is present in dahlia tubers imported from Canada and suggest that the detected variants share a common origin with previously reported Japanese dahlia-derived PSTVd isolates.","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"37 1","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field surveys and diversity analysis of papaya ringspot virus in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, India, based on the coat protein gene. 基于外壳蛋白基因的印度泰伦甘纳和安得拉邦番木瓜环斑病毒野外调查及多样性分析。

VirusDisease Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-026-00955-z

Prodosh Gupta, Swati Verma, Gopinath Kodetham

{"title":"Field surveys and diversity analysis of papaya ringspot virus in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, India, based on the coat protein gene.","authors":"Prodosh Gupta, Swati Verma, Gopinath Kodetham","doi":"10.1007/s13337-026-00955-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-026-00955-z","url":null,"abstract":"The most significant threat to the global papaya (Carica papaya L.) plantations is the destructive papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). In this study, we carried out comprehensive field surveys in two major papaya-producing states (Telangana and Andhra Pradesh) in India to evaluate the severity of the disease, followed by an analysis of the PRSV population in these areas based on variations in the viral coat protein gene. The coat protein gene sequences of 103 PRSV isolates were determined and compared with global PRSV isolates to identify notable sequence differences and patterns of phylogenetic clustering. The nucleotide sequence identity among the PRSV isolates from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh ranged between 84.1% and 99.8%, while a sequence identity of 85% to 90% was observed among global PRSV isolates. The findings from the phylogenetic analysis indicated two separate groups that did not fully represent the geographical origins of the individual isolates. Molecular recombination events were infrequent among the Indian PRSV isolates.. Our results indicate that natural selection may have played a role in the evolution of isolates belonging to different PRSV phylogroups, with minimal genetic exchanges and restricted genetic flow. This research will serve as a foundation for assessing the epidemiological characteristics of PRSV in India and for developing long-term, sustainable management strategies.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-026-00955-z.","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"37 1","pages":"64-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First report on the molecular detection and genetic characterisation of pigeon circovirus in Kerala, India. 印度喀拉拉邦鸽子圆环病毒分子检测和遗传特征的首次报告。

VirusDisease Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-026-00948-y

P Santhanalakshmi, P M Priya, B K Mani, R Ambily, V Niranjana, S Pramod, R Anoopraj

{"title":"First report on the molecular detection and genetic characterisation of pigeon circovirus in Kerala, India.","authors":"P Santhanalakshmi, P M Priya, B K Mani, R Ambily, V Niranjana, S Pramod, R Anoopraj","doi":"10.1007/s13337-026-00948-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-026-00948-y","url":null,"abstract":"Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) is a significant immunosuppressive pathogen associated with Young Pigeon Disease Syndrome (YPDS), causing economic losses in pigeon farming. Although PiCV has been widely reported globally, molecular data from southern India are lacking. This study presents the first molecular detection and genetic characterisation of PiCV in pigeons from Kerala. A total of 75 clinical samples including tissues, cloacal swabs and feathers were collected from 27 pigeons showing YPDS-like symptoms. PCR targeting the capsid gene detected PiCV in four samples (5.3%), all from dead birds. Sensitivity analysis revealed that conventional PCR could reliably detect PiCV DNA at concentrations as low as 44 fg/µL, demonstrating diagnostic significance. Histopathological examination of positive tissues revealed lymphoid depletion, basophilic botryoid intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and inflammatory infiltration, consistent with PiCV's immunosuppressive effects. Sequencing revealed high nucleotide identity among the four field samples (94.63-99.98%), with PiCV samples 2 and 3 nearly identical (99.98%). Comparative analysis with 35 GenBank reference sequences showed that samples 1 to 3 were most similar to a Taiwanese strain (KU593626.1) with 96.33-97.05% identity, while PiCV- 4 was closest to a Polish strain (KC691686.1) at 95.73% identity. Phylogenetic analysis showed all four positive samples from Kerala clustered with global PiCV strains with PiCV- 4 branching earlier, indicating greater genetic divergence among the four field samples. The genetic similarity between local and international strains suggests possible transboundary introduction via pigeon trade, racing or migration. These findings highlight the need for routine molecular surveillance, biosecurity measures and further research into PiCV epidemiology in India to mitigate disease impact in the growing pigeon sector.","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"37 1","pages":"38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13096350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The vascular pathology in Japanese Encephalitis. 日本脑炎的血管病理。

VirusDisease Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-026-00956-y

Preksha Jain, Atanu Basu

引用次数: 0

Diversity of porcine circovirus 2 genotypes: insights from the studies reported worldwide in the past decade. 猪圆环病毒2型基因型的多样性：来自过去十年全球报告的研究的见解

VirusDisease Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-025-00947-5

Ruchi R Malwade, K M Priyadharshini, Sangita Venkataraman, Christophert Oluwole Akakpo, Madhuri Subbiah

{"title":"Diversity of porcine circovirus 2 genotypes: insights from the studies reported worldwide in the past decade.","authors":"Ruchi R Malwade, K M Priyadharshini, Sangita Venkataraman, Christophert Oluwole Akakpo, Madhuri Subbiah","doi":"10.1007/s13337-025-00947-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-025-00947-5","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) remains a globally important swine pathogen, and its genetic diversity is central to understanding disease dynamics and control. We estimated a pooled prevalence of 42% (95% CI: 33-52%) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of 53 studies reporting sequencing data (n = 26,200; PCV2-positive = 11,339) published across 18 countries between 2012 and 2022. The most common genotype was PCV2d (57%), which was followed by PCV2b (33%), and PCV2a (11%). This indicates a distinct global shift in genotype from PCV2b dominance in 2013 to PCV2d predominance starting in 2014. Despite having the largest dataset, China ranked fourth (55%) and Russia had the highest prevalence (97%) indicating clear regional differences. These results imply PCV2's rapid genotype evolution and regional heterogeneity, underscoring the need for effective vaccines, genotype-specific diagnostics for continuous genomic surveillance to guide global control measures. We believe that close monitoring of evolving genotypes would enable making evidence-based decisions related to pig health management which in turn can lead to effective global control of PCV2-associated diseases.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-025-00947-5.","PeriodicalId":23708,"journal":{"name":"VirusDisease","volume":"36 4","pages":"533-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145805707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0