World journal of microbiology & biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing chlorella minutissima biofuel and bioproduct potential: chelated trace elements and sustainable metal recovery.","authors":"Monika Saini, Nadeem Nazurally","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04555-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04555-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High cultivation costs (~$0.30 L⁻¹) and inconsistent yields (1.5-2.5 g L⁻¹) limit microalgal biofuel scalability, necessitating optimized nutrient delivery and cost-effective resource recycling. This study evaluated iron, zinc, and manganese in chelated (Fe-EDTA, Zn-gluconate, Mn-citrate) versus inorganic (FeCl₃, ZnSO₄, MnCl₂) forms at 1.0 mg L⁻¹ to enhance Chlorella minutissima biomass and lipid productivity. Compared to the control (BG-11 without Fe, Zn, Mn; biomass content: 2.10 ± 0.03 g L⁻¹, Lipid content: 38.0 ± 1.2% w/w), Fe-EDTA increased biomass content by 50% (3.15 ± 0.05 g L⁻¹, p < 0.001) and Lipid content by 42% (54.0 ± 1.0% w/w, p < 0.001), achieving 121 ± 5 mg L⁻¹ day⁻¹ lipid productivity. Zn-gluconate and Mn-citrate yielded comparable gains (2.85-3.00 g L⁻¹, 48-50% w/w, p < 0.01). Elevated monounsaturated fatty acids (30.5% C18:1) improved biodiesel quality (cetane number ~ 58). This study's novel approach of using chelated trace elements and biochar-electrocoagulation recovered 85% Fe, 75% Zn, and 70% Mn, reducing costs by 35% ($0.05-$0.10 L⁻¹). This integrated approach-chelation for metabolic efficiency and recycling for sustainability-advances scalable biofuel production and supports bioproduct development (e.g., pigments). Pilot-scale trials are needed to validate cost savings and industrial applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 10","pages":"341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards standardized microbial hydrogen consumption testing in the subsurface: harmonized field sampling and enrichment approaches.","authors":"Kateřina Černá, Kristýna Fadrhonc, Jakub Říha, Petra Bombach, Sylvain Stephant, Caroline Michel, Laura Fablet, Joachim Tremosa, Kyle Mayers, Biwen Annie An-Stepec, Nicole Dopffel","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04542-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04542-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen (H₂) will play a crucial role in Europe's green energy transition, necessitating efficient storage solutions such as underground storage in salt caverns or porous media. However, the potential microbial H₂ consumption in these subsurface environments poses risks to storage stability and safety, and its magnitude remains relatively unexplored. Within the HyLife-CETP project, we developed a brine sampling protocol for the field operators and tested a standardized laboratory procedure for estimating microbial hydrogen consumption rates in these original brine samples, combining precise gas, chemical, and genetic analyses. Four labs tested and compared the developed enrichment protocol in a round-robin-like test using artificial brine and the hydrogen-consuming, sulfate-reducer Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis as a reference strain. This test revealed consistent trends in microbial hydrogen consumption and corresponding pH increase across labs, indicating that the developed protocol effectively captures the overall microbial activity. However, inter-laboratory variability in the reported H₂ consumption quantity, ranging from 19.8 to 61%, highlights how metabolic activity, analytical approaches, and sample handling variations can affect results. Most importantly, abiotic hydrogen loss, particularly leakage from experimental bottles, was identified as a significant factor affecting accurate hydrogen consumption estimation, and we tested different measures to reduce abiotic losses. Our developed protocol effectively detected microbial hydrogen consumption and identified associated metabolic processes, supporting its robustness for studying microbial activity in underground storage systems. In addition, the findings underscore the natural biological variability inherent to growth tests, particularly in hydrogen-utilizing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 10","pages":"342"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12464130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating drought stress in wheat: growth promotion and physiological adaptations induced by root endophytic bacteria isolated from hot and cold arid desert agroecosystems of India.","authors":"Udita Pushpad, Pushpendra Sharma, Minakshi Grover, Rajeev Kaushik","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04559-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04559-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress reduces wheat productivity, and forecasts indicate significant declines in cereal yields. This study investigated root-endophytic bacteria from Indian hot and cold arid deserts to enhance drought tolerance in wheat plants. Of the 196 isolates, 60 endorhizospheric bacteria, mainly Pseudomonas, Exiguobacterium, and Sphingobacterium species, showed superior desiccation tolerance and plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits compared to non-rhizospheric isolates. The top 20 isolates enhanced wheat seed germination and seedling vigor, particularly in a drought-tolerant cultivar. Testing of five promising isolates (Pseudomonas rhodesiae BT3, Sphingobacterium faecium BT22, Advenella kashmirensis BL7, Exiguobacterium undae WL15, and Pseudomonas gessardii WL73) under different water potentials revealed their adaptive PGP strategies. P. rhodesiae BT3 produced high levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), promoted proline accumulation, and supported nitrogen fixation. E. undae WL15 excelled in exopolysaccharide production and maintained phosphate solubilization under severe stress. Inoculation of drought-stressed wheat with these isolates improved the plant performance metrics. E. undae WL15 and P. rhodesiae BT3 increased shoot length, relative water content, and membrane stability in the seedlings. These bacteria enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, increased proline and total soluble sugar levels, and reduced lipid peroxidation in plants. This study highlights the potential of endophytes such as P. rhodesiae BT3 and E. undae WL15 as bio-inoculants to enhance wheat productivity in water-scarce environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 10","pages":"327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for riboflavin biosynthesis.","authors":"Shuang Liu, Dongchang Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04563-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04563-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Escherichia coli has emerged as a promising microbial platform for industrial riboflavin (RF) biosynthesis, enabled by systematic metabolic engineering of its well-characterized genetic system. This minireview synthesizes key strategies for enhancing RF production, focusing on: (i) Precursor optimization through reinforced pentose phosphate pathway flux (elevating ribulose-5-phosphate) and deregulated purine biosynthesis (boosting GTP availability); (ii) Pathway engineering via rib operon overexpression coupled with feedback inhibition relief through ribF modulation and FMN riboswitch deletion; (iii) Competitive flux minimization by redirecting carbon from acetate formation and catabolic side-reactions; and (iv) Cellular robustness enhancement through NADPH/ATP cofactor balancing and stress tolerance engineering. Complementary bioreactor parameter control including defined media formulations, temperature profiling, and dynamic pH/dissolved oxygen regulation has proven critical for translating laboratory-scale genetic improvements to high-titer production. Recent advances in CRISPR-based genome editing, multi-omics-guided pathway optimization, and antibiotic-free plasmid stabilization demonstrate E. coli's growing viability as a sustainable RF cell factory, with future progress hinging on integrated systems metabolic engineering approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 10","pages":"329"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant species shape the structure and function of rhizobacterial communities in arid grasslands.","authors":"Jing He, Maryamgul Yasen, Mingyuan Li, Jilian Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04539-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04539-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhizosphere microorganisms play a key role in sustaining plant health, mediating nutrient cycling, and maintaining soil structural integrity within grassland ecosystems. However, the response patterns of rhizosphere microbial communities in grassland ecosystems, as well as their complex interactions with plant communities and ecosystem multifunctionality, remain to be elucidated. To further investigate the response mechanisms of rhizosphere microbial communities across different plant species, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze bacterial diversity and community structures in rhizosphere soils of different plant species (Taraxacum mongolicum, Poa annua, and Daucus carota) within the arid grassland region of Xinjiang, China. Subsequently, the Tax4Fun software package was used to elucidate potential metabolic pathways and ecological functions. The results demonstrated that the number of ASVs in the rhizosphere soils was ranked in the order of P. annua, D. carota, and T. mongolicum. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the bacterial α-diversity among these plant species. The predominant genera across all samples were Sphingomonas, Haliangium, and Nocardioides. Additionally, P. annua exhibited unique dominant genera that included Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on weighted UniFrac dissimilarity, in combination with a separate analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), revealed significant differences in bacterial communities among plant species. The co-occurrence network analysis revealed interactions among rhizospheric bacterial communities in plants. The rhizosphere microbiome exhibited predominantly positive correlations with a smaller proportion of negative correlations, potentially indicating microbial interactions as adaptations to harsh environmental conditions. The findings provide a theoretical basis for advancing the understanding of different plant environmental adaptation strategies and the ecological restoration of arid steppe ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 10","pages":"338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights of Pseudomonas nicosulfuronedens CST1-L11, a plant growth-promoting and stress-tolerating endophyte associated with native Musa spp. in Vietnam.","authors":"Minh-Tan Do, Minh-Thien Nguyen, Thai-Vy Truong, Tam Dinh Le Vo, Thu Huynh, Phuc Hoang Bui","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04579-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04579-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endophytic bacteria contribute to sustainable agriculture by promoting plant growth and enhancing crop resilience to the challenges of climate change. Native bananas, well-adapted to harsh conditions, provide an ideal model for studying these bacteria. This study focused on investigating plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits of culturable endophytic bacteria from native banana plants on Ba Den Mountain, Vietnam. Among 26 isolates, strain CST1-L11 demonstrated significant PGP and stress-tolerating properties, including solubilizing 0.92 µg/mL inorganic phosphate, producing 2.27 µg/mL ammonia, synthesizing IAA without L-tryptophan (10.59 µg/mL) and with 0.1% L-tryptophan (38.48 µg/mL), and yielding 47.62% siderophore. At 1% NaCl, its growth (93.80%) was similar to the control, but sharply declined at 2-5% NaCl (3.03%) and ceased entirely beyond 6%. Strain CST1-L11 exhibited normal growth at pH = 5 and pH = 6, but growth dropped drastically at pH = 3 (0.74%), pH = 4 (4.72%). Besides, no growth was observed at 40 °C. Strain CST1-L11 was identified as Pseudomonas nicosulfuronedens based on an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 98.96% with the RefSeq strain LAM1902 (GCA_005877905.1). Strain P. nicosulfuronedens CST1-L11 exhibits diverse genes linked to bioremediation, biomolecule transport and degradation, plant signal production, biofertilization, and indirect plant growth promotion, including colonization, stress control, and competitive exclusion. Key genes for nitrogen cycling, biofilm formation, motility (flagella, pili), and stress tolerance, alongside biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for polyketides, peptides, siderophores, pigments, and antibiotics, were identified. CARD database comparisons revealed abundant multidrug efflux pump genes, predominantly from RND and MATE families, showcasing the strain's adaptability to diverse environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 10","pages":"347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induced effect of Na⁺ on perylenequinones biosynthesis in submerged fermentation of endophytic fungus Shiraia sp. Slf14 via calcineurin signal transduction.","authors":"Ying Sun, Qijing Hua, Yinglin Cai, Yamin Dong, Yiwen Xiao, Jianyin Bao, Du Zhu, Bin Liu, Boliang Gao","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04576-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04576-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metal ions critically regulate microbial secondary metabolism. This study investigated the regulatory roles of metal ions in Shiraia sp. Slf14, an endophytic fungus with exceptional perylenequinone (PQ) biosynthesis capacity. Among eight ions tested, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and high Ca²⁺ (1.0 g/L) markedly enhanced PQ yields, while Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Fe³⁺ (≥ 0.5 g/L) exerted strong inhibition. Na⁺ emerged as the optimal elicitor, boosting production to 504.82 ± 8.62 mg/L (+ 57.96%) at 1.0 g/L without cytotoxicity. Na⁺ exhibited concentration- and time-dependent biphasic regulation. Critical innovation was achieved at 4 g/L Na⁺ added on day 4 (early-log phase), maximizing total PQ yield (1836.95 ± 45.21 mg/L, 5.75 × control), while concentrations > 12 g/L or late addition (≥ day 8) suppressed biosynthesis. Component-specific sensitivities were observed among five PQs. Furthermore, Na⁺ activated the calcineurin pathway: stress-induced Cam/Cna triggered calcineurin-mediated Crz1 nuclear translocation, upregulating key PQ genes (pksI, omef, hydroxylase). Concurrent induction of ena1 (Na⁺ exporter) and Ca²⁺-ATPase maintained ion homeostasis. In conclusion, our work pointed out monovalent cations (Na⁺/K⁺) as potent PQ biosynthetic stimulators in filamentous fungi and establish the Na⁺-calcineurin-PQ axis, offering a scalable strategy to overcome production bottlenecks in pharmaceutical PQ manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 10","pages":"343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pentose phosphate pathway is essential for the resistance of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 to zinc.","authors":"Júlia Rosa Moreira, Fabiano Silva Soares, Kariny Marley de Castro Martins, Vivian Ribeiro Pimentel, Luciano de Souza Vespoli, Leandro Fernandes Andrade, Mariana Ramos Leandro, Suzane Ariádina de Souza, Aline Chaves Intorne, Caio Cezar Guedes Corrêa, Vanildo Silveira, Gonçalo Apolinário de Souza Filho","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04547-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04547-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal for the metabolism of bacteria, but in high concentrations, it may be toxic to cells. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a Gram-negative bacterium characterized by its ability to promote plant growth. Moreover, G. diazotrophicus can survive under challenging conditions, including metal stress. However, the mechanisms that control its resistance to metals require further investigation. This work investigated the main molecular mechanisms associated with the resistance of G. diazotrophicus PAL5 to Zn. Comparative proteomic analyses aimed to identify molecular pathways, and essential proteins were validated by mutagenesis. The main molecular pathways identified by proteomics included response to oxidative stress, sugar metabolism, nutrient uptake, cell envelope metabolism, protein quality control, and the efflux pump system. Mutagenesis showed that the absence of the genes ggt (response to oxidative stress), pgl (sugar metabolism), accC (cell envelope metabolism), tbdR (nutrient uptake), clpX and degP (protein quality control), and czcC (efflux pump system) increased the sensitivity of G. diazotrophicus mutants to Zn. Our results identified essential molecular mechanisms for Zn resistance in G. diazotrophicus, highlighting the essential role of the pentose phosphate pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 10","pages":"331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory effect of Qihuang Biwen decoction and its postbiotic product.","authors":"Junxiang Li, Mingqian Wang, KangKang Liu, Yibo Liang, Haijuan Wang, Yang Lin, Zeqi Huo, Zhiming Zhang, Chunjiang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04569-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04569-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial fermentation is a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy and functional properties of herbs. A traditional Chinese medicine formula, known as the Qihuang Biwen decoction (QHBW), has been shown to have immunomodulatory benefits in clinical and experimental studies. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the effects of microbial-fermented QHBW (FQHBW) on immunity. In this study, we used one-way and Plackett-Burman analyses to establish the preparation process of FQHBW (crucial parameters: ratio of bacterial strains LZU-J-TSL6 and LZU-S-ZCJ was 3:1, inoculum quantity was 3%, temperature was 37℃, time was 37 h). The study found that FQHBW has increased total polysaccharide, total acid, and antioxidant capacities. The increased constituents after fermentation potentially contribute to improving the ability of FQHBW to regulate immunity. Next, its immunostimulatory activity was evaluated in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated mice, and the possible mechanism was studied by microbiome-metabolome analysis. As expected, FQHBW effectively ameliorated CTX-induced immunosuppression by improving organ index, lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytic function, cytokine secretion, and antioxidant profile. It protected against CTX-induced intestinal dysbiosis by promoting the abundance of Oscillospira, Allobaculum, and Coprococcus, while moderately increasing Akkermansia and reducing Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. FQHBW primarily influenced amino acid and nucleotide metabolism to benefit immunity. Unlike QHBW, FQHBW uniquely up-regulates dopamine synapses, tryptophan metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, promoting host anti-oxidation, immune system remodeling, and disease resistance. This study suggests that microbial fermentation is indeed an effective strategy to alter the properties and function of QHBW. FQHBW has the potential to replace QHBW as a novel immunoenhancer and intestinal microecological regulator.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 10","pages":"337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and clinical outcomes of multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing infections in diabetic foot ulcers: a two-year cohort study.","authors":"Mohd Shahid Khan, Noor Jahan, Razia Khatoon, Faisal Moin Ansari, Siraj Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04546-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-025-04546-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This two-year prospective study analysed 124 diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients admitted to the Department of Surgery to identify clinical and microbiological predictors of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and biofilm-producing infections. The cohort was predominantly male (82.3%), with a mean age of 54.3 ± 11.6 years and a high prevalence of tobacco use (63%) and illiteracy (48.4%). Most patients (91.1%) exhibited poor glycaemic control (mean HbA1c 8.3 ± 1.3%), with neuropathy (79%) and retinopathy (72.6%) as the most common comorbidities. Ulcer severity ranged from Wagner grade 1 to 4, with 60.5% persisting for over one month. Microbiological analysis revealed 59.7% monomicrobial and 33.9% polymicrobial infections, with biofilm formation detected in 60.5% of isolates. Multivariable logistic regression showed significant associations between MDR isolates and tobacco use (OR: 4.06, P = 0.049), polymicrobial infections (OR: 20.75, P < 0.001), and biofilm formation (OR: 3.84, P = 0.033). Predictors of biofilm production included male sex (OR: 7.89, P = 0.023), neuropathy (OR: 4.44, P = 0.040), prolonged ulcer duration (OR: 0.09, P = 0.001), non-necrotic ulcers (OR: 0.16, P = 0.014), and MDR organisms (OR: 3.64, P = 0.034). Clinical outcomes included a 30.6% amputation rate (22.6% minor, 8.1% major) and an 8.9% mortality rate, with a mean hospital stay of 22.9 ± 9.2 days. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of MDR development and biofilm-associated infections, emphasizing the critical roles of biofilm formation, polymicrobial infections, and tobacco use in DFU management. Early intervention and tailored therapies are essential to mitigate these risks and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 10","pages":"346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}