World journal of microbiology & biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Electrospun PVA nanofibers improve the storage stability of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation broth.","authors":"Paula Derksen Macruz, Giovanna Picoli Libel, Lucas Haruo Nakayama Pereira, Juliano Cesar da Silva, Sergio Antônio Barraca, Eduardo Radovanovic, Eduardo Jorge Pilau","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05334-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-026-05334-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of robust, stable microbial formulations remains a major challenge for agricultural use. We report an electrospinning-based formulation that encapsulates Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation broth within poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers to enhance storage stability and preserve microbial viability. Electrospun nanofiber mats were obtained from PVA formulations containing the fermentation broth, and their morphology, chemical profile, mechanical properties, and microbial viability were evaluated. Morphological, spectroscopic, mechanical, and microbiological analyses demonstrated successful incorporation of the fermentation broth into the PVA matrix and retention of viable Bacillus cells after electrospinning, with comparative estimates of viable cell recovery of 3.3 × 10⁷ CFU cm^- 2 in the electrospun fibers and 8.3 × 10⁷ CFU mL^- 1 in the polymeric spinning solution before electrospinning. Nanofibers stored under ambient conditions for up to one year still yielded viable cells. Collectively, these findings support the potential of electrospun PVA nanofibers as a formulation strategy for microbial stabilization and warrant further investigation toward the development of microbial formulations with improved storage characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic microbial communities mediate maize growth and soil microecology under saline-alkali stress.","authors":"Yuhang Pang, Yixin Song, Ying Wang, Jilian Wang, Mingyuan Li","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05330-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-026-05330-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil salinization results in soil degradation and a decline in productivity. Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) perform more stably than single strains, providing a new approach for saline-alkali soil improvement. Two synthetic communities SynCom1 and SynCom2 were assembled from plant rhizosphere salt-tolerant isolates via antagonism and co-culture assays. Six treatments were established to test SynCom inoculation effects. A represented non-sterilized soil added with SynCom1; B represented non-sterilized soil added with SynCom2, C represented non-sterilized soil supplemented with LB medium as control; D represented sterilized soil added with SynCom1; E represented sterilized soil added with SynCom2; F represents sterilized soil supplemented with LB medium as control. This design was used to distinguish the respective effects of SynComs, indigenous soil microorganisms and fermentation medium. SynComs enhanced the growth of maize plants, and decrease soil pH and electrical conductivity. Specifically, SynCom1 increased the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, and dehydrogenase under unsterilized environment (P < 0.05). The absolute quantification of 16 S RNA revealed that both agents caused an increase of absolute bacterial abundance in sterilized soil, compared to unsterilized soil. Notably, SynCom2 led to an increase in the beneficial genera including Streptomyces and Micromonospora. In unsterilized soil, the co-occurrence network of SynCom1 exhibited the highest complexity. However, in sterilized soil, the network inoculated with SynCom2 showed greater stability than that with SynCom1. Functional prediction revealed that SynCom1 mainly participated in basal energy metabolism, while SynCom2 activated secondary metabolism in non-sterilized soils. In sterilized soils, the two communities were enriched in colonization adaptation and nutrient metabolism functions, respectively. Our study provides a practical basis for the improvement of saline-alkali soils using SynComs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: From metabolites to membrane vesicles: Unifying gut microbial signals in obesity, t2dm, and MASLD.","authors":"Barathan Muttiah, Gopinath Venkatraman, Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05263-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-05263-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and genotypic assessment of antimicrobial and biocide resistance in enterobacteria from anaerobic digestion of dairy waste: implications for environmental and public health.","authors":"Mateus Rodrigues Alves, Nicolly Soares Ferreira, Max Sulivan Fontes, Mariana Fabri Lima, Marcelo Henrique Otenio, Mariana Drummond Costa Ignacchiti, Juliana Alves Resende","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05319-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-026-05319-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in agricultural waste represent a critical One Health concern. Anaerobic digestion of livestock waste is widely promoted; however, the fate of antimicrobial resistance and biocide tolerance in full-scale systems remains unclear, constraining safe digestate reuse. This study assessed phenotypic and genotypic resistance in Escherichia coli-like enterobacteria isolated from effluent and biofertilizer in a full-scale dairy anaerobic digestion system. A total of 173 isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), antimicrobial susceptibility, multidrug resistance (MDR), and biocide inhibition-zone responses. No diarrheagenic virulence genes were detected. At least one screened ARG was detected in 91.0% of effluent and 83.3% of biofertilizer isolates. qacE∆1 was the most frequent marker and occurred significantly more often in effluent (70.8%) than biofertilizer isolates (44.0%; q = 0.00291). Phenotypic resistance to at least one antimicrobial was observed in 27.0% and 34.5% of effluent and biofertilizer isolates, respectively, while MDR occurred in 2.2% and 9.5% (p = 0.0521). tet(a) carriage was strongly associated with tetracycline resistance (OR = 20.9; q < 0.001). H₂O₂ inhibition zones were significantly smaller among biofertilizer isolates, whereas Lactic Acid (LA) yielded 6-mm measurements in all isolates and in the reference strain. These findings demonstrate that anaerobic digestion does not fully eliminate culturable resistant enterobacteria and underscore the need for integrated resistance monitoring in dairy-waste management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the use of Leucobacter komagatae as an eco-friendly bio-inoculant to enhance sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) growth and yield under drought conditions.","authors":"Abhay Kumar Srivastava, Sapna Chandwani, Natarajan Amaresan, Sudhir Kumar Shukla, Raghvendra Tiwari, Priyanka Srivastava, Shyam Sundar Rao, Amit Srivastava, Vijai Prakash Jaiswal, Rajesh Kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05331-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-026-05331-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought occurrence owing to climate change is a major constraint to attain sustainable agriculture, severely limiting crop growth and productivity. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids), a key crop in tropical and subtropical regions, is particularly susceptible to drought stress because of its extended growth duration and high-water requirements. In this study, previously identified four plant growth promoting Leucobacter komagatae (ASBD2, ASBD15, ASBD19 and ASBD30) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions (pot culture study) over two consecutive years (2023-24 and 2024-25). Of these four isolates, L. komagatae ASBD19 showed the strongest performance for several physiological and drought-response attributes, whereas ASBD2 and ASBD15 were more effective for biomass accumulation and nutrient acquisition, respectively. The ASBD 19 strain exhibited significantly enhanced germination rate (70% and 66% at 60 days after planting (DAP)), tillering ( 8 and 9 tillers/pot at 180 days), plant height (118 cm and 127 cm at 270 days), photosynthetic activity at grand growth stage (PAR incident on leaf surface 1150.7 µmol m-² s-¹ ; transpiration rate 3.85 mol m-² s-¹; photosynthetic rate 18.15 µmol m-² s-¹; and stomatal conductance 0.93 mol m-² s-¹), and increased cane length (165 cm and 168 cm) and cane weight (0.75 and 0.54 kg) at harvesting stage of the sugarcane compared to the control under drought stress. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the native L. komagatae strains have potential as sustainable bioinoculants for drought-prone sugarcane, with ASBD19 for maintaining physiological performance and drought adaptation, whereas ASBD2 and ASBD15 for improving nutrient acquisition and biomass production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated in-silico and in-vitro evaluation of silybin as a potential quorum-sensing modulator against Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Praisy Joy Bell I, Sadhana Sundararajan, Rajiniraja Muniyan","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05325-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-026-05325-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of multi-drug resistance in the class of ESKAPE pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus has led to the search for anti-virulence mechanisms to overcome resistance posed by the existing antibiotics. Quorum sensing (QS), mediated by AbaI/AbaR circuits in A. baumannii and AgrA/AgrC circuits in S. aureus, regulates biofilm formation and virulence factor production in the two species, thereby serving as potential targets for phytocompound action. In the current study silybin, a flavonoid lignan from Silybum marianum, emerged as a potential QS modulator against both pathogens based on an integrated computational and experimental approach. Molecular docking studies predicted favourable interactions of silybin to the four regulatory proteins (-14.76 to -12.34 kcal/mol for AbaI and AbaR, -10.20 to -9.83 kcal/mol for AgrA and AgrC), binding functionally important amino acid residues in their active sites. Molecular dynamics simulations lasting 500 ns revealed that silybin binding decreased backbone and residue-level flexibility, increased compactness, reduced solvent-accessible surface area and restricted collective motion in comparison with their respective apo-proteins in all four targets. MM-GBSA calculations together with per-residue decomposition and contact analysis emphasized the role of van der Waals and electrostatic interactions contributed to the predicted binding energetics of the protein-ligand complexes. Silybin displayed in-vitro antibacterial activity, time-dependent inhibitory activity, and concentration-dependent antibiofilm activity up to 60% in A. baumannii and up to 70% in S. aureus. Downregulation was observed for genes involved in virulence in S. aureus, but not for abaI/abaR in A. baumannii. Overall, the findings support silybin as a potential QS- associated modulator with anti-biofilm activity against both pathogens. However, additional studies are required to establish QS-specific activity, selectivity, cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, and in-vivo efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable polyhydroxybutyrate production and characterization from Chlorella vulgaris cultivated on waste-derived carbon sources.","authors":"Oyku Alp, Raziye Ozturk Urek","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05316-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-026-05316-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biopolymer produced by various microorganisms for carbon and energy storage and stands out in terms of sustainable bioplastic production. PHB is a biodegradable and sustainable substitute for petrochemical-based plastics frequently used nowadays. Interest in waste-based/byproduct carbon sources has recently increased due to the high production cost of microbial PHB, and byproducts and wastes are being evaluated within the scope of zero-waste projects. In this study, the metabolic changes of Chlorella vulgaris were examined in the existence of different substrates including wine vinegar (WV), vinegar wastewater (VW), crude glycerol (CG), and tomato paste wastewater (TPW), and the effects of these conditions on PHB production were evaluated. Changes in cell dry weight, optical density, pH, total reducing sugars, total -nitrogen, -carbohydrates, -proteins, -lipids, and PHB levels were monitored over time during cultivation. 1% (v/v) VW was found to be optimal carbon source/concentration. To optimize extraction, solvent-based and ultrasonic extraction methods were tested for different durations, and the highest yield of 23.280 ± 2.10% was determined after 15 days. The extracted PHB was characterized by FTIR, GC, NMR, TGA, DSC, and SEM analyses. Thus, the characteristic functional groups of PHB obtained from C. vulgaris have been confirmed. This study provides important data on directing carbon flow to PHB production metabolism in mixotrophic microalgal cultures using waste/byproduct-based carbon sources and demonstrates that the potential of C. vulgaris in bioplastic production can be revealed through metabolic and nutritional optimizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial extracellular vesicles as emerging biostimulants in plant microbe signaling and stress tolerance.","authors":"Haris Maqbool, Nadeem Ullah, Iqra Fazil, Mohsin Khan, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Hassan Javed Chaudhary, Junqiang Zheng, Iffat Naz","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05301-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-026-05301-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanosized membrane-bound nanoparticles naturally secreted by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These vesicles mediate intercellular communication through delivery of diverse bioactive cargo, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, metabolites, and signaling molecules. Initially recognized as virulence determinants in pathogenic bacteria, BEVs are increasingly recognized as multifunctional platforms with potential applications in sustainable agriculture. This review examines BEV biogenesis, cargo composition, plant uptake, and emerging roles in plant growth promotion, stress adaptation, and disease resistance. Emphasis is placed on BEV-mediated modulation of plant immunity through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), and induced systemic resistance (ISR). Potential roles of vesicle-associated phytohormones, ACC deaminase, siderophores, extracellular enzymes, and regulatory RNAs in nutrient acquisition, phytohormone homeostasis, and stress responses are critically evaluated. Emerging evidence linking BEVs to drought, salinity, heat, heavy metal, and nutrient-deficiency responses is examined, with emphasis on antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, ion homeostasis, and stress-responsive signaling. The review also discusses engineered BEVs as potential biostimulants, nano-biofertilizers, biocontrol agents, and precision delivery systems, including CRISPR-based engineering, synthetic vesicles, AI-guided cargo optimization, and smart nanoformulations. Major challenges include scalable production, standardization, biosafety, regulation, and field validation. However, critical knowledge gaps remain regarding BEV perception, cellular uptake, cargo delivery, and the causal basis of plant responses, together with uncertainties surrounding biosafety, reproducibility, and performance under field conditions. Collectively, BEVs represent promising biological nanocarriers for climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture, but further mechanistic, methodological, and field-based research is required to establish their reliability and practical agricultural potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome assembly and comparative genomic analysis of the extracellular polysaccharide-overproducing strain Schizophyllum commune SC-N.","authors":"Jinqi Kou, Hongbo Yan, Ju Zhang, Weidong Sun, Yintong Zhang, Haiyue Nan","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05299-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-026-05299-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To characterize the genomic features of the extracellular polysaccharide-overproducing strain Schizophyllum commune SC-N, genome assembly and functional annotation were performed using a hybrid sequencing strategy combining Nanopore long reads and Illumina short reads, followed by comparative genomic analyses with S. commune H4-8 and representative basidiomycetes. The SC-N genome was 45.62 Mb in size, with a GC content of 55.45% and a contig N50 of 3.71 Mb. A total of 13,832 protein-coding genes were predicted, and the BUSCO completeness score reached 95.12%. In independent fermentation experiments, SC-N produced 3.91 g/L of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed spectral features consistent with a β-glucan-rich EPS. Comparative genomic analyses showed that, within the selected comparative panel, SC-N contained 131 strain-specific orthologous groups comprising 531 predicted protein-coding genes. The composition of carbohydrate-active enzyme families, particularly glycosyltransferases (GTs), glycoside hydrolases (GHs), and carbohydrate esterases (CEs), differed markedly between SC-N and the closely related reference strain S. commune H4-8. In addition, local tandem duplication patterns were observed in genes associated with ORP/Osh proteins, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), GTP cyclohydrolase II, and the E1 component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. The copy number of the GT48 family was generally conserved among the compared strains, whereas differences between SC-N and S. commune H4-8 were observed in the predicted transcription factor-binding motif composition of the upstream regions of FKS1 and FKS2 and in local predicted protein structural features. Collectively, these findings reveal distinctive genomic features of SC-N related to carbohydrate metabolism, membrane homeostasis, and β-glucan-associated functional modules, providing a genomic foundation for further elucidation of its enhanced EPS-producing phenotype and for functional validation of key candidate genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of multidrug resistant Enterobacter spp. in Nigeria: a genomic study.","authors":"Ayodele Timilehin Adesoji, Vittoria Mattioni Marchetti, Claudia Cortimiglia, Francesca Piscopiello, Ilaria Petrizzi, Aurora Piazza, Emmanuel Dayo Alabi, Pier Sandro Cocconcelli, Roberta Migliavacca","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05324-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-026-05324-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacter species are pathogens of public health concern. In this study, we investigated the resistome, virulome, and plasmidome of circulating Enterobacter hormaechei isolated from humans, animals, and ready-to-eat (RTE) food in Dutsin-Ma, northwest Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Enterobacter species were isolated from human, and RTE food samples using MacConkey and CHROM agar. Species identification and antibiotics susceptibility testing (AST) were performed using Microscan autoSCAN-4 and MALDI-TOF MS, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analysis were performed to validate the species identities. WGS also determined sequence types (STs), resistome, plasmidome, and virulome using PubMLST, ResFinder, PlasmidFinder, and Virulence Factors Database (VFDB) via ABRicate, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>E. hormaechei subs. xiangfangensis was the dominant species isolated from humans (6/8, 75%) and animals (1/8, 12.5%), while E. hormaechei subs. oharae was exclusively found in RTE food (1/8, 12.5%). The most frequent sequence type (ST) was ST813, found solely in humans, along with ST511, ST454, and the emerging high-risk ST171. ST68 was identified in food, and novel ST (ST3186) were identified in animal and human samples, respectively. All isolates exhibited 100% resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, with 62.5% resistant to each of aztreonam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tobramycin and cefotaxime, and 25% to colistin. E. hormaechei (62.5%) isolates carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene, encoding ESBL-production, along with AmpC genes such as blaCMH-3, and also harbored resistance genes for aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim. The IncHI2 (50%) was identified as the dominant plasmid type followed by Col (pHAD28) (25%), IncFIB (25%), and IncFII (11.1%). The most (62.5%) prevalence virulence gene among the isolates is ompA encoding adhesion while each of entA, entB and fepD encoding iron acquisition were least (12.5%) occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first genomic insight into Enterobacter species in northwest Nigeria, highlighting their role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. E. hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis was identified as the main reservoir of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases in this study. The discovery of novel STs with diverse virulence factors and plasmid replicon indicates potential horizontal gene transfer across different ecological niches. Our findings underscore the need for robust surveillance and control measures to combat the spread of MDR Enterobacter species across human, animal, and food niches.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13645906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}