Idrees Haider, Muhammad Arif Ali, Muhammad Sanaullah, Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi, Muhammad Akmal, Muhammad Abid Ali Khan, Muhammad Umer Iqbal, Niaz Ahmad, Mahmoud Moustafa, Mohammed O Alshaharni, Uthman Algopishi
{"title":"Interactive effects of soil moisture and temperature on chromium-induced microbial and enzymatic stress.","authors":"Idrees Haider, Muhammad Arif Ali, Muhammad Sanaullah, Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi, Muhammad Akmal, Muhammad Abid Ali Khan, Muhammad Umer Iqbal, Niaz Ahmad, Mahmoud Moustafa, Mohammed O Alshaharni, Uthman Algopishi","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04366-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04366-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climatic conditions play a critical role in soil health, as changes in temperature and moisture directly impact soil microbial populations. The presence of potentially toxic elements, particularly chromium (Cr), poses a significant threat to microbial communities and can alter soil chemical properties. Current study investigated the effects of Cr toxicity under varying soil volumetric water contents (30% and 40%) and temperature (25 °C and 40 °C) on microbial biomass and enzyme activities. The experiment was conducted over 60 days with six Cr levels: control, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg Cr kg<sup>-1</sup> soil. Results revealed a significant reduction in soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur at Cr contamination levels above 100 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>. Specifically, at 30% soil moisture and 25 °C, microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur were reduced by 59.09, 66.72, 50.82, and 61.03%, respectively. At 40% soil moisture and 40 °C, reductions were recorded 23.77, 46.95, 48.83, and 30.87%, respectively. Additionally, soil enzyme activities declined with increasing Cr levels. Amidase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, and dehydrogenase activities decreased to 47.98, 50.41, 50.32, 64.34, 46.64, and 48.49% at 30% soil moisture and 25 °C, respectively. At 40% soil moisture and 40 °C, reductions were calculated 32.90, 37.09, 45.39, 55.71, 38.37, and 36.76%, respectively. The findings indicate that chromium contamination and changes in soil moisture and temperature significantly compromise soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. This study highlights the need for monitoring and mitigating Cr contamination to maintain soil biological health and overall ecosystem functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 5","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Salma Santhosh, S Meena, M Baskar, S Karthikeyan, C Vanniarajan, T Ramesh
{"title":"Transformative strategies for saline soil restoration: Harnessing halotolerant microorganisms and advanced technologies.","authors":"S Salma Santhosh, S Meena, M Baskar, S Karthikeyan, C Vanniarajan, T Ramesh","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04342-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04342-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil salinity is a critical global challenge that severely impairs crop productivity and soil health by disrupting water uptake, nutrient acquisition, and ionic balance in plants, thereby posing a significant threat to food security. This review underscores innovative strategies to mitigate salinity stress, focusing on the pivotal role of halotolerant microorganisms and their synergistic interactions with plants. Halotolerant microorganisms enhance plant resilience through diverse mechanisms under salinity, including exopolysaccharide production, sodium sequestration, and phytohormone regulation. It improves ionic balance, nutrient uptake, and root development, facilitated by osmoregulatory and genetic adaptations. In this discussion, we explored emerging technologies, including genome editing (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9), synthetic biology, and advanced omics-based tools such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. These cutting-edge approaches offer profound insights into microbial diversity and their functional adaptations to saline environments. By leveraging these technologies, it is possible to design targeted bioremediation strategies through the customization of microbial functionalities to address specific environmental challenges effectively. Advanced methodologies, such as microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs), nanotechnology, and stress-tolerant microbial consortia, significantly enhance plant stress tolerance and facilitate soil restoration. Moreover, integrating digital technologies, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), optimizes bioremediation processes by providing precise, scalable, and adaptable solutions tailored to diverse agricultural ecosystems. The synergistic application of halotolerant microbe-mediated approaches with advanced biotechnological and digital innovations presents a transformative strategy for saline soil restoration. Future research should focus on harmonizing these technologies and methodologies to maximize plant-microbe interactions and establish resilient, sustainable agricultural systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 5","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Augmenting Cr(VI) phytoremediation potential of Ricinus communis through rhizospheric crosstalk with multi stress tolerant plant growth promoting Bacillus altitudinis M1.","authors":"Manoj Srinivas Ravi, Indra Arulselvi Padikasan","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04357-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04357-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative for bioremediation of Cr(VI). This study investigated the effects of rhizobacterial strain Bacillus altitudinis M1 on Cr(VI) reduction, plant growth promotion and Cr(VI) stress mitigation in Ricinus communis. Biosorption and bioreduction of Cr(VI) up to 300 mg/l by the strain M1 was confirmed by FTIR, Raman Spectrum and TEM-EDX analysis. Moreover, the strain M1 exhibited high tolerance to temperature (up to 40 °C), pH (up to 8.0), NaCl (up to 6%) and various heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Mn and Zn). The strain M1 produced significant IAA, ammonia and EPS under higher concentration of Cr(VI). The strain improved the growth and development of test crop R. communis under higher Cr(VI) concentration. Inoculation of the strain M1 alleviated Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress in roots and leaves of R. communis by decreasing proline (up to 24 and 33%), H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (up to 56 and 43%), and MDA (up to 42 and 40%) by regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes. These findings suggest that the strain M1 promotes plant growth under Cr(VI) stress through multiple mechanisms, including phytohormone production, nutrient mobilization, stress metabolite modulation, and antioxidant defense system regulation. Thus the application of the strain M1 potentially reduces Cr(VI) bioavailability, making it a promising candidate for Cr(VI) bioremediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 5","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jefferson Brendon Almeida Dos Reis, Andrei Stecca Steindorff, Adriana Sturion Lorenzi, Danilo Batista Pinho, Helson Mario Martins do Vale, Georgios Joannis Pappas
{"title":"How genomics can help unravel the evolution of endophytic fungi.","authors":"Jefferson Brendon Almeida Dos Reis, Andrei Stecca Steindorff, Adriana Sturion Lorenzi, Danilo Batista Pinho, Helson Mario Martins do Vale, Georgios Joannis Pappas","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04375-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04375-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endophytic fungi (EFs) form intimate associations with plants, residing within their tissues without causing apparent harm. Understanding the evolution of endophytic fungal genomes is essential for uncovering the mechanisms that drive their symbiotic relationships with host plants. This review explores the dynamic interactions between EFs and host plants, focusing on the evolutionary processes that shape their genomes. We highlighted key genomic adaptations promoting their endophytic lifestyle, including genes involved in plant cell wall degradation, secondary metabolite production, and stress tolerance. By combining genomic data with ecological and physiological information, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the coevolutionary dynamics between EFs and host plants. Moreover, it provides insights that help elucidate the complex interdependencies governing their symbiotic interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 5","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The influence of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol stress on the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum and phycosphere bacteria community.","authors":"Xiao Lu, Jie Liu, Xinfeng Xiao, Jianliang Xue, Dongle Cheng, Linlin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04372-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04372-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emerging contaminant 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) is a kind of synthetic phenolic antioxidant and can pose negative effects on the aquatic organism. However, the mechanism of phycosphere bacteria coordinating with microalgae in response to BHT stress remains poorly understood. Herein, the effect of BHT on the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum was comprehensively analyzed. BHT exposure led to a dose-dependent inhibition of P. tricornutum growth and the photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis. BHT also led to an increase in the content of malondialdehyde, therefore microalgae responded to the oxidative stress by enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, to eliminate excess reactive oxygen species in the cells. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to photosynthesis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis were up-regulated in response to BHT stress, which are crucial for the microalgae's adaptation to stresses. In addition, high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing results demonstrated a significant increase in the relative abundance of bacteria affiliated with Halomonas, Marivita and Oceanicaulis. Microbiological assays demonstrated that Halomonas can thrive by using BHT as the sole energy source and exhibit a chemotactic response to IAA. Therefore, we conclude that the increased content of IAA secreted by microalgae in the phycosphere environment promoted the enrichment of BHT-tolerant bacterium Halomonas, thereby it is helpful for environmental pressures adaptability of P. tricornutum. Overall, this study provided a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and biochemical effects of BHT on microalgae, and we highlight the potential functional significance of IAA in establishing an interaction between microalgae and algae-associated bacteria in adverse environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 5","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ning Wang, Aifang Wang, Hejia Sun, Luohong Zhang, Yonghong Liu
{"title":"The mechanism and prospect of exogenous promoters enhancement Anammox at low temperatures: a review.","authors":"Ning Wang, Aifang Wang, Hejia Sun, Luohong Zhang, Yonghong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04358-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04358-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process has revolutionized nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment with its exceptional cost-effectiveness and carbon-neutral characteristics. Nevertheless, the intrinsic psychrophilic sensitivity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), particularly their rapid metabolic suppression below 15 °C, poses a critical bottleneck for sustainable implementation in cold-climate regions. Recent advancements in exogenous stimulation strategies offer promising solutions to this challenge, with particular emphasis on iron supplementation and cryogenic activity regulators (CARs) due to their non-invasive operational compatibility and mechanistic versatility. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the operational performance, functional enzyme activity, and microbial abundance associated with the use of iron and CARs as exogenous promoters in low-temperature Anammox system. Building upon current limitations in single-factor approaches, the dual-modulation strategy integrating iron-chelated CARs complexes are proposed, which leverages the complementary benefits of iron-mediated metabolic activation and CARs-induced cryoprotection, potentially enabling year-round Anammox operation under low temperatures. This mechanistic-to-applied review provides critical insights for advancing Anammox implementation in circular economy-driven wastewater infrastructures under climate change scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 5","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decontamination of co-amoxiclav antibiotic from aquatic media by novel isolated yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii DF3 under optimized condition.","authors":"Farzaneh Dianatdar, Zahra Etemadifar","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04371-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04371-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic residues, as emerging micropollutants in surface water, threaten human health and ecosystems. The degradation of antibiotics is an essential process for safeguarding public health. This study identifies and optimizes a novel yeast strain for co-amoxiclav (AMC) degradation. Meyerozyma guilliermondii DF3 (Accession No. MZ477354) was isolated from soil using a basal mineral medium (BMM) supplemented with AMC. The strain degraded 75% of AMC within 72 h. Key culture conditions (temperature (20-35 °C), carbon sources (glucose/glycerol), inoculum size (1-5% v/v), and pH (5-9) were optimized via single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken design (BBD). Residual antibiotic levels were quantified by UV spectroscopy and HPLC. Optimal biodegradation occurred with glycerol/glucose, pH 6, and 1% inoculum (1 × 10⁸ cells/mL) at 30 °C. Response surface methodology (RSM) predicted complete degradation (100%) at pH 6.25, 1.02% inoculum, and 95.76 h, with pH being the most influential factor. These findings highlight M. guilliermondii DF3 as a promising candidate for AMC bioremediation in aquatic environments, advancing yeast-based strategies for water treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 5","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wedad M Abdelraheem, Hadeer Ibrahim Yassin, Shaimaa Zaki, Mona Abdel Monem Esmail
{"title":"Zinc sulfate acts as an efflux pump inhibitor on Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.","authors":"Wedad M Abdelraheem, Hadeer Ibrahim Yassin, Shaimaa Zaki, Mona Abdel Monem Esmail","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04352-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04352-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efflux pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa play an important role in decreasing the bacterium's antibiotic susceptibility. This study aimed to identify P. aeruginosa efflux pumps and examine the effect of Zinc sulfate on these pumps. This study was conducted on 104 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates collected from different types of specimens. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of all isolates was examined by disc diffusion and microdilution methods. A Cartwheel test was done for phenotypic detection of P. aeruginosa efflux pumps in the presence and absence of zinc sulfate. The expression of efflux pumps encoding genes and their regulators in the presence and absence of zinc sulfate was measured using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. A high rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pattern was observed among the tested isolates (55.7%). Combining different antibiotics with Zinc sulfate exhibited synergistic effects against most of the studied isolates. The addition of sub-inhibitory concentrations of Zinc sulfate to the cartwheel test was found to inhibit efflux pump activity in all tested isolates. The expression of the positive regulator gene, mexT, was significantly decreased. Additionally, Zinc sulfate significantly upregulated the expression of the mexR gene (P-value < 0.05), a negative regulator of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump. Zinc sulfate demonstrated a strong antimicrobial effect against P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. We recommend the use of Zinc sulfate as an antibiotic adjuvant and efflux pump inhibitor in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections to enhance the bacterium's susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 5","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F A Jimoh, A T Ajao, W T Aborisade, Z B Abdulsalam
{"title":"Co-selection of antibiotic resistance and heavy metal tolerance in bacterial species isolated from automobile scrapyard soils.","authors":"F A Jimoh, A T Ajao, W T Aborisade, Z B Abdulsalam","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04356-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04356-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the physicochemical properties, heavy metal concentrations, and bacterial profiles of contaminated scrapyard soils compared to fertile agricultural soil. The results indicate that scrapyard soils exhibit higher bulk density (1.10 1.30 g/cm³), lower organic carbon (0.80 1.10%), and reduced organic matter (1.37 1.90%) levels, suggesting deterioration in soil fertility. Electrical conductivity is significantly elevated (0.70 0.80 dS/m), indicating increased ionic strength. Heavy metal analysis reveals significantly higher concentrations of Pb (14 18 mg/kg), Cd (3 7 mg/kg), Zn (20 40 mg/kg), Cu (23 35 mg/kg), Ni (23 30 mg/kg), and As (3.85 5.5 mg/kg). Bacterial loads in scrapyard soils (3.08 3.76 Log CFU/g) are considerably lower than in control soil (7.88 Log CFU/g), alongside decreased soil enzyme activities, including dehydrogenase (130 170 µg TPF/g/h), urease (110 130 µg NH₄⁺/g/h), phosphatase (70-90 µg pNP/g/h), and catalase (85-95 µg O₂/g/h). The study isolates Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Klebsiella aerogenes, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas reactans, and Bacillus subtilis, which exhibit varying resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. A strong correlation is observed between heavy metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance (r = 0.78 0.88, P < 0.05), suggesting a synergistic effect where metal exposure enhances bacterial resilience to antibiotics. Notably, the MICs of tetracycline and ampicillin increase substantially in Cd-exposed isolates (up to 35 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively), while Ni exposure in Pseudomonas reactans results in a two-fold increase in the MIC of chloramphenicol (from 10.5 µg/mL to 20 µg/mL). The correlation between soil enzyme activity and dominant bacterial species further highlights the influence of heavy metal contamination on microbial function. These findings underscore the environmental risks posed by scrapyard contamination and the adaptive mechanisms of multi-resistant bacteria in response to heavy metal stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 5","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dazhao Liu, Okwong Oketch Reymick, Yuwei Luo, Xin Chen, JinXin Che, Nengguo Tao
{"title":"Cuminaldehyde: a potent antifungal agent for managing postharvest blue mold disease in Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan.","authors":"Dazhao Liu, Okwong Oketch Reymick, Yuwei Luo, Xin Chen, JinXin Che, Nengguo Tao","doi":"10.1007/s11274-025-04367-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11274-025-04367-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cuminaldehyde demonstrates strong antimicrobial properties against several disease-causing organisms. This study investigated its antifungal effectiveness against an imazalil-resistant strain of Penicillium italicum, the pathogen responsible for postharvest blue mold disease in citrus fruits. Cuminaldehyde significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of P. italicum, with both the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) estimated at 0.5 mL/L. In vivo assays revealed that treatment with 4 × MFC cuminaldehyde in Tween-80 significantly reduced blue mold incidence in Ponkan mandarins inoculated with P. italicum. After 6 days of incubation, the disease incidence in fruits treated with 4 × MFC cuminaldehyde was approximately 72%, compared to 80% in the Prochloraz-treated fruits and 100% in the control group. The antifungal activity was attributed to the activation of oxidative stress, as evidenced by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, damage to plasma membrane permeability in hyphal cells, and leakage of intracellular components. Additionally, treatment with 4 × MFC cuminaldehyde preserved the quality of the inoculated Ponkan mandarins by day 6. Overall, these findings indicate that cuminaldehyde is a potent antifungal alternative to current chemical fungicides used for controlling postharvest blue mold disease in Ponkan mandarins.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"41 5","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}