World journal of microbiology & biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Engineering a high-efficiency expression system in Tremella fuciformis using novel promoters and optimized transformation conditions.","authors":"Mei Hao, Li Sheng, Cuiyuan Mo, Xuetuan Wei, Yuanyuan Wang, Aimin Ma","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05004-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-05004-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of a high-efficiency expression system is crucial for advancing the molecular breeding and synthetic biology of Tremella fuciformis. Here, the system is reported through the identification of potent endogenous promoters and the systematic optimization of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol. Key parameters for transformation were established, including optimal antibiotic concentrations (12.5 µg/mL hygromycin, 250 µg/mL cefotaxime) and the critical yeast-like cells (YLCs) density (OD₆₀₀ 0.6-0.8) for co-culture. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed that surface damage on YLCs treated with brown aluminum oxide facilitated T-DNA transfer from A. tumefaciens and resulted in a 2.25-fold increase in the number of transformants. Central to this system, gene_sp10042040.1 (P4), gene_sp10011850.1 (P5) and gene_sp10036670.1 (P7) were validated in transformed YLCs, where they drove the expression of the eGFP to levels 67.8-fold, 11.8-fold, and 7-fold higher than the control wild-type strain, respectively. Strikingly, these novel promoters outperformed the constitutive gpd promoter, with an increase in expression efficiency of up to 1476.74%. This integrated expression system, comprising an optimized transformation workflow and a set of superior endogenous promoters, provides a powerful platform for genetic manipulation and metabolic engineering in T. fuciformis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of PGPR from the phylum bacillota with native rhizosphere microbiota: current insights and future perspectives.","authors":"Magdalena Szpytma, Jakub Dobrzyński","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05007-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-05007-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intensive use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides has increased crop productivity but also contributed to soil degradation and biodiversity loss, highlighting the need for more sustainable agricultural strategies. Among emerging solutions, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), particularly members of the Bacillota phylum, are gaining attention as effective bioinoculants that enhance plant growth and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, introduced strains do not function in isolation. They enter complex microbial communities, shaped by plant type and developmental stage, influenced by soil properties and environmental conditions. While the positive effects of PGPR on plant performance are well documented, their impact on indigenous rhizosphere microbiota remains less studied. This review synthesizes current knowledge on how Bacillota-based inoculants influence native microbial communities in cereals, vegetables, orchard crops, and fiber plants. Most studies report shifts toward plant-beneficial taxa and reduced abundance of potential pathogens following Bacillota application. Frequently enriched genera include Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Lysobacter, Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, Azotobacter, Arthrobacter, Pseudarthrobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Devosia, Flavobacterium, Klebsiella, Herbaspirillum, and Rhodanobacter. These changes are often associated with improved plant growth and yield, and stress resilience. However, responses strongly depend on strain, plant and methodological approach. We summarize commonly applied approaches used to assess these interactions. Despite technological advances, limitations remain, such as single time-point sampling, simplified experimental systems, and insufficient integration of inoculant persistence with community analyses. Standardized, multi-site experimental frameworks, with multiple sampling terms are needed to improve predictability and ensure the safe implementation of PGPR-based solutions in sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Draft genome sequence CR-NGP1 strain of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) from the host Citrus reticulata (Nagpur mandarin) from Central India.","authors":"Rushikesh D Bharsakale, Mrugendra G Gubyad, Prasanth Tej Kumar Jagannadham, Sunil B Kokane, Ashish J Warghane, Amol D Kokane, Dilip Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-04935-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-04935-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huanglongbing (HLB, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus') is one of the most devastating pathogens in citrus domain. Here, we present the nearly complete genome sequence of a CR-NGP1 strain obtained a from symptomatic Nagpur Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) tree in the Nagpur region of Central India. High-throughput sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform generated ~ 85.7 million paired-end reads, 63.5 million paired-end reads and 14.8 million paired-end reads for sample CLas_001, CLas_002 and CLas_003 each with 150 bp read length, respectively. Two assembly strategies were used: (i) reference-based assembly with SPAdes produced a draft genome of ~ 1.19 Mb with assembly comprised 149 contigs, with an N50 of 14,173 bp, longest contig of 39,711 bp, and an overall GC content of 36.27%. (ii) KBase CONCOCT binning v1.1 applied to all 3 samples produced a nearly complete CR-NGP1 genome of ~ 1,156,009 bases with assembly of 93 contig, with an N50 of 17,668 bp, a longest contig of 39,711 bp, and an overall GC content of 36.4%. This resource of a CLas genome from Central India provides important insights to understand genetic diversity of CLas strains and will facilitate comparative genomics and epidemiological studies of Huanglongbing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of next-generation versus third-generation sequencing for pathogen detection in clinical samples: a diagnostic accuracy study.","authors":"Chenyan Yuan, Ting Zhang, Juan Huo, Wenxue Liang, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-04980-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-04980-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is crucial for clinical management of infectious diseases. While Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed pathogen detection, Third-generation sequencing (TGS) offers advantages in real-time analysis and long-read capabilities. This study comprehensively compares the diagnostic performance of NGS and TGS across diverse clinical samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective diagnostic accuracy study involving 105 clinical samples (58 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, 28 whole blood, 19 other body fluids) from patients with suspected infections. All samples were analyzed using both NGS (BGI platform) and TGS (Nanopore platform). Diagnostic performance was evaluated against a composite reference standard incorporating clinical diagnosis, microbiological culture, and laboratory findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NGS demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity compared to TGS (95.9% vs. 82.4%, p < 0.001), while TGS showed superior specificity (87.1% vs. 64.5%, p = 0.012). The overall agreement between platforms was 85.7% (Kappa = 0.702). NGS exhibited particular advantages in viral detection (32 vs. 8 detections, p < 0.001) and fungal identification (28 vs. 18 detections, p = 0.023), whereas both technologies showed comparable bacterial detection capabilities. The area under the ROC curve was 0.92 for NGS and 0.85 for TGS. Turnaround time was significantly shorter for TGS (median 8 h vs. 30 h, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NGS and TGS demonstrate complementary strengths in clinical pathogen detection. NGS offers superior sensitivity and enhanced detection of viral and fungal pathogens, making it suitable for comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. TGS provides rapid results with higher specificity, advantageous for time-critical clinical decisions. A combined or scenario-specific approach may optimize pathogen detection in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology in aflatoxin management: emerging tools for rapid detection and post-harvest control in grains.","authors":"Sufail Parakkathodi, Prince Chawla, Mukul Kumar, Gulden Goksen, Deepika Kaushik, Aarti Bains","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-04988-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-04988-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin contamination in stored grains due to its severe health effects, economic losses, and persistence under post-harvest conditions remains a critical global food safety challenge. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, poses significant mutagenic, hepatotoxic, and immunosuppressive risks. Conventional detection techniques including HPLC, LC-MS, and ELISA offer high sensitivity but are limited by complex instrumentation, lack of field applicability and high cost. Recent advancements in nanotechnology for rapid detection and effective mitigation of aflatoxins provide transformative solutions. The present review comprehensively discusses nanoparticle-based biosensors including metallic nanoparticles, carbon and graphene quantum dots, up-conversion nanoparticles, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) techniques for ultra-sensitive and onsite detection of AFB1. Detection limits ranging from pg/mL to ng/mL levels demonstrate the excellent analytical performance of nanotechnology-driven systems. Furthermore, nanocomposites, nano-encapsulated antifungal agents, green-synthesized nanoparticles, and nanoparticle-mediated RNA interference approaches for their role in suppressing fungal growth and inhibiting aflatoxin biosynthesis are emphasized. Mechanistic insights reveal that nanoparticles induce reactive oxygen species generation, gene downregulation in aflatoxin biosynthetic pathways, and structural toxin degradation. Additionally, nanocomposite-based grain storage materials improve barrier properties, reducing moisture and fungal proliferation. Despite promising advancements, concerns regarding nanoparticle toxicity, environmental accumulation, regulatory compliance, and large-scale implementation remain critical challenges. Overall, nanotechnology offers a multifunctional, sensitive, and sustainable strategy for strengthening aflatoxin detection, detoxification, and post-harvest management systems, thereby enhancing global grain safety and food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and partial characterization of OmpF and LsrB as putative Actinobacillus seminis testosterone receptors.","authors":"Gerardo A Ramírez-Paz-Y-Puente, Martha O Salcedo-Álvarez, Miguel A Avalos-Rangel, Candelario Vázquez-Cruz, Elena Cobos-Justos, Patricia Sánchez-Alonso, Edgar Zenteno, Erika P Meneses-Romero, Erasmo Negrete-Abascal","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-04921-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-04921-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actinobacillus seminis causes epididymitis in ruminants and spontaneous abortion. A. seminis virulence factors remain unknown; however, it has been shown that testosterone increased bacterial growth, adhesins expression, and protease expression, as well as biofilm production, suggesting the presence of a bacterial receptor for this hormone. The present study reported the isolation of two potential testosterone receptors from A. seminis grown in the presence of testosterone. A 75 kDa and a 55 kDa proteins were isolated from bacterial lysate with triazine orange-Sepharose CL6B column or with immobilized testosterone on polystyrene plates, respectively. Mass spectrometry identified the 75 kDa as the periplasmic LsrB, and the 55 kDa as the outer membrane OmpF from A. seminis. Molecular docking showed OmpF and LsrB interaction with testosterone in 59% and 55%, respectively. Testosterone plus furanone C-30 inhibits the expression of those proteins diminished bacterial growth, adhesin and protease expression. Cloning A. seminis lsrB into E. coli M15 strain improves clone development in a dose-dependent manner and induces the expression of proteases and putative adhesins. These findings strongly suggest that host testosterone could play a significant role in A. seminis pathogenesis, through OmpF and LsrB as testosterone receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory effects of esculetin as a quorum sensing inhibitor on biofilm formation and virulence factors in Vibrio anguillarum.","authors":"Qinghua Yu, Xiaomin Xie, Hongming Tang, Yuqian Wang, Yunpeng Wu, Ruogu Zhang, Qi Gao, Zhixin Guo, Shigen Ye, Han Zhou, Weijia Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-04992-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-04992-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vibrio anguillarum (V. anguillarum) causes vibriosis in aquaculture, with pathogenicity regulated by quorum sensing (QS). Inhibiting QS is a promising anti-virulence strategy. Plant-derived compounds are attractive due to their safety and low resistance potential. Here, we screened 33 natural compounds and found that esculetin, a coumarin, inhibited V. anguillarum with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 40 mg/L. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, esculetin effectively reduced biofilm formation and its key component extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by 45.84% and 27.23%, respectively. Additionally, esculetin reduced bacterial swarming and swimming motility diameters by 6.67% and 25.76%, respectively, while partially suppressing extracellular protease and hemolytic activities. RT-qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR) analyses revealed that esculetin downregulated genes associated with the QS system (vanR, rpoN, vanT, and vanO) and virulence phenotypes (ompU, flaB, and hlyU). Molecular docking and dynamics simulations indicated that esculetin interacts with VanR and VanT proteins, with a stronger binding stability observed for VanT. In conclusion, esculetin acts as an effective QS inhibitor and shows potential as a novel candidate drug for controlling V. anguillarum infections, offering a new approach for the prevention and treatment of aquatic vibriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"rDNA-mediated multicopy integration and gene dosage quantification system for microbial zeaxanthin biosynthesis.","authors":"Ruijing Ling, Shuting Hou, Xiangzhao Mao, Francesco Secundo, Wei Zhou, Meiyi Xi, Yang Xiao, Bei Gao","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-04993-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-04993-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zeaxanthin is an oxygenated carotenoid with established physiological functions in ocular health and antioxidant protection. Currently, industrial zeaxanthin production relies primarily on plant extraction and chemical synthesis, which is costly and poses a significant environmental burden. Microbial biosynthesis offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative, where the gene dosage of key enzymes critically influences biosynthetic performance. However, optimizing copy number remains challenging for pathways requiring tandem insertion of introduced genes into limited genomic loci. Accordingly, this study developed a genetic system rNTS, which targets the ribosomal non-transcribed spacer region for one-step, high-copy integration of multiple genes and direct assessment of gene dosage effects. Fluorescence Intensity Ratios (FIRs) served as indicators for the direct and quantitative estimation of gene copy number and the selection of optimal dosage. An individual rNTSi (integration) vector integrated up to 40 single-gene copies, while parallel rNTSi vectors enabled multi-gene strains totaling 20 copies with independent visual selection. Following marker removal with rNTSr (removal) vector via the Cre/LoxP system, selection markers were efficiently reused for iterative integrations to achieve 32 copies. Applying rNTS to zeaxanthin biosynthesis rapidly identified the optimal dosage of the rate-limiting enzyme CrtZ, yielding titers of 1.10 g/L under glucose fermentation and 1.19 g/L under methanol-induced fermentation. Owing to its high efficiency, multi-gene copy number readability, and iterative integration capacity, the rNTS strategy offers an additional solution for quantitative gene-dosage assessment and microbial biosynthetic pathway optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the regulatory role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in structural gene expression of the malolactic enzyme operon using a GFP/mCherry model.","authors":"Zixian Liu, Mingyue Ji, Fangkun Zhao, Dandan Wang, Yue Li, Yongfeng Yi, Min Wang, Jianxin Tan","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-04999-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-04999-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malolactic fermentation (MLF) in wine relies on Oenococcus oeni, in which the mleA and mleP genes are translationally coupled. To explore the post-transcriptional regulation involved, we constructed parallel GFP/mCherry reporter systems that mimic both the native overlapping (translationally coupled) structure and an engineered non-overlapping (non-coupled) structure. Through site-directed SD2 mutagenesis coupled with computational prediction of 16 S rRNA hybridization energy (ΔG) and minimum free energy (MFE) of mRNA secondary structure, we quantified the effect of intergenic sequence features on translation efficiency. In the translational coupling system of Escherichia coli, expression ratios (GFP/MCH) varied from 3.58 to 8.58 across variants, while in the non-coupled system, they ranged from 1.54 to 3.09. In non-coupled constructs, downstream gene expression increased under independent SD2 control, consistent with its conserved function. However, in the coupling system, the strongest SD2 (GGAGG) markedly suppressed it, revealing a nonlinear, architecture-specific regulatory logic. The different variants were also expressed in the translational coupling system of Lactococcus lactis, and the expression ratio patterns of the upstream and downstream genes across the variants were consistent with those observed in E. coli. This indicated that SD2 had the same regulatory effect on coupling gene expression ratios in both L. lactis and E. coli. Our findings demonstrate that translational coupling establishes precise protein expression regulation through the integrated effects of upstream translation and local mRNA structure. This work elucidates a key post-transcriptional tuning layer in prokaryotic operons, providing a predictive framework for both the rational engineering of O. oeni to optimize MLF and the design of proportionally controlled multi-gene systems in synthetic biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of antimicrobial peptides expressed by Tetraselmis subcordiformis (Wille) butcher improves the health of turbot via oral administration.","authors":"Yunyun Liu, Xinhui Jie, Jiaqing Wang, Subing Han, Ping Liu, Chunxiao Meng, Hui Wang, Zhengquan Gao, Yulin Cui","doi":"10.1007/s11274-026-05003-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-026-05003-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To mitigate bacterial infections in aquaculture caused by antibiotic overuse, two highly effective antimicrobial peptides, AS-CATH4 and ALFPm3, were introduced into turbot aquaculture in this study. A microalgal chloroplast expression system was established in Tetraselmis subcordiformis through tandem expression of these two exogenous antimicrobial peptides. This system was then used to produce microalgal feed for turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). The in vitro antimicrobial capacity and in vivo functional effects on turbot were evaluated. The results indicated that the engineered microalgal strain (ASD) containing the two antimicrobial peptides stably expressed these peptides and exhibited inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and V. splendens. Feeding turbot with commercial feed mixed with ASD downregulated inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8R in the gut and liver of turbot, thereby modulating inflammatory responses. Simultaneously, this treatment modulated the dynamic equilibrium of the gut microbiota by remodeling the abundance and diversity of gut bacteria. In conclusion, this study provides strong evidence for the use of microalgae oral delivery systems to deliver antimicrobial peptides, thereby enhancing the immunity of aquatic organisms and regulating the function of their gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":23703,"journal":{"name":"World journal of microbiology & biotechnology","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}