Cognition, Communication, Discourse最新文献

{"title":"Methodological potential of the cognitive model of the person’s spiritual being pyramid","authors":"A. Kalyta, O. Klymenyuk","doi":"10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-04","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the authors, on the basis of a systemic approach, analyze the methodological potential of a cognitive model representing the pyramid of the person’s spiritual being. This article focuses on the main requirements for modeling cognitive processes on the plane of the individual’s spiritual being differentiated into existential, mental, transcendental spheres, and consciousness. Research results emphasize that, in the existential sphere of the individual’s spiritual being, cognitive processes are based on his/her emotional (unconscious) thinking. The mental sphere, which together with the transcendental one forms a sub-conscious psychic level, is characterized by emotional type of thinking. In the transcendental sphere, the acts of cognition are realized by means of rational thinking, while the consciousness controls the results of cognitive processes’ self-development solely on a logical basis. By synthesizing the ideas of modern most productive systemic and synergetic methods, the authors substantiate the use of a systemic approach to the formation of a universal synergetic model of the self-development of speaking-and-thinking and thinking-and-acting processes in the person’s spiritual sphere. The paper also proves practically unlimited methodological potential of the cognitive universal model of the pyramid of the individual’s spiritual being; and draws up a methodological perspective of its wider application not only in the field of linguistic, psychological and social studies, but also in historical, economic, political and other areas of knowledge that deal with the individual’s speaking-and-thinking and thinking-and-acting activities in the processes of person’s communicative, intellectual and transformative behavior.","PeriodicalId":237005,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Communication, Discourse","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134465197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approximation and metaphor in Italian nominative strategy","authors":"Simona Mercantini","doi":"10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-05","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses nominative strategies in the Italian language and deals with miscellaneous cases which cannot be described in terms of direct nomination. In particular, I consider approximation and metaphor as two complementary means used by the speaker to characterize the concept. Approximation and metaphor are semantic categories with a specific system of rules. According to their specific semantic properties, approximatives “stretch” the semantic field of a concept so that it can be applied to different situations, leading to a fuzzy description of the situation; metaphors, on the contrary, clearly identify some aspects of a fuzzy situation so that it can become more comprehensible for the listener. Both approximative and metaphorical operators are used for redefining a concept and for changing its range of applicability. In this article is given a definition of approximatives and metaphors and then a description of their semantic properties, including the pragmatic information they convey. I also give an original classification of approximatives, dividing them in two different groups – graduating and boundary approximatives. Both approximative and metaphorical operators allow speakers to convey their subjective relationship to the described situation: this article analyses the different kind of the speaker’s assessment on the base of the selected operator, approximative rather than metaphor. Approximative and metaphorical cases differ very much depending on the linguistic local culture: in Ukraine, English, Russian and Italian we have different systems of approximatives or metaphors and they convey different meanings. The article also provides a detailed illustration of the assessment process of metaphors related to food in Italian linguistic culture.","PeriodicalId":237005,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Communication, Discourse","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131386136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender stereotypes in Australian newspaper texts: a cognitive linguistic aspect","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to expose gender stereotypes embodied in the descriptions of men and women found in the Australian newspaper THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD (sections “Family” and “Relations”). The analyzed newspaper texts epitomize journalistic style texts and provide coverage of societal issues, discuss, vindicate and propagate certain ideas and form public opinion. They are mostly ideologically charged which presupposes the appearance of entrenched images which may contain either positive or negative evaluative component. Such images eventually develop into stereotypes – culturally conditioned, coherent and hardwired mental structures serving as a schematic standard feature of an object, event or phenomenon. Among a great gamut of stereotypes I focus on gender stereotypes, a consistent, simplified and emotionally charged behavioral pattern and character traits of males and/or females manifested in all aspects of human life. They represent an embodiment of cognition aimed at the environment and symptomatic of certain social strata. Since stereotypes are not only the elements of journalistic text ideology but constituents of the human cognitive sphere as well, I analyzed them employing the methodology of cognitive linguistics, namely the basic frames theory. Basic frames are schematic mental structures which form the backbone of our informational system. The frames consist of propositional schemas containing static and dynamic characteristics of an object under scrutiny. The analysis results reveal the list of typical features of males and females which proved to contain both universal qualities (sincerity, romanticism, amiability) and those characteristics which are stereotypically associated with representatives of a certain sex. Thus, modern men are mostly depicted as adulterous and selfish, yet chivalrous and virile, while modern women are independent and ambitious. Such portraits of average males and females are regarded as gender stereotypes symptomatic of Australian society in the early 21st century.","PeriodicalId":237005,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Communication, Discourse","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126318314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prosodic organization of English utterances of sympathy","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2218-2926-2020-21-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2020-21-05","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is a complex study of prosodic organization of English utterances of sympathy. The research is based on functional and communicative approaches to the study of oral communication and is conducted within the framework of psycho-energetic, social and cultural aspects. In order to objectify the data obtained and explain the dynamic interplay of the speakers’ pragmatic aims and their cultures of micro- and macro-societies we also used the apparatus of linguistic synergetics. All the experimental utterances were classified according to their pragmatic orientation, type of communicative situation, speakers’ social statuses, their social and cultural levels and the level of the utterance emotional and pragmatic potentials. On the auditory analysis stage we found out a set of prosodic means typical of English utterances of sympathy having a definite pragmatic orientation (sympathy proper, compassion, consolation, encouragement). Besides, we singled out the invariant intonation pattern and specific features of its variant realizations. The analysis of video data allowed us to describe the interplay of prosodic means with paralinguistic, lexical and grammatical means as well as define the role of phonetic means in proper decoding of sincerity or insincerity of English utterances of sympathy. Acoustic analysis enabled us to instrumentally verify the data obtained during the auditory stage of the experiment and identify the variant and invariant patterns of English utterances of sympathy prosodic organization. Linguistic interpretation of the obtained results made it possible to model the synergetic processes of the utterances of sympathy self-development based on the individuals’ personal communicative experience acquired within his/her micro- and macro-societies cultures. Using such modeling, we managed to identify that generation and actualization of sympathy of a certain pragmatic type is only possible due to the presence of phonoconcepts prototypes in the individual’s memory, which, in their turn, are able to form one of the four invariant intonation patterns.","PeriodicalId":237005,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Communication, Discourse","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125491460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of the concept CANADA in English-Canadian poetic texts of the 18th–21st centuries","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-08","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the trends of historical dynamics of linguistic and cognitive characteristics of the concept Canada in English-Canadian poetic texts of the 18th–21st centuries. This research deploys a complex semantic and cognitive analysis of its lexical-semantic nominative means of poetic texts. As a result specific features of national, cultural and author’s knowledge encoded in the poetic texts are identified and classified. The lexical nominative means of the concept Canada are viewed in terms of two groups of nominative means: direct and figurative. All the nominations are classified according to several criteria. Direct and figurative nominative means of the concept Canada variously characterize physical, geographical, territorial, demographic, social, political, historical, and cultural features of the Canadian state. The variability in priority of thematic nomination groups of the concept Canada in different historical periods of the statehood formation reveals the influence of the extralingual factors on the authors’ selection of nominative means of the concept Canada. The concept Canada combines the features of both a literary, cultural and a toponymic concept. It has been modeled as a complex two-component structure that includes a sensory-notional and a figurative component. Historically conditioned transformations of the structural components of the concept Canada is interpreted in terms of its invariant and diachronically variable linguistic and cognitive characteristics. During three periods of Canadian history, the transformations of the structural components of the concept Canada reveal themselves as either the hierarchic shifts of the literary concepts-slots in the sensory-notional component or as the variability of the set of conceptual metaphors in its figurative component.","PeriodicalId":237005,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Communication, Discourse","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123123627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In search of identity: trauma and irony in the cognitive light","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2218-2926-2020-20-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2020-20-02","url":null,"abstract":"For many decades Scottish Literature has produced characters that fitted well within the atmosphere of despair and inferiority undergone by the Scottish nation in the course of its history. The question of identity being at its heart, Scottish Literature has revealed a specific feature consisting in the frequent occurrence of traumatized, dual and split personalities. These are protagonists who in the force of Scotland’s history are traumatized and symbolize Scotland’s remarkable tradition of despair and the feeling of inferiority and powerlessness. However, a closer look at the contemporary Scottish female writing permits to take a new angle for exploring identity. Our approach accounts for the role of irony and humor that the characters provide. The fact of incongruity / trauma vs. irony/ creates a basis for insightful explorations of the dual essence of identity in A.L. Kennedy’s and J. Galloway’s writing in the light of such counter-concepts as emotional fulfillment vs. isolation, feminist vs. domestic expectations. Thus, our research within the frames of “Caledonian polysyzygy” aims at showcasing how and in what ways the cognitive study of the ironic component can contribute to the revelation of different aspects of identity crisis and survival. The features of the expression of irony are brought out with the help of cognitive metaphor, hyperbole, comparison, etc. It is argued that irony is based on the author's vision of the world and is characterized by the presence of explicit and hidden meanings which accounts for the clash between the vision and the reality. It is established that irony, a crucial aspect in the works of the mentioned authors, is a multi-layered cognitive and discursive phenomenon that aims to highlight the collision between thinking and reality.","PeriodicalId":237005,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Communication, Discourse","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125127643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enactive meaning-making in the discourse of theatre and film","authors":"I. Shevchenko","doi":"10.26565/2218-2926-2019-19-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2019-19-01","url":null,"abstract":"1. Approaches to meaning-making in multimodal discourse Interest in the broad multimodal issues of theatre and film by philologists and language scholars has increased over the years with the growing role of media in society. There have also been multidisciplinary studies that apply and develop discourse, cognitive, intersubjective and intersemiotic approaches to the analysis of meaning-making in theatre and film. All of them are rooted in theories of semiosis, underpinned by the Peirce model comprising a sign, an object, and an interpretant, providing a translation of the sign. Lately, the growing interest to interpretation has stipulated a “meaning-making turn” in numerous studies of literature, theatre and film. In cinematic and theatre discourse studies, there is a broad variety of approaches to meaningmaking, which share the ideas of ‘added’ information in a screen version or play as compared to the original literary text, on the one hand, and of meaning ‘negotiated’ in theatre or film with the help of various semiotic resources, on the other. As Bateman and Schmidt (2012, p. 4) put it,","PeriodicalId":237005,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Communication, Discourse","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122222456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emblematic journeys: Gianni Rodari in the USSR","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-02","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the success of the works of the Italian children’s writer Gianni Rodari in the Soviet Union. One of the reasons for Gianni Rodari’s success in his native Italy lies in his previous popularity in the Soviet Union, thanks to early translations of his works by Samuil Marshak and his numerous visits to the USSR beginning in the 1950s. A committed communist, Rodari wanted to get a better understanding of the country that he admired so much. However, his political attitude was not narrow-minded; he investigated the Soviet education system and style of upbringing and communicated with his readers – Soviet children. In Cipollino, the author created a universally acknowledged ideal of a good and honorable hero who fights for freedom, plays in earnest, laughs at difficulties and strives to grow up into a responsible citizen. There are two main factors that contributed to the success of Rodari’s works with Soviet readers: first, their material contains an in-depth interpretation of the concept of utopia. Rodari understood utopia not as an abstraction but as a real responsibility of humanity for its better future. Second, in his creative work, the author pays great attention to folk art, which is a theme running through his rhymes, fairy tales, and stories. Folk tradition was a fundamental element both in Italian children’s literature and the Soviet children’s literature promoted by Marshak and other prominent writers for children in the first half of 20th century. These two vectors are perfectly combined in Cipollino, a favourite character with Soviet children, whose adventures are still being translated and staged in theatres outside Italy. The interaction of these vectors explains why the Italian writer is still widely read and loved, his poems are included in school syllabi, and his words are acquiring a new meaning in the 21st century. The article also reveals the reasons for the lasting popularity of Gianni Rodari’s translated works in intersemiotic cultural space of film and cartoons, ballet etc in Russia, Ukraine and other post-Soviet states.","PeriodicalId":237005,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Communication, Discourse","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125877045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Specifics of Precedent Names as a Factor of Cognitive Equivalence in Translation","authors":"","doi":"10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2019-18-09","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims at establishing cultural and cognitive factors influencing the translation of precedent names (PNs). As a prototypical means of conveying firmly established meanings, PNs reveal cognitive mechanisms of expressing the most relevant values through metaphors. Functioning both at the linguistic and cognitive level, PNs accumulate characteristics of stereotype, prototype, metaphor and intertext jointly forming the concept of precedence which determines the degree of cognitive equivalence in case of PNs translation. We claim that cognitive equivalence is the principal criterion for successful PNs rendering since it allows for maximum possible correspondence of the meanings the author embodied in the name and those actualized in the mind of the target reader. The highest degree of cognitive equivalence correlates with preservation of all the elements of precedence, though some of them may be sacrificed to ensure integrity at the level of the entire message. Differences in conceptualizing reality by various cultures lead to discrepancies in the perception of certain phenomena or even loss of precedence inherent in a name when transferred to the target culture. Whether consciously or unconsciously, the translator attempts to establish the scope of PNs use both in the source and target cultures. Proceeding from the cultural status of PNs, (s)he seeks to anticipate if a direct equivalent of the original name invoke the image intended by the author. If in the receiving culture, a PN appeals to a different meaning not established as the prototype of the necessary quality or does not actualize any image, the translator uses transformations aimed at compensating the lack of background knowledge for a potential reader. The degree of transformations the translator resorts to depends heavily on the cleavage between the source and target cultural environment and, consequently, the meanings PNs will communicate for the readers of the original and the translation. The strategies translators employ in literary translation support the hypothesis of the research concerning the interrelationship among the cultural identity of PNs, methods of their translation and the degree of cognitive equivalence achievable against the background of culture-specific constraints.","PeriodicalId":237005,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Communication, Discourse","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129481109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Event concept of EMPATHY in English juvenile fantasy prose","authors":"O. Doichyk, N. Ivanotchak","doi":"10.26565/2218-2926-2020-21-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2020-21-01","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the research of lingual cognitive and pragmatic aspects of empathy in juvenile fantasy prose. It reveals the nature of empathy from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, linguistic emotiology, and pragmalinguistics. The properties of empathy verbalization in juvenile fantasy prose are researched, namely the lexical and grammatical means of verbalization of the corresponding concepts and empathic illocutionary types of psychological support in discursive contexts of the English juvenile fantasy prose. The implementation of both pragmatic and lingual cognitive research findings in the light of cognitive-discursive paradigm revealed the basis of empathy conceptualization and the multifaceted empathic context. The interpretation of empathy meaning is performed by means of schematic cognitive mapping, as well as via establishing the correlation of empathy determinants in discursive contexts which present the communicative strategy of empathy. The componential analysis of definitions of various affective and cognitive states and processes connected with empathy, such as compassion, understanding, sympathy etc., as well as their antonyms, and determination of weight, status and hierarchy of the corresponding semes in vocabulary definitions, showed that generally accepted and empirically proved division of empathy into affective and cognitive is reflected in the language. The analyses revealed affective (feeling, sympathy, sorrow) cognitive (knowledge, ability, understanding) semes in the definitions of empathy types attributing them to either affective or cognitive group. Types of empathy, which belong to the same affective or cognitive group, are not equal in the degree of empathy manifestation. The factor or driving force for upgrading (or downgrading) to a different level is action. While partly addressing social functioning, empathy is turned to cognition and emotion, thus being framed as a social psychological event concept. As an event concept empathy emerges in consciousness and in verbal behavior under the influence of human activity in a certain communicative-pragmatic situation, arising in a variety of constituents of the cognitive and affective parcels of the domain of empathy and unfolding in two scripts which reflect its active and passive manifestations.","PeriodicalId":237005,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Communication, Discourse","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123040550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}