Veterinary Research Communications最新文献

{"title":"Molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease virus during the first outbreak of lumpy skin disease in Northern Himalayas, India.","authors":"Shaista Akhter, Sabahat Gazal, Gulzar Badroo, Mohd Altaf Bhat, Deep Shikha, Shaheen Farooq, Sundus Gazal, Anvesha Bhan, Jaswinder Soodan, Abhimanyu Koul, Anish Yadav, Asma Andrabi, Nawab Nashiruddullah, Biswajit Brahma, Rajinder Bhardwaj, Anil Taku, Pervaiz Dar, Mohd Yaqoob Wani, Neelesh Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10666-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10666-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly contagious and fatal transboundary viral disease of cattle and water buffaloes caused by the Lumpy Skin Disease virus (LSDV) which belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus of the Poxviridae family. The disease causes huge economic impact and has been listed as a notifiable disease by World Organization for Animal Health. We present the molecular epidemiology of an LSD outbreak, the first-ever outbreak of the disease in the Union Territory (UT) of Jammu and Kashmir, India; a region lying in Northern Himalayas. During the outbreak, 1661 samples were collected from clinically affected, in-contact cattle as well as apparently healthy animals and screened for LSDV by qPCR. From these 1661 samples, 643 (38.7%) were found positive. Five LSDV-positive samples were randomly selected and the GPCR gene was amplified, cloned and sequenced. A 12-nucleotide deletion was observed in the GPCR gene when compared to the 2019 Indian LSDV isolate from Odhisa, India. Based on the data obtained by qPCR analysis, the occurrence of LSD was determined with respect to the age, sex and breed of the animals. Furthermore, ticks collected from the affected animals and flies on the farm were identified and were found positive for LSDV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 2","pages":"102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new technology for a novel clinical approach in a dog with a complex vascular anomaly: the \"extended reality\".","authors":"Simone Cupido, Federica Valeri, Stefano Nicoli, Paolo Bargellini, Domenico Caivano, Francesco Birettoni, Andrea Bortolotti, Mark Rishniw, Francesco Porciello","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10668-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10668-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extended reality includes both virtual and augmented realities. In virtual reality objects are rendered in an artificial environment where the user can move and interact with a head mounted display. In augmented reality virtual objects are superimposed to real environment enriching it via a head mounted display. In human medicine these technologies have been already used for educational surgical purposes, but remain relatively unknown in veterinary medicine. We report a case of a 1-year-old, female, French bulldog presented for exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Echocardiography showed signs of left ventricular enlargement with reduced fractional shortening and turbulent flow distal to the pulmonary artery bifurcation. Computed tomography revealed a complex vascular network comprising the descending aorta and left pulmonary artery resembling a patent ductus arteriosus. Virtual reality was used for the surgical planning and a left thoracotomy was performed to close the abnormal vessel at the level of the entrance in the left pulmonary artery with augmented reality assistance. No complications were reported during or after the surgery and the dog completely recovered. Echocardiographic findings 3 days, 1 month and 18 months after the surgery demonstrated absence of residual flow and improving ventricular dimensions. To our knowledge this report documents the first use of extended reality for the visualization, planning and execution of the surgical correction of a complex vascular defect in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 2","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11805765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of a supernumerary root of the right mandibular second molar in a Staffordshire terrier: a case report.","authors":"Javier Collados, Manuel Fuertes-Recuero, Carlos A Rice","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10669-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10669-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of a supernumerary root is an uncommon dental condition in canine patients, referring to an extra root that forms in a tooth beyond the standard number of roots that are typically expected for that specific tooth. It is a developmental anomaly most commonly observed in large-breed dogs, often as an incidental finding. These supernumerary roots may result from a disruption of the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, which is responsible for root formation. A 3-year-old Staffordshire terrier presented for a complete oral examination under general anesthesia. The initial intraoral radiographic examination revealed a suspected crown-root fracture of the right mandibular second molar tooth (410). A radiographic examination using the parallel technique, a supernumerary root was identified ruling out the suspected crown-root fracture of 410. The supernumerary root did not require treatment as it was not associated with any pathology or clinical signs. This case report highlights the importance of full-mouth intraoral radiography in the diagnosis of unusual dental conditions, such as supernumerary roots, whose presence may become clinically relevant especially if treatment of a particular tooth becomes necessary. Radiographic technique, positioning and interpretation are essential to avoid misdiagnosis and potential negative consequences for the patient as well as guiding the clinician in making appropriate treatment choices. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the presence of a supernumerary root in a mandibular second molar in a dog has not been previously reported in the veterinary dental literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 2","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of atypical porcine pestivirus in piglets affected by congenital tremor in Poland.","authors":"Agata Augustyniak, Arkadiusz Dors, Rafał Niemyjski, Dominik Łagowski, Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10670-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10670-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital tremors are neurological disorders of newborn piglets that may lead to serious health consequences, including increased mortality. Many reports have indicated that atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), first identified in 2015, is a possible cause of this condition. In different countries, APPV was detected in farms affected by piglets' congenital tremors. There is a lack of data regarding the presence of this virus in Poland. However, swine veterinarians report outbreaks of congenital tremor with unestablished aetiology nationwide. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the presence of APPV in piglets with congenital tremors in Poland. Samples of blood (2), faecal swabs (7), brain (7), cerebellum (5), spinal cord, (7) lymph nodes (7), tonsil (7), thymus (6), tongue (7), heart (7), lung (7) and liver (7) were collected from piglets. Form sows' blood (5) and oral fluid (3, pooling samples) were collected. All samples have been derived from a commercial breeding farm reporting a case of congenital tremor and subjected to the qPCR via commercial kit (EXOone Atypical Porcine Pestivirus, Exopol, Spain). Six out of seven piglets tested positive for APPV, with the highest viral loads detected in the cerebellum and tonsils. All samples from sows were negative, emphasising the virus's specificity to piglets. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report confirming APPV's presence in Poland. Given the potentially significant impact of APPV infections on swine health and production economics, further research evaluating the epidemiology and pathogenicity of APPV, as well as identifying preventive measures, is sorely needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 2","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first morphological and molecular identification of Quilonia sp. (Nematoda: Strongylidae) from wild Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in China.","authors":"Jieyao Zhu, Mingpeng Hou, Shaoyun Zhang, Xiaoxia Yan, Ling Tang","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10671-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10671-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is classified as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In China, approximately 300 individuals remain in the wild. Parasitic infections are significant concerns both human and animal medicine, especially within wildlife. However, there are currently no photomicrographs and genetic data available for parasites from wild Asian elephants in China. In order to preliminarily investigate parasitic infections of the wild Asian elephants in China, we collected faecal samples from a wild, vagrant male elephant for this study. Here, we provided photomicrographs with larval Quilonia sp.. Concurrently, the partial ITS (internal transcribed spacer) gene of Quilonia sp. was cloned, sequenced using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique, and subjected to bioinformatic analysis. Morphological identification of Quilonia sp. was conducted, revealing a rod-like anterior structure, short esophagus, tapered tail, thick cuticle, and a length exceeding 500 μm. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that BND-ITS (ITS gene of the specimen) belongs to the Quilonia sp.. The present study also will enhance the current understanding of the taxonomy of Quilonia sp., support long-term health monitoring of Asian elephants in China, and contribute to future genomic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 2","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"XY disorder of sexual development in a dog: a case study by histopathology, genotyping and karyotyping.","authors":"Maria Eduarda Mirabelo de Oliveira, Marcella Araujo Cebim, Mariana Semião Francisco Talib, Marcelo Faustino, Maria José de Jesus Silva, Marcelo Demarchi Goissis, Lilian Rose Marques de Sá, Camila Infantosi Vannucchi","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10664-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10664-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to report a case of sexual ambiguity in a 3-yr mongrel dog and its respective etiological approach. There was a complaint of trauma and pinpoint bleeding in a chronical exposed structure, which examination indicated to be penis-like with perineoscrotal insertion and ventral hypospadia, surrounded by skin folds that resembled vulvar labia majora or hypoplastic prepuce. No evident scrotum and testicles were noted. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed ectopic testicles and an undefined structure filled with high-cellularity content in close contact with the prostate dorsal wall. The dog underwent exploratory laparotomy, revealing structures morphologically compatible with testicles and epididymides, connected by a tubular structure macroscopically resembling uterine horns, which was subjected to histopathological analysis and genotyping. For the external genitalia, penectomy was performed, followed by lateral mucosa reinsertion of the urethra, remaining a skin extension with vulvar-lips appearance. Histopathological examination revealed testicular hypoplasia and bilateral epididymal dysplasia and confirmed that the tubular structure was indeed an excessive distended epididymal duct. Blood sample was collected for cytogenetic analysis, which revealed variations in the diploid number (2n = 78, XY) due to addition (2n = 79) or absence of acrocentric autosomal chromosomes (2n < 78). Sex genotyping confirmed a male sex (XY). In conclusion, this clinical case demonstrated a XY disorder of sexual development (male pseudohermaphroditism) due to phenotypic sex ambiguity (ambiguous external genitalia), yet with a non-function degenerated testes and hypertrophic dilation of the epididymides, suggesting a disorder of male hormonal biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 2","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple cutaneous nerve sheath tumours with myxoid differentiation in farmed Russian sturgeons (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Brandt and Ratzeburg 1833).","authors":"Luciana Mandrioli, Ginevra Brocca, Samuele Zamparo, Massimo Orioles, Maria Morini, Luana Cortinovis, Eleonora Fiocchi, Maral Anjomanibenisi, Anna Toffan, Tobia Pretto, Ranieri Verin","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10662-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10662-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sturgeon species are well-suited for aquaculture because of their favourable characteristics, including robustness, suitability for farming in facilities unsuitable for other fish species, and adaptability to diverse farming conditions. The Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, Brandt and Ratzeburg 1833) is one of the most prominent farmed species; however, like other aquaculture species, it is susceptible to significant losses from bacterial and viral diseases. Beyond infectious causes, there are few reports documenting conditions that produce cutaneous masses in Russian sturgeons. This study presents a multidisciplinary investigation of six farmed Russian sturgeons exhibiting discrete, multiple cutaneous masses. Bacteriological analysis of tissue samples revealed the presence of Morganella morganii and Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria, identified as opportunistic bacteria. Virological assays targeting the principal viruses affecting sturgeon, Acipenser iridovirus and Acipenser herpesvirus, yielded negative results. Ultrastructural analysis with direct negative staining revealed no evidence of biological agents. Histologically, the dermal masses were well-demarcated, expansile, and moderately cellular, consisting of spindle-to-stellate neoplastic cells that were multifocally periodic acid-Schiff-positive and embedded in abundant alcianophilic ground substance. Immunohistochemistry with the S-100 antibody confirmed cytoplasmic staining of the neoplastic cells. A final diagnosis of cutaneous nerve sheath tumour with myxoid differentiation was made, replicating findings from a similar tumour in rainbow trout. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first description of multiple cutaneous nerve sheath tumours in sturgeon species. The potential factors contributing to the development of this neoplastic condition are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 2","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic-based adsorbent mitigates aflatoxin B1 toxicity in Piaractus mesopotamicus: assessing well-being via changes in tissue architecture and digestive enzyme activity.","authors":"Henrique M Ziemniczak, Leticia Maria Albuquerque Conceição, Antonio Cesar Godoy, Dacley Hertes Neu, Andressa Tellechea Rodrigues, Cristiane Meldau de Campos, Rubia Mara Gomes Acunha, Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra, Klaus C Saturnino, Ulisses de Pádua Pereira, Claucia A Honorato","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10663-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10663-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus that is present in various foods. Probiotics are well-established products in aquaculture, and due to their effective contribution to the intestine, they can be used as an aflatoxin adsorbent. This study evaluated the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on enzymatic activity and intestinal function in Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu) fingerlings fed diets containing a probiotic-based adsorbent (PBA). Seventy-two fish with an average weight of 12 ± 1.30 g were used in the study. The experiment was conducted over 15 days using a completely randomized design with six diet treatments (AFB1 per kg of formulated diet) and two replicates. These treatments were: control without AFB1; 25.0 µg of AFB1; 400.0 µg of AFB1; control diet without AFB1 + PBA; 25.0 µg of AFB1 + PBA; and 400.0 µg of AFB1 + PBA. After the experimental period, the digestive enzymes protease, amylase, and lipase from the stomach, pyloric caeca, and intestine were quantified. The height and width of the intestinal villi, pyloric caeca, and stomach wall were measured. Fish fed the 400.0 µg of AFB1 diet showed reduced feed consumption, even though they ingested higher amounts of AFB1 compared to those fed the other experimental diets. The best zootechnical performance parameters were observed in fish fed the control diet without AFB1 + PBA. Changes (p < 0.05) were observed in the amount of protease in the stomach, pyloric caeca, and intestine; in the amount of amylase in the intestine; and the amount of lipase in the pyloric caeca and intestine. Changes were observed (p < 0.05) in the length of the stomach wall and the anterior and posterior intestines. Changes in the width of the stomach and anterior intestine walls were observed as a result of diet. Our results suggest that the use of probiotics as an aflatoxin adsorbent in pacu diets is beneficial from a physiological perspective and may also enhance growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 2","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First study confirming the transmission of Trypanosoma vivax in cattle through rectal palpation: how many animals can be infected by reusing the same procedure glove, and what role does iodine play as a disinfectant?","authors":"Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal, Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos, Igor Maciel Lopes de Morais, Luciana Maffini Heller, Vanessa Ferreira Salvador, Artur Siqueira Nunes Trindade, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro Couto, Dina María Beltrán Zapa, Raphaela Bueno Mendes Bittencourt, Lorena Lopes Ferreira, Felipe da Silva Krawczak, Fabiano Antonio Cadioli, Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10657-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10657-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether Trypanosoma vivax is transmitted via rectal palpation in cattle, using the same glove with different blood scores, from an animal with an acute infection of this protozoan. In addition, the efficacy of iodine as disinfectant, together with water with or without the presence of feces, to prevent the transmission of T. vivax in cattle during the rectal palpation process was evaluated in the laboratory and animals. A total of four stages were carried out, using a total of 103 animals. Stage 1 aimed to verify the presence of trypomastigote forms of T. vivax in palpation gloves after rectal palpation. Stage 2 consisted of checking the blood scores on a palpation glove and how many animals become infected with T. vivax through rectal palpation by reusing the same glove with different blood scores. Stage 3 verified the disinfectant action of 0.5% iodine in the laboratory and in the field. Stage 4 verified the disinfectant action of 1% iodine in the field. Based on the results found, for the first time, the transmission of T. vivax via rectal palpation in cattle was proven using the same glove. From one animal with acute infection by this protozoan, two to five other cattle became infected, depending on the glove blood scores. Disinfecting the glove in a 0.5% iodine solution inhibited the transmission rate of T. vivax among cattle by 70 to 80%. Disinfecting the glove in 1% iodine solution was 100% effective. This work fills gaps in the existing literature, as the transmission of T. vivax via rectal palpation in cattle was demonstrated using the same glove.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 2","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiological characterization of multiple recombinant lineages of TJ-C6 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Tianjin, Northern China.","authors":"Yong Li, Cheng Yang, Xin-Lei Li, Jiu-Ying Sun, Ning Cheng, Kai-Yue Wang, Ying-Feng Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11259-025-10659-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11259-025-10659-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent outbreaks of PRRSV in live attenuated vaccine-immunized pig farms in Tianjin, China have raised questions about the etiological characteristics and pathogenicity of the PRRSV variant, which remains unknown. In this study, a multiple lineages recombinant PRRSV strain named TJ-C6, was isolated and identified. Phylogenetic trees and genome homology analyses revealed that TJ-C6 belonged to lineage 1.8 (NADC30-like) and with similar 131 discontinuous amino acid deletion pattern (111-aa + 1-a + 19-aa) in Nsp2-coding region, but it was classified in lineage 1.5 (NADC34-like) cluster based on ORF5 sequence. Furthermore, the recombination analyses revealed that TJ-C6 was a multiple recombinant virus among lineage 1.5(NADC34- like), lineage 1.8(NADC30- like), and lineage 3(GM2-Like) strains with four recombination breakpoints in Nsp9 (nt 7298/8111), ORF2 (nt 12213) and ORF6 (nt 14628), which was different from the previously prevalent PRRSV strain. Challenge experiments with 3-week-old piglets showed that TJ-C6 could cause piglets high fever, loss of appetite and severely histopathological lung lesions. Taken altogether, multiple co-circulating lineages of PRRSV strains in the swine population are accelerating the emergence of natural recombinant strains with variations in pathogenicity and highlight the importance of surveillance of newly emerging PRRSV strains in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":23690,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research Communications","volume":"49 2","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}