Wellcome Open Research最新文献

{"title":"A modified decontamination and storage method for sputum from patients with tuberculosis.","authors":"Nguyen Le Quang, Do Dang Anh Thu, Le Pham Tien Trieu, Nguyen Hong Hanh, Nguyen Huu Lan, Dang Thi Minh Ha, Guy Thwaites, Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong, Timothy M Walker","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18888.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18888.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collecting and storing large number of sputum samples with a view to culturing these in the future requires an efficient initial handling method. We devised a modified sputum digestion and decontamination method that maximised storage capacity and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (M.tb) recovery from culture while minimising laboratory workload and risk of contamination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected smear microscopy positive sputum samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The sputum samples were split and processed using both the standard N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) method and our modified method before freezing and later culturing in BD BACTEC 960 Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) system. We assessed the Time to Positivity (TPP) and Growth Unit (GU) data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We selected 22 sputum samples to compare two digestion and decontamination methods. The samples that underwent the modified method had longer TTP (p < 0.05) but similar GU in comparison to standard method. Overall, 1/22 samples failed to grow in MGIT after being processed by the modified method. We then applied the modified method to 348 sputum samples with Rifampicin resistance detected by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, which were frozen for between 1-25 months. The overall MGIT positive, negative, and contamination rate was 90.5%, 7.8%, and 1.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in MGIT result when samples were grouped by duration of storage or positive smear grade.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our modified method yielded acceptable M.tb recovery rate and low contamination risk while allowing us to collect and store thousands of sputum samples over a long period of time for future tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"8 ","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142112575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of a mirid bug, <i>Stenodema calcarata</i> (Fallen, 1807).","authors":"James McCulloch, Liam M Crowley","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23763.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23763.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a specimen of <i>Stenodema calcarata</i> (mirid bug; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hemiptera; Miridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 575.35 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.42%) is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 19.31 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do social norms influence the sexual and reproductive health of very young adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa? A scoping review protocol.","authors":"Fardawsa Ahmed, Owen Nyamwanza, Alice N Ladur, Jermaine Dambi, Frances Cowan, Webster Mavhu","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23139.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23139.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Introduction Very young adolescents (VYAs, aged 10-14 years) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have the worst sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes of this age group worldwide due to structural, behavioural, socioeconomic and other factors. Social and gender norms have important consequences for the SRH and wellbeing of VYAs both now and over their life course. SRH programming often focuses on older adolescents (aged 15-19 years), overlooking younger ones. This scoping review sets out to explore how social and gender norms influence VYAs' SRH in SSA, in addition to exploring interventions that have been effective, to inform a context-specific intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will employ the methodology developed by Arksey and O'Malley to review the available literature. We will search online databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINHAL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and African Index Medicus) for original studies published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2024. Further, we will perform a manual search to include relevant grey literature. The steps in the review are: 1) defining the research question, 2) identifying relevant studies, 3) selecting studies, 4) charting the data, and 5) collating, summarising, and reporting the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results We will report findings in accordance with the guidance provided in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. We will analyse and summarise data about study characteristics using descriptive statistics. We will use thematic analysis to analyse and summarise key themes and issues. We will triangulate quantitative and qualitative findings.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The review will map the breadth of studies focusing on social and gender norms, and SRH among VYAs, in addition to exploring interventions that have been effective. Findings will help us and others develop context-specific, bespoke interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11894366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Scorched Wing moth, <i>Plagodis dolabraria</i> (Linnaeus, 1767).","authors":"Gavin R Broad, Steph Holt, Laura Sivess, Douglas Boyes","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23761.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23761.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of <i>Plagodis dolabraria</i> (Scorched Wing; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 939.07 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.59%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.97 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recruitment strategies used to enrol healthy volunteers in the first pneumococcal human infection study in Africa: Lessons from Blantyre, Malawi.","authors":"Edna Nsomba, Anthony E Chirwa, Clara Ngoliwa, Vitumbiko Nkhoma, Pemphero Liwonde, Edward Mangani, Modesta Reuben, Lorensio Chimgoneko, Lumbani Makhaza, Evaristar Kudowa, Marc Y R Henrion, Neema Toto, Stephen B Gordon, Dingase Dula","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19271.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19271.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human Infection Studies (HIS) also known as Controlled Human Infection Models (CHIM) are a relatively new concept in African countries to clinicians, scientists, and communities alike. We have introduced HIS/CHIM studies to Malawi during the last four years by developing an experimental human pneumococcal carriage model. This CHIM was used to test the efficacy of a licensed 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) against experimental nasal pneumococcal carriage. Traditional and digital recruitment strategies into this novel trial were explored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe various methods of recruitment in this first CHIM study in Malawi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical trial within the context of which these data were recorded was registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (REF: PACTR202008503507113) on 03 August 2020. The project was conducted at the Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme (MLW) in Blantyre, Malawi between April 2021, and September 2022. Source populations were college students and community members within Blantyre. Recruitment strategies included sharing study information in written or visual form, community sensitization meetings, snowball contacts (word of mouth from previous volunteers), branded clothing and participating in radio and television programs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>299 volunteers attended screening clinic, of whom 278 were recruited. Sixty-six recruited volunteers (23.7%) were college students and 212 (76.3%) were from the community. Snowball word-of-mouth contacting was the most successful recruitment strategy, with 201 (72.3%) participants recruited using this method. 195 (70.1%) were men of whom 149 (76.4%) joined the study through snowballing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion or recommendation: </strong>Using a variety of recruitment strategies led to successful recruitment in this novel controlled human infection study. Most participants were recruited through snowballing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Dotted Footman moth, <i>Pelosia muscerda</i> (Hufnagel, 1767).","authors":"Chris Fletcher, David C Lees","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23766.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23766.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a male <i>Pelosia muscerda</i> (Dotted Footman; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 500.49 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.98%) is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.42 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A chromosomal reference genome sequence for the northern house mosquito, <i>Culex pipiens</i> form <i>pipiens</i>, Linnaeus, 1758.","authors":"Jenny C Hesson, Yuki Haba, Carolyn S McBride, Edel Sheerin, Thomas C Mathers, Michael Paulini, Damon-Lee B Pointon, James W Torrance, Cibin Sadasivan Baby, Jonathan M D Wood, Shane A McCarthy, Mara K N Lawniczak, Alex Makunin","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23767.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23767.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from an individual female <i>Culex pipiens</i> sensu stricto (the northern house mosquito; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Culicidae), from a wild population in Sweden. The genome sequence is 533 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into three chromosomal pseudomolecules. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.6 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Large Birch Bell moth, Large Birch Roller, <i>Epinotia brunnichana</i> (Linnaeus, 1767).","authors":"Douglas Boyes, Finley Hutchinson, Liam M Crowley","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23749.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23749.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female <i>Epinotia brunnichana</i> (Large Birch Bell, Large Birch Roller; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 943.10 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.68%) is scaffolded into 29 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.7 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,003 protein-coding genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the click beetle, <i>Ampedus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus</i> (Schrank, 1776).","authors":"Duncan Sivell, Dmitry Telnov, Michael F Geiser, Maxwell V L Barclay","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23712.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23712.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <i>Ampedus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus</i> (click beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Elateridae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 1,574.76 megabases and 1,572.87 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (97.13%) is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules, while haplotype 2 is a scaffold-level assembly. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.99 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data note on the Avian Contact Study: a questionnaire resource for avian influenza public health planning.","authors":"Amy C Thomas, Suzanne Gokool, Genevieve Clapp, Harry Whitlow, Carmel McGrath, Peter Moore, Maud Helwegen, Mariam Logunleko, Irene Bueno, Mick Bailey, Sarah Masterton, Jo Taylor-Egbeyemi, Ian Brown, Richard Puleston, Riinu Pae, Louise E Smith, Sarah Lambton, Ellen Brooks-Pollock","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23064.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23064.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Avian Contact Study is a cross-sectional questionnaire of poultry workers and other individuals who have contact with domestic and/or wild birds in the UK. The questionnaire was launched online in May 2024 and in-person responses were gathered at the British Pig and Poultry Fair in Birmingham on 15 and 16 May 2024. This Data Note documents questionnaire development, content and delivery methods. Data collected include information on demographics, seasonal influenza vaccination, avian influenza exposure, contact with birds and people, and awareness of avian influenza. This Data Note provides insights into the first data release collected up to 31 July 2024 for 225 respondents. Data have been released as a University of Bristol held dataset available upon request. The Avian Contact Study provides a pilot resource for research into avian influenza from a zoonotic perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}