Wellcome Open Research最新文献

{"title":"Randomised controlled trial of topical combination therapy chlorhexidine 0.2% and natamycin 5% versus topical natamycin 5% alone for fungal keratitis in East Africa: study protocol.","authors":"Jeremy John Hoffman, Simon Arunga, Einoti Matayan, Abel Ebong, Francis Orishaba, William Makupa, Muna Elisante, Reena Yadav, Sandip Das Sanyam, Tara Mtuy, David Macleod, Astrid Leck, Victor H Hu, Matthew J Burton","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.21390.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.21390.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fungal corneal infection (fungal keratitis [FK]) poses significant treatment challenges. The efficacy of current topical antifungals is inconsistent and often limited, especially in low and middle-income countries where the majority of FK cases occur. Topical natamycin 5% is the current primary treatment in many countries, however, a substantial proportion of cases develop progressive disease, even with intensive treatment. Given the limitations of existing antifungal treatments, there is a need for alternative treatment strategies to address this condition.Chlorhexidine, an antiseptic with both antibacterial and antifungal properties, has received attention as a potential therapeutic agent. While a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Nepal demonstrated the superiority of natamycin over chlorhexidine, a pilot study in Uganda has indicated a possible role for adjunctive chlorhexidine 0.2% in FK treatment. The contrasting findings necessitate a comprehensive RCT to investigate the potential benefit of adding topical chlorhexidine 0.2% alongside natamycin 5% in the management of FK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will test the hypothesis that topical natamycin 5% in combination with chlorhexidine 0.2% is superior to topical natamycin 5% alone in a two-arm, single-masked RCT (ISRCTN, ISRCTN87195453, registered 27/08/2020, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN87195453). Participants are adults with FK presenting to tertiary ophthalmic hospitals in Tanzania and Uganda. Baseline assessment includes history, examination, photography, in vivo confocal microscopy and corneal scrapes for microbiology. Participants will be randomised to alternative topical antifungal treatments (topical chlorhexidine 0.2% and topical natamycin 5%; 1:1 ratio, 2-6 random block size). Patients will be reviewed at days 2, 7 (with re-culture), 14, 21, month 2, and month 3. The primary outcome is best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) at three months. Primary analysis (intention-to-treat) will be by linear regression, with treatment arm and baseline BSCVA pre-specified covariates. Secondary outcomes include epithelial healing time, scar/infiltrate size, ulcer depth, hypopyon size, perforation and/or therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, and positive re-culture rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences with the Implementation of Cuban Health Cooperation Programs in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Faith Njiriri, Moriasi Nyanchoka, Jacinta Nzinga, Benjamin Tsofa","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23844.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23844.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health systems in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) face chronic Human Resources for Health (HRH) shortages. This is especially worse in rural and primary healthcare settings. The Cuban government since 1960s has been implementing a policy strategy for producing healthcare workers for export, to boost their economy. Several LMICs have since established health cooperation programs with Cuba to import health workers to address their shortages. This review aimed to examine the emergence, design, utility, outcomes, and lessons learned from the implementation of these programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and searched for literature across four databases. Two independent reviewers screened the articles and selected relevant articles based on pre-defined criteria. We extracted data and synthesized findings using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 71 articles after screening 3509 articles. Cuban health cooperation programs have been implemented in many LMICs in South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific region. These programs are formalized primarily through bilateral agreements and implemented as exchange initiatives. This involves importing Cuban healthcare workers and sending collaborating country students to study in Cuba. These programs aimed to address HRH shortages and maldistribution, inadequate training capacity, and respond to medical emergencies in the host countries. Cuban healthcare workers, primarily family physicians, within the host countries; are deployed in primary healthcare settings, increasing the rural health workforce, and improving healthcare access and outcomes. These programs have faced several challenges including opposition from local medical professionals, underutilization due to poorly coordinated recruitment, and language barrier.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cuban health cooperations in LMICs have shown diverse results based on their structures. Long-term comprehensive programs have proven to be more successful in boosting the healthcare workforce and enhancing health outcomes. Key factors for optimizing HRH health cooperation include effective collaborative decision-making and need-based deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna, <i>Thunnus thynnus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758).","authors":"Rebekah A Oomen, Alessia Cariani, Louise Chavarie, Agostino Leone, Adriana Vella, Noel Vella, Gustav Hellström, Tomas Brodin, Andreas Sundelöf, Mark Blaxter, Ann M Mc Cartney, Giulio Formenti, Alice Mouton, Fausto Tinti, Fulvio Garibaldi, Petter Lundberg","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23971.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23971.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a specimen of <i>Thunnus thynnus</i> (Atlantic Bluefin Tuna; Chordata; Actinopteri; Scombriformes; Scombridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 799.05 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.17%) is scaffolded into 24 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.53 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 23,266 protein-coding genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From smoking cessation to physical activity: Can ontology-based methods for automated evidence synthesis generalise across behaviour change domains?","authors":"Oscar Castro, Emma Norris, Alison J Wright, Emily Hayes, Ella Howes, Candice Moore, Robert West, Susan Michie","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.21664.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.21664.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Developing behaviour change interventions able to tackle major challenges such as non-communicable diseases or climate change requires effective and efficient use of scientific evidence. The Human Behaviour-Change Project (HBCP) aims to improve evidence synthesis in behavioural science by compiling intervention reports and annotating them with an ontology to train information extraction and prediction algorithms. The HBCP used smoking cessation as the first 'proof of concept' domain but intends to extend its methodology to other behaviours. The aims of this paper are to (i) assess the extent to which methods developed for annotating smoking cessation intervention reports were generalisable to a corpus of physical activity evidence, and (ii) describe the steps involved in developing this second HBCP corpus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The development of the physical activity corpus involved: (i) reviewing the suitability of smoking cessation codes already used in the HBCP, (ii) defining the selection criteria and scope, (iii) identifying and screening records for inclusion, and (iv) annotating intervention reports using a code set of 200+ entities from the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stage 1 highlighted the need to modify the smoking cessation behavioural outcome codes for application to physical activity. One hundred physical activity intervention reports were reviewed, and 11 physical activity experts were consulted to inform the adapted code set. Stage 2 involved narrowing down the scope of the corpus to interventions targeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. In stage 3, 111 physical activity intervention reports were identified, which were then annotated in stage 4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Smoking cessation annotation methods developed as part of the HBCP were mostly transferable to the physical activity domain. However, the codes applied to behavioural outcome variables required adaptations. This paper can help anyone interested in building a body of research to develop automated evidence synthesis methods in physical activity or for other behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of a cave beetle, <i>Leptodirus hochenwartii</i> F.J.Schmidt, 1832.","authors":"Teo Delić","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23959.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23959.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of <i>Leptodirus hochenwartii</i> (cave beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Leiodidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 492.36 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.03%) is scaffolded into 14 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 22.01 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Four-spotted Footman moth, <i>Lithosia quadra</i> (Linnaeus, 1758).","authors":"Finley Hutchinson, Liam M Crowley","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23788.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23788.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a male <i>Lithosia quadra</i> (Four-spotted Footman; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 456.27 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.91%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.38 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Straw-barred Pearl moth, <i>Pyrausta despicata</i> Scopoli, 1763.","authors":"Gavin R Broad, David C Lees, Douglas Boyes","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23902.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23902.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of <i>Pyrausta despicata</i> (Straw-barred Pearl; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Crambidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 481.83 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.61%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.29 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Common Pochard, <i>Aythya ferina</i> (Linnaeus, 1758).","authors":"Michelle F O'Brien, Rosa Lopez Colom","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23904.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23904.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <i>Aythya ferina</i> (Common Pochard; Chordata; Aves; Anseriformes; Anatidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 1,252.30 megabases and 1,103.59 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (92.13%) is scaffolded into 41 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.6 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of a beetle, <i>Pycnomerus fuliginosus</i> Erichson, 1842.","authors":"Olga Sivell, Susan C Taylor, Maxwell V L Barclay, Stephanie Skipp, Michael F Geiser","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23770.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23770.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female <i>Pycnomerus fuliginosus</i> (beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Zopheridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 359.22 megabases. Most of the assembly (95.81%) is scaffolded into 11 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.21 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 11,547 protein-coding genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of a carabid beetle, <i>Abax parallelepipedus</i> (Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783).","authors":"Olga Sivell, Duncan Sivell, Ryan Mitchell, Maxwell V L Barclay","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23888.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23888.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female <i>Abax parallelepipedus</i> (carabid beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Carabidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 596.99 megabases. Most of the assembly (97.3%) is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 17.7 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}