Wellcome Open Research最新文献

{"title":"The genome sequence of the hawkweed Cheilosia, <i>Cheilosia urbana</i> (Meigen, 1822).","authors":"Steven Falk, Iva Gorše","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19569.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19569.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from an individual female <i>Cheilosia urbana</i> (the hawkweed Cheilosia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequence is 546.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.08 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":" ","pages":"311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11282393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48918246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the alder spittlebug, <i>Aphrophora alni</i> (Fallén, 1805).","authors":"Andy Griffiths, Stephen Moran, Liam M Crowley","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23248.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23248.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from an individual male <i>Aphrophora alni</i> (the alder spittlebug; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hemiptera; Aphrophoridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1,781.50 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 15 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 27.61 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 13,940 protein-coding genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ubuntu Way: Ensuring Ethical AI Integration in Health Research.","authors":"Brenda Odero, David Nderitu, Gabrielle Samuel","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23021.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23021.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in health research has grown rapidly, particularly in African nations, which have also been developing data protection laws and AI strategies. However, the ethical frameworks governing AI use in health research are often based on Western philosophies, focusing on individualism, and may not fully address the unique challenges and cultural contexts of African communities. This paper advocates for the incorporation of African philosophies, specifically <i>Ubuntu,</i> into AI health research ethics frameworks to better align with African values and contexts. This study explores the concept of <i>Ubuntu,</i> a philosophy that emphasises communalism, interconnectedness, and collective well-being, and its application to AI health research ethics. By analysing existing global AI ethics frameworks and contrasting them with the <i>Ubuntu</i> philosophy, a new ethics framework is proposed that integrates these perspectives. The framework is designed to address ethical challenges at individual, community, national, and environmental levels, with a particular focus on the African context. The proposed framework highlights four key principles derived from <i>Ubuntu</i>: communalism and openness, harmony and support, research prioritisation and community empowerment, and community-oriented decision-making. These principles are aligned with global ethical standards such as justice, beneficence, transparency, and accountability but are adapted to reflect the communal and relational values inherent in <i>Ubuntu</i>. The framework aims to ensure that AI-driven health research benefits communities equitably, respects local contexts and promotes long-term sustainability. Integrating <i>Ubuntu</i> into AI health research ethics can address the limitations of current frameworks that emphasise individualism. This approach not only aligns with African values but also offers a model that could be applied more broadly to enhance the ethical governance of AI in health research worldwide. By prioritising communal well-being, inclusivity, and environmental stewardship, the proposed framework has the potential to foster more responsible and contextually relevant AI health research practices in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of early tranexamic acid treatment on fatigue in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: data from the CRASH-3 clinical trial.","authors":"Raoul Mansukhani, Antonio Belli, Amy Brenner, Rizwana Chaudhri, Lauren Frimley, Sabariah Faizah Jamaluddin, Rashid Jooma, Haleema Shakur-Still, Temitayo Shokunbi, Ian Roberts","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17421.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17421.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Each year world-wide about 65 million people sustain a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Fatigue is a common and distressing symptom after mTBI. We examine the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on fatigue in patients with mTBI using data from the CRASH-3 trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CRASH-3 trial randomised 9,202 patients with traumatic brain injury and no significant extracranial bleeding to receive TXA or placebo within 3 hours of injury. The primary outcome was death from head injury within 28 days of injury. The methods and results are presented elsewhere. Fatigue was recorded as \"None\", \"Moderate\" or \"Extreme.\" This study examines the effect of TXA on extreme fatigue in the 2,632 patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score≥13). Our analyses were not prespecified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study primary outcome, extreme fatigue, was reported for 10 (0.8%) of 1,328 patients receiving TXA and 19 (1.5%) of 1,288 patients receiving placebo (risk ratio [RR]=0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-1.09). Death within 28 days of injury was reported for 34 (2.6%) of 1,328 patients receiving TXA versus 47 (3.6%) of 1,288 patients receiving placebo (RR=0.70, 95% CI 0.45-1.08). Among patients allocated to TXA, 44 (3.3%) patients either died or reported extreme fatigue versus 66 (5.1%) patients among those allocated to placebo (RR=0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.94). This composite outcome is disproportionately influenced by deaths which account for 74% (81 from 110) of events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no evidence that tranexamic acid reduces fatigue in patients with mTBI. Given, 1) our analyses were not prespecified, 2) our outcome measure is not based on a validated fatigue severity scale, and 3) TBI patients can suffer from hospital-induced delirium, which hinders clinician assessment, these results need to be replicated in another study.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>ISRCTN (ISRCTN15088122, 19/07/2011), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01402882, 26/07/2011), EudraCT (2011-003669-14, 25/07/2011), Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR20121000441277, 30/10/2012).</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"6 ","pages":"346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the red-crested pochard, <i>Netta rufina</i> (Pallas, 1773).","authors":"Michelle F O'Brien, Rosa Lopez Colom","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23204.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23204.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <i>Netta rufina</i> (the red-crested pochard; Chordata; Aves; Anseriformes; Anatidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1,167.00 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.76%) is scaffolded into 42 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.62 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11561386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A human model of Buruli ulcer: Provisional protocol for a <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> controlled human infection study.","authors":"Stephen Muhi, Julia L Marshall, Daniel P O'Brien, Paul D R Johnson, Gayle Ross, Anand Ramakrishnan, Laura K Mackay, Marcel Doerflinger, James S McCarthy, Euzebiusz Jamrozik, Joshua Osowicki, Timothy P Stinear","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22719.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22719.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Critical knowledge gaps have impeded progress towards reducing the global burden of disease due to <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i>, the cause of the neglected tropical disease Buruli ulcer (BU). Development of a controlled human infection model of BU has been proposed as an experimental platform to explore host-pathogen interactions and evaluate tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. We have previously introduced the use case for a new human model and identified <i>M. ulcerans</i> JKD8049 as a suitable challenge strain. Here, we present a provisional protocol for an initial study, for transparent peer review during the earliest stages of protocol development. Following simultaneous scientific peer review and community/stakeholder consultation of this provisional protocol, we aim to present a refined protocol for institutional review board (IRB) evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of a hoverfly, <i>Cheilosia grossa</i> (Fallén, 1817).","authors":"Ryan Mitchell, Steven Falk, Katie J Woodcock","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23189.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23189.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from an individual male <i>Cheilosia grossa</i> (a hoverfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 362.40 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.81 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 20,196 protein-coding genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11574337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Based Health Information Systems in Africa: A Scoping Review of Data Generation, Utilization, and Community Empowerment.","authors":"Beatrice Kuvuna, Moriasi Nyanchoka, Fatuma Guleid, Michael Ogutu, Benjamin Tsofa, Jacinta Nzinga","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22780.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22780.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The community-based health information system (CBHIS) is a vital component of the community health system, as it assesses community-level healthcare service delivery and generates data for community health programme planning, monitoring, and evaluation. CBHIS promotes data-driven decision-making, by identifying priority interventions and programs, guiding resource allocation, and contributing to evidence-based policy development.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aims to comprehensively examine the use of CBHIS in African countries, focusing on data generation, pathways, utilisation of CBHIS data, community accessibility to the data and use of the data to empower communities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilised Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology. We searched eight databases: PubMed, EMBASE, HINARI, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and grey literature databases (Open Grey and OAIster). We synthesised findings using a thematic approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our review included 55 articles from 27 African countries, primarily in Eastern and Southern Africa, followed by West Africa. Most of the studies were either quantitative (42%) or qualitative (33%). Paper-based systems are primarily used for data collection in most countries, but some have adopted electronic/mobile-based systems or both. The data flow for CBHIS varies by country and the tools used for data collection. CBHIS data informs policies, resource allocation, staffing, community health dialogues, and commodity supplies for community health programmes. Community dialogue is the most common approach for community engagement, empowerment, and sharing of CBHIS data with communities. Community empowerment tends towards health promotion activities and health provider-led approaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CBHIS utilises both paper-based and electronic-based systems to collect and process data. Nevertheless, most countries rely on paper-based systems. Most of the CBHIS investments have focused on digitisation and enhancing data collection, process, and quality. However, there is a need to shift the emphasis towards enabling data utilisation at the community level and community empowerment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of a fungus weevil, <i>Pseudeuparius sepicola</i> (Fabricius, 1792).","authors":"Roger Booth","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23209.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23209.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from an individual male <i>Pseudeuparius sepicola</i> (Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Anthribidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 769.10 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.99%) is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.55 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of a picture-winged fly, <i>Melieria crassipennis</i> (Fabricius, 1794).","authors":"Ryan Mitchell","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23224.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23224.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from an individual female picture-winged fly, <i>Melieria crassipennis</i> (tArthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Ulidiidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 414.00 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 4 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.77 kilobases in length.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}