Wellcome Open Research最新文献

{"title":"Alterations of Hepcidin and Iron Markers Associated with Obesity and Obesity-related Diabetes in Gambian Women.","authors":"Meike Siemonsma, Carla Cerami, Bakary Darboe, Hans Verhoef, Andrew M Prentice, Modou Jobe","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22997.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22997.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and chronic inflammation are associated with disturbances in iron metabolism. Hepcidin is hypothesized to play a role in these alterations owing to its strong association with inflammation via the JAK-STAT3 pathway. The current study investigated the differences between inflammatory markers and iron indices and their association with hepcidin in lean women, women with obesity, and women with obesity and T2D (obesity-T2D) in The Gambia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study design, fasted blood samples were collected from three groups of women: lean women (n=42, geometric mean (GM) body mass index (BMI)=20.9 kg/m ²), women with obesity (n=48, GM BMI=33.1 kg/m ²) and women with obesity-T2D (n=30, GM BMI=34.5 kg/m ²). Markers of inflammation (IL-6 and CRP) and iron metabolism [hepcidin, iron, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), transferrin, transferrin saturation, and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC)] were compared using linear regression models. Simple regression analyses were performed to assess the association between hepcidin levels and respective markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women with obesity and obesity-T2D showed elevated levels of inflammatory markers. There was no evidence that markers of iron metabolism differed between lean women and obese women, but women with obesity-T2D had higher transferrin saturation, higher serum iron concentration, and lower UIBC. Serum hepcidin concentrations were similar in all the groups. Hepcidin was not associated with markers of inflammation but was strongly associated with all other iron indices (all P<0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contrary to our original hypothesis, hepcidin was not associated with markers of inflammation in the three groups of Gambian women, despite the presence of chronic inflammation in women with obesity and obesity-T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of a bluebottle fly, <i>Calliphora vicina</i> Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.","authors":"Olga Sivell","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22469.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22469.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from an individual female <i>Calliphora vicina</i> (bluebottle blow fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Calliphoridae). The genome sequence is 706.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.72 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 13,436 protein coding genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences and Outcomes of the Implementation of Cuban Health Cooperation Programs in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Faith Njiriri, Moriasi Nyanchoka, Jacinta Nzinga, Benjamin Tsofa","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23844.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23844.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health systems in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) face chronic Human Resources for Health (HRH) shortages. This is especially worse in rural and primary healthcare settings. The Cuban government since 1960s has been implementing a policy strategy for producing healthcare workers for export, to boost their economy, support humanitarian efforts and boost their global diplomatic influence. Several LMICs have since established health cooperation programs with Cuba to import health workers to address their shortages. This review aimed to examine the emergence, design, utility, outcomes, and lessons learned from the implementation of these programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and searched for literature across four databases. Two independent reviewers screened and selected relevant articles based on pre-defined criteria. We extracted data and synthesized findings using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 71 articles after screening 3509 articles. Cuban health cooperation programs have been implemented in many LMICs in South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific region. These programs are formalized primarily through bilateral agreements and implemented as exchange initiatives. This involves importing Cuban healthcare workers and sending collaborating country students to study in Cuba. These programs aimed to address HRH shortages, maldistribution, inadequate training capacity, and respond to medical emergencies in the host countries. Cuban healthcare workers, primarily family physicians, within the host countries; are deployed in primary healthcare settings, increasing the rural health workforce, and improving healthcare access and outcomes. Challenges included opposition from local medical professionals, underutilization due to poorly coordinated recruitment, and language barrier in non-Spanish speaking countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cuban health cooperations in LMICs have shown diverse results based on their structures. Long-term comprehensive programs have proven to be more successful in boosting the healthcare workforce and enhancing health outcomes. Key factors for optimizing HRH health cooperation include effective collaborative decision-making and need-based deployment in alignment with national health system goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an ontology of mental health: Protocol for developing an ontology to structure and integrate evidence regarding anxiety, depression and psychosis.","authors":"Paulina M Schenk, Janna Hastings, Micaela Santilli, Jennifer Potts, Jaycee Kennett, Claire Friedrich, Susan Michie","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20701.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20701.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research about anxiety, depression and psychosis and their treatments is often reported using inconsistent language, and different aspects of the overall research may be conducted in separate silos. This leads to challenges in evidence synthesis and slows down the development of more effective interventions to prevent and treat these conditions. To address these challenges, the Global Alliance for Living Evidence on aNxiety, depressiOn and pSychosis (GALENOS) Project is conducting a series of living systematic reviews about anxiety, depression and psychosis. An ontology (a classification and specification framework) for the domain of mental health is being created to organise and synthesise evidence within these reviews and present them in a structured online data repository.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to develop an ontology of mental health that includes entities with clear labels and definitions to describe and synthesise evidence about mental health, focusing on anxiety, depression and psychosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will develop and apply the GALENOS Mental Health Ontology through eight steps: (1) defining the ontology's scope; (2) identifying, labelling and defining the ontology's entities for the GALENOS living systematic reviews; (3) structuring the ontology's upper level (4) refining the upper level's clarity and scope via a stakeholder consultation; (5) formally specifying the relationships between entities in the Mental Health Ontology; (6) making the ontology machine-readable and available online; (7) integrating the ontology into the data repository; and (8) exploring the ontology-structured repository's usability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and discussion: </strong>The Mental Health Ontology supports the formal representation of complex upper-level entities within mental health and their relationships. It will enable more explicit and precise communication and evidence synthesis about anxiety, depression and psychosis across the GALENOS Project's living systematic reviews. By being computer readable, the ontology can also be harnessed within algorithms that support automated categorising, linking, retrieving and synthesising evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the China Limpet, <i>Patella ulyssiponensis</i> Gmelin, 1791 (Patellidae).","authors":"Nova Mieszkowska, Stephen J Hawkins, Helena B S M Côrte-Real, Louise B Firth","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24681.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24681.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a specimen of <i>Patella ulyssiponensis</i> (China Limpet; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Patellidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 693.56 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.78%) is scaffolded into 8 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 14.94 kilobases. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 21 151 protein-coding genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of <i>Malacosoma alpicola</i> Staudinger, 1871 (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae).","authors":"Pavel Potocký, Irena Klečková, Pavel Matos-Maraví, Charlotte J Wright, Joana I Meier, Mark L Blaxter","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24677.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24677.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <i>Malacosoma alpicola</i> (Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Lasiocampidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 572.73 megabases and 530.23 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (98.92%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.7 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144970999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fediša Modikologo: breaking the intergenerational cycle of violence against women and children. Theoretical framework and protocol for a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Rachel Jewkes, Leane Ramsoomar, Jani Nothling, Samantha Willan, Venice Mbowane, Esnat Chirwa, Shibe Mhlongo, Maureen Phakoe, Desiree Pass, Amanda Zembe, Louis Sibiya, Ishen Seocharan, Charntel Paile, Laura Washington, Nataly Woollett, Bianca Dekel, Nwabisa Jama-Shai, Mercilene Machisa, Pinky Mahlangu, Boitumelo Seepamore, Nicola Christofides, Tracy Glass, Darshini Govindasamy, Stanley Carries, Asiphe Ketelo, Naeemah Abrahams","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23513.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23513.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In South Africa, after two decades of national femicide surveillance, we know comparatively little about what places women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at risk of intimate partner femicide. Further we have not mapped the multi-generational health, social and economic impact of severe IPV on women subjected to it, and their children, nor the consequences of help-seeking, nor described what helps, STET recovery trajectories. This study aims to deepen understanding of risk factors for femicide and the health, social and economic impacts of severe IPV on women and their families, including understanding risk and resilience to intergenerational cycling of violence. It further aims to describe how statutory and community measures operate to enable recovery and safety. Following pilot research, we developed a prospective questionnaire-based cohort study with three components, and plan for nested qualitative research. The primary cohort will enrol 12,000 women experiencing severe IPV, recruited using non-probabilistic methods (mostly referral from services and community members, and chain-recruitment). Following a baseline interview, participants will complete annual on-line surveys to track key outcomes for five years. The main questionnaire will measure exposure to range of different forms of IPV in the past year, lifetime trauma exposure history, childhood background, health, social and economic circumstances and help-seeking practices. A sub-cohort of the women (a 20% sub-sample), will be followed more intensively over 3 years. Among these, the children aged 6 years and over, of consenting mothers, will also be followed for three years. Deaths in the cohorts will be tracked through the National Population Register through participants' national identity numbers. Mixed-methods verbal autopsies will be conducted with friends or family members of deceased participants. Results will guide femicide prevention nationally, and will build understanding of what is needed to prevent intergenerational cycling of violence and enable recovery of exposed women and children.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Dusky Meadow Brown, <i>Cercyonis lycaon</i> (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).","authors":"Yannick Chittaro, Eric Toro-Delgado, Kay Lucek, Charlotte J Wright, Joana I Meier, Mark L Blaxter","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24656.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24656.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <i>Cercyonis lycaon</i> (Dusky Meadow Brown; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 601.00 megabases and 548.79 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (94.99%) is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.2 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Genetic evolution of <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> during treatment leading to antibiotic resistance and disease relapse.","authors":"Terry John Evans, Chantisa Keeratipusana, Anousone Douangnouvong, Vilayouth Phimolsarnnousith, Davanh Sengdatka, Ko Chang, Koukeo Phommasone, Claire Chewapreecha, Elizabeth A Ashley, Elizabeth M Batty","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24138.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24138.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melioidosis is a significant yet neglected cause of sepsis in tropical regions, particularly in southeast Asia, with poor clinical outcomes. It is a growing threat with an expanding global footprint. The causative organism, <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>, is intrinsically resistant to most first-line empiric antibiotic regimens, but acquired resistance to recommended antibiotics for this infection is uncommon. Nonetheless, the genetic determinants of resistance in this species remain poorly elucidated.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 60-year-old farmer presented in septic shock to a hospital in Laos, and <i>B. pseudomallei</i> was grown from blood cultures. Following initial antibiotic treatment with meropenem and co-trimoxazole, his infection relapsed. Several subsequent <i>B. pseudomallei</i> isolates from the patient were resistant to multiple antibiotics, and whole genome sequencing demonstrated that this phenotype was associated with a novel 54-kb genomic deletion. This deletion, on chromosome 1, includes the 5' end of <i>amrR</i> - which encodes a regulator of an efflux pump known to be important in conferring meropenem resistance - as well as 46 other genes, some of which have not been characterised. Treatment was targeted to the new antibiogram, requiring a further prolonged intravenous course and second-line oral eradication therapy. The patient made a full recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mutations in <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> lead to increased virulence and drug resistance. Repeat microbiological sampling of patients who do not make clinical improvement as anticipated is essential, with repeat full antimicrobial susceptibility testing on subsequent isolates. Characterisation of drug-resistant mutants is required to understand mechanisms of resistance and to predict phenotypes from whole genome sequencing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12374155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of <i>Glacies alpinata</i> (Scopoli, 1763) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae).","authors":"Paula Escuer, Kay Lucek, Charlotte J Wright, Joana I Meier, Mark L Blaxter","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24664.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24664.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of <i>Glacies alpinata</i> (Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 575.96 megabases and 573.82 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.77%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 17.2 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12417988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}