Wellcome Open Research最新文献

{"title":"Changing patterns in marriage choice and related health risk in the Pakistani heritage community in Bradford UK: a qualitative study.","authors":"Neil Small, Rifat Razaq, Vishal Sharma, Alice Cunningham, Zuneera Khurshid, Shahid Islam","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23338.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23338.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children born to blood relations (consanguineous parents), primarily cousins, have higher mortality and morbidity than children born to non-consanguineous parents. Consanguinity is low in the UK but high in some communities, including the Pakistani heritage community in Bradford. There has been a marked decrease in consanguinity in the last decade and that is likely to result in reductions in excess mortality and morbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Drawing on patterns of child health reported by the Born in Bradford study, augmented with a summary of the literature on motivations for choosing consanguineous unions and on the shifting characteristics of those who make this choice, questions about marriage choice and knowledge of allied health risk were devised. They were explored in four focus groups with self-identified members of the Pakistani heritage community. Groups were divided by age and gender. Discussions were analysed using Thematic Analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was agreement that rates of consanguinity were declining. Older group members were concerned this might indicate a shift from tradition and damage community cohesion. Younger participants were positive about the benefits of individual choice. They felt this could be achieved without damaging community strengths. Reasons for the fall in numbers were attributed to changes within the community, including higher numbers of people staying in education beyond school. External factors, including new immigration rules, were also considered.There was not a consensus about health risks, some older respondents were sceptical of links between marriage choice and child health and concerned about how health risks were communicated. All were concerned that marriage choice should not be used to demonise this community.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A commitment to sustaining community cohesion is shared by all groups. Younger people think this can be achieved despite falls in consanguinity. There are continuing challenges in communicating health risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The PAICE project: Integrating health and health equity into UK climate change policy.","authors":"Michael Davies, Charlie Dearman, Rosemary Green, Andrew Haines, Clare Heaviside, Filiz Karakas, Sudheer Kumar Kuppili, Susan Michie, James Milner, Gemma Moore, David Osrin, Silvia Pastorino, Giorgos Petrou, Irene Pluchinotta, Charles Simpson, Phil Symonds, Catalina Turcu, Ruth Unstead-Joss, Simon Vakeva-Baird, Sarah Whitmee, Ke Zhou, Nici Zimmermann","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23431.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23431.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper announces a new initiative - the research project <i>Policy and Implementation for Climate & Health Equity</i> (PAICE), which aims to investigate the complex systemic connections between climate change action, health and health equity, for translation of evidence into policy and practice in the UK. Using transdisciplinary approaches, PAICE will: (1) co-develop a programme theory and linked monitoring and evaluation plan, (2) work with the UK Climate Change Committee (CCC) and the Greater London Authority (GLA) using system dynamics to analyse national and local policy opportunities, (3) build an integrated model of the effects of these policies on population health, health equity and greenhouse gas emissions, (4) apply the findings to the CCC monitoring framework and GLA policy development, and (5) use the programme theory to help evaluate achievement of PAICE processes and objectives. If successful, PAICE will have helped to establish a systems capability to (i) monitor whether Government plans are on track to deliver their climate targets and associated health impacts and (ii) understand how relevant policy and implementation approaches could be enhanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of standard care versus corticosteroids plus standard care for treatment of pneumonia in adults admitted to Kenyan hospitals (SONIA).","authors":"Ruth Lucinde, Abdirahman Abdi, Benedict Orindi, Stella Mwakio, Henry Gathuri, Edwin Onyango, Salome Chira, Morris Ogero, Lynda Isaaka, Jimmy Shangala, Irene Njeri Oginga, Alvin Wachira, Evans Manuthu, Hazel Kariuki, Jared Nyikuli, Cyprian Wekesa, Amos Otedo, Hannah Bosire, Steve Biko Okoth, Winston Ongalo, David Mukabi, Wilber Lusamba, Beatrice Muthui, Nicholas Kirui, Isaac Adembesa, Caroline Mithi, Mohammed Sood, Nadia Ahmed, Bernard Gituma, Vera Bina Ongaki, Matiko Giabe, Charles Omondi, Loice Achieng Ombajo, Wangeci Kagucia, Mike English, Mainga Hamaluba, Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier, Dorcas Kamuya, Philip Bejon, Ambrose Agweyu, Samuel Akech, Anthony Oliwa Etyang","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18401.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18401.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mortality among adults admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia in resource-limited settings is high. Recent studies conducted in high-income settings have demonstrated beneficial effects of low-dose corticosteroids in reducing mortality in patients with severe community acquired pneumonia. It is unknown whether these findings apply to low-income settings such as sub-Saharan Africa.This pragmatic randomized-controlled open-label trial will determine the effect of adjunctive low-dose corticosteroids in the management of adults admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia on mortality 30-days post-randomization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will enroll and randomize 2180 patients admitted with a diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia into two arms: the control and intervention arm. Those in the control arm will receive standard care for the treatment of community acquired pneumonia i.e., combination therapy with a beta-lactam and macrolide antibiotic. Those in the intervention arm will receive up to 10-days treatment with low-dose oral corticosteroids in addition to standard care. All participants will be followed up to 30- days post randomization and their final status recorded (alive or dead).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>If adjunctive low-dose oral corticosteroids are found to be beneficial, this easily scalable intervention would significantly reduce the currently high mortality associated with community acquired pneumonia.Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR202111481740832; ISRCTRN registry: ISRCTN36138594.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"7 ","pages":"269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The therapeutic potential of exercise in post-traumatic stress disorder and its underlying mechanisms: A living systematic review of human and non-human studies.","authors":"Simonne Wright, Virginia Chiocchia, Olufisayo Elugbadebo, Ouma Simple, Toshi A Furukawa, Claire Friedrich, Charlotte Austin, Hossein Dehdarirad, David Gilbert, Jaycee Kennett, Edoardo G Ostinelli, Jennifer Potts, Fiona Ramage, Emily Sena, Spyridon Siafis, Claire Stansfield, James Thomas, Francesca Tinsdeall, Thomy Tonia, Malcolm Macleod, Andrea Cipriani, Georgia Salanti, Soraya Seedat","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23033.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23033.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a potentially effective adjunct to psychotherapy. However, the biopsychosocial mechanisms of exercise are not well understood. This co-produced living systematic review synthesizes evidence from human and non-human studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We Included controlled human and non-human studies involving searches of multiple electronic databases (until 31.10.23). Records were screened, extracted, assessed for risk of bias, and reconciled by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome for human studies was PTSD symptom severity, while outcomes of interest for non-human studies included freezing behaviour, fear memory, fear generalization, startle response, and locomotion. Data were synthesised with random-effects meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven human studies and 14 non-human studies met the eligibility criteria. Results of human studies showed that exercise was not associated with symptom severity improvement compared to control (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.24 to 0.07). High-intensity exercise reduced PTSD symptoms scores more than moderate-intensity exercise. There was insufficient data to examine the effects of exercise on functional impairment, PTSD symptom clusters, and PTSD remission. Only three studies, all at high risk of bias, examined mechanisms of exercise with inconclusive results. Results of non-human studies showed that exercise was associated with improvement in all behavioural outcomes, including locomotor activity (SMD 1.30, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.87, 14 studies), and changes in several neurobiological markers, including increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (SMD 1.79, 95% CI 0.56 to 3.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While non-human studies provide compelling evidence for the beneficial effects of exercise, human trials do not. Evidence from non-human studies suggest that exercise might increase the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, enhance cognitive appraisal, and improve perceived exertion. Overall, the paucity of data on the effectiveness of exercise in PTSD and mechanisms of action underscore the need for rigorous trials.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID:453615; 22.08.2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the great crested newt, <i>Triturus cristatus</i> (Laurenti, 1768).","authors":"Jeffrey W Streicher, Stephanie Holt","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24257.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24257.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <i>Triturus cristatus</i> (great crested newt; Chordata; Amphibia; Caudata; Salamandridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 22,324.62 megabases. Most of the assembly (98.78%) is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 16.54 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chromosomal genome sequence of the sponge <i>Crambe crambe</i> (Schmidt, 1862) and its associated microbial metagenome sequences.","authors":"Manuel Maldonado, Lucia Pita, Ute Hentschel, Dirk Erpenbeck, Graeme Oatley, Elizabeth Sinclair, Eerik Aunin, Noah Gettle, Camilla Santos, Michael Paulini, Haoyu Niu, Victoria McKenna, Rebecca O'Brien","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24154.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24154.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from an individual <i>Crambe crambe</i> (Porifera; Demospongiae; Poecilosclerida; Crambeidae). The host genome sequence is 143.20 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 19.53 kilobases in length. Several symbiotic prokaryotic genomes were assembled as MAGs, including two relevant sponge symbionts, the <i>Candidatus</i> Beroebacter blanensis/ <i>AqS2</i> clade (Tethybacterales, Gammaproteobacteria) of LMA sponges, and the widely distributed archaeal <i>Nitrosopumilus</i> sp. clade.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Heath Bumblebee, <i>Bombus jonellus</i> (Kirby, 1802).","authors":"Gavin R Broad, Inez Januszczak, Chris Fletcher","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24256.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24256.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <i>Bombus jonellus</i> (Heath Bumblebee; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Apidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 357.90 megabases. Most of the assembly (78.06%) is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 24.83 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive bias modification for social anxiety: protocol for a living systematic review of human studies and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jaycee Kennett, Claire Friedrich, Virginia Chiocchia, Simon E Blackwell, Toshi Furukawa, Per Carlbring, Thomy Tonia, Ava Homiar, Simonne Wright, Kelvin Opiepie, Richardson Mojica, Paulina Schenk, Susan Michie, Janna Hastings, Hossein Dehdarirad, Claire Stansfield, James Thomas, Jennifer Potts, Georgia Salanti, Andrea Cipriani","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23278.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23278.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social anxiety is a heightened fear and discomfort in social situations. Cases of elevated distress and impaired functioning can lead to a clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder. Altering cognitive biases associated with social anxiety has been suggested as potentially beneficial; however, little is known about the comparative effectiveness of such interventions. The aim of this living systematic review is to examine the efficacy of cognitive bias modification for reducing social anxiety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will search multiple electronic databases for randomised controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of cognitive bias modification for people diagnosed with social anxiety and people exposed to a social stressor. The primary outcome will be change in social anxiety related symptoms; secondary outcomes will be changes in social functioning and quality of life and adverse events. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be done by at least two reviewers using pre-defined tools. We will synthesise data from people with social anxiety diagnosis and those subjected to a simulated social stressor separately using random effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity will be evaluated by investigating characteristics of included studies and we will conduct a network meta-analysis in order to compare the efficacy of subtypes of cognitive bias modification for social anxiety disorder. We will appraise the strength of the evidence for each outcome by reviewing the overall association, internal and external validity, and reporting biases. Where data allows, we will triangulate the evidence from both sources with a multidisciplinary group of experts. We will also descriptively report factors reported to mediate cognitive bias modification, The review will begin in living mode and the database search will be rerun every three months to identify potential new evidence. We will co-produce this review with members of a global lived experience advisory board. This protocol was registered on 15.10.2024 (CRD42024601380)..</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The types of school attended by the ALSPAC children from1997 to 2011 (ages 5 to 19 years): A Focus on Christian Faith Schools.","authors":"Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Mark Mumme, Jean Golding","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23025.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23025.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a longitudinal study following ~14,000 children from pregnancy through until adulthood. They were all born to women resident during pregnancy in a geographic area which comprised the city of Bristol, surrounding suburbs, rural areas, villages and towns. During their childhood almost all attended either state or private schools. The present Data Note describes the basic details of the schools attended by the cohort of children born in 1991-2, obtained by linking the names of the cohort children to the schools they attended during each school year and then anonymising the data. Details include the size of school in terms of the number of children enrolled, school sex composition, whether it is a Christian faith school (including the type of faith), whether it is fee-paying, and whether it is a boarding school. This document includes details as to how scientists can obtain the data for analysis in regard to other aspects of the children involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of wild privet, <i>Ligustrum vulgare</i> L.","authors":"Zoë A Goodwin, David Bell, Vladimir Krivtsov, Michelle L Hart","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24023.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24023.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a specimen of <i>Ligustrum vulgare</i> (wild privet; Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Lamiales; Oleaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1,384.00 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 23 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The multipartite mitochondrial genome consists of two circularised molecules with lengths of 844.62 and 118.10 kilobases, and the plastid genome assembly is 161.82 kilobases long. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 31,482 protein-coding genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}