Wellcome Open Research最新文献

{"title":"Children's behavioural and emotional wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the Born in Bradford COVID-19 mixed methods longitudinal study.","authors":"Ellena Badrick, Rachael H Moss, Claire McIvor, Charlotte Endacott, Kirsty Crossley, Zahrah Tanveer, Kate E Pickett, Rosemary R C McEachan, Josie Dickerson","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20752.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20752.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic led to a multitude of immediate social restrictions for many across the world. In the UK, the lives of children and young people were quickly impacted when COVID-19 restrictions led to school closures for most children and restrictions on social interactions. The Born in Bradford COVID-19 longitudinal research study explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of children and their families living in Bradford. Surveys were administered during the first wave of the pandemic (March to June 2020) and compared to findings from before the pandemic (February 2017 to March 2020). The current study examined the social and emotional wellbeing of children ( <i>M</i> age: 10.5 years) from before to during the pandemic, measured using the parent completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Regression analyses looked at associations between a range of social determinants of health and changes in SDQ scores. The results showed that the odds of experiencing difficulties were lower for children of Pakistani heritage compared to White British children (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.86). Girls were less likely to experience difficulties compared to boys (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41-0.88), as were older, compared to younger children (per year: OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.96) and those living in the most deprived quintile of IMD (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.79-5.15). There were associations between experiencing difficulties and: food insecurity; financial worry; getting below recommended levels of physical activity; and having less than the recommended amount of sleep. These findings raise concerns about the longer-term impacts of the pandemic on children's wellbeing and increasing inequity in child outcomes. The increased impact on the most disadvantaged, underscores the importance of recognising and meeting the support needs of children and families to ensure that inequalities are not widened further, and children are given the opportunity to reach their full potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11109562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences and Outcomes of the Implementation of Cuban Health Cooperation Programs in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Faith Njiriri, Moriasi Nyanchoka, Jacinta Nzinga, Benjamin Tsofa","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23844.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23844.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health systems in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) face chronic Human Resources for Health (HRH) shortages. This is especially worse in rural and primary healthcare settings. The Cuban government since 1960s has been implementing a policy strategy for producing healthcare workers for export, to boost their economy, support humanitarian efforts and boost their global diplomatic influence. Several LMICs have since established health cooperation programs with Cuba to import health workers to address their shortages. This review aimed to examine the emergence, design, utility, outcomes, and lessons learned from the implementation of these programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and searched for literature across four databases. Two independent reviewers screened and selected relevant articles based on pre-defined criteria. We extracted data and synthesized findings using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 71 articles after screening 3509 articles. Cuban health cooperation programs have been implemented in many LMICs in South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific region. These programs are formalized primarily through bilateral agreements and implemented as exchange initiatives. This involves importing Cuban healthcare workers and sending collaborating country students to study in Cuba. These programs aimed to address HRH shortages, maldistribution, inadequate training capacity, and respond to medical emergencies in the host countries. Cuban healthcare workers, primarily family physicians, within the host countries; are deployed in primary healthcare settings, increasing the rural health workforce, and improving healthcare access and outcomes. Challenges included opposition from local medical professionals, underutilization due to poorly coordinated recruitment, and language barrier in non-Spanish speaking countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cuban health cooperations in LMICs have shown diverse results based on their structures. Long-term comprehensive programs have proven to be more successful in boosting the healthcare workforce and enhancing health outcomes. Key factors for optimizing HRH health cooperation include effective collaborative decision-making and need-based deployment in alignment with national health system goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Heat on Birth Outcomes and Child Nutrition: Study Protocol using the CIDACS Birth Cohort.","authors":"Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva, Maxine Pepper, Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa, Taisa Rodrigues Cortes, Lais Sacramento, Lais Helena Ribeiro, Lisianne Passos Luz, Otavio T Ranzani, Liam Smeeth, Elizabeth B Brickley, Aline Dos Santos Rocha, Julia M Pescarini, Ila Falcão, Poliana Rebouças, Danielson Delgado, Ismael Silveira, Enny S Paixão, Mauricio Barreto","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23909.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23909.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnant individuals and children are particularly vulnerable to the adverse health consequences of exposure to heat. Leveraging the robust ecosystem of Brazilian linked administrative data, we aim to advance our understanding of how high temperatures and heatwaves influence birth outcomes and child nutrition.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Investigate the association between high ambient temperatures/ heatwaves and 1) birth outcomes (low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and preterm birth), 2) child nutrition (growth), and 3) breastfeeding practices and complementary feeding in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will triangulate results from complementary analytical approaches, including time-stratified case-crossover designs and time-to-event techniques. We will explore the influence of high temperatures and heatwaves at different periods (or lags) preceding the event and apply distributed lag non-linear models to account for delayed and non-linear effects. We will conduct subgroup analyses to identify the population groups most at risk.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Our study will generate new insights into the relationship between heat, birth outcomes, and child nutrition in Brazil. By providing evidence from a middle-income country with diverse ecosystems and climate zones in a context of social inequalities, this research will contribute to advancing the current knowledge base. Additionally, by identifying critical windows of vulnerability and at-risk groups, our findings can potentially inform targeted and equitable climate adaptation policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12461186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an ontology of mental health: Protocol for developing an ontology to structure and integrate evidence regarding anxiety, depression and psychosis.","authors":"Paulina M Schenk, Janna Hastings, Micaela Santilli, Jennifer Potts, Jaycee Kennett, Claire Friedrich, Susan Michie","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20701.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20701.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research about anxiety, depression and psychosis and their treatments is often reported using inconsistent language, and different aspects of the overall research may be conducted in separate silos. This leads to challenges in evidence synthesis and slows down the development of more effective interventions to prevent and treat these conditions. To address these challenges, the Global Alliance for Living Evidence on aNxiety, depressiOn and pSychosis (GALENOS) Project is conducting a series of living systematic reviews about anxiety, depression and psychosis. An ontology (a classification and specification framework) for the domain of mental health is being created to organise and synthesise evidence within these reviews and present them in a structured online data repository.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to develop an ontology of mental health that includes entities with clear labels and definitions to describe and synthesise evidence about mental health, focusing on anxiety, depression and psychosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will develop and apply the GALENOS Mental Health Ontology through eight steps: (1) defining the ontology's scope; (2) identifying, labelling and defining the ontology's entities for the GALENOS living systematic reviews; (3) structuring the ontology's upper level (4) refining the upper level's clarity and scope via a stakeholder consultation; (5) formally specifying the relationships between entities in the Mental Health Ontology; (6) making the ontology machine-readable and available online; (7) integrating the ontology into the data repository; and (8) exploring the ontology-structured repository's usability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and discussion: </strong>The Mental Health Ontology supports the formal representation of complex upper-level entities within mental health and their relationships. It will enable more explicit and precise communication and evidence synthesis about anxiety, depression and psychosis across the GALENOS Project's living systematic reviews. By being computer readable, the ontology can also be harnessed within algorithms that support automated categorising, linking, retrieving and synthesising evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"9 ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Large Wall Brown, <i>Lasiommata maera</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).","authors":"Paula Escuer, Kay Lucek, Charlotte J Wright, Joana I Meier, Mark L Blaxter","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24746.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24746.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <i>Lasiommata maera</i> (Large Wall Brown; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 480.89 megabases and 424.47 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.88%) is scaffolded into 29 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.77 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Nickerl's Fritillary, <i>Melitaea aurelia</i> Nickerl, 1850 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).","authors":"Yannick Chittaro, Andreas Sanchez, Kay Lucek, Charlotte J Wright, Joana I Meier, Mark L Blaxter","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24749.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24749.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a female specimen of <i>Melitaea aurelia</i> (Nickerl's Fritillary; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 595.21 megabases and 565.99 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.72%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.17 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12495394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Oak Polypore, <i>Buglossoporus quercinus</i> (Schrad.) Kotl. & Pouzar.","authors":"Richard Wright, Kieran Woof, Ester Gaya","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24714.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24714.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a specimen of <i>Buglossoporus quercinus</i> (Oak Polypore; Basidiomycota; Agaricomycetes; Polyporales; Fomitopsidaceae). The genome sequence has a total length of 37.43 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.81%) is scaffolded into 13 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 70.88 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12498085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triangulating Instrumental Variable, confounder adjustment and difference-in-difference methods for comparative effectiveness research in observational data.","authors":"Laura M Güdemann, John M Dennis, Andrew P McGovern, Lauren R Rodgers, Beverley M Shields, William Henley, Jack Bowden","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22955.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22955.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Observational studies play an important role in assessing the comparative effectiveness of competing treatments. In clinical trials the randomization of participants to treatment and control groups generally results in balanced groups with respect to possible confounders, which makes the analysis straightforward. However, when analysing observational data, the potential for unmeasured confounding makes comparing treatment effects more challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Causal inference methods such as Instrumental Variable and Prior Event Rate Ratio approaches enable the estimation of causal effects even in the presence of unmeasured or imperfectly measured confounding factors. Direct confounder adjustment via multivariable regression and propensity score matching also have considerable utility. Each method relies on a different set of assumptions and leverages different aspects of the data.The assumptions of each method are described, and the impact of their violation is assessed in a simulation study. We propose the prior outcome augmented Instrumental Variable method that leverages data from before and after treatment initiation and is robust to key assumption violations. Finally, we propose a heterogeneity statistic to decide if two or more estimates are statistically dissimilar, considering their correlation. We illustrate our framework in an application study assessing the risk of genital infection in type 2 diabetes patients prescribed SGLT2-inhibitors versus DPP4-inhibitors using UK primary care data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our proposed approach can estimate treatment effects without bias in scenarios where assumptions of other methods are violated. Furthermore, the application study exemplified the usefulness of discussing the consistency of estimation results from different estimation methods using triangulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Triangulating results of different estimation methods is important in observational data to derive high quality evidence. The proposed triangulation framework and heterogeneity statistic are valuable tools to discuss the consistency of estimation results from different methods to shed light on possible sources of bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Brassy Long-horn, <i>Nemophora metallica</i> (Poda, 1761) (Lepidoptera: Adelidae).","authors":"Jaakko Pohjoismaki, Marko Mutanen, Charlotte J Wright, Joana I Meier, Mark L Blaxter","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24685.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24685.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of <i>Nemophora metallica</i> (Brassy Long-horn; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Adelidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 710.84 megabases and 709.72 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.89%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.09 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12504937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genome sequence of the Pine Beauty, <i>Panolis flammea</i> (Denis & Schiffermüller), 1775 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).","authors":"Yannick Chittaro, Camille Cornet, Kay Lucek, Charlotte J Wright, Joana I Meier, Mark L Blaxter","doi":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24674.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24674.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of <i>Panolis flammea</i> (Pine Beauty; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 709.26 megabases and 713.60 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.83%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled, with a length of 15.46 kilobases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23677,"journal":{"name":"Wellcome Open Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}