Voprosy virusologii最新文献

{"title":"The influence of cultivation parameters on the reproduction of recombinant influenza viruses expressing immunodominant proteins of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>.","authors":"R T Abitayev, A U Issabek, A S Nurpeisova, Y A Bulatov, B M Khudaibergenova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Influenza A virus is considered a promising vector platform for the creation of recombinant vaccines due to its high immunogenicity and ability to induce a pronounced humoral and cellular immune response. The aim of the study is to investigate the optimal cultivation parameters for recombinant influenza A virus strains expressing <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> ESAT-6 and TB10.4 antigens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cultivation conditions for recombinant influenza viruses A/Ast/PR8-NS124-ESAT6 and A/Ast/PR8-NS124-TB10.4, expressing the ESAT6 and TB10.4 proteins of <i>M. bovis</i>, were optimized. The viruses were produced by reverse genetics using an eight-plasmid system. Cultivation was performed in MDCK and Vero cell lines at varying temperatures (30-37 °C), incubation times, and trypsin concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was established that maximum infectious and hemagglutinating titers were achieved when cultured in Vero cells at 37 °C for 72 hours. A decrease in temperature to 30-35 °C was accompanied by a decrease in viral replication. The Vero cell line demonstrated higher productivity compared to MDCK. Hemagglutinating activity correlated with the infectious titer. RT-PCR confirmed the stability of genetic inserts in the NS segment of the genome throughout the entire cultivation period. Temperature and cell line type significantly influence the reproduction of recombinant viruses. The advantage of Vero cells is due to their higher virus accumulation rate. The stability of the genetic inserts confirms the reliability of the resulting strains as vector systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Optimal conditions for culturing recombinant influenza viruses, ensuring high reproduction rates and genetic stability, have been identified. The results confirm the potential of using influenza vectors for developing tuberculosis vaccines and the feasibility of scaling up their production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 4","pages":"350-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of oncolytic flavi- and alphavirus replication in resistant human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines using ruxolitinib.","authors":"K N Trachuk, Y K Biryukova, V А Kapranov, E A Orlova, A S Nazarenko, N M Kolyasnikova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Overcoming the immunosuppressive microenvironment of pancreatic cancer (PC) using oncolytic viruses appears to be a promising therapeutic approach. However, tumor cells are characterized by significant heterogeneity, including populations of resistant cells with high basal JAK/STAT signaling activity. One potential approach to overcoming this resistance is the use of JAK1/2 kinase inhibitors, such as ruxolitinib, the efficacy of which has already been demonstrated in several studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the effect of ruxolitinib (a JAK1/2 kinase inhibitor) on the replicative activity of certain oncolytic flaviviruses (YFV 17D) and alphaviruses (SINV K1487) in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines AsPC-1, BxPC-3, and Capan-2, which are characterized by high resistance to viral oncolysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines: AsPC-1, BxPC-3, and Capan-2 from the collection of Laboratory of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS (Institute of Poliomyelitis). Viruses: yellow fever virus strain 17D and Sindbis virus strain K1487 (GenBank AC № PZ244961.1). Virus quantification was performed using the plaque assay on Vero cell culture and real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we investigated the effect of ruxolitinib (a JAK1/2 kinase inhibitor) on the replicative activity of certain oncolytic flaviviruses (YFV 17D) and alphaviruses (SINV K1487) in virus-resistant human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines AsPC-1, BxPC-3, and Capan-2. A significant dose-dependent increase in infectious titers (by 2-3 orders of magnitude) of YFV 17D and SINV K1487 was demonstrated in the studied cultures in the presence of various concentrations of ruxolitinib (0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, 1.0 μM, and 5.0 μM).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Enhanced replication of oncolytic flaviviruses and alphaviruses in the presence of ruxolitinib could significantly improve the efficacy of therapy for resistant and highly immunosuppressive pancreatic cancer. This combined virotherapy approach can activate powerful immunomediated cell death mechanisms even without an overt cytopathic effect in culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 4","pages":"380-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Nucleoside analogues in etiotropic therapy of hantavirus fevers].","authors":"A N Vetrova, S S Kurashova, M S Egorova, T K Dzagurova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hantavirus fevers (HF) are caused by pathogenic orthohantaviruses and are classified into two clinical forms: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), reported in Eurasia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), reported in the Americas. HF are characterised by an acute course with predominant involvement of internal organs: HFRS is mainly associated with kidney damage, while HPS is characterised by severe lung injury. Both diseases may also affect the central nervous and endocrine systems. In addition, hantavirus fevers are marked by severe complications during the acute phase and a prolonged recovery period. Currently, there is neither a WHO-approved vaccine nor any effective etiotropic anti-hantavirus therapy. The development of antiviral treatment strategies focuses on preventing orthohantavirus entry into cells or suppressing their intracellular replication. One of the main directions in the search for effective anti-hantavirus therapy is the low-molecular-weight compounds development and testing, many of which have demonstrated pronounced antiviral activity against orthohantaviruses through direct or indirect effects on viral RNA polymerase function. The review shows that new antiviral nucleoside compounds development and study has promising potential, as well as their combined use for effective etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment of hantavirus fevers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 4","pages":"311-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis E virus (<i>Hepeviridae: Paslahepevirus</i>) among residents of the Amur Region with different levels of zoonotic risk of infection.","authors":"V S Kichatova, A V Zotova, I A Potemkin, M A Lopatukhina, F A Mobarhan, E Y Malinnikova, S V Samokhvalov, O P Kurganova, K K Kyuregyan, V G Akimkin, M I Mikhailov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Amur Region (AR) is a territory with developed pig farming and traditional reindeer herding, which creates potential risks for transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) zoonotic genotypes. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of anti-HEV antibody prevalence among AR residents with different levels of zoonotic risk of HEV infection (living in areas with developed pig farming and traditional reindeer herding), as well as among pig and reindeer (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) populations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 1114 serum samples from conditionally healthy volunteers of three groups were tested for anti-HEV antibodies using ELISA: residents of settlement No. 1 at the pig-breeding complex (<i>n </i>= 90), residents of settlement No. 2 engaged in traditional reindeer herding (<i>n </i>= 102), and residents of other areas of the AR (<i>n </i>= 922). Blood sera from pigs (<i>n </i>= 197) and reindeer (<i>n </i>= 97) were also tested for anti-HEV antibodies in ELISA with a species-specific conjugate. HEV RNA detection was performed in the reindeer blood sera and swine fecal samples using nested PCR and real-time PCR. Risk factors were assessed using the binary logistic regression method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anti-HEV IgG antibody detection rate among residents of Settlement No. 1 was 14.4%, significantly higher compared to residents of Settlement No. 2 (3.9%) and other regions of the AR (3.8%). The independent predictors of HEV seropositivity were residence in Settlement No. 1 (OR = 6.32) and age (OR = 1.06). The detection rates of anti-HEV IgG antibody were 96.4% among pigs and 92.8% among reindeer. Despite the high seroprevalence among reindeer, reindeer herders and their family members were not a risk group for HEV infection (OR = 0.8). No HEV RNA was detected in animal samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HEV seroprevalence rate detected among the population of the AR corresponds to the Russian average level. Pig farm workers and their family members are at increased risk of HEV infection, which justifies the need to develop preventive measures for this group. The high seroprevalence among reindeer requires further molecular research to clarify their role as a zoonotic reservoir of HEV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 4","pages":"391-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem of the universality of biological models for <i>in vitro</i> replication of virulent and attenuated strains of African swine fever virus (<i>Asfarviridae</i>: <i>Asfivirus</i>), classical swine fever virus (<i>Flaviviridae</i>: <i>Pestivirus</i>), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (<i>Arteriviridae</i>: <i>Betaarterivirus</i>).","authors":"D S Moiseenko, A S Sadchikova, E V Chernyshova, A S Igolkin, N I Bakhtieva, E G Kuznetsova, N A Kolchanov, E A Trofimova, I V Vologina, V L Gavrilova, O S Puzankova, R S Chernyshev","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The current state of pig industry in Russia is characterized by the dominance of pig farms of III-IV compartments and a reduction in livestock in private subsidiary and peasant farms against the background of the spread of infectious diseases, mainly caused by viruses of African and classical swine fever (ASFV and CSFV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV). The classical method of virus cultivation <i>in vitro</i> is still relevant for the diagnosis of diseases, isolation of relevant strains, studying their properties, attenuation, and obtaining vaccine raw materials. The aim of the study is to select of a universal biological model for <i>in vitro</i> replication of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV based on the analysis of permissiveness levels of various cell cultures (primary cell cultures, subcultures, and continuous cell lines).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study utilized known virulent, vaccine, and attenuated strains of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV. Five primary cell cultures, two subcultures and eleven transferable cell lines / sublines were tested. The degree of tolerance was calculated based on the results of semi-quantitative estimates using the real-time PCR method for five consecutive passages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For <i>in vitro</i> replication of both virulent and attenuated strains of ASFV, the optimal biological models were primary cell cultures of pBMC, PAM, PL, PS, ST, and PK. For the virulent strain of CSFV, the following were optimal: PAM, PL, ST, PK, PS, RRC, and PK-15 (ATCC). For the vaccine strain of CSFV, the optimal models were synovial membrane subcultures of lamb (MSO/ARRIAH) and kid (MSC/ARRIAH), as well as ST, PAM, PL, and PS. For virulent strains of PRRSV, both American and European types, the optimal model was the primary cell culture PAM. For the attenuated strain of American-type PRRSV, PAM, PL, and MA-104 were suitable, while for the attenuated strain of European-type PRRSV, PAM, PL, and Marc-145 were optimal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It has been established that some primary cell cultures, such as PAM and PL, with a predominance of mononuclear cells are universal biological models for the in vitro reproduction of virulent and attenuated strains of ASFV, CSFV, and PRRSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 4","pages":"336-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> laboratory models for Orthopoxviruses (<i>Poxviridae</i>: <i>Orthopoxvirus</i>): current approaches, limitations, and future perspectives].","authors":"S S Kilibayev, M S Tuyskanova, M A Azanbekova, K D Zhugunissov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents a review of modern experimental models used for the study of orthopoxvirus infections. The biological characteristics and pathogenesis of orthopoxviruses are discussed, including mechanisms of replication, immune evasion, and interspecies transmission. Particular attention is paid to the relevance of these studies in connection with the increasing incidence of zoonotic infections caused by monkeypox virus, camelpox virus, cowpox virus, and other representatives of the genus <i>Orthopoxvirus</i>. An analysis of current<i> in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models used to investigate viral pathogenesis, replication, evaluation of antiviral drugs, and vaccine development is provided. The cultural properties of various orthopoxviruses in Vero, RK-13, CV-1, HaCaT, and other cell lines are described. The advantages and limitations of models involving primates, mice, rabbits, prairie dogs, and alternative reservoir species are considered. It is shown that the combined use of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> systems represents the most effective approach for studying orthopoxvirus infections, developing vaccines and antiviral agents, and assessing potential epidemiological risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 4","pages":"320-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes of the poultry infected with fowl adenoviruses (<i>Adenoviridae: Aviadenovirus</i>).","authors":"Y R Zelensky, I N Gromov, O A Chupina, M S Volkov, N V Moroz","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are infectious pathogens causing significant economic losses in poultry industry. Molecular, pathoanatomic, and pathomorphological methods are used for laboratory diagnosis of FAdV infection. The clinical picture and postmortem lesions are not sufficient to diagnose, unlike histological analysis. Histological examination reveals basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies considered a pathognomonic sign of FAdV infection. Despite the informative value of the histological method, it has a limitation - the long duration of the procedure, which ranges from 5 to10 days, or, in some cases, several weeks. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of pathohistological and pathomorphological changes in the liver cells of chicks infected with avian adenovirus type E, and to develop a cytological diagnostic method based on the preparation and staining of smear imprints to detect, under a microscope, specific inclusions in hepatocytes, which are a pathognomonic sign of avian adenovirus infections.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Liver samples collected from intact and infected with field FAdV-E isolate 13-day-old SPF chicken embryos were used for preparation of histological sections and imprint smears.The imprint smears were stained with azure-eosin for 60 minutes, and conventionally Gram stained. Microscopy was performed in transmitted light at magnifications ranging from ×80 to ×1000.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Characteristic basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (large, blue-violet, rounded inclusion bodies) were detected in histological sections. In the Romanowsky-Giemsa stained imprint smears, the inclusion bodies were also detected within the areas of hepatocyte lysis. When Gram staining was used, the basophilic staining of both lymphocyte nuclei and inclusion bodies made their identification difficult.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Microscopy of liver imprint smears stained according to Romanowsky-Giemsa is promising method due to its simplicity, time efficiency, lower reagent and equipment costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 4","pages":"370-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of non-polio enteroviruses (<i>Picornaviridae, Enterovirus</i>) isolated from clinical specimens and wastewater samples collected in Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.","authors":"K A Antonenkov, N I Romanenkova, Y V Ostankova, V A Evseeva, M A Blokhinova, O I Kanaeva, T V Arbuzova","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Enteroviruses (genus <i>Enterovirus</i>, family <i>Picornaviridae)</i> are one of the common causes of infectious diseases with neurological and dermatological manifestations in children. Surveillance of these viruses is carried out as part of the program Epidemiological surveillance and prevention of enterovirus (non-polio) infection for 2023-2027.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the type diversity of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) isolated from clinical specimens and wastewater samples collected in Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, and to perform molecular epidemiological characterization of <i>Coxsackievirus </i>B5<i> </i>isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Stool samples were collected from resident children with clinical symptoms, healthy migrants under 5 years of age; wastewater samples were also included in the study. Enterovirus isolation was performed by inoculation of specimens onto RD, HEp-2, and L20B cell cultures. Molecular genetic methods included PCR, Sanger sequencing, nucleotide sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis using the R programming language. Estimation of tMRCA and construction of nucleotide identity heatmaps were performed using TreeTime and SDTv 1.3 software, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 NPEV types were identified. At the species level, <i>Enterovirus betacoxsackie</i> predominated - 53/71 (74.6%; 95% CI: 62.9-84.2%), followed by <i>Enterovirus alphacoxsackie</i> - 17/71 (23.9%; 95% CI: 14.6-35.5%), and <i>Enterovirus coxsackiepol</i> - 1/71 (1.4%; 95% CI: 0.04-7.6%). In Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, viruses belonging to Enterovirus betacoxsackie were most frequently detected: <i>Coxsackievirus </i>B5 (12.7%), ECHO 11 (11.3%), ECHO 13 (8.5%), ECHO 14 (8.5%), and ECHO 6 (8.5%). A notable prevalence of ECHO 25 (5.6%) and ECHO 29 (5.6%) was also observed. A comprehensive analysis of the phylogenetic tree, nucleotide identity heatmap, and tMRCA estimates showed that the CVB5 strains isolated from resident children in 2018 and from migrant children in 2021 belonged to two distinct genetic lineages, indicating multiple independent introductions of the virus into the Russian Federation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The frequent detection of <i>Enterovirus betacoxsackie</i> in the studied collection of isolates and the identification of two genetic lineages of Coxsackievirus B5 confirm the complexity of its epidemiological dynamics and highlight the necessity of continuous surveillance for the timely detection of new genetic variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 4","pages":"357-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Genetic characteristics of adenoviruses (<i>Adenoviridae</i>: <i>Mastadenovirus</i>) circulating among military personnel with respiratory infections during the 2023-2024 season in the Sverdlovsk Region].","authors":"I A Korotkova, A E Chernysheva, I S Mukhachev, O I Mamontov, M A Kildyashov, A Y Markaryan, A V Semenov","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-365","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relevance of the conducted study is determined by the high epidemiological significance of adenovirus in the structure of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), particularly among military personnel. Previously, adenovirus was identified in 90% of cases of patients with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalised from organised military groups, leading to significant lung damage, various disabling complications, and possible fatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of adenoviruses detected in patients with respiratory infections among military personnel during the 2023-2024 influenza and ARVI epidemic season in the Sverdlovsk Region.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sanger sequencing was performed for 79 clinical samples (nasopharyngeal swabs) that tested positive for adenovirus. The samples were collected from military personnel exhibiting symptoms of ARVI who were receiving treatment in military medical institutions in the Sverdlovsk Region during the 2023-2024 influenza and ARVI epidemic season (October to February).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six genetic variants of adenovirus were identified: B3, B7, B14, B55, C2, and C5, with genotype B55 being predominant and associated with severe and moderately severe disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides insight into the genetic diversity of adenoviruses circulating among military personnel in the Sverdlovsk Region during the 2023-2024 epidemic season. Genetic surveillance of circulating adenoviruses is essential for developing specific preventive measures, improving non-specific prevention methods, and identifying optimal drugs for aetiotropic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 2","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viruses that heal: harnessing bacteriophages in the era of antibiotic resistance.","authors":"T A Awotundun, O J Samson, A A Olanbiwoninu","doi":"10.36233/0507-4088-366","DOIUrl":"10.36233/0507-4088-366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an urgent threat to public health, and novel alternatives to traditional antibiotics are needed. One of the most promising options is bacteriophages, viruses that infect and destroy bacteria. Once overshadowed by the discovery of antibiotics, phage therapy is now regaining attention, driven by advances in genomics, synthetic biology, and targeted medicine. This review examines the biology, diversity, and therapeutic use of bacteriophages in treating bacterial infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. It also discusses how phages act through natural mechanisms, such as lytic enzymes (holins, endolysins, and muralysins), and highlights new genetic engineering techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas systems, phage recombineering, and synthetic genome reboots. In addition to clinical applications, we evaluate phages as biocontrol agents for food safety, environmental sanitation, and biofilm management. Additionally, the article explores key issues in phage therapy, including regulatory frameworks, formulation stability, dynamics of phage-host resistance, and the importance of rapid diagnosis. When properly integrated into modern health and biotechnology practices, bacteriophages offer significant potential and a sustainable solution to the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23669,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy virusologii","volume":"71 2","pages":"91-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}