Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"In vitro phenotypic characterisation of two genotype I African swine fever viruses with genomic deletion isolated from Sardinian wild boars.","authors":"Giulia Franzoni, Mariangela S Fiori, Lorena Mura, Tania Carta, Antonello Di Nardo, Matteo Floris, Luca Ferretti, Susanna Zinellu, Pier Paolo Angioi, Anna Maria Sechi, Francesca Carusillo, Diego Brundu, Manlio Fadda, Riccardo Bazzardi, Monica Giammarioli, Stefano Cappai, Silvia Dei Giudici, Annalisa Oggiano","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01332-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01332-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a devastating disease affecting domestic and wild pigs. ASF was first introduced in Sardinia in 1978 and until 2019 only genotype I isolates were identified. A remarkable genetic stability of Sardinian ASFV isolates was described, nevertheless in 2019 two wild boar isolates with a sustained genomic deletion (4342 base pairs) were identified (7303WB/19, 7212WB/19). In this study, we therefore performed in vitro experiments with monocyte-derived macrophages (moMФ) to unravel the phenotypic characteristics of these deleted viruses. Both 7303WB/19 and 7212WB/19 presented a lower growth kinetic in moMФ compared to virulent Sardinian 26544/OG10, using either a high (1) or a low (0.01) multiplicity of infection (MOI). In addition, flow cytometric analysis showed that both 7303WB/19 and 7212WB/19 presented lower intracellular levels of both early and late ASFV proteins. We subsequently investigated whether deleted virus variants were previously circulating in wild boars in Sardinia. In the four years preceding the last genotype I isolation (February 2015-January 2019), other eight wild boar isolates were collected, all belonging to p72 genotype I, B602L subgroup X, but none of them presented a sustained genomic deletion. Overall, we observed the deleted virus isolates in Sardinia only in 2019, at the end of a strong eradication campaign, and our data suggest that it might possess an attenuated phenotype in vivo. A better understanding of ASFV evolution in endemic territories might contribute to development of effective control measures against ASF.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11157848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning approach as an early warning system to prevent foodborne Salmonella outbreaks in northwestern Italy","authors":"Aitor Garcia-Vozmediano, Cristiana Maurella, Leonardo A. Ceballos, Elisabetta Crescio, Rosa Meo, Walter Martelli, Monica Pitti, Daniela Lombardi, Daniela Meloni, Chiara Pasqualini, Giuseppe Ru","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01323-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01323-9","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonellosis, one of the most common foodborne infections in Europe, is monitored by food safety surveillance programmes, resulting in the generation of extensive databases. By leveraging tree-based machine learning (ML) algorithms, we exploited data from food safety audits to predict spatiotemporal patterns of salmonellosis in northwestern Italy. Data on human cases confirmed in 2015–2018 (n = 1969) and food surveillance data collected in 2014–2018 were used to develop ML algorithms. We integrated the monthly municipal human incidence with 27 potential predictors, including the observed prevalence of Salmonella in food. We applied the tree regression, random forest and gradient boosting algorithms considering different scenarios and evaluated their predictivity in terms of the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and R2. Using a similar dataset from the year 2019, spatiotemporal predictions and their relative sensitivities and specificities were obtained. Random forest and gradient boosting (R2 = 0.55, MAPE = 7.5%) outperformed the tree regression algorithm (R2 = 0.42, MAPE = 8.8%). Salmonella prevalence in food; spatial features; and monitoring efforts in ready-to-eat milk, fruits and vegetables, and pig meat products contributed the most to the models’ predictivity, reducing the variance by 90.5%. Conversely, the number of positive samples obtained for specific food matrices minimally influenced the predictions (2.9%). Spatiotemporal predictions for 2019 showed sensitivity and specificity levels of 46.5% (due to the lack of some infection hotspots) and 78.5%, respectively. This study demonstrates the added value of integrating data from human and veterinary health services to develop predictive models of human salmonellosis occurrence, providing early warnings useful for mitigating foodborne disease impacts on public health.","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon-gamma producing CD4⁺ T cells quantified by flow cytometry as early markers for Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle.","authors":"Hakan Bulun, Philip S Bridger, Simone Schillinger, Ömer Akineden, Stefanie A Barth, Marta Fischer, Manfred Henrich, Torsten Seeger, Klaus Doll, Michael Bülte, Rolf Bauerfeind, Christian Menge","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01324-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01324-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current diagnostic methods for Johne's disease in cattle allow reliable detection of infections with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) not before animals are 2 years of age. Applying a flow cytometry-based approach (FCA) to quantify a MAP-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) response in T cell subsets, the present study sought to monitor the kinetics of the cell-mediated immune response in experimentally infected calves. Six MAP-negative calves and six calves, orally inoculated with MAP at 10 days of age, were sampled every 4 weeks for 52 weeks post-inoculation (wpi). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with either purified protein derivatives (PPD) or whole cell sonicates derived from MAP (WCSj), M. avium ssp. avium or M. phlei for 6 days followed by labeling of intracellular IFN-γ in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. No antigen-specific IFN-γ production was detectable in CD8⁺ cells throughout and the responses of CD4⁺ cells of MAP-infected and control calves were similar up to 12 wpi. However, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for the detection of IFN-γ in CD4⁺ cells after WCSj antigen stimulation allowed for a differentiation of animal groups from 16 wpi onwards. This approach had a superior sensitivity (87.8%) and specificity (86.8%) to detect infected animals from 16 wpi onwards, i.e., in an early infection stage, as compared to the IFN-γ release assay (IGRA). Quantification of specific IFN-γ production at the level of individual CD4⁺ cells may serve, therefore, as a valuable tool to identify MAP-infected juvenile cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11143577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FdeC expression regulates motility and adhesion of the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain IMT5155.","authors":"Adrianna Aleksandrowicz, Rikke Brødsgaard Kjærup, Krzysztof Grzymajło, Fernando Garcia Martinez, Javier Muñoz, Dominika Borowska, Samantha Sives, Lonneke Vervelde, Tina Sørensen Dalgaard, Robert A Kingsley, Rafał Kolenda","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01327-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01327-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptation of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) to changing host environments including virulence factors expression is vital for disease progression. FdeC is an autotransporter adhesin that plays a role in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) adhesion to epithelial cells. Expression of fdeC is known to be regulated by environmental conditions in UPEC and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). The observation in a previous study that an APEC strain IMT5155 in which the fdeC gene was disrupted by a transposon insertion resulted in elevated adhesion to chicken intestinal cells prompted us to further explore the role of fdeC in infection. We found that the fdeC gene prevalence and FdeC variant prevalence differed between APEC and nonpathogenic E. coli genomes. Expression of the fdeC gene was induced at host body temperature, an infection relevant condition. Disruption of fdeC resulted in greater adhesion to CHIC-8E11 cells and increased motility at 42 °C compared to wild type (WT) and higher expression of multiple transporter proteins that increased inorganic ion export. Increased motility may be related to increased inorganic ion export since this resulted in downregulation of YbjN, a protein known to supress motility. Inactivation of fdeC in APEC strain IMT5155 resulted in a weaker immune response in chickens compared to WT in experimental infections. Our findings suggest that FdeC is upregulated in the host and contributes to interactions with the host by down-modulating motility during colonization. A thorough understanding of the regulation and function of FdeC could provide novel insights into E. coli pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11143625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropathological lesions in intravenous BCG-stimulated K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Lidia Sánchez-Morales, Néstor Porras, Teresa García-Seco, Marta Pérez-Sancho, Fátima Cruz, Blanca Chinchilla, Sandra Barroso-Arévalo, Marta Diaz-Frutos, Aránzazu Buendía, Inmaculada Moreno, Víctor Briones, María de Los Ángeles Risalde, José de la Fuente, Ramón Juste, Joseba Garrido, Ana Balseiro, Christian Gortázar, Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos, Mercedes Domínguez, Lucas Domínguez","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01325-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01325-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, questions emerged about the potential effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the neurodegenerative diseases it may contribute to. To explore this, an experimental study was carried out in BCG-stimulated and non-stimulated k18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Viral loads in tissues determined by RT-qPCR, histopathology in brain and lungs, immunohistochemical study in brain (IHC) as well as mortality rates, clinical signs and plasma inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers were assessed. Our results showed BCG-SARS-CoV-2 challenged mice presented higher viral loads in the brain and an increased frequency of neuroinvasion, with the greatest differences observed between groups at 3-4 days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological examination showed a higher severity of brain lesions in BCG-SARS-CoV-2 challenged mice, mainly consisting of neuroinflammation, increased glial cell population and neuronal degeneration, from 5 dpi onwards. This group also presented higher interstitial pneumonia and vascular thrombosis in lungs (3-4 dpi), BCG-SARS-CoV-2 mice showed higher values for TNF-α and D-dimer values, while iNOS values were higher in SARS-CoV-2 mice at 3-4 dpi. Results presented in this study indicate that BCG stimulation could have intensified the inflammatory and neurodegenerative lesions promoting virus neuroinvasion and dissemination in this experimental model. Although k18-hACE2 mice show higher hACE2 expression and neurodissemination, this study suggests that, although the benefits of BCG on enhancing heterologous protection against pathogens and tumour cells have been broadly demonstrated, potential adverse outcomes due to the non-specific effects of BCG should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11143641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudorabies virus hijacks the Rab6 protein to promote viral assembly and egress.","authors":"Dong-Ge Liang, Yu-Kun Guo, Shi-Bo Zhao, Guo-Yu Yang, Ying-Qian Han, Bei-Bei Chu, Sheng-Li Ming","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01328-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01328-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is recognized as the aetiological agent responsible for Aujeszky's disease, or pseudorabies, in swine populations. Rab6, a member of the small GTPase family, is implicated in various membrane trafficking processes, particularly exocytosis regulation. Its involvement in PRV infection, however, has not been documented previously. In our study, we observed a significant increase in the Rab6 mRNA and protein levels in both PK-15 porcine kidney epithelial cells and porcine alveolar macrophages, as well as in the lungs and spleens of mice infected with PRV. The overexpression of wild-type Rab6 and its GTP-bound mutant facilitated PRV proliferation, whereas the GDP-bound mutant form of Rab6 had no effect on viral propagation. These findings indicated that the GTPase activity of Rab6 was crucial for the successful spread of PRV. Further investigations revealed that the reduction in Rab6 levels through knockdown significantly hampered PRV proliferation and disrupted virus assembly and egress. At the molecular level, Rab6 was found to interact with the PRV glycoproteins gB and gE, both of which are essential for viral assembly and egress. Our results collectively suggest that PRV exploits Rab6 to expedite its assembly and egress and identify Rab6 as a promising novel target for therapeutic treatment for PRV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11134627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ursonic acid from medicinal herbs inhibits PRRSV replication through activation of the innate immune response by targeting the phosphatase PTPN1.","authors":"Yuanqi Yang, Yanni Gao, Haifeng Sun, Juan Bai, Jie Zhang, Lujie Zhang, Xing Liu, Yangyang Sun, Ping Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01316-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01316-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), has caused substantial economic losses to the global swine industry due to the lack of effective commercial vaccines and drugs. There is an urgent need to develop alternative strategies for PRRS prevention and control, such as antiviral drugs. In this study, we identified ursonic acid (UNA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid from medicinal herbs, as a novel drug with anti-PRRSV activity in vitro. Mechanistically, a time-of-addition assay revealed that UNA inhibited PRRSV replication when it was added before, at the same time as, and after PRRSV infection was induced. Compound target prediction and molecular docking analysis suggested that UNA interacts with the active pocket of PTPN1, which was further confirmed by a target protein interference assay and phosphatase activity assay. Furthermore, UNA inhibited PRRSV replication by targeting PTPN1, which inhibited IFN-β production. In addition, UNA displayed antiviral activity against porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and Seneca virus A (SVA) replication in vitro. These findings will be helpful for developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic agents against PRRS and other swine virus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11118551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of oral administration of microcin Y on growth performance, intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota of chicks challenged with Salmonella Pullorum.","authors":"Wenjing Li, Zhiwei Zeng, Di Zhou, Guyao Wang, Zepeng Wang, Yu Li, Yu Han, Miaomiao Qin, Changqi Luo, Saixiang Feng, Weisheng Cao","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01321-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01321-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lasso peptide microcin Y (MccY) effectively inhibits various serotypes of Salmonella in vitro, but the antibacterial effect against S. Pullorum in poultry is still unclear. This study was the first to evaluate the safety and anti-S. Pullorum infection of MccY in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. The safety test showed that the body weight, IgA and IgM levels of serum, and cecal microbiota structure of 3 groups of chicks orally administrated with different doses of MccY (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg) for 14 days were not significantly different from those of the control group. Then, the chicks were randomized into 3 groups for the experiment of anti-S. Pullorum infection: (I) negative control group (NC), (II) S. Pullorum-challenged group (SP, 5 × 10⁸ CFU/bird), (III) MccY-treated group (MccY, 20 mg/kg). The results indicated that compared to the SP group, treatment of MccY increased body weight and average daily gain (P < 0.05), reduced S. Pullorum burden in feces, liver, and cecum (P < 0.05), enhanced the thymus, and decreased the spleen and liver index (P < 0.05). Additionally, MccY increased the jejunal villus height, lowered the jejunal and ileal crypt depth (P < 0.05), and upregulated the expression of IL-4, IL-10, ZO-1 in the jejunum and ileum, as well as CLDN-1 in the jejunum (P < 0.05) compared to the SP group. Furthermore, MccY increased probiotic flora (Barnesiella, etc.), while decreasing (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of pathogenic flora (Escherichia and Salmonella, etc.) compared to the SP group.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11112776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review on bovine tuberculosis highlights the need for novel data streams and analytical approaches to curb zoonotic diseases.","authors":"Kimberly Conteddu, Holly M English, Andrew W Byrne, Bawan Amin, Laura L Griffin, Prabhleen Kaur, Virginia Morera-Pujol, Kilian J Murphy, Michael Salter-Townshend, Adam F Smith, Simone Ciuti","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01314-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01314-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zoonotic diseases represent a significant societal challenge in terms of their health and economic impacts. One Health approaches to managing zoonotic diseases are becoming more prevalent, but require novel thinking, tools and cross-disciplinary collaboration. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one example of a costly One Health challenge with a complex epidemiology involving humans, domestic animals, wildlife and environmental factors, which require sophisticated collaborative approaches. We undertook a scoping review of multi-host bTB epidemiology to identify trends in species publication focus, methodologies, and One Health approaches. We aimed to identify knowledge gaps where novel research could provide insights to inform control policy, for bTB and other zoonoses. The review included 532 articles. We found different levels of research attention across episystems, with a significant proportion of the literature focusing on the badger-cattle-TB episystem, with far less attention given to tropical multi-host episystems. We found a limited number of studies focusing on management solutions and their efficacy, with very few studies looking at modelling exit strategies. Only a small number of studies looked at the effect of human disturbances on the spread of bTB involving wildlife hosts. Most of the studies we reviewed focused on the effect of badger vaccination and culling on bTB dynamics with few looking at how roads, human perturbations and habitat change may affect wildlife movement and disease spread. Finally, we observed a lack of studies considering the effect of weather variables on bTB spread, which is particularly relevant when studying zoonoses under climate change scenarios. Significant technological and methodological advances have been applied to bTB episystems, providing explicit insights into its spread and maintenance across populations. We identified a prominent bias towards certain species and locations. Generating more high-quality empirical data on wildlife host distribution and abundance, high-resolution individual behaviours and greater use of mathematical models and simulations are key areas for future research. Integrating data sources across disciplines, and a \"virtuous cycle\" of well-designed empirical data collection linked with mathematical and simulation modelling could provide additional gains for policy-makers and managers, enabling optimised bTB management with broader insights for other zoonoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11110237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenicity and escape to pre-existing immunity of a new genotype of swine influenza H1N2 virus that emerged in France in 2020.","authors":"Céline Deblanc, Stéphane Quéguiner, Stéphane Gorin, Gautier Richard, Angélique Moro, Nicolas Barbier, Gérald Le Diguerher, Frédéric Paboeuf, Séverine Hervé, Gaëlle Simon","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01319-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01319-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2020, a new genotype of swine H1N2 influenza virus (H1_avN2-HA 1C.2.4) was identified in France. It rapidly spread within the pig population and supplanted the previously predominant H1_avN1-HA 1C.2.1 virus. To characterize this new genotype which is genetically and antigenically distant from the other H1_avNx viruses detected in France, an experimental study was conducted to compare the outcomes of H1_avN2 and H1_avN1 infections in pigs and evaluate the protection conferred by the only inactivated vaccine currently licensed in Europe containing an HA 1C (clade 1C.2.2) antigen. Infection with H1_avN2 induced stronger clinical signs and earlier shedding than H1_avN1. The neutralizing antibodies produced following H1_avN2 infection were unable to neutralize H1_avN1, and vice versa, whereas the cellular-mediated immunity cross-reacted. Vaccination slightly altered the impact of H1_avN2 infection at the clinical level, but did not prevent shedding of infectious virus particles. It induced a cellular-mediated immune response towards H1_avN2, but did not produce neutralizing antibodies against this virus. As in vaccinated animals, animals previously infected by H1_avN1 developed a cross-reacting cellular immune response but no neutralizing antibodies against H1_avN2. However, H1_avN1 pre-infection induced a better protection against the H1_avN2 infection than vaccination, probably due to higher levels of non-neutralizing antibodies and a mucosal immunity. Altogether, these results showed that the new H1_avN2 genotype induced a severe respiratory infection and that the actual vaccine was less effective against this H1_avN2-HA 1C.2.4 than against H1_avN1-HA 1C.2.1, which may have contributed to the H1_avN2 epizootic and dissemination in pig farms in France.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11110284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}