Virologica Sinica最新文献

{"title":"Genetic analysis of human adenovirus type 108 circulating in China during 2014-2024.","authors":"Jinjin Wang, Ling Jing, Yali Duan, Junhong Ai, Yun Zhu, Ran Wang, Xiangpeng Chen, Gen Lu, Yun Sun, Changchong Li, Rong Jin, Yunxiao Shang, Yixiao Bao, Shuhua An, Yunlian Zhou, Limin Ning, Baoping Xu, Yuhai Bi, Zhengde Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human adenovirus type 108 (HAdV-108) has been detected in multiple countries, including China, and is associated with severe acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children, with reported fatalities. However, studies on HAdV-108 remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of HAdV-108 in ARI children in China. From 2014 to 2024, 6720 respiratory samples were collected from hospitalized children with ARI at ten hospitals across northern and southern China between 2014 and 2024, of which 505 (7.51%) tested positive for HAdV. The whole-genome and three major capsid protein genes were amplified and sequenced for bioinformatics analysis, which revealed that among 317 HAdV-isolated samples, 21 (6.62%) were identified as HAdV-108, ranking third after HAdV-114 and HAdV-7. Clinical analysis of HAdV-108-positive cases showed that the main manifestations were cough and fever. Seven children had gastrointestinal symptoms, and two children without underlying diseases were diagnosed with severe pneumonia. Phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequences revealed distinct predominant epidemic branches between domestic and international strains, with one strain obtained in this study forming an independent branch. Hexon protein exhibited the fastest evolution rate, lowest identity, and greatest amino acid variability, while fiber protein displayed the slowest evolution rate, highest identity, and greatest conservation and stability. Compared with the earliest reported HAdV-108 strain, three amino acid deletions were identified in the RGD loop region of penton base protein, resulting in potential structural change. Recombination analysis identified five distinct recombination patterns. In vitro experiments demonstrated that HAdV-108 had proliferation capacity comparable to other species C adenoviruses. In summary, HAdV-108 has persistently circulated in China, causing severe ARIs and concurrent gastrointestinal manifestations. Cluster3 was the predominant epidemic branch in China. HAdV-108 exhibited significant intra-type genetic variation, with random and diverse recombination events.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antisera and antivirals targeting the conserved domains in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit are effective against ACE2-using MERSr-CoVs with spillover potential.","authors":"Lujia Sun, Bianying Feng, Zezhong Liu, Jingqi Chen, Xiangwen Hao, Shuai Xia, Lu Lu, Qiuhong Man, Shibo Jiang, Xinling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Safe and Broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine with a New Delivery System for In-situ Expression.","authors":"Weiyi Yu, Xianying Chen, Qiubing Chen, Peixuan Chen, Naizhang Liu, Yingjian Li, Xue Tan, Qiuhan Zhang, Yan Rao, Ming Guo, Zhixiang Huang, Xin Wang, Zhen Zhang, Wenjie Xiang, Yuzhen Zhang, Qianyun Liu, Hao Yin, Li Zhou, Yu Chen, Ke Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, the cumulative number of confirmed cases worldwide has surpassed 778 million, and the number of deaths has exceeded 7 million, posing a significant threat to human life and health while inflicting enormous losses on the global economy. At the stage where sequential immunization is recommended, there is a pressing demand for mRNA vaccines that can be rapidly adapted to new sequences, are easy to industrialize, and exhibit high safety and effectiveness. We developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) system, designated as WNP, which facilitates essentially in situ expression at the injection site and results in lower levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the liver, thus enhancing its safety compared to liver-targeted alternatives. Furthermore, in light of the swiftly mutating characteristic of SARS-CoV-2, a study has used cross-lineage chimeras and mutation patch strategies to design an antigen that is highly immunogenic and can stimulate the production of a broad range of effective antibodies. Therefore, we used the same antigenic configuration of RBD including five key mutation sites (K417T, L452R, T478K, E484K, and N501Y) to achieve optimal broad-spectrum efficacy. Our results indicated that WNP can elicit a humoral immunity response that is as robust as that of SM-102, a stronger cellular immune response, and provide a certain protective effect. On top of that, WNP can be applied to the development of vaccines targeting other pathogens and will contribute to a quicker response to the spillovers of unknown mammalian viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ubiquitously expressed transcript isoform 2 (UXT-V2) restricts HSV-2 replication by targeting glycoprotein B for degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.","authors":"Chuntian Li, Yuncheng Li, Ranqing Cheng, Miaomiao Li, Mudan Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhu, Ping Yang, Qinxue Hu, Yalan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a major pathogen causing neonatal herpes and increasing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, the mechanisms underlying host restriction of HSV-2 infection are still not fully understood. The ubiquitously expressed transcript isoform 2 (UXT-V2), an α-type prefoldin protein, functions as a versatile transcription factor associated with numerous human tumors, but its role in viral infection remains unclear. In this study, we found that ectopic expression of UXT-V2 significantly inhibited HSV-2 replication, while knockout of endogenously expressed UXT-V2 promoted HSV-2 proliferation. Further analysis revealed that UXT-V2 restricts HSV-2 replication independent of its role in regulating NF-κB. In the context of HSV-2 infection or in viral glycoprotein B (gB)-transfected cells, UXT-V2 facilitates K48-linked ubiquitination of gB, leading to its degradation via the proteasome pathway, thereby inhibiting viral replication. Furthermore, we identified that UXT-V2 interacts with gB, recruiting the E3 ligase TRIM21 to facilitate K48-linked ubiquitination of gB. HSV-2, in turn, reduces the abundance of UXT-V2 proteins both in vitro and in mice, highlighting the complexity of HSV-2-host interactions. Collectively, our findings, for the first time, demonstrate an anti-HSV-2 role of UXT-V2, unveiling a novel host immune defense mechanism involved in regulating glycoprotein homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antigenic and structural insights into a Henipavirus attachment glycoprotein.","authors":"Yaohui Li, Xiaoyan Huang, Xiaodong Zai, Chenfeng Mao, Ruihua Li, Yamei Feng, Yue Zhang, Zhang Zhang, Jun Zhang, Junjie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The novel henipavirus, Langya henipavirus (LayV), was identified in China in 2022. The invasion of host cells by the henipavirus is facilitated through the interaction between viral attachment (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins with receptors on the cell surface. The G proteins of LayV and Mojiang virus (MojV) exhibit high amino acid homology (86%), while they are located in a unique evolutionary clade within the Henipavirus genus. The crystal structure of the LayV G protein was resolved at a 3.4 Å resolution, revealing a head domain with six β-propeller-like domains and an absence of glycosylation modifications that is distinct from other henipavirus G proteins, such as those of Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV). Furthermore, the prominent loop in the center cavity of the LayV G protein causes unique structural features. The LayV G protein was unable to bind to the existing henipavirus-neutralizing antibodies or the ephrin B2 receptors. Immunogenicity studies in mice demonstrated robust antibody responses elicited by the LayV G protein. These antibodies exhibited strong reactivity against both LayV and MojV G proteins. However, only weak cross-reactivity was observed with other henipaviruses. These findings underscore the need for tailored vaccines and therapeutics for LayV and related novel henipaviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 16th national virology symposium concludes: Sustaining academic exchanges and innovations in China's virology.","authors":"Jiali Si, Ying Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of global research output on viral vaccines and antivirals in the 21st century.","authors":"Lili Ma, Wei Pan, Miaomiao Yan, Jiali Si","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptor protein complex 1 gamma 1 subunit is an important host factor involved in both Zika virus and dengue virus infections.","authors":"Jinna Yang, Changbai Huang, Yao Feng, Junfang He, Yang Liu, Ping Zhang, Chao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV), cause diverse severe clinical manifestations including fever, rash, hepatitis, arthralgia, and congenital anomalies. Here, we identified a host factor, the adaptor protein complex 1 gamma 1 subunit (AP1G1), which plays an important role in both ZIKV and dengue virus 2 (DENV2) infections. We explored the role of AP1G1 in ZIKV and DENV2 infections using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and RNA interference (RNAi) techniques. Knockout or silencing of AP1G1 decreases the replication of ZIKV and DENV2 in multiple human cell lines. Intriguingly, depletion of AP1G1 results in a significant reduction in ZIKV at an early stage, but decreases DENV2 replication levels during the late stage, suggesting that AP1G1 plays distinct roles in the infection by ZIKV and DENV2. Furthermore, we determined that AP1G1 mediates ZIKV-endosomal membrane fusion through inhibitor experiments and fluorescence labeling assays. Mechanistically, we found that AP1G1 exerts its pro-viral effect through binding to the ZIKV envelope glycoprotein (E protein). This interaction promotes the fusion of viral and endosomal membranes, during which the ZIKV genomic RNAs are released from the endosome into the cytoplasm, a process that facilitates viral replication. However, for DENV2 infection, AP1G1 primarily affects its viral RNA replication stage, rather than the fusion of virus-endosomal membrane. Taken together, our work demonstrates that AP1G1 plays a pro-viral role in both ZIKV and DENV2 infections via distinct mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for antiviral strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The coronavirus 3CL protease: Unveiling its complex host interactions and central role in viral pathogenesis","authors":"Yecheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinlei Ji ,&nbsp;Dan Huang ,&nbsp;Gen Lu ,&nbsp;Xinwen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 3CL protease, a highly conserved enzyme in the coronavirus, plays a crucial role in the viral life cycle by facilitating viral replication through precise cleavage of polyproteins. Beyond its proteolytic function, the 3CL protease also engages in intricate interactions with host cell proteins involved in critical cellular processes such as transcription, translation, and nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, effectively hijacking cellular machinery to promote viral replication. Additionally, it disrupts innate immune signaling pathways, suppresses interferon activity and cleaves antiviral proteins. Furthermore, it modulates host cell death pathways including pyroptosis and apoptosis, interferes with autophagy and inhibits stress granule formation to maintain viral infection and exacerbate viral pathogenesis. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms by which the 3CL protease orchestrates virus-host interactions, emphasizing its central role in coronavirus pathogenesis and highlighting potential therapeutic targets for future interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 509-519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STAT5-c-Myc-axis regulates B cell metabolism in vaccinated individuals and COVID-19 recovered patients","authors":"Lu Yang ,&nbsp;Linhua Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Liu ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuexin Luo ,&nbsp;Junbiao Xue ,&nbsp;Xinpu Yang ,&nbsp;Maria G. Byazrova ,&nbsp;Alexander V. Filatov ,&nbsp;Sheng-Ce Tao ,&nbsp;Wei Xiao ,&nbsp;Chaohong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination both trigger immune responses. The former leads to naturally acquired immunity, while the latter induces active immunity through artificial means. However, the distinct immune effects of vaccination and infection, as well as their underlying mechanisms, require further clarification. In this study, we compared the peripheral B cell differentiation, serological differences and the expression level of BCR signaling molecules between the vaccinated and recovered group. The vaccinated group exhibited reduced RBD-specific B cell differentiation and lower CD86 signal intensity on memory B cells, but enhanced BCR signaling in B cells. Regarding metabolic signaling, the vaccinated group had elevated expression levels of pS6, c-Myc, pmTOR, and pSTAT5, suggesting that the STAT5-c-Myc axis plays a role in regulating B cell metabolism. Additionally, proteome microarray analysis revealed that the serum of the vaccinated group contained higher levels of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 N-Nter protein and IgA antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein. In summary, these findings indicate that the vaccinated group develops a more robust coronavirus-specific immune response, with enhanced BCR signaling and metabolic activity compared to the recovered group. These insights might contribute to the optimization of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":"40 4","pages":"Pages 571-578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}