Virologica Sinica最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal Dynamics of Hedgehog-Borne Ticks and Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Beijing's Urban Parks.","authors":"Chunzheng Li, Hongyue Li, Yuanchi Ye, Lianglong Zhu, Aihua Zheng, Xing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging tick-borne pathogen, has caused a rising number of human cases in the urban-rural fringe of Beijing since 2021. This study explores the seasonal dynamics of hedgehog-associated ticks and SFTSV transmission in urban parks of Beijing. Surveys across six parks revealed distinct activity patterns: adult Haemaphysalis longicornis peaked in summer, while nymphs dominated spring and autumn. All collected H. longicornis belonged to parthenogenetic populations. A near-complete SFTSV genome (C4 strain) was identified in a tick collected from Taoranting Park, suggesting multiple viral introductions into Beijing. Serological analysis showed that > 50% of hedgehogs carried SFTSV-neutralizing antibodies in spring; yet seropositivity declined markedly in summer and autumn, indicating recurrent infections and implicating hedgehogs as potential reservoirs. These findings reveal an urban SFTSV transmission cycle maintained by hedgehogs and parthenogenetic H. longicornis, emphasizing the urgency of enhanced surveillance and public health interventions to curb urban zoonotic risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of switching from lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimens to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in people living with HIV: A multicenter retrospective study.","authors":"Jiantao Fu, Yifan Guo, Guoxiang Zheng, Zongxing Yang, Jinchuan Shi, Dingyan Yan, Jianhua Yu, Lijun Sun, Hongxin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In China, approximately 13% of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) are receiving lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-based regimens. These PLWH typically have a history of either treatment failure or intolerance to first-line efavirenz-based regimens. Given the considerable pill burden and adverse effects associated with LPV/r, treatment optimization is important for this population. This multicenter retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from LPV/r-based regimens to the single-tablet regimen of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF). Virological suppression rates (HIV-RNA < 40 copies/mL) were primarily compared between the 48-week periods before and after switching to BIC/FTC/TAF. CD4 counts and metabolic data were also assessed. A total of 461 PLWH were recruited between January 2021 and December 2023, with 92.2% being male, a median age of 38 years, and a median antiretroviral therapy duration of 8 years. Prior to initiating LPV/r, 23.0% (106/461) had documented virological failure. During LPV/r treatment, 18.9% (20/106) of these individuals experienced viral rebound. Among all participants, the overall virological suppression rates significantly increased from 94.6% (pre-switch) to 98.6% (post-switch) (P < 0.001). Notably, among participants with prior virological failure, suppression rates improved significantly from 81.1% to 97.2% (P < 0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed in those without such history (from 98.6% to 99.2%, P = 0.764). The median triglyceride level decreased from 2.4 mmol/L to 1.8 mmol/L (P < 0.001), while no difference in CD4 counts was observed. These findings demonstrate that BIC/FTC/TAF is an effective and metabolically favorable treatment option for PLWH switching from LPV/r based regimens, regardless of whether they have a prior history of virological failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African swine fever virus MGF360-9L degrades DDX20 through the Rab1A-dependent autophagy pathway to antagonize its antiviral effect.","authors":"Lu He, Xu-Xu Fan, Zhao-Yu Zhu, Dan-Shi Pei, Yi-Zhuo Wang, Xi-Zhong Li, Qing-Feng Ren, Hai-Xue Zheng, Wei-Wei Li, Zi-Xiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and highly contagious disease in pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Our previous studies have demonstrated that deletion of the MGF360-9L gene weakens ASFV virulence in pigs, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the mechanism of MGF360-9L regulating ASFV pathogenicity, the relationship between MGF360-9L and host proteins was identified by mass spectrometry. We found that host protein DEAD-box helicase 20 (DDX20) interacted with and colocalized with MGF360-9L. Overexpression of DDX20 inhibited ASFV replication, whereas knockdown of DDX20 had the opposite effects. Moreover, DDX20 inhibited ASFV replication by promoting the activation of type I interferon signaling. Surprisingly, DDX20 was gradually degraded following ASFV infection. Mechanistically, MGF360-9L promoted the autophagic degradation of DDX20 by recruiting autophagy-related protein Ras-related protein Rab-1A (Rab1A). Silencing Rab1A suppressed ASFV replication, while overexpression of Rab1A exhibited the opposite effects. Furthermore, Rab1A, MGF360-9L and DDX20 could form a complex to facilitate the degradation of DDX20. Knockdown of Rab1A impaired MGF360-9L-mediated degradation of DDX20 during ASFV infection. In summary, our study demonstrates that MGF360-9L targets DDX20 for autophagy degradation to antagonize its antiviral function and facilitate ASFV replication. This finding broadens our understanding of the regulatory network between ASFV and its host, and provides new insights into the pathogenesis and immune evasion mechanisms of ASFV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomics and structural modelling feature accelerated evolution of Oropouche virus: 1955 to 2024.","authors":"Yibo Ding, Jiajing Li, Xin Wang, Simone Malagò, Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto, Xiaohui Ding, Fang Qin, Michela Deiana, Concetta Castilletti, Hongbo Guo, Qiuwei Pan, Wenshi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large multi-country outbreak of Oropouche virus (OROV), a segmented negative-sense RNA virus, is emerging in Latin America. By analyzing publicly available whole-genome sequences spanning 1955 to 2024, this study reveals accelerated spatiotemporal evolution of OROV, cooperatively driven by genome mutagenesis and segment reassortment. The strains responsible for the 2023-2024 outbreak are universally reassortants, but form two divergent lineages, namely the Brazil and western Amazon basin lineages. This epidemic spreading is primarily fueled by localized transmission within countries and cross-border spread. Phylogenomic analysis further suggests that the S segment of the viral genome originated in Brazil around the 1740s, underwent diversification into five distinct clusters by the 1970s, and experienced rapid proliferation during 2020-2024. In contrast, the L segment originated in Peru around the 1630s and evolved into two independent clusters by the 1850s. Divergent evolutionary pressures have driven distinct patterns of amino acid changes in viral proteins between the Brazil and the western Amazon basin lineages. These mutations are predicted to alter the protein structures and bear functional consequences for viral fitness and transmission. These findings provide critical insights into the evolutionary dynamics of OROV and underscore the necessity of genome surveillance to track the transmission pathways and spatiotemporal evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic genomics-based generation of the tick-borne encephalitis virus Siberian subtype prototype strain and E51K-attenuated variant for vaccine development and antiviral screening.","authors":"Tolganay Kulatay, Elena Sedova, Alexander Shevtsov, Gulzat Zauatbayeva, Bakytkali Ingirbay, Viktoriya Keyer, Zhanar Shakhmanova, Maral Zhumabekova, Yergali Abduraimov, Aralbek Rsaliyev, Nurgul Sikhayeva, Irina Kozlova, Mikhail Zaripov, Alexandr V Shustov","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a re-emerging pathogen in Kazakhstan, where the increasing risk of its spread underscores the need for improved healthcare preparedness, including the development of local vaccines. However, the absence of reference TBEV strains in the country presented a major challenge. To address this, we generated a prototype strain (Vasilchenko) of the Siberian TBEV genotype, predominant in Kazakhstan, using synthetic genome and molecular infectious clone technology. A DNA-launched TBEV molecular clone was assembled from DNA fragments, enabling virus rescue upon plasmid transfection. During the propagation of the post-transfection virus in cell culture, a single amino acid substitution (E51K) in the envelope protein emerged, resulting in a 100-fold increase in the titer of the mutant variant. In vivo, this mutation significantly attenuated virulence: while wild-type TBEV caused 100% mortality in BALB/c mice, the E51K variant was non-lethal and exhibited reduced viremia, suggesting impaired neuroinvasiveness. To further exploit this attenuated, high-titer virus, we developed a GFP-expressing reporter TBEV variant. Using this reporter system, we demonstrated that favipiravir possesses antiviral activity against TBEV, with inhibitory concentrations within a pharmacologically relevant range. In conclusion, synthetic genomics enabled the generation of a reference TBEV strain to replenish Kazakhstan's collections. The E51K mutation enhances viral replication in vitro while attenuating pathogenicity in vivo, and the derived reporter virus is suitable for antiviral compound screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HBV and host metabolic crosstalk: reprogramming pathways for viral replication and pathogenesis.","authors":"YanYing Yan, Zhiqiang Wei, Min Zheng, Mengji Lu, Xueyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) establishes chronic infection through strategic manipulation of host metabolic networks, driving a spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mechanistically, HBV reprograms core metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid homeostasis, to fuel its replication machinery and evade immune surveillance. This review systematically synthesizes current evidence on HBV-induced glucose/lipid metabolic rewiring, with particular emphasis on how viral-host crosstalk at the metabolic interface sustains viral pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pathogenic role and genomic characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus in Vitreoretinal Lymphoma.","authors":"Xiaoqing Liu, Guangjie Jiang, Chianru Tan, Kun Chen, Zhewei Sun, Jiaying Du, Bei Wang, Fuqi Ai, Yimin Ma, Yueru Tian, Yong Guo, Ming Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a well-known for its association with lymphoproliferative disorders and various lymphomas, causing significant global morbidity and mortality. EBV-positive vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is exceedingly rare. As a result, the pathogenic role and genomic characteristics of EBV in VRL remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) combined with EBV-specific immunofluorescence assay to detect EBV in the vitreous fluid of fifty-three VRL patients. We found that approximately 28% (15/53) of the patients were EBV positive. Analysis of clinical data showed that EBV-positive VRL patients had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) compared to EBV-negative patients (P = 0.004). Additionally, through integration of EBV-targeted sequencing and PCR-based deep sequencing, we found that all five VRL-derived EBV genomes formed a distinct cluster within one phylogenetic branch. Meanwhile, several non-synonymous mutations were exclusively detected in the VRL group, including S229T in latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and G2248R in the Epstein-Barr virus BamHI-PraL fragment 1 (BPLF1). In conclusion, our findings suggest that EBV as a risk factor associated with poor prognosis in VRL, and we provide a genome-wide view of EBV sequence variations from VRL patients. This may offer insights into the pathogenic role of EBV in VRL and could potentially assist in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First identification of Tusavirus in calf intestinal tissue suggests interspecies transmission and genomic variation.","authors":"Yang Song, Weiwei Gai, Jiaxin Sun, Xiangyu Lv, Haojie Sang, Shuai Guo, Jingqiang Ren, Jingbo Zhai, Shubo Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological, Phylogenetic, and Pathogenicity Analysis of H4 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses in China, 2011-2022.","authors":"Qiuyan Mao, Junfeng Zhu, Shuo Liu, Cheng Peng, Tiantian Wu, Jie Tian, Xiaoqi Li, Jizhe Yang, Jinping Li, Guangyu Hou, Wenming Jiang, Hualei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The H4 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is prevalent worldwide, but often receives little attention due to its low pathogenicity in poultry. Consequently, it remains largely unclear whether H4 AIVs pose a potential threat to the poultry industry and public health. During the period from 2011 to 2022, we detected 427 H4 viruses from 154,762 swab samples collected across various provinces through active surveillance, resulting in a positivity rate of 0.28%. All H4 viruses were isolated from poultry, primarily from ducks in live poultry markets. In this study, we systematically analyzed the current epidemiological status of H4 subtype AIV in China, as well as the genetic evolutionary characteristics and pathogenicity of 20 H4Nx viruses isolated through active surveillance from 2011 to 2022. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 20 H4Nx viruses belonged to the Eurasian lineage and exhibited significant genetic diversity, with 19 distinct genotypes identified. Molecular characterization indicated that these viruses were low-pathogenicity AIVs with limited receptor binding to humans, yet they contained mutations associated with enhanced viral replication and pathogenicity in mammals. Pathogenicity tests conducted in ducks demonstrated that H4 viruses were weakly pathogenic, exhibiting limited replication and transmission capabilities. However, some viruses were able to replicate effectively in mice and induce weight loss. For instance, DK/AH/AG61/11(H4N6) can replicate efficiently in MDCK cells, indicating a potential threat to mammals. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing surveillance of H4 AIVs to better understand their evolution and transmission dynamics and to prevent potential public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term surveillance of avian avulavirus in wild birds in China from 2003-2020.","authors":"Qing An, Yi Li, Xinru Lv, Shunmeng Qu, Xiang Li, Shaoxia Lu, Weiguang Wang, Xuyang Zhao, Yuan Cui, Yang Zhou, Hongli Zhai, Ao Li, Fangyuan Chen, Yang Xiu, Xiangwei Zeng, Yajun Wang, Zhijun Hou, Cheng Cheng, Yulong Wang, Linna Liu, Hongliang Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian avulavirus (AAVV) is a significant pathogen affecting avian species, but research on its prevalence in wild birds in China has been relatively limited. In this study, active surveillance for AAVV was conducted in wild birds in China from 2003 to 2020. A total of 124,882 samples were collected from 26 provinces, and 220 AAVV-positive samples were identified, encompassing various serotypes including AAVV-1, -4, -6, -8, -9, -13, and -16. Notably, AAVV-9 isolates were reported for the first time in China through this study. Detailed genetic analysis of 148 representative strains revealed that 26 of them exhibited a polybasic amino acid residue at the F gene cleavage site, a molecular marker associated with virulent AAVV strains in chickens. The geographical isolation between the Old and New Worlds has led to the independent evolution of AAVVs in each region, resulting in distinct Eurasian and North American lineages. Our findings predominantly aligned with the Eurasian lineage. However, repeated detections of AAVVs of North American origin in wild birds in China suggests potential viral dispersal between North America and China, which warrants further investigation. Furthermore, geographical reconstruction of AAVV-4 occurrence indicated a possible transmission route from Europe to East Asia. The origin of AAVV-4 remains uncertain due to limited sequence data, underscoring the need for expanded surveillance and highlight the necessity for sustained, long-term epidemiological surveillance efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23654,"journal":{"name":"Virologica Sinica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}