Water Science and Technology最新文献_第6页

Stoichiometric hydrogen peroxide versus hypochlorite generation via dual-cell continuous flow system enables singlet oxygen-dominated phenol oxidation. 过氧化氢与次氯酸盐的化学计量生成通过双电池连续流系统实现单线态氧主导的苯酚氧化。

IF 2.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Water Science and Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-24 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2026.248

Zihao Wan, Hui Hong, Zelin Wu, Jie Wang, Chenyi Xi, Shiwei Xie, Na Zhang

{"title":"Stoichiometric hydrogen peroxide versus hypochlorite generation via dual-cell continuous flow system enables singlet oxygen-dominated phenol oxidation.","authors":"Zihao Wan, Hui Hong, Zelin Wu, Jie Wang, Chenyi Xi, Shiwei Xie, Na Zhang","doi":"10.2166/wst.2026.248","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2026.248","url":null,"abstract":"Current electrochemical processes utilizing singlet oxygen (1O2) for wastewater treatment face limitations due to inefficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and uncontrollable stoichiometric ratios between H2O2 and hypochlorite (ClO-). To address these operational bottlenecks, this study developed a dual-cell continuous-flow system that decouples the production of H2O2 and ClO- to degrade phenol and other organic contaminants. The system features a natural air diffusion cathode (ADC) for energy-efficient H2O2 generation without aeration and a dimensionally stable anode (DSA) for active chlorine production. By optimizing the applied current ratio (ADC:DSA = 2:1), an optimal 1:1 H2O2/ClO- stoichiometric molar ratio was achieved. This precise control successfully maximized 1O2 production (steady-state concentration: 5.77 ± 0.24 × 10-10 mM), resulting in a 97.9% removal of phenol under optimal conditions. Additionally, the system achieved removal rates of 71.6% for bisphenol A and 81.3% for sulfamethoxazole. Furthermore, the 1O2-dominated oxidation pathway suppressed the formation of chlorinated byproducts by 24-48% compared to a conventional single-cell electrochemical method. Overall, this engineered dual-cell architecture effectively overcomes the intrinsic bottlenecks of conventional electro-oxidation, establishing a robust, 1O2-driven paradigm for the safe and selective pretreatment of refractory wastewaters.","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"93 7","pages":"1024-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contribution of different soil depths and water storage layers to the runoff reduction performance of green roofs: a combined field experiment and modeling study. 不同土壤深度和蓄水层对绿色屋顶减径流性能的贡献：田间试验与模型研究相结合。

IF 2.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Water Science and Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2026.257

Jun Wang, Jian Tao, Guoxiong Mei

{"title":"Contribution of different soil depths and water storage layers to the runoff reduction performance of green roofs: a combined field experiment and modeling study.","authors":"Jun Wang, Jian Tao, Guoxiong Mei","doi":"10.2166/wst.2026.257","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2026.257","url":null,"abstract":"Green roofs play a key role in urban stormwater management. The runoff curve number (CN) model is commonly employed to estimate the impact of green roofs on regional runoff reduction. However, significant variations in runoff reduction rates among different types of green roofs preclude the use of a generalized runoff CN for accurate estimation. This study evaluates the runoff reduction performance of different green roof types through field experiments in a residential area in Southwest China, using water balance and CN modeling. Green roofs with a water storage layer increased annual runoff reduction by 12-25% compared with traditional designs. Optimal CN values were identified: 95 for traditional extensive, 97 for intensive, and 88-93 for storage-layer green roofs. Green roofs with a water storage layer contributed an 8-12% increase in annual runoff reduction in the study area. The findings provide essential theoretical and data support for determining CN values and assessing the effectiveness of green roofs with varied structures in stormwater management.","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"93 8","pages":"1130-1143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated biogas desulfurization and membrane extraction for ammonium sulfate recovery. 一体化沼气脱硫-膜萃取法回收硫酸铵。

IF 2.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Water Science and Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-10 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2026.241

Werner Fuchs, Ferdinand Hummel, Paula Garcia Sarzosa, Lisa Bauer, Wolfgang Gabauer

{"title":"Integrated biogas desulfurization and membrane extraction for ammonium sulfate recovery.","authors":"Werner Fuchs, Ferdinand Hummel, Paula Garcia Sarzosa, Lisa Bauer, Wolfgang Gabauer","doi":"10.2166/wst.2026.241","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2026.241","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a novel integrated system for biogas purification and nutrient recovery, combining biological desulfurization with ammonia recovery using a hollow-fiber membrane contactor. Designed for anaerobic treatment of nitrogen- and sulfur-rich wastes, the system enables simultaneous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal and ammonium sulfate production, improving environmental performance and resource recovery. A two-stage desulfurization unit scrubbed and biologically oxidized H2S to sulfuric acid under controlled oxygen supply. The acid was neutralized by ammonia extracted from the biogas effluent through a hydrophobic membrane, forming ammonium sulfate without chemical additives. The system achieved over 95% H2S removal, with outlet concentrations below 35 ppm, and accumulated up to 12.5 g/L (0.095 mol/L) ammonium sulfate. Operation remained stable over several months at pH 3.0, with mass balance and ion analyses confirming efficient sulfur conversion. Microbial analysis identified Acidithiobacillus and Alicyclobacillus as dominant sulfur oxidizers. Compared with conventional systems, the two-stage design avoided sulfur clogging and biogas dilution. This robust, scalable process couples gas purification with nutrient recovery, producing a concentrated fertilizer solution while minimizing chemical use and supporting circular resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"93 7","pages":"953-967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and deployment of a groundwater quality prediction tool for Béchar, Southwest Algeria: benchmarking seven machine learning algorithms. 开发和部署阿尔及利亚西南部bassahar的地下水质量预测工具：对七种机器学习算法进行基准测试。

IF 2.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Water Science and Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-02 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2026.252

Enas E Hussein, Ibrahim B M Taha, Abdessamed Derdour, Abdulrahman Seraj Almalki, Amanuel Kumsa Bojer, Mohamed A Eizeldin

{"title":"Development and deployment of a groundwater quality prediction tool for Béchar, Southwest Algeria: benchmarking seven machine learning algorithms.","authors":"Enas E Hussein, Ibrahim B M Taha, Abdessamed Derdour, Abdulrahman Seraj Almalki, Amanuel Kumsa Bojer, Mohamed A Eizeldin","doi":"10.2166/wst.2026.252","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2026.252","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate prediction of groundwater quality is essential for environmental monitoring and public health protection, particularly in arid regions such as Béchar in southwest Algeria. This study applied a root mean square-based water quality index (RMS-WQI) to evaluate groundwater quality using 621 samples characterized by physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, major cations, major anions, and nitrate. Seven supervised machine learning algorithms K-nearest neighbors, artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), ensemble trees (EN), discriminant analysis, Naïve Bayes, and decision trees were trained and optimized in MATLAB using the Classification Learner Toolbox with Bayesian optimization and fivefold cross-validation. Among the tested models, ANN and SVM achieved the highest predictive performance, with accuracies of 99.47 and 97.88%, respectively, along with superior precision, recall, F1-score, and Cohen's Kappa values, indicating strong agreement with observed RMS-WQI classes. Compared to conventional RMS-WQI assessment and previously reported nonoptimized models, the proposed framework demonstrates improved classification accuracy and robustness. Additionally, an operational graphical user interface was developed to facilitate rapid groundwater quality estimation using routine measurements. The findings highlight the effectiveness of optimized ANN and SVM models as reliable decision support tools for groundwater quality management in data-scarce arid environments.","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"93 8","pages":"1144-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrocoagulation technology for wastewater treatment: insights on design, applications, and challenges. 电絮凝废水处理技术：设计、应用和挑战。

IF 2.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Water Science and Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2026.250

Saman Nigar, R Naresh Kumar

{"title":"Electrocoagulation technology for wastewater treatment: insights on design, applications, and challenges.","authors":"Saman Nigar, R Naresh Kumar","doi":"10.2166/wst.2026.250","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2026.250","url":null,"abstract":"The electrocoagulation process has emerged as a promising alternative for wastewater treatment due to its high versatility for contaminant removal. The objective of this review is to provide a critical analysis of electrocoagulation technology, including its operating principles, fields of application, advantages, and limitations in wastewater treatment. In this process, metal electrodes release coagulant species directly into the water, which then destabilise suspended, dissolved, and colloidal pollutants. The efficiency of EC is strongly dependent on design and operating factors, including electrode material, current density, electrode spacing, pH, and hydraulic conditions. The present work reviewed municipal and industrial wastewater treatment using EC technology in batch, continuous, and pilot-scale systems, focusing on turbidity, nutrients, metals, dyes, oils, and organic pollutant removal. However, practical challenges have to date limited its widespread adoption, requiring research and development. Issues such as electrode passivation, sludge generation, energy demand, and scale-up from laboratory to field conditions remain significant ones. Recent research has focused on optimising reactor configurations, coupling EC with other treatment processes, and exploring renewable energy inputs to improve overall sustainability. By addressing these design and operational concerns, the strong potential of EC as a cost-effective and adaptable solution to meet growing wastewater treatment demands could be fully realised.","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"93 7","pages":"968-983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Closing the gaps: applicability of missing data handling techniques for urban runoff quality time series. 缩小差距：缺失数据处理技术对城市径流质量时间序列的适用性。

IF 2.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Water Science and Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2026.246

Nikita Razguliaev, Kelsey Flanagan, Tone Muthanna, Maria Viklander

{"title":"Closing the gaps: applicability of missing data handling techniques for urban runoff quality time series.","authors":"Nikita Razguliaev, Kelsey Flanagan, Tone Muthanna, Maria Viklander","doi":"10.2166/wst.2026.246","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2026.246","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of sensor-based on-site monitoring in urban-water engineering enables the collection of high-resolution data, but malfunctions and environmental disturbances can pose a serious challenge in uptake and use, as they result in data gaps and loss of information. One solution to handle these data gaps is the use of machine-learning (ML) algorithms. This study compared widely used deterministic interpolation methods and data-driven methods - particularly neural networks - for reconstructing extended data gaps in urban runoff quality time series. The analysis is based on runoff water quality data from a small and relatively homogeneous section of an urban road. While simpler interpolation methods achieved high overall accuracy, ML models outperformed the simpler methods during highly dynamic periods - those that are typically more challenging to capture and often of particular interest in stormwater management contexts. The findings highlight both the limitations and the potential of each approach, emphasizing the particular importance of understanding context and data conditions when selecting the most suitable method for the task.","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"93 7","pages":"933-952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental comparison of rainfall simulation methods for urban stormwater management research. 城市雨水管理研究中降雨模拟方法的实验比较。

IF 2.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Water Science and Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2026.249

Rachel Neleah van Zyl, Ione Loots

{"title":"Experimental comparison of rainfall simulation methods for urban stormwater management research.","authors":"Rachel Neleah van Zyl, Ione Loots","doi":"10.2166/wst.2026.249","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2026.249","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall simulators are typically categorised as either pressurised or drop-forming systems, each offering distinct advantages depending on the research application. This study presents a comparative experimental analysis of a pressurised nozzle-based rainfall simulator and a drop-forming needle-based rainfall simulator, assessing their suitability for urban stormwater management research. Both setups were constructed indoors with a 1.5 × 1.5 m rainfall area and a 2.3 m raindrop fall height. The simulators were evaluated based on rainfall intensity, spatial uniformity, drop size distribution and drop velocity. The pressurised system produced intensities from 23.9 to 109.7 mm/h, while the drop-forming system achieved 4.5-21.0 mm/h. Uniformity coefficients ranged from 81.2 to 93.3% (cups) and 86.6 to 96.4% (trays) for the pressurised system, and 85.7% (cups) and 94.8% (trays) for the drop-forming system. D50 raindrop sizes ranged from 0.8 to 1.2 mm for the pressurised system and 1.7 mm for the drop-forming system. Estimated median drop velocities ranged from 82.5 to 98.5% of terminal velocity. While both systems replicated key rainfall characteristics, the pressurised simulator was limited to high-intensity events. The drop-forming simulator offered finer control and broader applicability, supporting its use in urban hydrology and stormwater management research.","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"93 7","pages":"984-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

metEAUdata: a framework for automatic metadata generation for environmental time series preprocessing. metEAUdata：为环境时间序列预处理自动生成元数据的框架。

IF 2.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Water Science and Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2026.255

Jean-David Therrien, Peter A Vanrolleghem

{"title":"metEAUdata: a framework for automatic metadata generation for environmental time series preprocessing.","authors":"Jean-David Therrien, Peter A Vanrolleghem","doi":"10.2166/wst.2026.255","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2026.255","url":null,"abstract":"Water resource recovery facilities generate tremendous amounts of process data, most of it in the form of time series. This data can be found in supervisory control and data acquisition systems, process historians, or relational databases where metadata is (hopefully) abundant. Removal of data artefacts and sensor faults, as well as smoothing and aggregation, are all essential steps in transforming raw data into a form fit for modelling, analysis, and decision-making. These transformations typically ignore metadata, meaning metadata-rich datasets can quickly lose all context, traceability, and reusability. The context at risk of being lost includes both the original metadata and descriptions of the processing itself. Failure to report this metadata is due to the difficulty of manual reporting and to the sometimes highly iterative nature of data pre-processing. This paper presents metEAUdata, a framework that automates metadata creation and preservation during pre-processing operations. Unlike existing solutions that bundle limited preprocessing algorithms, metEAUdata provides a lightweight interface enabling any algorithm to become metadata-aware through simple wrapper functions, extending metadata recording to existing scientific libraries with minimal effort. By automating the creation of structured, extensive metadata for arbitrary preprocessing pipelines, metEAUdata supports the transition towards FAIR-compliant time series data.","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"93 8","pages":"1117-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feature-engineered machine learning for daily-scale prediction of effluent total phosphorus and coagulant dosing optimization in full-scale DAF systems. 在全尺寸DAF系统中，用于污水总磷和混凝剂剂量优化的每日规模预测的特征工程机器学习。

IF 2.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Water Science and Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2026.256

Haekeum Park, Gyumin Jeong, Yoojin Oh, Taehyeon Kim, Mincheol Kim, Jayong Koo

{"title":"Feature-engineered machine learning for daily-scale prediction of effluent total phosphorus and coagulant dosing optimization in full-scale DAF systems.","authors":"Haekeum Park, Gyumin Jeong, Yoojin Oh, Taehyeon Kim, Mincheol Kim, Jayong Koo","doi":"10.2166/wst.2026.256","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2026.256","url":null,"abstract":"Effective phosphorus control in dissolved air flotation (DAF) systems is essential for regulatory compliance in full-scale wastewater treatment plants, yet operational decisions are often constrained to daily time scales due to limited online sensing. This study proposes an interpretable, feature-engineered machine-learning framework for daily prediction of effluent total phosphorus (T-P) and sensitivity-based optimization of coagulant dosing in a full-scale municipal DAF system (410,000 m3/day). Long-term operational, water-quality, and meteorological data (1,096 days) were preprocessed using three-sigma outlier screening and multivariate imputation by chained equations (MICE). Mechanistically informed features capturing influent loading, operational conditions, short-term variability of effluent T-P (1-3 day difference-based features), and seasonal effects were incorporated. Among the evaluated models, Random Forest achieved the best performance (Test R2 = 0.818; RMSE = 0.032 mg/L), corresponding to a prediction error within 20% of the discharge limit (0.2 mg/L). SHAP analysis identified influent T-P, coagulant dosage, and short-term variation as dominant drivers across seasons. A sensitivity-based autoregressive simulation indicated that optimized dosing could reduce coagulant consumption by 32-51%, yielding an estimated annual cost saving of 1.53 billion KRW while improving effluent stability. The proposed framework demonstrates the practical value of daily-scale, interpretable machine learning for data-driven DAF operation.","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"93 7","pages":"1003-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive review of conventional and emerging technologies for advanced primary wastewater treatment with an insight into future perspectives. 综合回顾了先进初级污水处理的传统和新兴技术，并展望了未来的前景。

IF 2.8 4区环境科学与生态学

Water Science and Technology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2026.253

Behnam Askari Lasaki, Megha C Manoj, Harald Schönberger

{"title":"Comprehensive review of conventional and emerging technologies for advanced primary wastewater treatment with an insight into future perspectives.","authors":"Behnam Askari Lasaki, Megha C Manoj, Harald Schönberger","doi":"10.2166/wst.2026.253","DOIUrl":"10.2166/wst.2026.253","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced primary treatment (APT) technologies are increasingly recognized as key components in the development of next-generation wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), driven by their high pollutant removal efficiency, reduced energy demand, and contribution to climate-neutral operation. This review systematically evaluates the performance of major APT processes - including chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), microsieving, flotation, electrocoagulation, integrated systems, and conventional sedimentation. Multiple visualization tools were applied to compare removal efficiencies and operational characteristics across technologies. The analysis demonstrates that all advanced techniques consistently outperform conventional gravity-driven sedimentation, highlighting the limitations of traditional primary treatment. Electrocoagulation and integrated systems achieve the highest overall removal efficiencies across multiple parameters, while CEPT, flotation, and microsieving exhibit strong performance in removing suspended solids, turbidity, and particulate-bound organic matter. However, these latter technologies show limited and highly variable nutrient removal, particularly for total nitrogen, reflecting both inherent process constraints and a lack of comprehensive studies.In addition, the review assesses economic and environmental aspects, revealing that microsieving and sedimentation offer lower costs and reduced carbon footprints, albeit with limited nutrient control. In contrast, electrocoagulation and integrated systems provide superior treatment performance at higher capital and operational costs, restricting their application to plants facing stringent effluent requirements.","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"93 7","pages":"1039-1060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0