{"title":"A sustainable bipolar membrane electrodialysis process for effective conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> and NaCl brine into NaHCO<sub>3</sub>.","authors":"Wei Wang, Haoxuan Li, Yue Xie, Yingying Zhao, Rihua Xiong","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change demands innovative carbon capture and utilization (CCU) strategies, yet converting captured CO<sub>2</sub> into high-value products while managing industrial waste remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate a single-step, energy-efficient bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) system integrated with CCU, enabling the simultaneous conversion of NaCl brine and CO<sub>2</sub> into high-purity sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) with unprecedented efficiency, but without requiring external alkali sources or energy-intensive thermal regeneration steps. By optimizing key parameters - such as current density and CO<sub>2</sub> aeration rate, and gas-liquid flow ratios - we achieved a bicarbonate concentration of 1.186 mol/L in the alkaline chamber, coupled with 57.65% carbon sequestration efficiency and an energy consumption as low as 3.1 kW·h/m³ CO<sub>2</sub> (or 716.9 kW·h/t NaHCO<sub>3</sub>). This approach not only recovers valuable sodium resources from brine but also enhances CO<sub>2</sub> absorption through electrochemical mechanisms, potentially reducing global carbon emissions by up to 20% in brine-intensive industries. Our work paves the way for scalable, sustainable CCUS technologies, transforming waste streams into economic assets and advancing the fight against climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"127-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Germán Buitrón, F Roberto Chavez-Vega, Gloria Moreno
{"title":"Influence of the organic loading rate on the anaerobic treatment of winery effluents applying one and two stages.","authors":"Germán Buitrón, F Roberto Chavez-Vega, Gloria Moreno","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wineries must comply with wastewater discharge standards, and anaerobic digestion can help meet the regulatory requirements. One or two-stage processes have been proposed for winery effluent treatment, and analyzing which method is more suitable for COD removal. This study evaluates one and two-stage anaerobic processes focused on COD removal, varying the organic loading rate in continuous reactors using two types of winery effluents with different initial concentrations. A low-concentration wastewater (8.7 g COD/L) was assessed under one and two-stage processes, whereas a high-concentration effluent (23 g COD/L) was studied using two stages. Results showed that both configurations present excellent organic matter removal, as high as 88% in the case of high-concentration wastewater and from 93 to 97% removal for low-concentration wastewater. Methane productivities varied from 362 to 718 NmL CH<sub>4</sub>/L<sub>reactor</sub>·day, methane yield from 291 to 312 NmL CH<sub>4</sub>/g COD, and the concentration of total suspended solids in the effluent from 80 to 610 mg/L. A one-stage process is recommended when the initial concentration of the effluent is relatively low; however, when treating effluents with elevated initial concentration, a two-stage system is more convenient because it avoids stability problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"66-78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mapping drinking water contamination in Gazipur City restaurants using WQI and multivariate analysis.","authors":"Md Rahadujjaman, Md Rezaul Karim, Rakibul Hasan, Md Habibur Rahman Bejoy Khan, Amimul Ahsan, Md Shahriar Hossain","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Groundwater is a primary drinking water source in many regions of Bangladesh, necessitating continuous monitoring to ensure safety. This study evaluates groundwater quality in Gazipur City by analyzing 173 water samples collected in 2019 from restaurants across 18 zones. Fourteen physicochemical parameters, including pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and major ions, were assessed. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the zones into three clusters based on water quality similarities. Three water quality index (WQI) models - integrated WQI (IWQI), assigned weight WQI (AWWQI), and weighted arithmetic WQI (WAWQI) - were applied to assess drinking water suitability. The results showed that 31% (IWQI) and 49% (WAWQI) of samples were unsuitable for drinking. Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations among TDS, EC, and color, while negative correlations were observed between pH and color, and fluoride and nitrate. Factor analysis identified industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and rock-water interactions as major contamination sources. Additionally, microbial analysis confirmed bacterial contamination, with 47% of samples contaminated by <i>Escherichia coli</i> and 64% by total coliform. With rapid urbanization and increasing population density, groundwater pollution is likely to worsen. Therefore, effective monitoring and management strategies are essential to ensure the provision of safe drinking water in Gazipur City restaurants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"153-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monika Dubey, Pallavi Gahlot, Bhanu Prakash Vellanki, Absar Ahmad Kazmi
{"title":"Post-anoxic integrated biofilm activated sludge wastewater treatment process for emerging contaminant removal.","authors":"Monika Dubey, Pallavi Gahlot, Bhanu Prakash Vellanki, Absar Ahmad Kazmi","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study investigates the role of redox conditions and food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratio on emerging contaminants (ECs) attenuation in a laboratory-scale system. A Modified Ludzack Ettinger process integrated with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel-based biofilm reactor following the anaerobic tank was employed. Twenty ECs covering a wide range of physico-chemical properties were monitored across four treatment zones - aerobic, PVA, anoxic, and anaerobic reactors to understand the role of different redox conditions in removing ECs. Overall, the system achieved an average EC removal of 87%, with 9 out of 20 compounds removed by >80% and between 50 and 80%. The ECs removal contribution followed the trend: aerobic (42.7%) > PVA (33.4%) > anoxic (25.7%) > anaerobic (19.3%). The analysis revealed higher solid-water partition coefficients (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub>) in the settled sludge compared to the treatment reactors, with values varying based on the compound's chemical properties. The mass balance analysis showed biodegradation as the primary removal mechanism. Of the total EC mass load of 3.68, 0.5 and 0.022 g d<sup>-1</sup> was detected in the final effluent and sludge, respectively. Importantly, a strong negative correlation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.83) was observed between the F/M ratio and EC removal efficiency, highlighting its critical role in process optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"174-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Moses Budatala, Sabina Purkrtova, Marco Antonio Lopez Marin, Lise Appels, Jan Bartáček
{"title":"Fate of antibiotic resistance genes and resistant bacteria under various operating temperatures of sludge anaerobic digestion.","authors":"John Moses Budatala, Sabina Purkrtova, Marco Antonio Lopez Marin, Lise Appels, Jan Bartáček","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the impact of varying temperatures on reducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion (AD) of mixed raw sludge in wastewater treatment plants. Employing three different operating temperatures, i.e., 37, 55, and 65 °C, the research aims to identify how these conditions affect the diminution of resistant genes. The results, based on quantitative PCR analysis and metagenomic sequencing, show that higher temperatures significantly enhance the reduction of ARGs, with the most substantial decreases observed at 65 °C. This temperature-dependent reduction correlates with changes in the microbial community structure, where specific bacterial genera like <i>Alicycliphilus, Macellibacteroides, Dokdonella, Ahniella, Thauera</i>, and <i>Zoogloea</i> associated with ARGs exhibit decreased abundance at elevated temperatures. The study infers that AD at higher temperatures could be a more effective strategy in mitigating the spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment, suggesting a pivotal role of operational temperature in optimizing wastewater treatment processes for ARGs attenuation. The findings highlight the need for further research to refine AD protocols, aiming to minimize the environmental impact of antibiotic resistance dissemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"53-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Carranza Muñoz, Andriy Malovanyy, Abhijeet Singh, Christian Baresel, Jesper Karlsson, Kristina Stark-Fujii, Anna Schnürer
{"title":"Replacing methanol with internally produced VFA-based carbon source for denitrification at the Henriksdal WWTP.","authors":"Andrea Carranza Muñoz, Andriy Malovanyy, Abhijeet Singh, Christian Baresel, Jesper Karlsson, Kristina Stark-Fujii, Anna Schnürer","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To meet future nitrogen removal targets, Henriksdal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) will require external carbon addition, estimated at 8 tons COD/day by 2040, due to low influent BOD/TN ratios, precipitation chemical use, and low temperatures. Methanol, the projected option, is fossil-based and contributes to indirect greenhouse gas emissions. This study evaluated a volatile fatty acid (VFA)-based fermentate produced from primary sludge and food waste in a 2 m<sup>3</sup> mesophilic fermenter as a carbon source for denitrification. The filtrated fermentate was tested as carbon source in both batch denitrification tests and pilot-scale MBR (4.5 m<sup>3</sup>/h), where it was dosed for 70 days, replacing glycerol currently used at Henriksdal and Henriksdals WWTP. In batch tests, the fermentate achieved a 40% higher denitrification rate than glycerol. Pilot trials showed a 30% higher denitrification rate and 50% lower carbon consumption while maintaining effluent concentration below 3 mg NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> -N/L. Microbial analysis revealed no significant community changes with the carbon source transition, indicating effective VFA uptake by existing microorganisms. Full-scale projections suggested that replacing methanol would require 10% of the plant's primary sludge plus food waste. Although this sludge use would reduce biogas production, methane potential tests showed that recycling of the fermentate solid fraction would result in only 2% lower biogas production, representing a minor trade-off.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"139-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakob Benisch, B Helm, M Krauss, H A Byrne, S Becker, R P Mayer, K L Rojas Gómez, J Ahlheim, W Brack, P Krebs
{"title":"Fingerprints of micropollutants under baseflow and event discharge conditions: analysing gradients along two urban streams.","authors":"Jakob Benisch, B Helm, M Krauss, H A Byrne, S Becker, R P Mayer, K L Rojas Gómez, J Ahlheim, W Brack, P Krebs","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents the results from a monitoring campaign at two urban streams with multiple monitoring sites along an increased urban gradient, carried out in April to August 2022. The aim of the monitoring campaign was to identify pressures and sources of organic micropollutants using large-volume solid phase extraction. The campaign was using different sampling modes to distinguish between baseflow and evens. Samples were analysed for 735 compounds; the measured concentrations were aggregated for compound classes and related to discharge data. A source analysis showed different emission patterns for compound classes, using the correlation between concentration and discharges during baseflow. The number of detected compounds followed an increasing trend along the streams during baseflow and increased during events. The comparison between baseline samples and event samples showed that events cause a significant increase in the number of detected chemicals as well as in their concentration and relative loads. The event samples also yield higher ecological concerns based on a comparison of measured with effect concentrations (Toxic unit approach). We did not find correlations with different event characteristics (i.e. peak discharge, event duration, etc.). A high variability of compounds among the catchments and sampling sites within the catchments was evident.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"34-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gloria Jaqueline Correa-Restrepo, Francisco Molina-Pérez, Álvaro Arango-Ruiz, Santiago Vélez-Velásquez, Álvaro Orozco-Jaramillo
{"title":"Removal of organic matter and nitrogen in a single reactor with extremely high sludge age and cyclic aeration.","authors":"Gloria Jaqueline Correa-Restrepo, Francisco Molina-Pérez, Álvaro Arango-Ruiz, Santiago Vélez-Velásquez, Álvaro Orozco-Jaramillo","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The removal of organic matter and total nitrogen (TN) in domestic wastewater was evaluated in a full-scale activated sludge (AS) system, operating with Extremely High Sludge Ages (EHSA) and cyclic aeration under continuous flow. A single bioreactor was used, applying intermittent aeration with a 45':15' on/off cycle. The results were obtained through six composite sampling periods of 24 h each. The sludge age was approximately 180 days, with average removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TN of 88.6 and 71.7%, respectively. The obtained results save 6 h of energy per day and enable the conversion of conventional AS reactors into tertiary treatment by removing nitrogen, involving minimal investment in the same secondary treatment without constructing additional tanks. Similarly, the very high sludge ages lead to a reduction in construction costs, as the volume can be decreased due to shorter hydraulic detention times. Additionally, the minimal generation of purge sludge results in reduced costs for its final disposal and fewer environmental issues associated with its management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"112-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Thiebault, Anaëlle Simonneau, Philippe Lanos, Philippe Dufresne, Claude Le Milbeau, Christine Hatté, Jérémy Jacob
{"title":"Sediments accumulated in sewer settling basins as recorders of historical use of drugs: Potential and limitations.","authors":"Thomas Thiebault, Anaëlle Simonneau, Philippe Lanos, Philippe Dufresne, Claude Le Milbeau, Christine Hatté, Jérémy Jacob","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assesses the occurrence of various types of drugs in a sedimentary archive cored in a sewer settling basin with a depth of 14 m. The coring operations were conducted before the basin was drained. A 2.2-m long sedimentary core was recovered. The sediments consisted of successions of coarse minerals and coarse or fine organic layers. One of the main challenges is to be able to date such a very recent archive. This was realized by using an event-based approach with 19 <sup>14</sup>C Carbon dating out of the rising and decay phase of atmospheric <sup>14</sup>C content linked to the aerial explosion of thermonuclear bombs (bomb peak). The first results revealed the potential of these sediments to record diverse contaminants. Eighteen of the 20 molecules targeted were quantified at least once. The potential of such archives to record the first use of each drug in the city is questioned, as well as the potential of back-calculated drug consumption on the basis of sedimentary occurrences. The estimated wastewater concentrations fit quite well for some molecules, whereas further work remains necessary for other drug values, especially concerning the back-calculation parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"20-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacterial diversity and health hazards associated with resuspended road matter transported by runoff into storm and combined sewers.","authors":"Angélique Dominguez-Lage, Adrien Meynier-Pozzi, Rayan Bouchali, Baptiste Luton, Benjamin Youenou, Claire Mandon, Jean-Yves Toussaint, Wessam Galia, Benoit Cournoyer","doi":"10.2166/wst.2025.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2025.080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Road surfaces accumulate anthropogenized sediments contaminated by animal waste, soil particles, and atmospheric deposits, raising hygienic concerns. During rainfall events, these sediments can be resuspended and transported via runoff into storm and combined sewers. This study investigated the bacterial diversity and potential health hazards associated with resuspended road-deposited matter in a peri-urban area. Quantitative PCR and metabarcoding analyses of 16S rRNA and <i>tpm</i> genes were performed to (i) identify the sources of bacterial taxa colonizing road surfaces, (ii) define core and specific taxa and assess their capacity to survive in downstream sewer environments, and (iii) explore their functional potential. Several taxa were linked to human and animal sources, with notable occurrences of bacterial pathogen DNA signatures. Amplicon sequence variant profiling revealed that resuspended road surface communities were more similar to those in storm sewage than in combined sewage. Functional annotation suggested that road surface taxa had enhanced pollutant degradation capabilities with some representing significant health hazards. Indicator taxa were identified to support the hygienic assessment of road-deposited sediments. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring road runoff as a vector of microbial contaminants in urban water systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23653,"journal":{"name":"Water Science and Technology","volume":"92 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}