Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[Biochemical disorders in mild protein-energy deficiency in children: gender peculiarities].","authors":"I V Gorbacheva, O Yu Kuznetsova, F N Gilmiyarova, A O Gusyakova, D V Pechkurov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-22-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-22-30","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growth of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in children with prevalence of endogenous factors of the causes of development has not been decreasing in the Russian Federation and all over the world for the last decades. This determines the relevance of multifaceted study of this pathology. Consequences of PEM suffered in early childhood can have a remote character of realization and influence on human health during the whole life. A separate problem of PEM is the identification of mild forms of pathology, which are often missed. The pathogenesis of PEM is insufficiently studied, in particular, the variability of pathology development depending on gender. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to characterize the peculiarities of the blood metabolic profile of infants at the initial stage of PEM with regard to gender. <b>Material and methods</b>. 38 children (20 boys, 18 girls) aged from 1 to 12 months with the degree I of PEM were examined; the comparison group consisted of 30 children (18 boys, 12 girls) aged from 2 to 12 months. Laboratory monitoring included general and biochemical blood tests with evaluation of such parameters as the content of total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, transferrin, urea, creatinine, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, triglycerides, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, using hematological analyzer (MEDONIC, Boule Diagnostics AB, Japan) and biochemical analyzer (Cobas Integra 400plus, Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). <b>Results</b>. In children with a mild degree of PEM the blood levels of total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, transferrin didn't differ from that in the comparison group. Against this background, there is an increase in blood serum urea level in all children and a significant increase in creatinine level, which is most pronounced in girls, in whom this indicator is 2.5 fold higher than in the comparison group and by 79% higher than in boys (p≤0.05). In combination with body weight deficiency, this characterizes the development of catabolic stress. A decrease in blood glucose level was detected in all children of the main group; a decrease in triglycerides was revealed in boys (-33%; p≤0.05) with stability of the index in girls. The increase in pyruvate blood serum level in boys (+21%; p≤0.05) with a tendency to decrease in girls is accompanied by a significant elevation in the lactate/pyruvate ratio (by 75% in boys and 3 fold in girls, p≤0.05). <b>Conclusion</b>. There are gender peculiarities of metabolic in children of the first year of life with a mild degree of PEM. In male children there is a decrease in the levels of glucose and triglycerides as energy substrates with the orientation to the ketosis formation. In girls, a more intense character of catabolic stress is observed with stable blood levels of triglycerides with a tendency to develop lactacidosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 4","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Specialized fat-and-oil emulsion food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity].","authors":"A V Tabakaev, O V Tabakaeva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-83-94","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-83-94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of specialized fat-and-oil emulsion food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity is an important task of health concern in the Russian Federation. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to develop specialized fat-and-oil emulsion food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity, the distinctive features of which are the presence of functional ingredients and bioactive compounds that meet modern safety requirements, have a hypolipidemic effect and influence on body weight. <b>Material and methods</b>. As a source of fucoxanthin, an oil extract from the thallom (stratum) of the annual Undaria pinnatifida brown algae was used, obtained by re-extraction with soy oil for 8 hours from a glycerin extract (extractant - 60% glycerin solution, the duration of the process - 8 h). The determination of organoleptic parameters was carried out at a temperature of 20 °C 12 h after manufacture using standard methods. Organoleptic parameters were determined in the following sequence: consistency, appearance, color, smell, taste. Physical and chemical characteristics (mass content of fat, moisture, egg products in terms of dry yolk, acidity in terms of acetic acid, emulsion stability), acid and peroxide values were studied by standard methods. Fatty acid analysis of lipids was performed by gas-liquid chromatography. The fucoxanthin content was determined by spectrophotometric method. <b>Results</b>. The presented formulations of lipid compositions as the fat base of specialized oil-fat emulsion food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity included Schizochytrium sp. microalgae oil in a mass fraction of 3-6% as a source of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids). An oil extract of U. pinnatifida brown algae in a mass fraction of 48-54% was used as a source of fucoxanthin. The total content of PUFA was significantly high - at least 73%, ω-6 PUFA prevailed (48.0-49.1%). However, the high content of ω-3 PUFA (at least 25%) should be also noted. The ratio of ω-3 to ω-6 PUFA was 1:1.72-1:1.90, which is atypical for individual vegetable oils traditionally used as the fat phase in fat-and-oil emulsion systems. The fucoxanthin content in the presented lipid compositions was 6.4-7.2 mg/100 ml. Edible fat-and-oil emulsion food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity (mayonnaise and mayonnaise sauces) with a given ratio of ω-3:ω-6 PUFA containing eicosopentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, as well as fucoxanthin, have been obtained. The extract of U. pinnatifida brown algae, containing fucoxanthin, significantly slowed down the processes of lipid oxidation and hydrolysis, as evidenced by changes in the peroxide and acid values of fat isolated from specialized fat-and-oil emulsion systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity. <b>Conclusion</b>. Specialized fat-and-oil emulsion food systems for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and obesity (mayon","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 2","pages":"83-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Eating patterns and risk of eating disorders in adolescents].","authors":"A V Pogodina, T A Astakhova, L N Lebedeva, L V Rychkova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3-31-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3-31-40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescence is a critical period for the onset of eating disorders, which affect an adolescent's diet and can have adverse and long-term health consequences. The relationship between the risk of eating disorders and the diet of Russian adolescents has been little studied. <b>The objective</b> of the research was to characterize the relationship between the risk of eating disorders and dietary patterns in a sample of Russian schoolchildren. <b>Material and methods</b>. The continuous cross-sectional study included tenth-graders of secondary schools (n=379, 63.1% girls) aged 16.0±0.5 years. The Russian version of the Eating Disorder Inventory was used to assess the risk of eating disorders. Dietary information was obtained from questionnaires completed by adolescents, characterizing the frequency of meals (at home and at school) during the week, the variety of dishes, and the frequency of consumption of foods and dishes. Anthropometric measurements were carried out to calculate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)/height index. <b>Results</b>. The eating patterns of schoolchildren were significantly disrupted, more so in girls. They were statistically significantly less likely than boys to consume meat, milk, nuts, and butter, and were more likely to skip breakfast. Significant correlations were shown between BMI Z-score and WC/height index in girls with body dissatisfaction (R=0.19 and 0.18, respectively, p<0.01), desire to lose weight (R=0.26 and 0.25, respectively, p<0.01) and bulimic tendencies (R=0.13, p<0.05 for WC/height). In boys, the drive for thinness was significantly associated only with abdominal fat deposition (R=0.26, p<0.01). Body dissatisfaction and desire for thinness in boys were associated with statistically significantly lower consumption of candies, chocolate, ice cream, cookies and potatoes; in girls - with rare consumption of candies, ice cream, sweet carbonated drinks, juices, fast food, as well as bread, meat and sausages, butter, skipping breakfast and dinner. <b>Conclusion</b>. The tendency to develop eating disorder in adolescence is more common in girls and is associated with dietary restrictions affecting important components of the diet necessary for normal growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 3","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Rats' reproductive function under toxic load against the background of protein deficiency].","authors":"S I Shestakova, A A Stankevich, D S Kotova, M D Trebukh, N S Nikitin, E O Sadykova, N V Tyshko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-85-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-85-93","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Safety assessment approaches of novel food, currently adopted in the Russian Federation, imply mandatory in vivo reproductive toxicity tests with the study of reproductive function and offspring development in order to obtain comprehensive evidence of the absence of distant adverse effects that may manifest only in the next generation. Comprehensive study of reproductive function, pre- and postnatal offspring development, as a rule, includes the research of a large number of parameters, all of which has a wide range of physiological fluctuations, and the heterogeneous distribution of some parameters' values complicates the interpretation of the results. &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of the study was to investigate the efficiency of a reduced adaptive potential model in rats, based on decreased diet protein intake, for the use in reproductive toxicity experiments. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The research lasting 155 days was carried out on rats of F0 (180 females and 90 males) and F1 (773 pups, 456 fetuses) generations. Animals of parental generation F0 were divided into 3 groups - control, the 1st and the 2nd test groups, 30 males and 60 females in each. The initial age of F0 rats was 28-35 days. Animals of all groups during growth and sexual maturation (25-90 days of life) received a diet with reduced protein content (9.4 g per 100 g of diet, which is 9% in calorie value). After reaching the age of physiological maturity (100 days) rats were transferred to a diet with lower protein content (6.1 g per 100 g of diet, 6% in calorie value), and received this diet during mating, pregnancy and feeding of F1 offspring. The rats of the test groups received with feed the model herbicide glyphosate (isopropylamine salt, concentration 360 g/l) at a dose of 0.3 g/kg body weight (6% of LD50): the 1st test group - from day 70 of life, the 2nd test group - from day 30 of life throughout the duration of the experiment. Reproductive function was evaluated by the fertility of F0 animals and by the character of prenatal and postnatal development of F1 offspring. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. The toxic factor's influence on the background of reduced protein supply did not lead to complex changes in the reproductive function of rats, the test groups differed from the control group only by the post-implantation loss and the mean litter size in the postnatal period: post-implantation loss in the 1st and the 2nd test groups was higher than normal, exceeding the value of this indicator in the control group (4.7±1.6%) by 3.1 (p&lt;0.05) и 2.2 (р&gt;0.05) times; the mean litter size in the 1st and the 2nd test groups was by 15.8 and 21.3% (р&lt;0.05) lower than in the control group. Survival rate of offspring during the 1st month of life in all groups was at least 72%, which corresponds to the lower limit of the norm characteristic for Wistar rats. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;. The use of the alimentary model of adaptation potential reduction based on diet protein deficiency does not consider appropriate in r","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 5","pages":"85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Unprocessed red meat consumption in the general working-age population: sociodemographic, behavioral and health-related determinants].","authors":"V S Kaveshnikov, I A Trubacheva, V N Serebryakova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-65-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-65-72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anunbalanced diet, specifically excessive unprocessed red meat (RM) consumption, plays significant role in development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Modern research indicates excessive consumption of unprocessed red meat (RM) in the Russian population. There are reports of relationships between RM consumption and some factors, but it hasn't been sufficiently studied. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study unprocessed RM intake and its relationship to socio-demographic, behavioral and medical factors in general population. <b>Material and methods</b>. In the ESSE-RF cross-sectional study, data from 1.600 participants randomly sampled from unorganized population of 25-64 years old (59% women), average age 45.0±0.5 and 47.2±0.4 years for men and women, respectively, were studied. Standard questionnaire was used. Frequency of RM consumption was presented in 4 ranked categories from \"do not use/rarely\" to \"daily/almost daily\". Associative analysis included socio-demographic, behavioral and health-related variables. Descriptive statistics, single- and multivariable ordinal regression were used. <b>Results</b>. 52.1% of men and 41.9% of women consumed RM daily (p<0.001), one third of all - 1-2 times a week (p=0.737), 11.5% of men and 22.5% of women - 1-2 times a month or less (p<0.001). Odds for higher RM consumption were higher in men (OR=1.67; p<0.001). In men RM intake didn't vary with age (p=0.796). Highest RM intake in women was observed at the age of 35-44 years, comparatively lower at 25-34 (OR=0.70; p=0.076), 45-54 (OR=0.63; p=0.012) and 55-64 years old (OR=0.42; p<0.001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, prosperity level (women), physically active work, marital status, living in own housing showed a direct, whereas presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (women) and walking >=45 min - inverse association with RM consumption, accordingly. <b>Conclusion</b>. With age, the frequency of RM consumption was relatively constant in men and decreased in women after 45 years. The frequency of RM consumption was directly correlated with male gender, physical activity during work, marital status (married/common-law marriage), residence in one's own house, income level (for women) and inversely correlated with walking >=45 min during free time. Less frequent RM consumption in women was associated with the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. No independent associations with chronic alimentary diseases and other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases has been found. The data obtained indicate the need to increase public awareness concerning the role of RM in the development of chronic non-communicable diseases, and to develop tools reducing RM intake and increasing share of other protein sources in the diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 5","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hygienic assessment and prospects for the use of protein-based sweeteners in food production].","authors":"O V Bagryantseva, V V Bessonov, D O Bokov, Z G Gureu, E V Lyashenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-26-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-26-36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analysis of the morbidity in the population of the Russian Federation showed the presence of a significant number of people with chronic non-infection pathologies, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, whose diet should include food with reduced energy value. For this purpose, food containing sweeteners are widely used. At the same time, the range of sweeteners permitted for the usage in food industry does not always allow achieving the desired technological effect. In this regard, it is of interest to search for new types of sweeteners with the necessary organoleptic and technological properties. Such sweeteners include a number of proteins with a sweet taste. <b>The purpose</b> of the study was to analyze the available data on the possibility of using protein-based sweeteners in the food industry and their human health safety. <b>Material and methods</b>. The article presents an analysis and generalization of published data from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, RSCI, Cyberleninka, Google Scholar, as well as provisions of domestic and international regulatory and legislative documents. <b>Results</b>. An analysis of the biological and technological properties of sweeteners based on sweet-tasting proteins (thaumatin, brazzein, curculin, manbilin, miraculin, monellin, pentadin) and their production methods has been carried out. Evidence is presented of the possibility of safe use in food, not only of thaumatin (E957), but also of such proteins as brazzein and monellin. Other sweet-tasting proteins are also of interest for their use as sweeteners and substances modifying food taste. It has been shown that at present the biological properties and mechanism of action of various types of sweet proteins on the human body have not been studied sufficiently. In addition, the use of only plant raw materials for the production of these proteins will not allow their wide application in food industry, which is a limitation for their use as food additives - sweeteners. There are reports on the possibility of including sweet proteins in the treatment protocol for various chronic non-infection diseases, including oncological diseases. <b>Conclusion</b>. The conducted analysis of the properties of sweet taste proteins showed the prospects of their use in food industry as sweeteners, substances modifying food taste and bioactive substances. Due to the fact that an increase in the production of sweet proteins is possible only in the case of using biotechnological methods, producer strains and sweeteners obtained by microbial synthesis can be applied in food industry only after assessing the risks to human health and establishing regulations for their safe use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Identification of thermal protective effect of food proteins in relation to phycocyanin].","authors":"A S Bilyalova, N A Biryulina, A L Novokshanova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-84-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-84-90","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the promising sources for creating specialized foods is the biomass of Arthrospira platensis food microalgae. Biomass of A. platensis and its aqueous extracts are used as a source of bioactive compounds, primarily phycocyanins which are protein macromolecules that largely determine the antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of this cyanobacterium. The chromophore part of phycocyanin is photo- and thermolabile and can undergo restructuring, as a result of which phycocyanin loses its biological value. Various food proteins can be used to protect chromophoric compounds. In this work, two types of proteins (whey and egg proteins) were studied in the complex with phycocyanin. &lt;b&gt;The aim&lt;/b&gt; of the study was to identify the heat-protective effect of egg and milk proteins in relation to phycocyanin by using colorimetric method and differential scanning calorimetry. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. Food sodium caseinate, whey protein concentrate, unfractionated edible egg white and phycocyanin concentrate were used as research objects. Combinations of phycocyanin with proteins were prepared by mixing equal volumes of 1% aqueous solutions, followed by thermostatting the mixtures at a temperature of (28±0.5) °C for 60 minutes in an incubator shaker at a stirring speed of 100 rpm. Studies of the thermodynamic characteristics of the samples separately and in combination with phycocyanin were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry by heating of the samples from 25 to 200 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min. The color change of phycocyanin solutions during storage for 20 min at a temperature of 50 °C was assessed by spectrocolorimetry. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. The most pronounced low-temperature endothermic effect (peak at 60 °C) was detected in the whey protein concentrate. The ovalbumin had a small thermal effect at 70 and 100 °C, while the sodium caseinate had a small thermal effect at 132 °C. The dry phycocyanin sample had two peaks at 80 and 121 °C and the onset of thermal degradation at 65 °C. The destruction temperature of the sodium caseinate solution was 100.8±1.3 °C, for the whey protein concentrate solution - 113.7±0.8 °C. The aqueous solution of phycocyanin had a thermal effect peak at 103.3±1.7 °C. Mixing phycocyanin with the studied edible proteins resulted in changes in the peak degradation temperatures. The most noticeable decrease was observed for ovalbumin in complex with phycocyanin (at 101.9±1.9 °C), indicating a decrease in the thermal stability of phycocyanin in the presence of this protein. The combination of phycocyanin with whey protein concentrate led to a significant increase in the destruction temperature (at 112.0±2.1 °C). In terms of color index, solutions of phycocyanin complexes with proteins differed significantly from an aqueous solution of phycocyanin. The samples had threshold values for color tolerance (ΔE) in the range of 2 units, that is they were visually distinguishable immediately after prepar","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Anthocyanins as an element of nutritional support for athletes: effects and molecular mechanisms of action].","authors":"A G Krasutsky, I V Aksenov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antioxidants are among the common components of sports nutrition designed to counteract oxidative stress that develops during intense physical activity. One of the promising antioxidants are anthocyanins which belong to polyphenolic compounds of plant origin (class of flavonoids). <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to analyze the results of prospective controlled studies on the effect of anthocyanins on physical performance, and to consider the possible molecular mechanisms of their action. <b>Material and methods</b>. Sources were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and CyberLeninka databases of peer-reviewed scientific literature without restrictions on the year of publication using the following keywords: anthocyanins, physical performance, recovery, sport and exercise nutrition, oxidative stress, inflammation. <b>Results</b>. The main data set on the effects of anthocyanins in athletes was obtained using extracts of blackcurrant and Montmorency tart cherry. Volunteers received anthocyanins at a dose of 86-547 mg per day for 1 to 10 days with subsequent evaluation of their performance in cycling, running and fitness activities. The possibility of favorable effect of anthocyanins on physical performance and acceleration of its recovery after exertion has been shown. The source, dose and duration of intake did not significantly influence the established effects of anthocyanins. Acting as exogenous regulators of metabolism, anthocyanins can activate several mechanisms of performance enhancement, including influence on antioxidant and immune status and apoptosis intensity. Anthocyanins prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species, neutralize electrophilic compounds by direct interaction or through activation of Nrf2 factor, which regulates the transcription of antioxidant enzyme genes. The basis of the anti-inflammatory action of anthocyanins is their ability to inhibit MARK and NF-κB mediated signal transduction. Inclusion of bilberry and blackcurrant extract in the diet prevented the intensification of myocyte apoptosis and suppression of cellular immunity induced by exhausting exercise. An additional mechanism of anthocyanin action on physical performance may be an increase in blood supply of organs and tissues due to vascular dilation caused by activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. <b>Conclusion</b>. The intake of plant extracts with a high anthocyanin content can increase physical performance and improve recovery after physical exertion, which may be due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins, their ability to regulate apoptosis processes and improve blood supply to organs and tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 3","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development of allergenic potential's assessment approaches of protein hydrolysates obtained from alternative food sources].","authors":"M D Trebukh, E O Sadykova, A A Shumakova, S I Shestakova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-91-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-91-97","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The investigation of the perspectives for the application of alternative protein sources in food production has allowed us to identify two main directions requiring comprehensive scientific support: firstly, the development of production and processing of food protein technologies to obtain food hydrolysates with a given composition and properties, and secondly, the assessment of the such product safety, including evaluation of their allergenic potential. Currently, within the second direction, research is being conducted to improve approaches to assessing the allergenic potential of innovative food, search for new in vitro and in vivo models and biomarkers to guarantee the safety of these products for consumers. &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of the study was to research the allergenic potential of the methanotrophic bacteria protein hydrolysates on the model of systemic anaphylaxis in rats and to formulate approaches to assessing the novel foods' safety. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The allergenic potential of acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of Methylococcus capsulatus methanotrophic bacteria was investigated on the systemic anaphylaxis' model in two 30-day experiments on Wistar rats' male fed diet containing acid hydrolysate in the 1st experiment and enzymatic hydrolysate in the 2nd experiment. Animals of the corresponding control groups were kept on semi-synthetic casein diet. The ingredients of the experimental groups' diets were substituted taking into account the content of protein, fat, carbohydrates and dietary fibers in the hydrolysates in compliance with the principle of isocaloric content and identity of chemical composition. Allergenic potential of hydrolysates was assessed using an expanded pool of indicators: severity of active anaphylactic shock (mortality, number of severe anaphylaxis reactions); cytokine profile (content of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as regulators of cellular and humoral immune response), ovalbumin specific IgG immunoglobulin level before administration of ovalbumi permissive dose. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. In the sensitised rats the inclusion of methanotrophic bacteria hydrolysates in the diet caused an increase in allergic reactivity. The systemic anaphylaxis severity was 20% (p&lt;0.05) higher in rats of the 1st experimental group receiving acid hydrolysate with the diet than in animals of the 1st control group; in rats of the 2nd experimental group it was 33% (p&lt;0.05) lower than the corresponding control. The assessment of the humoral immune response intensity shows a slight statistically unreliable increase by 11% (p&gt;0.05) in the sum of IgG1 + IgG4 antibodies in rats of the 1st experimental group compared to the corresponding control group. This indicator in rats of the 2nd experimental group was 81% (p&lt;0.05) higher than in rats of the 2nd control group. The study of serum cytokine profiles revealed an increase in Th1/Th2-regulators of the immune response in rats of both experimental groups comp","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of separate and combined intake of rutin and hesperidin on the activity and gene expression of cytochrome P450 isoforms 1A and 3A in rat liver].","authors":"N V Trusov, V A Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-132-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-132-138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of minor bioactive compounds (BAC) of food, including rutin and hesperidin, along with antiradical and antioxidant activity, include their interaction with transcription factors modulating the functional state of the organism defense systems, one of which is the system of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. However, the data on their combined action are limited. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study the effect of rutin and hesperidin on the activity and gene expression of cytochrome P450 isoforms 1A and 3A (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A) in rat liver at their separate and combined intake. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study was carried out using 4 groups of 6 male Wistar rats with initial body weight 225±5 g. For 14 days the rats of the control group received a standard semi-synthetic diet. Rutin and hesperidin were administered separately or together at a calculated daily dose of 400 mg per 1 kg body weight. CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activities were determined spectrofluorimetrically in liver microsomal fraction, CYP3A activity - by high-performance liquid chromatography. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. <b>Results</b>. Dietary intake of rutin and hesperidin did not significantly alter the activity of the studied enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism, but had an inducing effect on CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes, expression of which statistically significant increased both at separate and combined intake. The expression of CYP3A1 gene did not differ from control values at intake of rutin alone, but considerably and statistically significant decreased in the presence of hesperidin in the diet. An increase in transcription factor AhR gene expression was noted, moreover the expression in the group receiving rutin + hesperidin was significantly reduced in relation to the group receiving rutin alone. <b>Conclusion</b>. Combined intake of flavonoids (rutin and hesperidin) has a modulating effect on enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism at the level of their gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"132-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}