Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[Evaluation of biomarkers of intestinal permeability and inflammation in food allergies].","authors":"V A Revyakina, V A Mukhortykh, T N Korotkova, I A Larkova, I V Vorozhko, E D Kuvshinova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-68-75","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-68-75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The digestive tract performs an important barrier function, protecting the internal environment of the organism from excessive intake of various macromolecules, especially of food origin. Despite numerous works devoted to the study of the mechanisms of development of food allergy (FA), many aspects of its pathogenesis require further interpretation and research. This is necessary for the introduction of effective diagnostic methods and new therapies. The purpose of the research was to determine the diagnostic and pathogenetic significance of markers of increased intestinal permeability and inflammation in children with FA.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The criteria for inclusion in the research were the age of children from 3 to 7 years old; patients with a diagnosis of FA. 45 children with FA were examined, the clinical marker of which was atopic dermatitis (AtD) associated with underlying disease (AtD + FA). The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy children. The levels of zonulin, calprotectin, eosinophilic neurotoxin and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in coprofiltrates, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE antibodies to food allergens and eosinophilic cationic protein in the blood serum were determined for all children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The examined children with AtD + FA showed high levels of blood total IgE 273.89 [157.2; 597.2] IU/L, hypersensitivity to a number of foods (cow's milk, egg, fish, wheat), eosinophilia (6.90±1.15%). Zonulin levels were increased (p<0.05) in patients with moderate FA compared with mild FA and amounted to 84.3 [67.8; 93.5] and 26.5 [17.5; 62.3] ng/ml, respectively, versus 21.5 [13.2; 30.9] ng/ml in healthy children. The amount of calprotectin in the stool was within the normal range. The sIgA content in feces was reduced in all patients, amounting to 32.3 [1.66; 50.7] μg/g versus 61.4±3.2 μg/g in children from the control group (p<0.05). The amount of eosinophilic neurotoxin in feces (1025.65 [327.96; 1739.54] ng/g) and eosinophilic cationic protein in blood serum (35.23 [30.12; 39.78] ng/ml) was increased, unlike in children of the control group (610.4 [300.25; 1101.97] ng/g and 29.67 [25.43; 32.75] ng/ml respectively, p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed the signs of increased intestinal permeability, eosinophilic inflammation, and impaired mucosal immunity in children with AtD + FA. Patients with moderate disease severity showed increased intestinal barrier permeability, as evidenced by high levels of zonulin in coprofiltrates, as well as activation of eosinophilic inflammation, as indicated by elevated levels of eosinophilic neurotoxin and cationic protein. In addition, a decrease in mucosal immunity was detected, as evidenced by low values of secretory IgA, which indicates a disruption of the barrier function of the gastrointestinal mucosa. These findings suggest an important role of intestinal permeability and eosinophilic i","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 4","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the body composition of patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism].","authors":"O V Sazonova, M Yu Gavryushin, R V Hamtsova, S S Manakhova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-76-85","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-76-85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, associated with the global obesity pandemic, makes modern healthcare necessary to improve diagnostic tools aimed at early detection and further evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. Bioimpedance is a modern diagnostic tool in dietetics and endocrinology. Differences in body composition, as well as the accumulation of fat mass in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism, become an urgent issue to study. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the body composition of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and insulin resistance (IR).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The analysis of medical records of 1003 patients who received individual consultations from a dietitian and an endocrinologist at the bases of medical, preventive and diagnostic organizations in Samara has been carried out. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the disease history: with diagnosed DM2 (288 people); with clinically established IR (319 people) and without carbohydrate metabolism disorders (396 people). The data of the morbidity history and the results of bioimpedance have been analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant difference in the component composition between patients with DM2, insulin resistance and without impaired carbohydrate metabolism was revealed in all parameters, except for active cellular and musculo-skeletal mass in kilograms and basal metabolism in women and except for the percentage of fat mass in men. DM2 patients were found to have the highest median values of body weight and body mass index (BMI), fat mass, total body water, and the lowest values of active cellular and skeletal muscle mass relative to lean body mass, as well as the current metabolic rate (specific basal metabolic rate and phase angle). The results of the component composition in patients of different sexes had a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in patients with IR and DM2 for all indicators except body fat mass in kilograms and BMI. At the same time, in the group of patients without carbohydrate metabolism disorders, statistically significant differences were not found for any of the indicators, except for the phase angle and fat mass in kilograms, which may indicate the presence of certain gender-specific characteristics of the influence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders on the component composition of the body. Significant differences in fat mass and proportion of fat mass were found for patients with and without carbohydrate metabolism disorders depending on the body mass index. There were also significant differences in fat mass and the fat mass available for patients with and without impaired carbohydrate metabolism, depending on BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bioelectrical impedance analysis as a method of analyzing the body structure and ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 4","pages":"76-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on carbohydrate metabolism in northern men].","authors":"I V Averyanova, O O Alyoshina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-31-38","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-31-38","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known for being one of the most important classes of bioactive lipids; of them, the long-chain ones, namely eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, have many positive effects on the human body. <b>The aim</b> of this study was to assess the carbohydrate metabolism in northern men living in the Magadan Region before and after the administration of a dietary supplement with PUFA. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study included 45 men (mean age 40.0±0.8 years), of whom 2 groups comparable in age and analyzed parameters were formed by random sampling. The participants of the main group (n=30) consumed PUFA (2 capsules containing 1200 mg, including 660 mg EPA and 440 mg DHA), and the control group (n=15) had no impact on the diet. Fasting venous blood was collected using a vacuum system to determine glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using the turbidimetric immunoinhibition, glucose by the hexokinase method, insulin by the immune chemiluminescence using paramagnetic particles at the beginning (late October, 2023) and the end (mid-December, 2023) of the study, and HOMA-IR index was calculated. The daily diet was assessed using the ASPON-nutrition program (St. Petersburg) based on the results of the food diary keeping for 3 days (weekdays). <b>Results</b>. In men of the main group, positive changes in the carbohydrate profile were noted, associated with the intake of ω-3 PUFAs, manifested in HbA1c decrease (from 5.5±0.1 to 5.2±0.1%, p<0.05) while maintaining blood concentration of glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR at the same level. Unlike the main group, the control group experienced disadaptation in their carbohydrate metabolism as they exhibited the signs of hyperinsulinemia (increased basal fasting insulin level from 8.8±1.2 to 11.4±1.1 mIU/l, p<0.05) and insulin resistance (the increase in the HOMA-IR from 2.0±0.2 to 2.6±0.3, p<0.05), which was apparently due to the autumn-winter period of the study. <b>Conclusion</b>. Resulting from the data obtained, this study showed the presence of a leveling function and even an optimizing role of additional ω-3 PUFAs intake with respect to seasonal changes in the biochemical parameters of the northern residents during the crucial period of the year with its temperature curve transition through 0 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 4","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Vitamin D status in connection with <i>VDR</i> and <i>GC</i> genes polymorphism in coal mining workers].","authors":"O A Soboleva, V I Minina, A V Torgunakova, R A Titov, A A Yakovleva, I S Milentyeva, L K Asyakina, A Yu Prosekov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-74-83","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-74-83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D is a unique compound that can enter the human body not only with food, but also be synthesized in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Individual differences in the need for this vitamin may be associated with the carriage of polymorphic variants of genes that implement its biological effects, which include VDR BsmI C>T (rs1544410), VDR TaqI A>G (rs731236) and GC rs2282679 T>G. At risk for vitamin D deficiency are workers in the coal mining industry, whose working conditions combine limited insolation and a pronounced deficiency of vitamins in the diet. <b>The purpose</b> of the study was to assess vitamin D plasma level in coal mining workers depending on the carriage of polymorphic variants of the VDR BsmI C>T (rs1544410), VDR TaqI A>G (rs731236) and GC rs2282679 T>G genes and professional working conditions. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study included 154 coal mining workers. The main group consisted of 100 workers associated with the underground nature of work, the comparison group - 54 ground workers of the enterprise. In all individuals, the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blood plasma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and genotyping was performed for three polymorphic loci: VDR rs1544410, rs731236, GC rs2282679 by real-time PCR. <b>Results</b>. A statistically significant decrease in the concentration of plasma vitamin D in the underground workers was revealed, compared with the level of this vitamin in ground workers of the enterprise (p=0.037). Underground workers - carriers of the CT genotype of the VDR rs1544410 gene, AG of the VDR rs731236 gene and TT of the GC rs2282679 gene had a lower 25(OH)D level in blood plasma compared to owners of similar genotype variants in the comparison group (p<0.05). Among ground workers, carriers of the TT genotype of the GC rs2282679 gene had a significantly higher vitamin D plasma level compared to carriers of the TG and GG genotypes (p=0.02). An association of the GC gene with vitamin D level in blood plasma was revealed according to a dominant model of inheritance (OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.97; p=0.037, for owners of the TT genotype, compared with carriers of the TG+GG genotypes). <b>Conclusion</b>. The development of personalized diets based on individual genetic status may be of great importance for the prevention of diseases associated with vitamin D deficiency in individuals at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 4","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of food allergy in the development of rosacea].","authors":"A A Barilo, S V Smirnova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-76-83","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-76-83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rosacea is a chronic skin disease in which a violation of its barrier function can lead to the penetration of various allergens that normally do not penetrate, and as a result, the development of sensitization. The study of the spectrum of sensitization to food allergens in patients with rosacea is especially relevant, since it can contribute to the discovery of new disease triggers and determine a personalized approach to therapy. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study the features of the spectrum of sensitization to food and pollen (cross-reacting) allergens in patients with rosacea. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study involved patients with rosacea (group 1, n=30). The mean age of the patients was 36.0±2.6 years. The control group consisted of practically healthy patients comparable in terms of sex and age (group 2, n=20). All patients underwent a specific allergic examination: collection of an allergic anamnesis, skin prick testing with food and pollen allergens (Allergopharma, Germany) with an assessment of the magnitude of hyperemia (from + to ++++). Taking into account the results of a specific allergy testing, patients with rosacea were prescribed an individual elimination diet with the exclusion of causative allergens, including cross-reacting ones, for a period of 1 month. <b>Results</b>. The most significant food allergens in rosacea were rye and wheat flour proteins and egg yolk: 62.1, 46.7 and 47.8% of cases, respectively. Almost half of the patients showed sensitization to beef meat (46.1%), oats (42.9%), and soy (44.4%). The most common pollen allergens in the spectrum of sensitization in rosacea patients were meadow and grass pollen - 65.5% and 58.9%, respectively. A significant reduction in the severity of the inflammatory reaction on the face skin after a 4-week elimination diet was noted in 56.7% of patients. <b>Conclusion</b>. The positive clinical effect of eliminating causative allergens in rosacea confirms the role of food allergy in the pathology and justifies the need for joint efforts of allergist/immunologists and dermatologists in personalized diet therapy of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of intaking a new sport food on milk and fruit basis on blood biochemical indicators and antioxidant status in athletes].","authors":"Yu A Sinyavskiy, D N Tuigunov, U N Kapysheva, Sh K Bakhtiyarova, Kh S Sarsembayev, G S Zhunussova, Ye N Omarov, B O Bekmanov, B I Zhaksymov, E E Makashev, A B Junussova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-43-56","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-43-56","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The problem of developing special food with targeted medical and biological properties is a pressing issue not only for sports medicine, but also for nutrition science. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to provide a medical and biological justification for the development and to evaluate the effectiveness of using new sport food (SF) in the form of a bar. <b>Material and methods</b>. The milk-fruit bar was developed on the basis of dry goat milk, dry whey, fruit and berry and grain raw materials, hydrolysate and isolate of plant and animal proteins, vitamin premix, as well as dry cultures of lacto- and bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum BB79, Streptococcus lactis SL215, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA72 (in a 1:1:1 ratio). The assessment of the effectiveness of a SF was carried out on 2 groups of professional athletes involved in martial arts (MMA), Greco-Roman wrestling, triathlons and pentathlon. 42 athletes were included in the control group and 46 athletes were included in the main group. Athletes in the main group consumed 4 milk-fruit bars (120 g) daily in addition to their basic diet, while athletes in the control group received placebo bars equivalent in calorie value (150 g). The complex examination before and after a 21-day training cycle, in combination with SF intake, included the study of body composition, hematological (red blood cells, hemoglobin, leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hematocrit) and biochemical studies (plasma total protein, albumin, cholesterol, lactate) as well as studying the antioxidant status of athletes [malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugates (DC) in blood serum]. <b>Results</b>. On the 21st day of SF intake, the cholesterol level decreased by 14.5-18.9% (p<0.05) in individuals involved in Greco-Roman wrestling, MMA and triathlon, in athletes involved in pentathlon - by 11.3% (p>0.05) compared to the initial level in blood plasma. Lactate level also lowered in athletes involved in Greco-Roman wrestling and triathlon by 14.2-28.3% (p<0.05), in other sports - by 12.2-17.6% (p>0.05). At the same time, these indicators did not change significantly in athletes from the control group. In addition, the lactate level in triathletes at the end of the study was 23.2% lower compared to the level in athletes from the control group (p<0.05). SF intake led to the decrease (p<0.05) in blood serum of athletes involved in the presented sports of MDA level by 20.0-27.9% (except for triathletes) and of DC - by 14.3-48.5% (except for athletes involved in Greco-Roman wrestling). In athletes of the control group after taking a placebo bar, the level of MDA significantly decreased by 20.0% only in individuals involved in MMA. <b>Conclusion</b>. The developed SF can be recommended for nutrition of athletes involved in various sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 5","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Edible insects' proteome in the safety aspect of entomoprotein's food application].","authors":"N V Tyshko, K A Timoshenko, E O Sadykova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-57-66","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-57-66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the Russian Federation is considering the possibility of using insects as food raw materials, which, first of all, is positioned as a source of complete protein, therefore, the methodology of safety assessment of such products should include studying the proteomic profile of entomoprotein. Proteome profiling of the insect-derived novel food opens fresh opportunities not only for assessing their safety, but also for developing methods of elimination of potentially allergenic proteins from the final product. Modern technological approaches aimed at destruction or modification of the structure of such proteins, namely chemical modification (glycosylation, phosphorylation, acylation) and complexation with polyphenols, anthocyanins and other compounds, along with wet and dry thermal exposure, hydrolysis, fermentation, irradiation, ultrasound or high hydrostatic pressure treatment, will provide the possibility of obtaining products with reduced allergenic potential. <b>The purpose</b> of the work was to assess the current state of proteomic profiling of insect proteins in the aspect of the safety of their food application. <b>Material and methods</b>. The analytical part of the work included literature search, collection of information and statistical materials published in domestic and foreign scientific publications, the search was conducted using the Google Academy search engine and electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY, mainly for the last 25 years. <b>Results</b>. Proteomic profile data on a number of edible insects were analyzed and systematized. Three arthropod-specific proteins (hemocyanin, chemosensory protein, and odorant-binding protein) were identified, as well as 58 nonspecific proteins (including those found in plants - at least 52 (90%), in fungi - 49 (84%), in mollusks - 47 (81%), in crustaceans - 53 (91%), and in other animals - 54 (93%). The possibility of entomoproteins' allergenicity reducing by their thermal treatment and hydrolysis was studied. <b>Conclusion</b>. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that most of the entomoproteins are not unique and are also present in traditional food sources. The potential IgE-binding allergens identified in edible insects correspond mainly to pan-allergens with crossreactivity with some homologous proteins present in other arthropods (mites, crustaceans), molluscs and nematodes. Only hemocyanin, chemosensory protein, and odorant-binding protein can be classified as specific proteins found in arthropods (particularly insects and crustaceans). Of all the proteins studied, only one is found exclusively in insects, the so-called cockroach allergen-like protein, which occupies a special place because its structure and function are still unclear and require further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bioimpedansometry in patients with chronic lung diseases in the context of the pulmonary-cardio-renal continuum].","authors":"L K Ibrayeva, D K Rybalkina, A R Alina, I V Bacheva, M K Aubakirova, O S Klassen, P V Ovtsynov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-105-116","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-105-116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a method widely used to assess body composition and parameters related to health and its disorders, which has prognostic value in gastroenterology, endocrinology, nephrology, cardiology, pulmonology, oncology, surgery and critical care. <b>The purpose</b> of this study was to analyze bioimpedance measurements in patients with chronic lung diseases [interstitial lung diseases (ILD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)] in relation to clinical and biochemical parameters for assessing respiratory, cardiac and renal failure. <b>Material and methods</b>. An analysis of bioimpedance data obtained during diagnostics on the InBody 770 device was carried out in relation to clinical (heart rate, blood pressure, saturation before and after the 6-minute walk test) and biochemical parameters (serum creatinine and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide - NT-pro-BNP), in 197 patients with chronic lung diseases aged 25 to 60 years (117 patients with COPD, 86.0% men and 80 patients with ILD, 83.8% women). <b>Results</b>. A proportion of patients with COPD and ILD had changes in body composition, manifested by an increase in fat mass (57.3% of patients with COPD and 70% of patients with ILD) and a decrease in skeletal muscle mass (24.8% of patients with COPD and 27.5% of patients with ILD). The mean values of the phase angle (50 kHz) for the whole body in both groups were below the reference values. When analyzing the relationship between the phase angle (50 kHz) for the whole body and age, there was a weak inverse relationship according to the Evans scale (r=-0.23 in patients with COPD and r=-0.33 in patients with ILD). The NT-pro-BNP level was higher than reference values in both studied groups, which may indicate cardiac dysfunction. The whole-body phase angle in the ILD and COPD group had moderate and weak inverse relationships with NT-pro-BNP for men and women (r=-0.49 and -0.39; r=-0.25 and -0.22, respectively). After the 6-minute walk test, the saturation level decreased in patients of both groups. The body hydration index indicated moderate edema, more pronounced in women. The hydration index had a direct weak relationship with NT-pro-BNP level (r=0.21 and 0.38 in patients with COPD and ILD, respectively). <b>Conclusion</b>. A number of bioimpedance parameters (phase angle, hydration index) in patients with COPD and ILD had relationships with biochemical parameter of cardiac dysfunction (NT-pro-BNP). Assessment of body composition by bioimpedancemetry in patients with chronic lung diseases is necessary for a comprehensive analysis of health status with recommendations for correcting the identified changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The importance of amaranth products in the diet of children with gluten intolerance].","authors":"V I Popov, I A Bavykina, A A Zvyagin, L A Miroshnichenko, D V Bavykin","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-14-21","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-14-21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of gluten intolerance is a modern area of medical science. With the advent of new diagnostic capabilities and data on the forms of the disease, wide opportunities have opened up in optimizing the timing and invasiveness reducing of intervention during diagnosis and further monitoring of the child's health. However, despite all efforts, the basic method of treating all forms of gluten intolerance remains strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). It is known that GFD itself, as well as low adherence to its observance can lead to nutritional disorders. Therefore, the expansion of the diet at the expense of foods with high nutritional value will greatly contribute to the optimization of diet therapy and compensation for food restrictions. <b>The purpose</b> of the review was to evaluate the possibility of using amaranth products in a GFD to fill the need for nutrients in children with gluten intolerance. <b>Material and methods</b>. The search for literature data was carried out using PubMed, eLIBRARY, scholar.google platforms mainly over the last 5 years, using the keywords: gluten intolerance, children, amaranth, gluten-free diet. <b>Results</b>. An analysis of modern literary sources has shown that amaranth is a product of choice in diet therapy when following a GFD, since it is a pseudo-grain crop. The article presents data confirming the high nutritional value of amaranth due to the protein component and the features of the lipid fraction. The features of the amino acid composition and squalene content in comparison with other plant crops are discussed. The article contains information on the preservation of the beneficial properties of amaranth in finished foods, in particular, the addition of amaranth flour instead of corn starch increases the protein content by 32% and fiber by 152% in gluten-free bread without affecting the taste. The advantages of the chemical composition of amaranth are shown in comparison with other pseudo-cereals. The research results prove the effectiveness of using amaranth products in GFD to eliminate deficiency states in patients, normalize physical development in children with gluten intolerance, and increase patient adherence to the diet. <b>Conclusion</b>. The composition of amaranth and the available studies on the effectiveness of amaranth products consumption convincingly prove the advisability of using it in nutrition, especially under dietary restrictions or increased need for nutrients in childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 4","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The influence of diet therapy and regular physical trainings on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion by monocytes among obese patients with coronary heart disease].","authors":"A V Starodubova, N N Shaposhnikova, Yu R Varaeva, T V Kirichenko, Yu V Markina, T V Tolstik, D V Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-63-72","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-2-63-72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic systemic inflammation is one of the leading pathogenetic pathways for the development of atherosclerosis in obese patients. In this regard, it seems promising to evaluate the effect of the diet and physical exertion on the proinflammatory activity of monocytes. <b>The purpose</b> of this research was to evaluate the effect of the diet and regular physical trainings on the secretion of monocyte chemotactic factor 1 (MCP-1) by monocytes in obese patients with coronary artery disease. <b>Material and methods</b>. 27 obese participants (body mass index >30 kg/m2) with a confirmed diagnosis of coronary heart disease were recruited. All participants were prescribed with 12 weeks of a specialized diet with a restriction of simple carbohydrates and salt, a 500-kcal daily energy deficit, and with inclusion of cruciferous (200 g per day), seasonal dark berries (70 g per day) and green tea (200 ml per day). The regular assisted physical trainings were also administered. The body composition, blood biochemical parameters and MCP-1 secretion rates in the primary culture of monocytes isolated from blood samples via the immunomagnetic separation method were assessed before and after the intervention. <b>Results</b>. As a result, after the 12-weeks intervention the reliable body weight loss (-4.0%), waist circumference (-4.2%), visceral fat (-5.4%), total cholesterol (-9.8%), LDL-cholesterol (-16.6%) and triglycerides (-26.0%), an improvement in the results of the 6-minute walk test (+10.33%) was achieved, as well as an LPS-stimulated monocytes secretion of MCP-1 decreased by 2.8 times (p=0.005). <b>Conclusion</b>. Overall, the results suggest that diet and regular physical activity in patients with obesity and coronary heart disease may decrease the functional \"proinflammatory\" activity of monocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 2","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}