Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[The combined effects of sublingual immunotherapy and Lactobacillus acidophilusproducing extract on cedar pollinosis symptoms].","authors":"I Hirobumi, Y Sasuga","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-131-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-131-139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), in which standardized cedar pollen extract solution is administered, has been used to treat cedar pollinosis, but SLIT is problematic because it takes a long time to become effective, and some cases are ineffective even after long-term treatment. It has also been reported that lactobacillus acidophilus extract (LEX), a food-derived ingredient, alleviates various allergic symptoms. This study examined the usefulness of LEX as a treatment for cedar pollinosis in comparison with SLIT. We also examined whether the combined use of SLIT and LEX could have an early-onset of therapeutic effect on cedar pollinosis. We also examined the usefulness of LEX as a salvage therapy for patients who failed to respond to SLIT. Subjects and methods. Fifteen patients with cedar pollinosis were divided into three groups. The three groups were: three patients in the standardized cedar pollen extract group (S group), seven patients in the lactobacillus-producing extract group (L group), and five patients in the combination group of standardized cedar pollen extract and lactobacillus-producing extract (SL group). The subjects were treated for three years, corresponding to the three scattering seasons of cedar pollen, and observed according to the evaluation items. The evaluation items were severity score based on examination findings, subjective symptom score (QOL score) based on the Japanese Standard QOL Questionnaire for Allergic Rhinitis ( JRQLQ No. 1) questionnaire, nonspecific IgE level measurement by blood test, and cedar pollen-specific IgE level measurement. <b>Results</b>. After three years of observation, there were no significant differences in severity score and nonspecific IgE levels among the three groups, while QOL score decreased significantly between the first and third years of treatment in the L group. Cedar pollenspecific IgE levels in the S and SL groups showed an increase in the first year and a gradual decrease in the second and third years of treatment compared to the pre-treatment period. In group L, no increase was observed in the first year, and a significant decrease was observed in the second and third years during the cedar pollen dispersal period. <b>Conclusion</b>. The results of severity and quality of life scores indicated that it took three years of treatment for the S and SL groups to show efficacy, while the L group showed improvement in quality of life scores and cedar pollen-specific IgE levels from the first year, suggesting that LEX is useful as a treatment for cedar pollinosis. The efficacy of combination therapy with SLIT and LEX was not clear, but since the effect of LEX was observed from the early stage of treatment, it was thought that the combination therapy with LEX intake from the early stage of treatment may be effective in reducing the incidence of ineffective cases. The combination therapy of SLIT and LEX may also be useful as a salvage therapy. <b>Categories</","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Protective аction of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis and immune response in rats after exhausting physical exercise. Part II. Effect of ginseng root extract on immunity and regulation of energy metabolism].","authors":"E N Trushina, N A Rieger, O K Mustafina, A N Timonin, I V Aksenov, A G Krasutsky, V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-61-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-61-72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quest for new bioactive compounds with an immune-oriented focus, as well as the study of the mechanisms of immunotropic action of the plant adaptogens used to restore and strengthen the immune system in athletes after intense physical exertion is a priority area of the research in sports medicine. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to investigate the effect intragastric administration of ginseng root extract (GRE) (ginsenosides) on immunity and regulation of energy metabolism in rats after exhausting physical exercise (EPE). <b>Material and methods</b>. The study was conducted on 5 groups of male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of ≈250 g. Animals of the control (the 1st) and experimental groups were placed on a treadmill for 20 min 3 times a week for 2 weeks, after the training was completed, an EPE test was performed (except for the control). 30 min before the training and EPE, rats of groups 3-5 were intragastrically administered GRE in physiological solution at doses of 2.7, 13.5 and 27.0 mg per 1 kg of body weight in terms of ginsenosides, respectively; animals of groups 1 and 2 - physiological solution. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment within 30 min after the cessation of EPE. Expression of CD45R, CD3, CD4, CD8a, CD161 receptors on rat peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by direct immunofluorescence staining of whole blood cells using a panel of monoclonal antibodies on an FC-500 flow cytometer. A basic commercial kit was used to determine the levels of cytokines: interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), hormones leptin and ghrelin. Measurements were performed on a Luminex 200 multiplex analyzer using xMAP (multianalyte profiling) technology and Luminex xPONENT Version 3.1 software. <b>Results</b>. EPE in rats caused changes in the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations, manifested in an increase in the relative content of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood with a decrease in the immunoregulatory index (СD4+/CD8+). Increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-α) found in group 2 rats after EPE indicate the presence of inflammatory processes in damaged organs and tissues, including skeletal muscles. Intragastric administration of ginseng root extract to rats had a dose-dependent protective effect, as evidenced by normalization of the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations, a decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in the activity of Treg (regulatory T-lymphocytes) and Th2 (T-helpers type 2) with an increase in the production of IL-10 and IL-4, positive modulation of the IL-10/ IL-17A ratio and restoration of the overall cytokine profile to control values. Ginseng root extract also has a positive effect on energy metabolism, in which regulation leptin and ghrelin participate. Administration of the maximum dose of ginseng root extract (27 mg/kg body weight) to rats induced ac","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal diseases - a consequence or a cause of progression?]","authors":"M V Chernogorova, E A Medvedeva, G L Yurenev, G G Maryin, T E Tomenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-5-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-5-17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is increasing worldwide, especially in countries with high rates of urbanization. The growth of pathogenic and/or opportunistic bacteria in the small intestine can cause clinical symptoms and digestive and absorption disorders. <b>The aim</b> of the review was to analyze available literature on SIBO in various gastrointestinal pathologies. <b>Material and methods</b>. A literature search was conducted for the last 10 years using the library platforms PubMed, Medscape by keywords: \"small intestinal bacterial overgrowth\", \"SIBO\". A total of 1112 scientific papers were found, of which 124 English-language and 28 Russian-language publications were subject to analysis. Of these, 41 articles (including 5 Russian-language ones) corresponding to the topic of this review were included in the review. <b>Results</b>. The article presents data reflecting the pathophysiology and factors contributing to the development of SIBO. It is shown that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a number of organic and functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are closely associated with SIBO. The features of the pathogenesis of SIBO in gastrointestinal diseases (IBS, IBD, functional dyspepsia, celiac disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, etc.) and its influence on the course of gastrointestinal pathology are described. <b>Conclusion</b>. It is impossible to unambiguously assess the influence that SIBO and various types of gastrointestinal pathology have on each other, since, on the one hand, SIBO can develop as a result of gastrointestinal diseases, and on the other hand, it can serve a predictor of the deterioration of these diseases. Most likely, we are talking about the emergence of a vicious circle, to break which it is necessary to eradicate the microorganisms that cause SIBO. This can be achieved both through drug treatment and by adjusting the diet of patients. An important element of non-specific prevention of SIBO is also timely rational treatment of gastrointestinal diseases that contribute to the development of this syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"5-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of the combined effect of <i>Arthrospira</i> platensis biomass phycyanin concentrate and soy protein on male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet with added cholesterol].","authors":"N A Biryulina, Yu S Sidorova, S N Zorin, N A Petrov, G V Guseva, V K Mazo, A A Kochetkova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-73-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-73-84","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the approaches to the prevention and dietary correction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders is the development of new functional foods with the ingredients containing bioactive compounds with hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties. Soybean protein and biomass of Arthrospira platensis cyanobacteria containing phycobiliproteins (C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin) are the sources of such bioactive compounds. &lt;b&gt;The aim&lt;/b&gt; of the research was to evaluate the combined effect of phycocyanin concentrate (in two dosages of 30 and 300 mg/kg body weight) and soy protein (50% of the protein in the diet) on disorders, induced in Wistar male rats by consumption of high-fat diet with 2% cholesterol. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. A 108-day study was performed on 60 growing male Wistar rats. Animals of the control group K1 received a standard semi-synthetic diet. Disturbances in rats of the experimental group G2 were caused by increasing the proportion of the fat component in the diet (up to 29%), adding 2% cholesterol and replacing 20% of cornstarch with sucrose. In experimental groups G3, G4, and G5, 50% of casein in the high-fat diet was replaced with soy protein isolate. Additionally, phycocyanin concentrate was added to the diets of rats in groups G4 and G5 in quantities of 30 and 300 mg/kg of body weight (in terms of phycocyanin), respectively. In all animals, insulin resistance test was conducted, body composition was measured using magnetic resonance relaxometry, blood serum biochemical parameters of protein, lipid, purine metabolism and liver function, and the triglyceride and cholesterol liver levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods using a biochemical analyzer; leptin, ghrelin, C-peptide, insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and hydroperoxides were determined in blood serum using enzyme immunoassay. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. The inclusion of only soy protein isolate into the high-fat diet with cholesterol had a hypoglycemic effect, preventing the development of insulin resistance, and led to a reliable decrease in blood level of lipid peroxides (p=0.011) compared to G2 group. The combined introduction of phycocyanin concentrate at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight and soy protein into the diet significantly reduced blood levels of cholesterol (p=0.022), lipid peroxides (p=0.001) and ALT activity (p=0.032) compared to G2. At the same time, animals of both these groups retained disorders in hormonal status (increased leptin and ghrelin level), antioxidant status (elevated level of MDA and SOD) at the same level as for animals consuming high-fat diet with 2% cholesterol. Phycocyanin concentrate at a dosage of 30 mg/kg body weight together with soy protein in the diet prevented the development of insulin resistance (p=0.049) and reduced serum glucose level (p=0.025); exerted an antioxidant effect, normalizing the level of lipid peroxides (p=0.047), MDA (p=0.015) and SOD (p=0.038), s","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current issues of regulation of contaminants in food].","authors":"Kh Kh Khamidulina, E V Tarasova, A S Proskurina, A K Nazarenko, E V Dorofeeva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-50-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-50-63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Russian Federation, ensuring food security is one of the main tasks of state policy, which is reflected in the national Food Security Doctrine, which declares the need not only to control products for compliance with the mandatory requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union, but also to harmonize food quality and safety standards with international ones. <b>The purpose</b> of the work was to identify priorities for the development or revision of characteristics and parameters of food safety and quality in the Russian Federation, taking into account global trends. <b>Material and methods</b>. The comparative analysis of the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union, documents of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, Codex Alimentarius, national and international databases on the toxicity and danger of chemicals has been carried out. As part of the study, a search of literature for the last 8 years was performed using Elsevier, eLIBRARY, PubMed bibliographic platforms. <b>Results</b>. Traditionally, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) is most concerned about the regulation of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and chemicals entering food as a result of technological processes. The management of the danger and risk of exposure to contaminants in food is based on the establishment and updating of hygienic standards, including the maximum permissible levels of residual content, (temporary) permissible daily doses of consumption, permissible levels of migration from containers and packaging, prohibition and (or) restriction of the use of highly hazardous chemicals, their replacement with safer alternatives, changing technological processes. <b>Conclusion</b>. A comparative analysis showed that despite the active actions of Rospotrebnadzor to develop new standards, hygienic regulations and guidelines for the control of contaminants, harmonization with international requirements is needed in a number of areas based on fundamental research in the field of hygiene and nutrition science. The standards for the permissible lead content in food and the maximum permissible levels of residual amounts of a number of pesticides in agricultural crops require updating. In addition, activities under the Rotterdam Convention's prior informed consent procedure indicate the need for timely and relevant decisions on the prohibition or restriction of particularly hazardous chemicals and pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"50-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hygienic assessment of the levels of β-cryptoxanthine intake from food sources].","authors":"E V Kirpichenkova, A A Korolev, E I Nikitenko, E L Denisova, E A Fanda, G G Onishchenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-52-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-52-60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-Cryptoxanthin, along with β-carotene and α-carotene, is a precursor to vitamin A, which plays an important physiological role in the body. β-Cryptoxanthin is found in significant amounts in a limited number of dietary sources. The highest levels of β-cryptoxanthin are found in yellow, orange and red vegetables and fruit (persimmons, papaya, sweet peppers, tangerines, corn, peaches, oranges, etc.). <b>The aim</b> of this study was to perform a hygienic assessment of β-cryptoxanthin intake levels, identify its main food sources in young adults in the summer-autumn period. <b>Material and methods</b>. An online questionnaire was developed to establish β-cryptoxanthin intake levels from dietary sources. The questionnaire contained a list of products containing β-cryptoxanthin and common in the Russian food market. Respondents indicated the portion of food consumed the day before the survey. Data collection was carried during the period from June to October 2023. The study involved 214 respondents (173 women and 41 men) aged 18-35 years (mean age 23.4±5.2 years). <b>Results</b>. The average β-cryptoxanthin intake was 0.58±0.63 (Me=0.21 [0.03; 0.66]) mg/ day. At the same time, only 15.4% of respondents had an intake more than 1.0 mg/day, which was ensured both by a variety of food sources in the diet (from 3 to 6 items) and by inclusion individual products with high content of β-cryptoxanthin. The preferred sources of β-cryptoxanthin for the majority of respondents in groups with high dietary levels (more than 1.5 mg/day) were sweet red peppers, peaches, watermelon, tangerines and orange juice. In groups with low and minimal levels of β-cryptoxanthin (less than 1.0 mg/day), along with the indicated products, its intake was due to the consumption of red pepper and paprika spices, dried cilantro, yellow and green sweet peppers, hot pepper sauce, canned jalapeno peppers, corn, oranges, apricots, nectarines, plums, peach and watermelon juices, canned peaches, dried papaya, potato chips. Despite the diversity of dietary sources, low and minimal levels of β-cryptoxanthin intake were due to both insufficient intake and selection of foods with low β-cryptoxanthin content per serving. <b>Conclusion</b>. In 15.4% of respondents, the daily intake of β-cryptoxanthin was more than 1.0 mg/day, in 65.4% of respondents it was less than 1.0 mg/day, and in 19.2% of participants there were no sources of β-cryptoxanthin in the diet. More often than others, sweet red pepper, orange juice, and paprika and red pepper spices were present in the diet of respondents, regardless of the level of β-cryptoxanthin intake, but their contribution to the intake of β-cryptoxanthin was determined by the volume of a single serving, and therefore spices cannot be considered priority sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"52-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Protective action of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis and immune response in rats after exhausting physical exercise. Part I. Effect of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis in rats' gastrocnemius muscle].","authors":"E N Trushina, O K Mustafina, I V Aksenov, A G Krasutsky, V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-110-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-110-117","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Intense psychophysical loads in athletes are the pathogenetic basis for the development of immune dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress and activation of the process of apoptosis of cells in various organs and tissues, including myofibrils of skeletal muscles. Adaptogens of plant origin, including bioactive compounds (BAC) of ginseng, have long been used by professional athletes to enhance the body's resistance to stress and improve physical performance. All mechanisms of the adaptogenic effect of ginseng BAS have not been established yet. Of particular relevance is the issue of the effect of ginseng BAC on the damaged structure of skeletal muscle myofibrils and the activity of their regeneration after intense physical exertion in athletes. &lt;b&gt;The aim&lt;/b&gt; of the research was to investigate the effect of intragastric administration of the ginseng root extract (ginsenosides) on the apoptosis of myofibrils in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats after exhausting physical exercise (EPE). &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The study was conducted on 5 groups of male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of ≈250 g. The rats received a complete semi-synthetic diet and water ad libitum. After the preparatory stage (1 week of quarantine and 1 week of acclimation to the treadmill), animals of the control (the 1st) and experimental (the 2, 3, 4 and 5th) groups were placed on a treadmill for 2 weeks (3 times a week) according to the training program (running duration - 20 min, speed 25 cm/s, treadmill inclination angle 10o), after the completion of which (except for the control group) a test for EPE was carried out. Thirty minutes before the start of training and EPE, rats of experimental groups 3-5 were intragastrically administered ginseng root extract (GRE) in saline in doses: 2.7 (group 3), 13.5 (group 4), and 27.0 (group 5) mg per kg body weight in terms of ginsenosides; animals of groups 1 and 2 were given saline. Within 30 minutes after EPE cessation, rats were withdrawn from the experiment by decapitation, followed by collection of a sample of the gastrocnemius muscle. The intensity of apoptosis of gastrocnemius muscle myofibrils was studied on the day of slaughter by the flow cytometry method. Myofibrils were stained with annexin V conjugated with fluorochrome and 7-aminoactinomycin vital dye with subsequent detection on an FC-500 flow cytometer. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. EPE in rats of the 2nd group lead to a decrease in the relative content of intact (live) myofibrils of the gastrocnemius muscle (80.51±1.41 vs 88.39±1.04% in the control, p&lt;0.05) and an increase in the proportion of myofibrils in apoptosis (20.06±1.62 vs 11.16±1.14% in the control, p&lt;0.05). Intragastric administration of GRE provided positive dynamics (p&lt;0.05) of an increase in the relative content of intact myofibrils in rats of the 4th and 5th groups (85.75±1.22 and 84.60±1.11% respectively) compared with the indicator in rats of the 2nd group that didn't receive GRE. The total n","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of nutrition in the prevention of bone metabolism disturbances in high performance sports].","authors":"K I Nikitina, T V Strelnikova, I T Vykhodets, T F Abramova, T M Nikitina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-21-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-21-36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern professional sports activities are characterized by high training and competitive loads, which are a factor affecting bone metabolism and leading to an increase in injuries, including due to osteoporotic disorders. Nutrition can be classified as a modifiable factor that determines the development and maintenance of bone mass and quality. Correction of athlete's nutrition is an important mechanism aimed at preventing disorders of bone metabolism in elite sports in order to reduce the risk of injuries of the musculoskeletal system. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to analyze modern scientific publications devoted to the influence of the diet of adult athletes over 18 years of age on the maintenance of bone metabolism. <b>Material and methods</b>. The review is based on publications from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka, eLIBRARY databases. Preference was given to international recommendations published over the past 10 years in refereed sources. <b>Results</b>. The review presents current data on the role of nutrition in maintaining the quantity and quality of bone mass, given that the process of skeletal formation requires an adequate and constant supply of macro- and micronutrients: protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D, zinc, iron, vitamins A, C, K, E, B vitamins, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. An important place is given to nutrition balanced in macronutrient composition, designed taking into account energy needs that increase with intense physical activity, which is especially important given the negative impact of limited energy intake on bone metabolism, up to the development of osteoporosis. It is recommended to evaluate the athlete's diet to determine whether he or she is consuming sufficient amounts of essential nutrients that have a positive effect on bone metabolism, taking into account systematic physical activity. If necessary, it is recommended to introduce fortified foods and dietary supplements into the athletes' diet to increase its nutritional value. <b>Conclusion</b>. A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals and trace elements, aimed at preventing a de crease in bone mineral density, is necessary for an athlete throughout the entire period of professional activity, in some cases in combination with vitamin D, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"21-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[External factors contributing to the development of constitutional exogenous obesity in children].","authors":"A A Dzhumagaziev, N M Shilina, D A Bezrukova, N Yu Otto, E V Sosinovskaya, A V Filipchuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-37-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-37-49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with excessive deposition of adipose tissue, accompanied by impaired organism metabolic functions and changes in the function of organs and systems. Childhood obesity is of particular concern, which in many cases turns into obesity in adults. The most common is simple (constitutionally exogenous, polygenic, idiopathic) obesity associated with excessive intake of calories in conditions of physical inactivity and hereditary predisposition. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to analyze the literature data on the influence of external factors on the development of constitutionally exogenous obesity in children. <b>Material and methods</b>. 84 literature sources were analyzed, keyword (children, obesity, risk factors) searches were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, eLibrary, and Google Scholar databases. The preference was given to the sources compiled from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine with a high level of reliability and evidence (meta-analyses of cohort studies). <b>Results</b>. External risk factors for obesity development include 3 groups of factors: family and home environment factors (parents' attitude to breastfeeding, responsive, positiveemotion feeding while responding sensitively to the child's signals of hunger and satiety, fostering children's skills and culture of optimal, balanced nutrition, family traditions associated with sweet and salty foods and juices, portion sizes, fast or slow eating style, duration of screen time and sleep, sedentary lifestyle, exposure to secondhand smoke, psychosocial stress, depression, adverse childhood experiences, the use of medications associated with an increase in body weight, unfavorably altered intestinal microbiota), environmental factors (fast food outlets, an unfavorable school environment, lack of conditions for safe physical activity) and systemic and political factors (inequality of individual social groups regarding access to quality health services, education, safe food and water, which can lead to differences in health status, ranging from maternal pregnancy planning and outcomes to children's adolescence, marketing of high-calorie foods high in saturated fat, simple carbohydrates and table salt, and sugar-containing beverages aimed at children). <b>Conclusion</b>. Obesity is a disease characteristic of modern society, the occurrence and development of which can be influenced by all the listed external risk factors. However most of these factors are manageable. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of the role of these external risk factors is necessary to develop adequate methods for obesity prevention and use them in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The experience of the Clinical and diagnostic center «Healthy nutrition» of Samara State Medical University in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases in residents of the Samara region].","authors":"O V Sazonova, M Yu Gavryushin, R V Hamtsova, S R Trubetskaya, D S Tupikova, O V Frolova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-82-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-82-88","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An urgent problem of modern healthcare is overweight and obesity, accompanied by many concomitant diseases. Negative trends in the health of the population and the growth of alimentary pathology puts domestic medicine in the front of the need to create units whose main task will be to provide specialized nutritional care and conduct sanitary and hygienic education among the population. <b>Objective</b>. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the comprehensive programs of the medical center «Healthy Nutrition» of the Samara State Medical University in the prevention of non-communicable diseases in the population of the Samara region. <b>Material and methods</b>. A retrospective analysis of the data of medical records of 2.271 patients of the medical center «Healthy Nutrition» of Samara State Medical University was carried out. Based on the anthropometric examination, the body mass index was calculated, and bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess the body composition. The assessment of the actual nutrition was carried out by an automated method using the computer program «Nutri-prof». <b>Results</b>. Among the examined, only 14% of patients had a normal body weight, in 27% of cases overweight was observed, in 56% - obesity of varying degrees at the start of diet therapy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance were found in 27% of cases with overweight, with obesity of the 3rd degree their prevalence increased more than twice in men and almost twice in women. Patients were recommended weight loss programs that include not only diet therapy, but also hardware techniques. Upon completion of the comprehensive body weight correction program, the number of patients of both sexes with normal body weight increased more than 4.5 times - from 14 to 66%. <b>Conclusion</b>. The comprehensive weight loss program provided at the medical center «Healthy Nutrition» has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of overweight, obesity, as well as in the prevention of non-communicable diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}