Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[The combined effects of sublingual immunotherapy and Lactobacillus acidophilusproducing extract on cedar pollinosis symptoms].","authors":"I Hirobumi, Y Sasuga","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-131-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-131-139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), in which standardized cedar pollen extract solution is administered, has been used to treat cedar pollinosis, but SLIT is problematic because it takes a long time to become effective, and some cases are ineffective even after long-term treatment. It has also been reported that lactobacillus acidophilus extract (LEX), a food-derived ingredient, alleviates various allergic symptoms. This study examined the usefulness of LEX as a treatment for cedar pollinosis in comparison with SLIT. We also examined whether the combined use of SLIT and LEX could have an early-onset of therapeutic effect on cedar pollinosis. We also examined the usefulness of LEX as a salvage therapy for patients who failed to respond to SLIT. Subjects and methods. Fifteen patients with cedar pollinosis were divided into three groups. The three groups were: three patients in the standardized cedar pollen extract group (S group), seven patients in the lactobacillus-producing extract group (L group), and five patients in the combination group of standardized cedar pollen extract and lactobacillus-producing extract (SL group). The subjects were treated for three years, corresponding to the three scattering seasons of cedar pollen, and observed according to the evaluation items. The evaluation items were severity score based on examination findings, subjective symptom score (QOL score) based on the Japanese Standard QOL Questionnaire for Allergic Rhinitis ( JRQLQ No. 1) questionnaire, nonspecific IgE level measurement by blood test, and cedar pollen-specific IgE level measurement. <b>Results</b>. After three years of observation, there were no significant differences in severity score and nonspecific IgE levels among the three groups, while QOL score decreased significantly between the first and third years of treatment in the L group. Cedar pollenspecific IgE levels in the S and SL groups showed an increase in the first year and a gradual decrease in the second and third years of treatment compared to the pre-treatment period. In group L, no increase was observed in the first year, and a significant decrease was observed in the second and third years during the cedar pollen dispersal period. <b>Conclusion</b>. The results of severity and quality of life scores indicated that it took three years of treatment for the S and SL groups to show efficacy, while the L group showed improvement in quality of life scores and cedar pollen-specific IgE levels from the first year, suggesting that LEX is useful as a treatment for cedar pollinosis. The efficacy of combination therapy with SLIT and LEX was not clear, but since the effect of LEX was observed from the early stage of treatment, it was thought that the combination therapy with LEX intake from the early stage of treatment may be effective in reducing the incidence of ineffective cases. The combination therapy of SLIT and LEX may also be useful as a salvage therapy. <b>Categories</","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Protective action of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis and immune response in rats after exhausting physical exercise. Part I. Effect of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis in rats' gastrocnemius muscle].","authors":"E N Trushina, O K Mustafina, I V Aksenov, A G Krasutsky, V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-110-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-110-117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intense psychophysical loads in athletes are the pathogenetic basis for the development of immune dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress and activation of the process of apoptosis of cells in various organs and tissues, including myofibrils of skeletal muscles. Adaptogens of plant origin, including bioactive compounds (BAC) of ginseng, have long been used by professional athletes to enhance the body's resistance to stress and improve physical performance. All mechanisms of the adaptogenic effect of ginseng BAS have not been established yet. Of particular relevance is the issue of the effect of ginseng BAC on the damaged structure of skeletal muscle myofibrils and the activity of their regeneration after intense physical exertion in athletes. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to investigate the effect of intragastric administration of the ginseng root extract (ginsenosides) on the apoptosis of myofibrils in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats after exhausting physical exercise (EPE). <b>Material and methods</b>. The study was conducted on 5 groups of male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of ≈250 g. The rats received a complete semi-synthetic diet and water ad libitum. After the preparatory stage (1 week of quarantine and 1 week of acclimation to the treadmill), animals of the control (the 1st) and experimental (the 2, 3, 4 and 5th) groups were placed on a treadmill for 2 weeks (3 times a week) according to the training program (running duration - 20 min, speed 25 cm/s, treadmill inclination angle 10o), after the completion of which (except for the control group) a test for EPE was carried out. Thirty minutes before the start of training and EPE, rats of experimental groups 3-5 were intragastrically administered ginseng root extract (GRE) in saline in doses: 2.7 (group 3), 13.5 (group 4), and 27.0 (group 5) mg per kg body weight in terms of ginsenosides; animals of groups 1 and 2 were given saline. Within 30 minutes after EPE cessation, rats were withdrawn from the experiment by decapitation, followed by collection of a sample of the gastrocnemius muscle. The intensity of apoptosis of gastrocnemius muscle myofibrils was studied on the day of slaughter by the flow cytometry method. Myofibrils were stained with annexin V conjugated with fluorochrome and 7-aminoactinomycin vital dye with subsequent detection on an FC-500 flow cytometer. <b>Results</b>. EPE in rats of the 2nd group lead to a decrease in the relative content of intact (live) myofibrils of the gastrocnemius muscle (80.51±1.41 vs 88.39±1.04% in the control, p<0.05) and an increase in the proportion of myofibrils in apoptosis (20.06±1.62 vs 11.16±1.14% in the control, p<0.05). Intragastric administration of GRE provided positive dynamics (p<0.05) of an increase in the relative content of intact myofibrils in rats of the 4th and 5th groups (85.75±1.22 and 84.60±1.11% respectively) compared with the indicator in rats of the 2nd group that didn't receive GRE. The total n","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current issues of regulation of contaminants in food].","authors":"Kh Kh Khamidulina, E V Tarasova, A S Proskurina, A K Nazarenko, E V Dorofeeva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-50-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-50-63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Russian Federation, ensuring food security is one of the main tasks of state policy, which is reflected in the national Food Security Doctrine, which declares the need not only to control products for compliance with the mandatory requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union, but also to harmonize food quality and safety standards with international ones. <b>The purpose</b> of the work was to identify priorities for the development or revision of characteristics and parameters of food safety and quality in the Russian Federation, taking into account global trends. <b>Material and methods</b>. The comparative analysis of the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union, documents of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, Codex Alimentarius, national and international databases on the toxicity and danger of chemicals has been carried out. As part of the study, a search of literature for the last 8 years was performed using Elsevier, eLIBRARY, PubMed bibliographic platforms. <b>Results</b>. Traditionally, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) is most concerned about the regulation of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and chemicals entering food as a result of technological processes. The management of the danger and risk of exposure to contaminants in food is based on the establishment and updating of hygienic standards, including the maximum permissible levels of residual content, (temporary) permissible daily doses of consumption, permissible levels of migration from containers and packaging, prohibition and (or) restriction of the use of highly hazardous chemicals, their replacement with safer alternatives, changing technological processes. <b>Conclusion</b>. A comparative analysis showed that despite the active actions of Rospotrebnadzor to develop new standards, hygienic regulations and guidelines for the control of contaminants, harmonization with international requirements is needed in a number of areas based on fundamental research in the field of hygiene and nutrition science. The standards for the permissible lead content in food and the maximum permissible levels of residual amounts of a number of pesticides in agricultural crops require updating. In addition, activities under the Rotterdam Convention's prior informed consent procedure indicate the need for timely and relevant decisions on the prohibition or restriction of particularly hazardous chemicals and pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"50-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of nutrition in the prevention of bone metabolism disturbances in high performance sports].","authors":"K I Nikitina, T V Strelnikova, I T Vykhodets, T F Abramova, T M Nikitina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-21-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-21-36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern professional sports activities are characterized by high training and competitive loads, which are a factor affecting bone metabolism and leading to an increase in injuries, including due to osteoporotic disorders. Nutrition can be classified as a modifiable factor that determines the development and maintenance of bone mass and quality. Correction of athlete's nutrition is an important mechanism aimed at preventing disorders of bone metabolism in elite sports in order to reduce the risk of injuries of the musculoskeletal system. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to analyze modern scientific publications devoted to the influence of the diet of adult athletes over 18 years of age on the maintenance of bone metabolism. <b>Material and methods</b>. The review is based on publications from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka, eLIBRARY databases. Preference was given to international recommendations published over the past 10 years in refereed sources. <b>Results</b>. The review presents current data on the role of nutrition in maintaining the quantity and quality of bone mass, given that the process of skeletal formation requires an adequate and constant supply of macro- and micronutrients: protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D, zinc, iron, vitamins A, C, K, E, B vitamins, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. An important place is given to nutrition balanced in macronutrient composition, designed taking into account energy needs that increase with intense physical activity, which is especially important given the negative impact of limited energy intake on bone metabolism, up to the development of osteoporosis. It is recommended to evaluate the athlete's diet to determine whether he or she is consuming sufficient amounts of essential nutrients that have a positive effect on bone metabolism, taking into account systematic physical activity. If necessary, it is recommended to introduce fortified foods and dietary supplements into the athletes' diet to increase its nutritional value. <b>Conclusion</b>. A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals and trace elements, aimed at preventing a de crease in bone mineral density, is necessary for an athlete throughout the entire period of professional activity, in some cases in combination with vitamin D, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"21-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[External factors contributing to the development of constitutional exogenous obesity in children].","authors":"A A Dzhumagaziev, N M Shilina, D A Bezrukova, N Yu Otto, E V Sosinovskaya, A V Filipchuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-37-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-37-49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with excessive deposition of adipose tissue, accompanied by impaired organism metabolic functions and changes in the function of organs and systems. Childhood obesity is of particular concern, which in many cases turns into obesity in adults. The most common is simple (constitutionally exogenous, polygenic, idiopathic) obesity associated with excessive intake of calories in conditions of physical inactivity and hereditary predisposition. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to analyze the literature data on the influence of external factors on the development of constitutionally exogenous obesity in children. <b>Material and methods</b>. 84 literature sources were analyzed, keyword (children, obesity, risk factors) searches were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, eLibrary, and Google Scholar databases. The preference was given to the sources compiled from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine with a high level of reliability and evidence (meta-analyses of cohort studies). <b>Results</b>. External risk factors for obesity development include 3 groups of factors: family and home environment factors (parents' attitude to breastfeeding, responsive, positiveemotion feeding while responding sensitively to the child's signals of hunger and satiety, fostering children's skills and culture of optimal, balanced nutrition, family traditions associated with sweet and salty foods and juices, portion sizes, fast or slow eating style, duration of screen time and sleep, sedentary lifestyle, exposure to secondhand smoke, psychosocial stress, depression, adverse childhood experiences, the use of medications associated with an increase in body weight, unfavorably altered intestinal microbiota), environmental factors (fast food outlets, an unfavorable school environment, lack of conditions for safe physical activity) and systemic and political factors (inequality of individual social groups regarding access to quality health services, education, safe food and water, which can lead to differences in health status, ranging from maternal pregnancy planning and outcomes to children's adolescence, marketing of high-calorie foods high in saturated fat, simple carbohydrates and table salt, and sugar-containing beverages aimed at children). <b>Conclusion</b>. Obesity is a disease characteristic of modern society, the occurrence and development of which can be influenced by all the listed external risk factors. However most of these factors are manageable. Therefore, knowledge and understanding of the role of these external risk factors is necessary to develop adequate methods for obesity prevention and use them in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The experience of the Clinical and diagnostic center «Healthy nutrition» of Samara State Medical University in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases in residents of the Samara region].","authors":"O V Sazonova, M Yu Gavryushin, R V Hamtsova, S R Trubetskaya, D S Tupikova, O V Frolova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-82-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-82-88","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An urgent problem of modern healthcare is overweight and obesity, accompanied by many concomitant diseases. Negative trends in the health of the population and the growth of alimentary pathology puts domestic medicine in the front of the need to create units whose main task will be to provide specialized nutritional care and conduct sanitary and hygienic education among the population. <b>Objective</b>. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the comprehensive programs of the medical center «Healthy Nutrition» of the Samara State Medical University in the prevention of non-communicable diseases in the population of the Samara region. <b>Material and methods</b>. A retrospective analysis of the data of medical records of 2.271 patients of the medical center «Healthy Nutrition» of Samara State Medical University was carried out. Based on the anthropometric examination, the body mass index was calculated, and bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to assess the body composition. The assessment of the actual nutrition was carried out by an automated method using the computer program «Nutri-prof». <b>Results</b>. Among the examined, only 14% of patients had a normal body weight, in 27% of cases overweight was observed, in 56% - obesity of varying degrees at the start of diet therapy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance were found in 27% of cases with overweight, with obesity of the 3rd degree their prevalence increased more than twice in men and almost twice in women. Patients were recommended weight loss programs that include not only diet therapy, but also hardware techniques. Upon completion of the comprehensive body weight correction program, the number of patients of both sexes with normal body weight increased more than 4.5 times - from 14 to 66%. <b>Conclusion</b>. The comprehensive weight loss program provided at the medical center «Healthy Nutrition» has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of overweight, obesity, as well as in the prevention of non-communicable diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Seasonal fluctuations of vitamin D in blood serum in different age groups of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra population].","authors":"V V Krivosheev, I V Kozlovsky, L Yu Nicitina, A V Fedorov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-89-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-89-99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies of the recent decades indicate the prevalence of insufficient blood vitamin D levels in the population of many regions of the Russian Federation, which varies significantly depending on the age of a person and the season. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study the seasonal variability of vitamin D status in different age groups of the population of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. <b>Material and methods</b>. Data on the vitamin D status of the population living in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra in 2020-2022 were obtained based on statistical processing of 31,595 impersonal measurements of calcidiol levels [total 25(OH) D₂ and 25(OH)D₃] in the blood serum of residents of the Autonomous Okrug, carried out in the laboratories of INVITRO-Ural LLC using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. After rejection, the materials were divided into the following age groups: 0-11 months (n=320), 1-2 years (n=398), 3-6 years (n=881), 7-10 years (n=954), 11-14 years (n=1002), 15-17 years (n=861), 18-20 years (n=661), 21-24 years (n=1137), 25-30 years (n=1704), 31-40 years (n=8708), 41-50 years (n=5310), 51-60 years (n=3686), 61-70 years (n=1997), over 70 years (n=570). <b>Results</b>. In the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, the highest serum concentration of 25(OH)D, which did not fall below 30 ng/ml during the year, was observed in infants (under one year of age). As age increased, serum calcidiol levels decreased in each age group (p<0.0001), and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased. The lowest mean serum calcidiol level (up to 12-14 ng/ml) was observed in the spring months in adolescents and young adults aged 11 to 24 years. In higher age groups, vitamin D status increased gradually, but statistically significantly (p<0.0001). In middle-aged and elderly residents (30-70 years), the average calcidiol level did not fall below 22 ng/ml throughout all seasons, and in summer and autumn it was at a level of 26-29 ng/ml, close to sufficient (30 ng/ml). In residents over 70 years of age, vitamin D status was slightly lower than in the 61-70 age group in winter (p≤0.05), and did not differ in summer, but regardless of the season it was significantly higher (p≤0.001) than in adolescents and young adults. <b>Conclusion</b>. The obtained results allow us to recommend vitamin D supplementation in moderate doses to middle-aged and elderly individuals who do not belong to risk groups during the period of detection of the lowest serum 25(OH)D level from December to May. Adolescents and young adults aged 11 to 24 years need periodic screening of 25(OH)D level in blood serum throughout the year, especially in the winter and spring months, and vitamin D intake in doses that ensure maintenance of serum calcidiol at a level of at least 30 ng/ml.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bioimpedance analysis in sports and clinical practice: the influence of alternative measurement conditions on body composition indicators].","authors":"K V Vybornaya, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-6-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-6-20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a number of standard conditions that must be followed during preparation and during the procedure of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the results of body composition estimating to be correct. This is because many biological and non-biological factors influence the accuracy of the results. In the conditions of sports camps, fitness centers and in some groups of patients, it is impossible to carry out measurements in compliance with all standard conditions. Practicing researchers and clinicians should be aware of exactly what changes occur in body composition indicators under alternative measurement conditions. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to identify which indicators change in the body composition protocol when certain standard conditions of bioimpedance measurement are not met and whether measurements taken in violation of one of the standard measurement conditions can be considered correct, i.e. in alternative conditions. <b>Material and methods</b>. 35 literature sources were analyzed, keyword searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier and eLibrary databases. <b>Results</b>. After aerobic and anaerobic exercise, when changing the standard position of the electrode on the lower limb [the measuring (sensor) electrode is moved from the articulation line of the tarsal joint (ventral position) to the Achilles tendon (dorsal position)], when changing the body position from «lying» to «standing», as well as after 1000 ml saline intravenous administration, the indicators of body resistance and the proportion of body fat significantly decrease, and the indicators of total body water, lean, active cellular and skeletal muscle mass significantly increase. Opposite trends in the change in indicators were obtained after drinking water, food intake, donating blood in a volume of 480 ml, when using bioadhesive electrodes with a small contact surface (adjacent area), during a long-term (60-240 min) study on an empty stomach, as well as after consuming anhydrous caffeine in capsules (200 mg, without dissolution in water, 60 min), caffeine as a drink, and black tea with sugar: body resistance and the proportion of body fat increased significantly, while total body water, lean, active cellular and skeletal muscle mass decreased significantly. All the obtained changes in body resistance and body composition indicators observed after violating one of the standard measurement conditions (except for studies assessing the effect of physical activity) were equated to the error of the BIA, as well as to the differences obtained when measuring on different devices. <b>Conclusion</b>. It is considered acceptable to perform BIA with a violation of one of the standard measurement conditions if another measurement is impossible, with the exception of performing BIA after physical exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"6-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Main results of nutrition monitoring of school-age children implemented within the framework of the Federal Project \"Public Health Improvement\" of the National Project \"Demography\"].","authors":"A Yu Popova, I G Shevkun, I I Novikova, S P Romanenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-64-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-64-70","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the foundations of the state national security is the health of the younger generation. The leading role in its formation belongs to the educational process, an indispensable element of which is nutrition. Given the importance of adherence to the principles of healthy nutrition, nutrition monitoring carried out by the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in cooperation with the Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety within the framework of the federal project \"Public Health Improvement\" of the national project \"Demography\" is of particular importance. <b>The objective</b> of the research was to assess the nutritional characteristics of school-age children for the development of scientifically based management decisions in health care. <b>Material and methods</b>. Within the framework of the study, a large-scale interviewing of 3 groups of respondents was conducted in 85 subjects of the Russian Federation: school administrators (more than 16 thousand), catering operators (more than 2400), students in grades 2, 5, and 10, and their parents/legal representatives (more than 650 thousand). <b>Results</b>. Positive changes in the organization of catering have been noted, including an increased range of healthy food and dishes in 66.3% of schools, positive changes in the dietary regime in 25.5% of schools and improved eating conditions in 36.8% of organisations. On the positive side, changes in schoolchildren's eating habits have been revealed: the proportion of children consuming fruit and vegetables daily has increased (from 52.2% in 2021 to 60.6% in 2024, and from 33.2 to 45.1%, respectively, p<0.05); the number of children adding salt to their food and adding more than 2 tablespoons of sugar to drinks has decreased (from 14.1 to 12.7%, and from 21.3 to 15.6%, respectively, p<0.05). <b>Conclusion</b>. Based on the results of the monitoring of schoolchildren's nutrition and taking into account the identified peculiarities of children's diet and health, recommendations were developed for the prevention of nutrition-related health disorders among schoolchildren in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation that participated in the monitoring, and a roadmap for improving children's nutrition was developed, including measures related to children's nutrition in the family and at school.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of phycocyanins from Arthrospira platensis on the efficacy of immunization with an anti-coronavirus vaccine <i>in vivo</i>].","authors":"V A Shipelin, A V Kholina, A V Zamyatina, V K Mazo, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-118-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-118-130","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The creation of food for special dietary use designed to increase the resistance of the human immune system to viral infections is an vital section of modern nutrition science. Phycocyanins (PC) of the Arthrospira platensis food cyanobacterium possess potential immunomodulatory properties. The study of the possibility of using PC as oral immunostimulants and/or immunoadjuvants in vaccination scenarios is of significant interest. &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of this research was to study the ability of PC concentrate and PC complex with egg protein (Module) to influence the state of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in laboratory rodents - BALB/c mice on the developed model of attenuated vaccination with Sputnik-V. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The experiment involved 34 male BALB/c mice with an initial body weight of 20.0±1.0 g at the age of 4-5 weeks. 5 groups were formed: \"Control\", \"PC-200\", \"PC-420\", \"Module-200\" and \"Module-420\". The PC concentrate and the Module were administered orally daily for 49 days at doses of 200 and 420 mg/kg body weight (in terms of PC). The Sputnik-V vaccine for the prevention of human SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection was administered to all animals on days 29 and 50. When studying the immunoadjuvant potential of PC concentrate and Module on days 49, 57, 64, 141 and 171, IgG levels to SARS-CoV-2 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On days 28, 31 and 51, immunostimulating properties were evaluated by cytometry by means of immunophenotyping blood lymphocytes. At the end of the experiment, integral, hematological, and biochemical (blood serum) parameters were evaluated on day 190. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. When evaluating the immunoadjuvant properties of PC concentrate and Module on day 64, a significant increase in IgG titers to 1/115 000 and 1/128 000 was observed in Module-200 and Module-420 groups, respectively. In the Module-200 group, on day 141, the concentration of antibodies was almost 2 fold higher than the control ones. From days 141 to 171, increased antibody titers were observed in all experimental groups compared with the control. When studying the immunostimulating properties of the surveyed objects on the 31st day of the experiment, an increase in the number of cytotoxic T-cell subpopulations by 29 and 42%, respectively, was found in the Module-200 and Module- 420 groups. At the end of the experiment, minor shifts in blood biochemical parameters were revealed, there were no changes in hematological parameters; an 11.7% increase in heart mass was found in the Module-420 group. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;. The experiment demonstrated the presence of immunoadjuvant properties in PC concentrate and Module, especially expressed in the Module-200 group. The Module had immunostimulating effect on cell-mediated immunity. The manifestation of the Module effects, in contrast to the PC concentrate, is apparently due to its better stability in the gastrointestinal tract environment. Further studies of the secretory activ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"118-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}