Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[The combined effects of sublingual immunotherapy and Lactobacillus acidophilusproducing extract on cedar pollinosis symptoms].","authors":"I Hirobumi, Y Sasuga","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-131-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-131-139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), in which standardized cedar pollen extract solution is administered, has been used to treat cedar pollinosis, but SLIT is problematic because it takes a long time to become effective, and some cases are ineffective even after long-term treatment. It has also been reported that lactobacillus acidophilus extract (LEX), a food-derived ingredient, alleviates various allergic symptoms. This study examined the usefulness of LEX as a treatment for cedar pollinosis in comparison with SLIT. We also examined whether the combined use of SLIT and LEX could have an early-onset of therapeutic effect on cedar pollinosis. We also examined the usefulness of LEX as a salvage therapy for patients who failed to respond to SLIT. Subjects and methods. Fifteen patients with cedar pollinosis were divided into three groups. The three groups were: three patients in the standardized cedar pollen extract group (S group), seven patients in the lactobacillus-producing extract group (L group), and five patients in the combination group of standardized cedar pollen extract and lactobacillus-producing extract (SL group). The subjects were treated for three years, corresponding to the three scattering seasons of cedar pollen, and observed according to the evaluation items. The evaluation items were severity score based on examination findings, subjective symptom score (QOL score) based on the Japanese Standard QOL Questionnaire for Allergic Rhinitis ( JRQLQ No. 1) questionnaire, nonspecific IgE level measurement by blood test, and cedar pollen-specific IgE level measurement. <b>Results</b>. After three years of observation, there were no significant differences in severity score and nonspecific IgE levels among the three groups, while QOL score decreased significantly between the first and third years of treatment in the L group. Cedar pollenspecific IgE levels in the S and SL groups showed an increase in the first year and a gradual decrease in the second and third years of treatment compared to the pre-treatment period. In group L, no increase was observed in the first year, and a significant decrease was observed in the second and third years during the cedar pollen dispersal period. <b>Conclusion</b>. The results of severity and quality of life scores indicated that it took three years of treatment for the S and SL groups to show efficacy, while the L group showed improvement in quality of life scores and cedar pollen-specific IgE levels from the first year, suggesting that LEX is useful as a treatment for cedar pollinosis. The efficacy of combination therapy with SLIT and LEX was not clear, but since the effect of LEX was observed from the early stage of treatment, it was thought that the combination therapy with LEX intake from the early stage of treatment may be effective in reducing the incidence of ineffective cases. The combination therapy of SLIT and LEX may also be useful as a salvage therapy. <b>Categories</","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A study on nutrition habits and weight loss practice methods in wrestlers].","authors":"E Canbolat, F P Cakiroglu","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-111-119","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-111-119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Today, the use of dietary supplements and unhealthy weight loss methods is becoming increasingly common, particularly among athletes who compete in weight-class sports like wrestling. <b>The aim</b> of this study was to investigate the eating habits and weight cutting methods of wrestlers. <b>Material and methods</b>. The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 96 male wrestlers between the ages of 18-30 years who have been wrestling for at least 3 years. The participants' dietary habits, fluid consumption, nutritional supplement use, pre- and post-training eating habits and weight cutting methods were collected by faceto- face interview method with a questionnaire form. <b>Results</b>. Most participants (70.8%) consumed three main meals a day, but only 37.5% had one snack a day. The reasons for skipping meals were lack of time (41.8%) and lack of habit (19.0%). Among the wrestlers, 33.3% used nutritional supplements and usually due to the influence of the coach (50.0%) or their own will (46.9%). In addition, 61.5% of the athletes practiced certain weight cutting methods, and the most common methods were excessive activity (43.8%), low-calorie diet (37.5%) and sweating in sauna/ham (36.5%). Although the use of nutritional supplements and weight cutting methods was more common in wrestlers who were in the national team and had a ranking (more successful wrestlers), the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). <b>Conclusion</b>. Since regular and balanced nutrition and the application of healthy methods of weight reduction not only maintain the health and performance of athletes, but also reduce the risk of injury, it is essential to educate athletes in terms of nutrition and health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 3","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of the combined effect of <i>Arthrospira</i> platensis biomass phycyanin concentrate and soy protein on male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet with added cholesterol].","authors":"N A Biryulina, Yu S Sidorova, S N Zorin, N A Petrov, G V Guseva, V K Mazo, A A Kochetkova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-73-84","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-73-84","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the approaches to the prevention and dietary correction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders is the development of new functional foods with the ingredients containing bioactive compounds with hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties. Soybean protein and biomass of Arthrospira platensis cyanobacteria containing phycobiliproteins (C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin) are the sources of such bioactive compounds. &lt;b&gt;The aim&lt;/b&gt; of the research was to evaluate the combined effect of phycocyanin concentrate (in two dosages of 30 and 300 mg/kg body weight) and soy protein (50% of the protein in the diet) on disorders, induced in Wistar male rats by consumption of high-fat diet with 2% cholesterol. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. A 108-day study was performed on 60 growing male Wistar rats. Animals of the control group K1 received a standard semi-synthetic diet. Disturbances in rats of the experimental group G2 were caused by increasing the proportion of the fat component in the diet (up to 29%), adding 2% cholesterol and replacing 20% of cornstarch with sucrose. In experimental groups G3, G4, and G5, 50% of casein in the high-fat diet was replaced with soy protein isolate. Additionally, phycocyanin concentrate was added to the diets of rats in groups G4 and G5 in quantities of 30 and 300 mg/kg of body weight (in terms of phycocyanin), respectively. In all animals, insulin resistance test was conducted, body composition was measured using magnetic resonance relaxometry, blood serum biochemical parameters of protein, lipid, purine metabolism and liver function, and the triglyceride and cholesterol liver levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods using a biochemical analyzer; leptin, ghrelin, C-peptide, insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and hydroperoxides were determined in blood serum using enzyme immunoassay. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. The inclusion of only soy protein isolate into the high-fat diet with cholesterol had a hypoglycemic effect, preventing the development of insulin resistance, and led to a reliable decrease in blood level of lipid peroxides (p=0.011) compared to G2 group. The combined introduction of phycocyanin concentrate at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight and soy protein into the diet significantly reduced blood levels of cholesterol (p=0.022), lipid peroxides (p=0.001) and ALT activity (p=0.032) compared to G2. At the same time, animals of both these groups retained disorders in hormonal status (increased leptin and ghrelin level), antioxidant status (elevated level of MDA and SOD) at the same level as for animals consuming high-fat diet with 2% cholesterol. Phycocyanin concentrate at a dosage of 30 mg/kg body weight together with soy protein in the diet prevented the development of insulin resistance (p=0.049) and reduced serum glucose level (p=0.025); exerted an antioxidant effect, normalizing the level of lipid peroxides (p=0.047), MDA (p=0.015) and SOD (p=0.038), s","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Protective аction of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis and immune response in rats after exhausting physical exercise. Part II. Effect of ginseng root extract on immunity and regulation of energy metabolism].","authors":"E N Trushina, N A Rieger, O K Mustafina, A N Timonin, I V Aksenov, A G Krasutsky, V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-61-72","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-61-72","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The quest for new bioactive compounds with an immune-oriented focus, as well as the study of the mechanisms of immunotropic action of the plant adaptogens used to restore and strengthen the immune system in athletes after intense physical exertion is a priority area of the research in sports medicine. &lt;b&gt;The aim&lt;/b&gt; of the study was to investigate the effect intragastric administration of ginseng root extract (GRE) (ginsenosides) on immunity and regulation of energy metabolism in rats after exhausting physical exercise (EPE). &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The study was conducted on 5 groups of male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of ≈250 g. Animals of the control (the 1st) and experimental groups were placed on a treadmill for 20 min 3 times a week for 2 weeks, after the training was completed, an EPE test was performed (except for the control). 30 min before the training and EPE, rats of groups 3-5 were intragastrically administered GRE in physiological solution at doses of 2.7, 13.5 and 27.0 mg per 1 kg of body weight in terms of ginsenosides, respectively; animals of groups 1 and 2 - physiological solution. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment within 30 min after the cessation of EPE. Expression of CD45R, CD3, CD4, CD8a, CD161 receptors on rat peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by direct immunofluorescence staining of whole blood cells using a panel of monoclonal antibodies on an FC-500 flow cytometer. A basic commercial kit was used to determine the levels of cytokines: interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), hormones leptin and ghrelin. Measurements were performed on a Luminex 200 multiplex analyzer using xMAP (multianalyte profiling) technology and Luminex xPONENT Version 3.1 software. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. EPE in rats caused changes in the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations, manifested in an increase in the relative content of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood with a decrease in the immunoregulatory index (СD4+/CD8+). Increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-α) found in group 2 rats after EPE indicate the presence of inflammatory processes in damaged organs and tissues, including skeletal muscles. Intragastric administration of ginseng root extract to rats had a dose-dependent protective effect, as evidenced by normalization of the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations, a decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increase in the activity of Treg (regulatory T-lymphocytes) and Th2 (T-helpers type 2) with an increase in the production of IL-10 and IL-4, positive modulation of the IL-10/ IL-17A ratio and restoration of the overall cytokine profile to control values. Ginseng root extract also has a positive effect on energy metabolism, in which regulation leptin and ghrelin participate. Administration of the maximum dose of ginseng root extract (27 mg/kg body weight) to rats induced ac","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal diseases - a consequence or a cause of progression?]","authors":"M V Chernogorova, E A Medvedeva, G L Yurenev, G G Maryin, T E Tomenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-5-17","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-5-17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is increasing worldwide, especially in countries with high rates of urbanization. The growth of pathogenic and/or opportunistic bacteria in the small intestine can cause clinical symptoms and digestive and absorption disorders. <b>The aim</b> of the review was to analyze available literature on SIBO in various gastrointestinal pathologies. <b>Material and methods</b>. A literature search was conducted for the last 10 years using the library platforms PubMed, Medscape by keywords: \"small intestinal bacterial overgrowth\", \"SIBO\". A total of 1112 scientific papers were found, of which 124 English-language and 28 Russian-language publications were subject to analysis. Of these, 41 articles (including 5 Russian-language ones) corresponding to the topic of this review were included in the review. <b>Results</b>. The article presents data reflecting the pathophysiology and factors contributing to the development of SIBO. It is shown that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a number of organic and functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are closely associated with SIBO. The features of the pathogenesis of SIBO in gastrointestinal diseases (IBS, IBD, functional dyspepsia, celiac disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, etc.) and its influence on the course of gastrointestinal pathology are described. <b>Conclusion</b>. It is impossible to unambiguously assess the influence that SIBO and various types of gastrointestinal pathology have on each other, since, on the one hand, SIBO can develop as a result of gastrointestinal diseases, and on the other hand, it can serve a predictor of the deterioration of these diseases. Most likely, we are talking about the emergence of a vicious circle, to break which it is necessary to eradicate the microorganisms that cause SIBO. This can be achieved both through drug treatment and by adjusting the diet of patients. An important element of non-specific prevention of SIBO is also timely rational treatment of gastrointestinal diseases that contribute to the development of this syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"5-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Main milestones in the development of nutrition science (on the 95th anniversary of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology and the anniversary of the journal Voprosy Pitaniia)].","authors":"V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-6-26","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-6-26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This year marks the 95th anniversary of the Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (formerly the Institute of Nutrition) and the 93rd anniversary of the founding of the journal \"Voprosy Pitaniia\". The main areas of activity were the study of the chemical composition of the diet, the nutritional epidemiology in various groups of the Russian population (children, pregnant and lactating women, the elderly, athletes), food and noval food safety, as well as the development of therapeutic diets for various diseases and food for special dietary uses for different groups of the population. Throughout all these years, the latest scientific achievements of the Institute's staff and other outstanding specialists in the field of optimal and therapeutic nutrition have been published in the journal \"Voprosy Pitaniia\".</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 4","pages":"6-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hygienic assessment of the levels of β-cryptoxanthine intake from food sources].","authors":"E V Kirpichenkova, A A Korolev, E I Nikitenko, E L Denisova, E A Fanda, G G Onishchenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-52-60","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-52-60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-Cryptoxanthin, along with β-carotene and α-carotene, is a precursor to vitamin A, which plays an important physiological role in the body. β-Cryptoxanthin is found in significant amounts in a limited number of dietary sources. The highest levels of β-cryptoxanthin are found in yellow, orange and red vegetables and fruit (persimmons, papaya, sweet peppers, tangerines, corn, peaches, oranges, etc.). <b>The aim</b> of this study was to perform a hygienic assessment of β-cryptoxanthin intake levels, identify its main food sources in young adults in the summer-autumn period. <b>Material and methods</b>. An online questionnaire was developed to establish β-cryptoxanthin intake levels from dietary sources. The questionnaire contained a list of products containing β-cryptoxanthin and common in the Russian food market. Respondents indicated the portion of food consumed the day before the survey. Data collection was carried during the period from June to October 2023. The study involved 214 respondents (173 women and 41 men) aged 18-35 years (mean age 23.4±5.2 years). <b>Results</b>. The average β-cryptoxanthin intake was 0.58±0.63 (Me=0.21 [0.03; 0.66]) mg/ day. At the same time, only 15.4% of respondents had an intake more than 1.0 mg/day, which was ensured both by a variety of food sources in the diet (from 3 to 6 items) and by inclusion individual products with high content of β-cryptoxanthin. The preferred sources of β-cryptoxanthin for the majority of respondents in groups with high dietary levels (more than 1.5 mg/day) were sweet red peppers, peaches, watermelon, tangerines and orange juice. In groups with low and minimal levels of β-cryptoxanthin (less than 1.0 mg/day), along with the indicated products, its intake was due to the consumption of red pepper and paprika spices, dried cilantro, yellow and green sweet peppers, hot pepper sauce, canned jalapeno peppers, corn, oranges, apricots, nectarines, plums, peach and watermelon juices, canned peaches, dried papaya, potato chips. Despite the diversity of dietary sources, low and minimal levels of β-cryptoxanthin intake were due to both insufficient intake and selection of foods with low β-cryptoxanthin content per serving. <b>Conclusion</b>. In 15.4% of respondents, the daily intake of β-cryptoxanthin was more than 1.0 mg/day, in 65.4% of respondents it was less than 1.0 mg/day, and in 19.2% of participants there were no sources of β-cryptoxanthin in the diet. More often than others, sweet red pepper, orange juice, and paprika and red pepper spices were present in the diet of respondents, regardless of the level of β-cryptoxanthin intake, but their contribution to the intake of β-cryptoxanthin was determined by the volume of a single serving, and therefore spices cannot be considered priority sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"52-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Application of nonparametric methods of planning multifactorial analysis in the study of the dose-dependent effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on fatty acids in erythrocyte in patients with atopic dermatitis].","authors":"N A Tarmaeva, V A Revyakina, V V Bessonov, M A Makarenko, A N Timonin","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-83-90","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-83-90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic skin diseases, which is a serious medical and social problem and requires an integrated approach to treatment and prevention due to its high prevalence and tendency to progressive course in most patients. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to analyze the dose-dependent effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in AD patients using nonparametric multifactorial analysis. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study included 65 patients (aged 18 to 59 years) with AD of varying severity (28 moderate and 37 severe). For 30 days, patients received ω-3 PUFAs in addition to the main diet: 19 patients - with 3.6 g of fish oil (200 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 240 mg of docosahexaenoic acid), 46 patients - with 0.72 g of fish oil. Erythrocyte fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography with flame-ionisation detection (GC-FID). There were used nonparametric methods of multifactor planning. The main methods of this study were: the Kruskal-Wallace criterion (H-criterion), as well as the Fisher z-transformation of dependent variables. <b>Results</b>. Significant differences in the content of some fatty acids in erythrocytes were revealed between the groups. In the group with the 2:1 ratio, a statistically significant decrease in the content of saturated (6:0, 8:0, 10:0, 20:0, 22:0, 24:0), monounsaturated fatty acids (15:1 10-cis, 16:1 9-cis, 17:0, 17:1, 18:1 trans, 22:1 13-cis), ω-3 PUFA (18:3 ω-3 all cis 9,12,15) and elaidic acid (18:2 9-cis, 12-trans) was noted compared to the 10:1 group. In the 2:1 group, there was an increase in the content of 20:1 11-cis and 22:6 ω-3 all cis 4,7,10,13,16,19. Three-way analysis of the data showed significant changes in the fatty acid profile depending on the severity of AD, mainly in patients with a severe course, characterized by both a decrease (15:1 10-cis, 16:1 9-cis, 17:1, 18:2 9-cis, 12 trans, 18:3 ω-3, 22:6 ω-3) and an increase (8:0, 10:0, 17:0, 22:1 13-cis) of certain fatty acids. In women with AD, a decrease in the level of short-chain saturated fatty acids (6:0, 8:0, 10:0) was found. <b>Conclusion</b>. The obtained results indicate that PUFA intake positively affects the lipid profile of red blood cells in patients with AD. The identified changes may be associated with a potential impact on the course of the disease, but further studies, including an assessment of the AD clinical manifestations and long-term observations, are needed to confirm this hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 3","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Protective action of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis and immune response in rats after exhausting physical exercise. Part I. Effect of ginseng root extract on myofibril apoptosis in rats' gastrocnemius muscle].","authors":"E N Trushina, O K Mustafina, I V Aksenov, A G Krasutsky, V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-110-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-110-117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intense psychophysical loads in athletes are the pathogenetic basis for the development of immune dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress and activation of the process of apoptosis of cells in various organs and tissues, including myofibrils of skeletal muscles. Adaptogens of plant origin, including bioactive compounds (BAC) of ginseng, have long been used by professional athletes to enhance the body's resistance to stress and improve physical performance. All mechanisms of the adaptogenic effect of ginseng BAS have not been established yet. Of particular relevance is the issue of the effect of ginseng BAC on the damaged structure of skeletal muscle myofibrils and the activity of their regeneration after intense physical exertion in athletes. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to investigate the effect of intragastric administration of the ginseng root extract (ginsenosides) on the apoptosis of myofibrils in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats after exhausting physical exercise (EPE). <b>Material and methods</b>. The study was conducted on 5 groups of male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of ≈250 g. The rats received a complete semi-synthetic diet and water ad libitum. After the preparatory stage (1 week of quarantine and 1 week of acclimation to the treadmill), animals of the control (the 1st) and experimental (the 2, 3, 4 and 5th) groups were placed on a treadmill for 2 weeks (3 times a week) according to the training program (running duration - 20 min, speed 25 cm/s, treadmill inclination angle 10o), after the completion of which (except for the control group) a test for EPE was carried out. Thirty minutes before the start of training and EPE, rats of experimental groups 3-5 were intragastrically administered ginseng root extract (GRE) in saline in doses: 2.7 (group 3), 13.5 (group 4), and 27.0 (group 5) mg per kg body weight in terms of ginsenosides; animals of groups 1 and 2 were given saline. Within 30 minutes after EPE cessation, rats were withdrawn from the experiment by decapitation, followed by collection of a sample of the gastrocnemius muscle. The intensity of apoptosis of gastrocnemius muscle myofibrils was studied on the day of slaughter by the flow cytometry method. Myofibrils were stained with annexin V conjugated with fluorochrome and 7-aminoactinomycin vital dye with subsequent detection on an FC-500 flow cytometer. <b>Results</b>. EPE in rats of the 2nd group lead to a decrease in the relative content of intact (live) myofibrils of the gastrocnemius muscle (80.51±1.41 vs 88.39±1.04% in the control, p<0.05) and an increase in the proportion of myofibrils in apoptosis (20.06±1.62 vs 11.16±1.14% in the control, p<0.05). Intragastric administration of GRE provided positive dynamics (p<0.05) of an increase in the relative content of intact myofibrils in rats of the 4th and 5th groups (85.75±1.22 and 84.60±1.11% respectively) compared with the indicator in rats of the 2nd group that didn't receive GRE. The total n","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current issues of regulation of contaminants in food].","authors":"Kh Kh Khamidulina, E V Tarasova, A S Proskurina, A K Nazarenko, E V Dorofeeva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-50-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-50-63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Russian Federation, ensuring food security is one of the main tasks of state policy, which is reflected in the national Food Security Doctrine, which declares the need not only to control products for compliance with the mandatory requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union, but also to harmonize food quality and safety standards with international ones. <b>The purpose</b> of the work was to identify priorities for the development or revision of characteristics and parameters of food safety and quality in the Russian Federation, taking into account global trends. <b>Material and methods</b>. The comparative analysis of the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union, documents of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, Codex Alimentarius, national and international databases on the toxicity and danger of chemicals has been carried out. As part of the study, a search of literature for the last 8 years was performed using Elsevier, eLIBRARY, PubMed bibliographic platforms. <b>Results</b>. Traditionally, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) is most concerned about the regulation of heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and chemicals entering food as a result of technological processes. The management of the danger and risk of exposure to contaminants in food is based on the establishment and updating of hygienic standards, including the maximum permissible levels of residual content, (temporary) permissible daily doses of consumption, permissible levels of migration from containers and packaging, prohibition and (or) restriction of the use of highly hazardous chemicals, their replacement with safer alternatives, changing technological processes. <b>Conclusion</b>. A comparative analysis showed that despite the active actions of Rospotrebnadzor to develop new standards, hygienic regulations and guidelines for the control of contaminants, harmonization with international requirements is needed in a number of areas based on fundamental research in the field of hygiene and nutrition science. The standards for the permissible lead content in food and the maximum permissible levels of residual amounts of a number of pesticides in agricultural crops require updating. In addition, activities under the Rotterdam Convention's prior informed consent procedure indicate the need for timely and relevant decisions on the prohibition or restriction of particularly hazardous chemicals and pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"50-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}