Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[Assessment of the frequency of a decrease in bone mineral density and its relationship with the diet of young tennis players].","authors":"Yu A Mezentseva, Z M Shurova, M Yu Balandin, T N Solntseva, O A Vrzhesinskaya, M S Andronova, D M Kompaintseva, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-2-60-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-2-60-69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optimizing bone health is a key aspect of injury prevention both in the general population and in youth sports. Furthermore, the specifics of physical activity, along with nutrition, are potentially modifiable factors influencing the skeletal system. Assessing the relationship and further optimizing dietary intake and bone health is an important component of a comprehensive system of medical and biological monitoring of young athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and its relationship with dietary intake in young tennis players.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study involved 60 tennis players aged 7 to 17 years (33 female, 27 male). Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall for 3 survey days (2 training days and 1 day off) and food-frequency methods (for 1 month preceding the survey). BMD of the forearm and lower leg was assessed using ultrasound densitometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of reduced BMD (Z-score <-2.0 SD) in primary school-aged children was 37.5% for the radius and 20.8% for the tibia. Among children aged 11-14 years, low BMD of the radius was observed in 23.5% of those examined, and of the tibia in 11.8%, while in the older age group, only one of the 8 athletes had low BMD of both areas examined. One of the positive factors influencing bone tissue could be the effect of tennis-specific impact loading, which becomes apparent with increasing skill. Dietary imbalance consist of carbohydrate deficiency, which is most pronounced when calculated per kg of body weight in young men aged 15-17 years, girls aged 11-14 and 15-17 years, among whom not a single athlete had carbohydrate consumption reaching the lower limit of the recommended intake range. A surplus of dietary fat was observed regardless of age and gender, with a maximum intake of 3.8 g/kg body weight per day. A specific energy deficit was observed in girls aged 11-14 and 15-17. A positive correlation was noted between daily calories from protein and Z-score in the radius area of boys aged 7-10 years. A negative correlation was found in the group of senior school-age boys between fat intake in absolute and specific units and the BMD of the radius.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the study of the frequency of low BMD and its correlation with dietary intake, individual recommendations for adjusting the diet of young tennis players have been developed. X-ray osteodensitometry is recommended for athletes at risk. A comprehensive analysis of nutrition and physical development indicators allows for the timely identification of risks and the development of recommendations for optimizing the level of physical activity and diet of young tennis players to improve bone health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 2","pages":"60-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Biomarkers of dysfunctional changes in high-density lipoproteins in the assessment of lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia modeling <i>in vivo</i>].","authors":"I V Vorozhko, Yu S Sidorova, V K Mazo, N A Petrov, N A Biryulina, T N Korotkova, A A Kochetkova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-27-37","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-27-37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-density lipoprotein (HDL) are capable of losing their physiological functions under pathophysiological conditions and transforming into particles with pro-inflammatory activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of dysfunctional changes in HDL as biomarkers of metabolic disorders in hyperlipidemia modeling in vivo.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The experiment was conducted using 70 male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 234±3 g for 60 days. Disturbances in lipid metabolism in experimental rats were induced by a high-fat diet (50% fat by calorie content) and the addition of 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% cholesterol. A complete blood count and a biochemistry blood serum test were performed. To assess markers of dysfunctional changes in HDL, a fraction of these particles was obtained by sequential ultracentrifugation in KBr solutions of varying density. The relative content of protein, triglycerides, cholesterol was determined in it using the biuret, glycerokinase, and cholesterol oxidase methods, respectively; choline-containing phospholipids were assessed using the phospholipase-choline oxidase colorimetric method on an automatic biochemical analyzer; sphingosine-1-phosphate was determined using the competitive ELISA method; and MDA was evaluated by fluorometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hematological parameters indicated the development of anemic syndrome, iron deficiency anemia in particular. In animals of the experimental groups treated with cholesterol, the severity of anemia increased in dose-dependent manner. A decrease in the protein/cholesterol ratio in HDL particles was found in rats treated with high-fat diet with cholesterol, characterizing the acquisition of a dysfunctional phenotype by HDL particles at the background of diet-induced hyperlipidemia (increase in total cholesterol blood serum level). Besides, a significant decrease in triglycerides in HDL particles was observed in the group of rats fed high-fat diet with the highest (2%) quota of cholesterol. A depletion of HDL particles in sphingosine-1-phosphate is shown for this group too, what is also characteristic of dysfunctional HDL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed biomarker complex of dysfunctional changes in HDL reflected alterations in lipid metabolism parameters when modeling hyperlipidemia in vivo. At the same time, differences were found in individual indicators of the dysfunctional HDL phenotype in animal (rat) and human models. A decrease in the relative level of triglycerides in HDL particles was found in our experiment, whereas, on the contrary, hyperlipidemia in humans is characterized by HDL enriched in triglycerides. Extrapolation of the obtained experimental data to humans should be carried out taking into account the characteristics of animal species and model used.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of blueberry and blackcurrant anthocyanins on metabolic disorders in rats with alimentary obesity].","authors":"A G Krasutsky, I V Aksenov, A S Balakina, N V Trusov, G V Guseva, V A Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-28-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-28-35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is one of the most current problems of modern public health care, due to its significant contribution to the development of metabolic disorders leading to the manifestation of associated pathologies, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus. The main reason for the observed increase in the obesity prevalence among the population of developed countries in recent decades is considered to be changes in lifestyle, including excessive calorie intake along with increased content of saturated fats and simple carbohydrates in the diet. Bioactive compounds of plant origin are presently viewed as promising regulators of metabolic processes. Particular attention of researchers is drawn to anthocyanins - polyphenolic compounds contained in significant amounts in blueberries and blackcurrants. The aim of the research was to study the effects of blueberry and blackcurrant anthocyanins on metabolic disorders in rats with alimentary obesity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A prospective study was conducted on male Wistar rats (with an initial body weight of 72.0±0.8 g) fed for 13 weeks a semi-synthetic balanced diet (group 1, n=8); a high-calorie choline-deficient diet (HCCDD) (group 2, n=8); and a high-calorie choline-deficient diet supplemented with bilberry and blackcurrant extract at an average daily dose of 11 mg of anthocyanins per 1 kg of body weight (group 3, n=8). Morphometric parameters, glucose tolerance, blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, gene expression of enzymes and transcription factors of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consumption of HCCDD by the animals (group 2) led to the development of alimentary obesity and fatty hepatosis, increased blood alanine aminotransferase activity, liver paraoxonase-1 activity and glutathione peroxidase gene expression, decrease in glucose tolerance and blood level of free fatty acids, total cholesterol and uric acid, and blood total antioxidant activity, suppression of gene expression of de novo lipogenesis and glycolysis enzymes, membrane glucose transfer proteins in the liver relative to the rats of group 1. Administration of anthocyanins in the 3rd group mitigated negative metabolic effects of HCCDD, was accompanied by normalization of blood level of free fatty acids and total protein, glutathione peroxidase gene expression in the liver.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inclusion of bilberry and blackcurrant anthocyanins in the HCCDD normalises some indicators of antioxidant status, lipid and protein metabolism without significant effect on body weight and composition, as well as glucose tolerance and severity of fatty hepatosis in rats. The obtained data may be in demand for the development of foods for special dietary uses intended as part of the complex prevention and therapy of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 3","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of high-fat diet on the reactivity of internal carotid artery from the Wistar rats].","authors":"V N Yartsev, G T Ivanova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-18-26","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-18-26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the main causes of obesity, which leads, in particular, to cardiovascular problems, is the consumption of food with a high fat content, however, the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the contractile properties of blood vessels and the mechanisms of this effect have not been sufficiently studied, and information on this issue obtained on the internal carotid arteries (ICA), through which blood predominantly flows to the brain, is lacking. The aim of the research was to study the effect of HFD on the dilator and constrictor properties of the ICA in Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted on 22 male Wistar rats, which at the age of 6 weeks were randomly divided into 2 groups: control (n=10) receiving standard diet, and group (n=12) kept on HFD (50% of fats by energy). After 8 weeks of feeding, the animals were euthanized with ether, after which the was excised from each rat. The reactivity of the ICA segments was assessed in the isometric mode. In isolated segments of vessels pre-contracted with phenylephrine, dilation was induced using acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside, before and after addition of NO synthase (L-NAME), cyclooxygenase (diclofenac) and K+ channel blocker (tetraethylammonium) inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was shown that the contractile response to phenylephrine of the ICA segment of the HFD rats was slightly greater than that of the control animals, both in the absence of inhibitors and a blocker in the bath (1.2±0.3 and 0.8±0.2 mN, respectively) and in their presence, while these differences were not statistically significant. The response of arteries (pre-contracted with phenylephrine) to acetylcholine was biphasic, and the dilator phase of this ICA response of the HFD rats in the absence of a blocker and inhibitors was almost 3-fold less compared to the control, amounting to -8.0±1.5 vs -21.6±7.1% (p<0.05). L-NAME caused a significant decrease in the dilator response of the ICA to acetylcholine (up to -8.4±2.7%, p<0.05) only in the control animals. The constrictor phase of the ICA response to acetylcholine in the absence of the blocker and inhibitors was significantly less than the dilator phase, amounting to 9.1±3.2% in the control animals and 2.6±1.0% in the HFD rats (р<0.05). In the HFD rats, the addition of diclofenac resulted in a significant increase in the contractile response to acetylcholine from 2.5±0.9 to 5.6±1.7% (р<0.05). The magnitude of ICA dilator reaction in the HFD rats induced by sodium nitroprusside in the absence of the blocker and inhibitors was slightly lower than in the control animals, amounting to 139±24 and 174±37%, respectively (р>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consumption of HFD leads to a significant decrease in endotheliumdependent dilation of the ICA due to a decrease in NO synthesis by the endothelium, as well as to a disruption in the synthesis of prostaglandins.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 1","pages":"18-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Does total cardiovascular risk level affect the habit of daily unprocessed red meat intake in the general population?]","authors":"V S Kaveshnikov, I A Trubacheva, M A Kuzmichkina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-82-90","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-82-90","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Irrational consumption of red meat (RM) can have a significant impact on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The extent to which the gradient of cardiovascular risk (CVR) affects the formation of healthy eating habits among the population is of scientific and practical interest. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between the total level of CVR and daily consumption of unprocessed red meat (URM) in the general informal population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;As part of the multicenter ESSE-RF study, a representative sample of the urban population of the Siberian Federal District aged 25-64 years (n=1600, 59% women) was examined. Daily consumption of URM (150 g beef, pork, lamb, etc.) and total CVR were determined using a standard questionnaire and SCORE scale, taking into account the presence of a priori risk indicators, respectively. Methods of descriptive statistics and logistic regression adjusted for socio-demographic, lifestyle and medical factors were used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;52.1% of men and 41.9% of women consumed URM daily. By CVR category this indicator did not vary in men (p=0.883) and decreased in women (p&lt;0.001) from 51.1% with low CVR to 31.6% with very high CVR. With a SCORE of 5-9% and ≥10%, 48.0 and 50.0% of men and 38.1 and 20.0% of women consumed URM daily; with a priori high or very high CVR, 55.6 and 54.6% of men and 34.8 and 31.9% of women, respectively. Multivariable analysis did not reveal independent associations of the indicator surveyed with SCORE-related risk categories in either men or women. The odds for daily URM intake in women decreased significantly only with a priori very high CVR compared with low risk [OR=0.44; CI (0.22-0.87), p=0.018], as well as in the presence of carotid plaques (OR=0.54; CI (0.37-0.77), p=0.001]. Gender differences were observed in the general [ORwomen=0.68; CI (0.55-0.84), p&lt;0.001], apparently healthy population [OR=0.77; CI (0.61-0.97), p=0.028], the groups of moderate [OR=0.61; CI (0.40-0.94), p=0.025] and a priori very high CVR [OR=0.40; CI (0.24-0.69), p=0.001], in the presence of carotid plaques [OR=0.39; CI (0.26-0.58), р&lt;0.001], coronary heart disease [OR=0.35; CI (0.18-0.69), p=0.002], CVD (OR=0.38; CI (0.21-0.73), р=0.003), systolic blood pressure ≥180 mm Hg [OR=0.26; CI (0.07-1.03), p=0.055).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The data obtained indicate that the SCORE-based CVR level by itself is not a sufficient incentive for people to change the eating habit surveyed. The odds for daily URM consumption decreased only in women of a priori very high risk. At the same time, the study showed that subclinical parameters, in particular carotid plaques, may be equally effective in motivating, particularly for women, to change this eating habit. The gender differences identified may reflect differences between the sexes in terms of communication and/or perception of these factors as an incentive to change the diet. The ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 1","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The influence of nutritional deficiency on the course and outcomes of tuberculosis].","authors":"P D Merzlikina, R Yu Abdullayev, O G Komissarova, E A Burlyaeva, E A Ergeshov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-6-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-6-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment in the Russian Federation remains low compared to WHO targets. Along with other factors, nutritional deficiencies play a significant role in adverse tuberculosis outcomes. The study objective was to analyze and summarize data characterizing the role of nutritional deficiencies in the development, course, and outcome of tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Sixty one literature sources were analyzed, using PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and eLIBRARY databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine by keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, nutritional status, malnutrition, protein-energy malnutrition; search depth 10 years (2015-2025).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of the data examining the impact of malnutrition on the development, course, and outcomes of tuberculosis has shown that nutritional deficiency leads to a weakening of the innate and adaptive immune response and creates a biological environment conducive to the development of tuberculosis. Malnutrition is a risk factor for the transition from latent to active tuberculosis infection. Furthermore, malnutrition is associated with a higher incidence of severe forms of tuberculosis, including bacterial excretion and destructive changes in the lungs. Due to altered absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs, the risk of adverse reactions and decreased treatment effectiveness increases. Nutritional deficiency also elevates the risk of adverse clinical outcomes, such as death and relapse. Nutritional support aimed at improving nutritional status can enhance the effectiveness of treatment for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The lack of comprehensive study data of malnutrition markers, including indicators of energy metabolism and bioimpedance analysis, in patients suffering from tuberculosis dictates the need to study various aspects of the body's protein and energy supply and develop individual programs to correct existing disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 2","pages":"6-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Index of healthy diet for assessing regional dietary patterns of the population of the Russian Federation].","authors":"A N Martinchik, A K Baturin, K V Kudryavtseva, E A Martinchik, D B Nikityuk, V A Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-2-26-37","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-2-26-37","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dietary intake assessment involves management of dozen parameters related to energy and nutrient intake. The number of parameters increase significantly when it is necessary to assess dietary intake of foods, food groups and its combinations, cooking methods of complex recipe dishes, other dietary factors. Tools known as Diet Quality Indices (DQI) and a specific subgroup - Indices of healthy diet (IHD) have been proposed for the aggregated assessment of dietary factors diversities. These indices provide a quantitative measure of dietary intake in accordance with established principles and guidelines for healthy eating (the R-IHD developed by us in the original publications was incorrectly translated into English as HEI). The aim of this study was to validate the application of the integrated Russian Index of healthy diet (R-IHD) in the assessment of regional features of diet of the population in the Russian Federation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Microdata on the actual consumption of nutrients and major food groups by the adult population have been used. These data were obtained from a cross-sectional dietary survey of 45.000 households conducted by Rosstat in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2023 using the 24-hour recall method. The data processing and statistical analysis were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.20.0 (USA), which utilized a specially developed algorithm for digital transformations of a set of dietary intake microdata for multi-level analysis of nutrient and food group consumption and to update the design of the R-IHD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A quintile distribution of individual R-IHD scores among respondents in Federal Districts (FDs) of the Russian Federation showed that the highest percentage of R-IHD scores are valid for quintiles 4-5 in the Ural, Southern, and North Caucasus FDs. The same time, in the Northwestern, Siberian, and Far Eastern FDs, the highest shares of R-IHD are accumulated in the lowest 1-2 quintiles of R-IHD scores. Statistical analysis of dietary patterns across R-IHD quintiles of the entire adult sample showed that daily energy intake is significantly lower in the 5th quintile compared to the 1st one. Distribution of the individual food and nutrient intake by quintile have different attributes. The intake of cereals, dairy products, fish and seafood, vegetables, and fruits by adults is significantly higher in the 5th R-IHD quintile when calculated per 1000 kcal, while in absolute values the intake (g/day) of cereals, fish and seafood doesn't change. At the same time, consumption of meat and poultry, sausages, total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, added sugar and salt is significantly lower in the 5th quintile of the R-IHD regardless the calculation method. The 1st and 10th distribution deciles of the average regional R-IHD values were selected to analyze the regional patterns in the relationship between diet and R-IHD. Each deciles contains ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 2","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Fish in the diet of the Russian Population: from actual to optimal consumption].","authors":"E A Smirnova, E E Keshabyants, V A Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-38-50","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-38-50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish and fishery products are considered an important component of a healthy diet due to their nutritional value and association with favorable health outcomes. Despite the existence of rational consumption norms, in many countries, including the Russian Federation, the actual consumption of fish remains insufficient. A comprehensive assessment of the levels and patterns of fish consumption is necessary to justify evidence-based, practical recommendations for optimizing the population's diet. The aim of the study was to assess the levels and patterns of fish and fishery product consumption by the population of the Russian Federation, to identify socio-demographic and territorial consumption patterns, and to substantiate approaches for developing evidence-based, practical recommendations for including fish in the diet.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The analysis was based on data from sample surveys of household budjets from 1985-2024, sample survey of the population's diets (24-hour dietary recall method, 2023), as well as sample survey of the population's health surveys from 2023-2024. Descriptive statistics methods and non-parametric criteria were used to assess differences between socio-demographic groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The per capita consumption of fish and fishery products in the Russian Federation in 2023-2024 was about 23 kg/year and, for most population groups, did not reach the rational norm of 28 kg per year. Pronounced differences were identified depending on income level, household composition, and region of residence. Analysis of individual diets showed low average daily fish consumption values, with single-serving amounts close to standard portions, indicating irregular inclusion of fish in the diet. More than half of the adult population consumes fish no more than once a week.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Insufficient fish consumption in the Russian Federation is primarily due to the low frequency of its inclusion in the diet, rather than the size of single portions. The rational consumption norm of 28 kg/year is realistic and achievable and corresponds to the regular inclusion of fish in the diet no less than twice a week in standard portions. The obtained results justify the feasibility of using healthy eating recommendations with an emphasis on increasing the frequency of fish consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 1","pages":"38-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of UCP1 rs1800592, UCP2 rs660339, and UCP3 rs1800849 polymorphisms with body mass index and lipid metabolism parameters in the indigenous population of the North of Western Siberia].","authors":"A I Kozlov, G G Vershubskaya, A A Vasileva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-77-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-77-85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population-based data on the association between genes regulating non-shivering thermogenesis (UCP) and adipose tissue metabolism are fragmentary and yield inconsistent results. The indigenous populations of high-latitude regions have been the least studied. This study aimed to assess the association of UCP1 (rs1800592), UCP2 (rs660339), and UCP3 (rs1800849) genotypes with body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile markers in the indigenous population of northern Western Siberia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study groups consisted of 12 males aged 27-50 and 39 females 18-64 years old belonging to the Ob Ugrians (ethnic Khanty and Mansi). Blood samples and data on BMI, blood plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were collected. Genotyping of genomic DNA isolated from the subjects' blood samples was performed at the polymorphic UCP1 (A/G, rs1800592), UCP2 (C/T, rs660339), and UCP3 (C/T, rs1800849) loci. Data analysis was performed using the Statistica 12.0 software package (StatSoft, USA). For the maximum accuracy of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium compliance test in a small sample, we used the HWE exact test (Fisher's method) implemented in the Cog-Genomics/PLINK statistical package. An intergroup comparison of indicators in carriers of different genotypes was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test. When comparing biochemical parameters in groups with different genotypes, the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In carriers of the AA*UCP1 genotype, BMI values (27.2±5.6 kg/m2; n=30) were higher than in individuals with GG+AG genotypes (23.7±3.94 kg/m2; n=21, p=0.015). No associations were found between BMI and UCP2 and UCP3 polymorphisms. Female subjects with the homozygous TT*UCP2 genotype had increased plasma TG levels (p=0.033) and higher TG/HDL ratios compared with C*UCP2 allele carriers. Homozygotes for the C*UCP3 allele differed from carriers of the T* allele (CT and TT genotypes) in having higher LDL-C levels (p=0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study confirmed the association of UCP1 gene variants with BMI and of UCP2 and UCP3 genes with lipid profile parameters in the ethnic Khanty and Mansi studied group. The association of UCP1 with BMI in the subjects of this study does not agree with the conclusions found in the scientific literature about an increased risk of obesity among G* allele carriers in Caucasian samples. The associations between UCP2-3 and lipid metabolism parameters in Ob Ugrians are consistent with those reported in Mongoloid populations. The specificity of the phenotypic manifestations of UCP polymorphism in different racial groups requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 3","pages":"77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[<i>In vitro</i> evaluation of the bioactive potential of new powdered food ingredients - products of waste-free processing of <i>Allium sativum</i> L.]","authors":"E D Rozhnov, M N Shkolnikova, O V Chugunova, E E Banshchikova, I A Lupanova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-100-111","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-100-111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Garlic husk and pomace remain understudied, limiting their rational use and the development of new food ingredients. Producing powdered ingredients from fermented pomace and husk could address waste disposal issues and create new products with targeted functional properties. The objective of the research was a comparative in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of powdered food ingredients from fermented garlic bulbs, pomace, and husk (Allium sativum L.).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study used powders from «Dobrynya» garlic and its processing by-products. Three types of samples were obtained: cloves, meal (pomace), and husks. Part of the samples underwent thermal fermentation (70 °C, 30 days). All materials were dried and ground to a particle size of <0.25 mm. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method; S-allylcysteine and melanoidins were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability to scavenge the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and the 2.2'-azinobis[ 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] (ABTS⁺) radical cation. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using specific enzyme test systems based on glutathione reductase, catalase, and NO-synthase. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Data were processed using methods of variation statistics with the application of Tukey's test (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was established that non-microbial fermentation (70 °C, 30 days) significantly enhances the antioxidant potential of garlic processing products. The content of phenolic compounds, S-allylcysteine, and melanoidins in fermented bulbs and meal increased by 3-25 times, which correlated with a rise in ABTS and DPPH activity. Fermented bulbs and meal exhibited pronounced anti-inflammatory activity (iNOS inhibition by 32-35%) and moderate antimicrobial action (catalase inhibition up to 34.5%). The strongest inhibition of catalase was shown by fresh garlic powder (56.6%). The high biological activity of fermented garlic meal was confirmed - its indicators (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity) were comparable to those of fermented bulbs. The obtained data confirm the feasibility of reclassifying garlic processing waste (meal) into the category of functional food ingredients with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and preservative properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In vitro experiments demonstrated antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of black garlic and fermented pomace powders, supporting their potential as functional ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 1","pages":"100-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}