Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[Seasonal fluctuations of vitamin D in blood serum in different age groups of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra population].","authors":"V V Krivosheev, I V Kozlovsky, L Yu Nicitina, A V Fedorov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-89-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-89-99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies of the recent decades indicate the prevalence of insufficient blood vitamin D levels in the population of many regions of the Russian Federation, which varies significantly depending on the age of a person and the season. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study the seasonal variability of vitamin D status in different age groups of the population of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. <b>Material and methods</b>. Data on the vitamin D status of the population living in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra in 2020-2022 were obtained based on statistical processing of 31,595 impersonal measurements of calcidiol levels [total 25(OH) D₂ and 25(OH)D₃] in the blood serum of residents of the Autonomous Okrug, carried out in the laboratories of INVITRO-Ural LLC using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. After rejection, the materials were divided into the following age groups: 0-11 months (n=320), 1-2 years (n=398), 3-6 years (n=881), 7-10 years (n=954), 11-14 years (n=1002), 15-17 years (n=861), 18-20 years (n=661), 21-24 years (n=1137), 25-30 years (n=1704), 31-40 years (n=8708), 41-50 years (n=5310), 51-60 years (n=3686), 61-70 years (n=1997), over 70 years (n=570). <b>Results</b>. In the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, the highest serum concentration of 25(OH)D, which did not fall below 30 ng/ml during the year, was observed in infants (under one year of age). As age increased, serum calcidiol levels decreased in each age group (p<0.0001), and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased. The lowest mean serum calcidiol level (up to 12-14 ng/ml) was observed in the spring months in adolescents and young adults aged 11 to 24 years. In higher age groups, vitamin D status increased gradually, but statistically significantly (p<0.0001). In middle-aged and elderly residents (30-70 years), the average calcidiol level did not fall below 22 ng/ml throughout all seasons, and in summer and autumn it was at a level of 26-29 ng/ml, close to sufficient (30 ng/ml). In residents over 70 years of age, vitamin D status was slightly lower than in the 61-70 age group in winter (p≤0.05), and did not differ in summer, but regardless of the season it was significantly higher (p≤0.001) than in adolescents and young adults. <b>Conclusion</b>. The obtained results allow us to recommend vitamin D supplementation in moderate doses to middle-aged and elderly individuals who do not belong to risk groups during the period of detection of the lowest serum 25(OH)D level from December to May. Adolescents and young adults aged 11 to 24 years need periodic screening of 25(OH)D level in blood serum throughout the year, especially in the winter and spring months, and vitamin D intake in doses that ensure maintenance of serum calcidiol at a level of at least 30 ng/ml.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Somatotyping according to the Heath-Carter scheme - the relationship between body type and gender, age and level of physical activity].","authors":"K V Vybornaya, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-18-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-18-37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to navigate the research results when determining the somatotype profile, it is necessary to know certain patterns that the somatotype undergoes during growth and development, as well as the features of body type formation depending on gender, age, race and the level of physical activity. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to identify the main patterns of somatotype formation and dynamics during ontogenesis depending on gender, age, race, the level and nature of physical activity. <b>Material and methods</b>. 40 literature sources were analyzed, searches by keywords \"Heath-Carter scheme\", \"Sheldon scheme\", \"somatotype\", \"sports somatotyping\", \"children's somatotyping\" were performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Elsevier, eLibrary databases. <b>Results</b>. There are no differences in the distribution of somatotypes between boys and girls aged 1-4 years. After 5 years, the somatotype profile of boys shifts towards a higher mesomorph score, and the somatotype profile of girls - towards higher endomorph and ectomorph scores, which reflects a typical adolescent restructuring, expressed in masculinity of boys and endomorph changes of girls. This divergence of somatotypes continues until the age of 18. Further, in the subgroups of adult men and women, the somatotype undergoes the same changes regardless of gender, expressed by an increase in the score values of the endomorph and mesomorph components up to the age of 60. The differences in the somatotype profile depending on ethnicity and place of residence (rural or urban residents) are associated with different physical activity, eating habits, diet and genetic hereditary factors. The score values of the somatotype components in athletes differ from those in persons with sedentary lifestyle, and athletes of various sports specializations differ from each other in somatotype profile. <b>Conclusion</b>. Along with the assessment of morphological parameters and body composition, somatotyping is one of the methods for a comprehensive assessment of the level of physical development, expanding the understanding of the ratio of muscle and fat components of body mass. The existing data on the prevalence of various somatotypes in the a conditionally healthy population are indicative for a comparative assessment of newly examined individuals, since on the one hand the somatotyping results depend to a certain extent on the method of obtaining data; and on the other hand the somatotype profile changes during ontogenesis, and is influenced by gender, age, ethnicity, as well as the level of physical activity and even sports specialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"18-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Study of the role of biomarkers in determining the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children with obesity].","authors":"A M Lebedeva, E V Pavlovskaya, M E Bagaeva, N N Taran, A I Zubovich, I A Matinyan, E A Kiselnikova, T V Strokova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-85-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-85-96","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world, especially among children. Studying the role of biomarkers in determining the course of NAFLD in obese children will make it possible to identify the disease at an early stage, assess the risks of progression and select individual approaches to therapy. &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of the research was to study the diagnostic role of noninvasive biomarkers in determining the severity of liver steatosis and fibrosis in obese children. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. 78 children from 11 to 17 years of age with exogenous constitutional obesity were examined. The children were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=59) - children with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), group 2 (n=19) - children without NAFLD; in group 1, subgroups of children with simple liver steatosis (n=45) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were identified (n=14). The study of lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides), carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR), blood serum level of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), cytokeratin-18 (СK18), apoptosis factor associated with the FAS ligand (FASL), and visfatin has been conducted. All patients underwent ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs and liver elastography to determine the degree of liver fibrosis on the METAVIR scale and the degree of steatosis using a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. The level of the biomarkers CK-18 and FASL were significantly higher in children from Group 1 compared to those without NAFLD (1.26 [0.44; 1.57] vs 0.47 [0.43; 0.59] ng/mL, p=0.008 and 36.33 [25.57; 45.94] vs 22.55 [20.27; 26.41] pg/mL, respectively). Moreover, these levels increased with the degree of obesity. In patients with NASH, FASL levels showed a positive correlation with the degree of obesity (r=0.40), CK-18 with the stage of liver fibrosis (r=0.50), and visfatin with transaminase activity (r=0.65), fibrosis (r =1.0), and hepatic steatosis degree (r=0.60). FGF-21 demonstrated only weak correlations with the other studied biomarkers. The HIS and APRI indices were significantly higher in patients with NASH (46.46 [40.75; 53] vs 42.11 [36.88; 47.09], p=0.0006 and 0.25 [0.18; 0.36] vs 0.18 [0.15; 0.21], p=0.04 in patients with hepatic steatosis; and vs 40.02 [36.4; 44.85] and 0.16 [0.12; 0.22] in patients from Group 2, respectively). All patients had PNFI&gt;9, indicating the presence of significant fibrotic changes. Correlation analysis showed that HIS and APRI indices were strongly associated with the degree of steatosis, alanine aminotransferase activity, and right liver lobe size. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;. The use of biomarkers makes it possible to complement ultrasound diagnostics of NAFLD, providing more complete information about the severity of the disease without invasive procedures. The development and application of noninvasive methods for the diagnosis and p","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bioimpedance analysis in sports and clinical practice: the influence of alternative measurement conditions on body composition indicators].","authors":"K V Vybornaya, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-6-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-6-20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a number of standard conditions that must be followed during preparation and during the procedure of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the results of body composition estimating to be correct. This is because many biological and non-biological factors influence the accuracy of the results. In the conditions of sports camps, fitness centers and in some groups of patients, it is impossible to carry out measurements in compliance with all standard conditions. Practicing researchers and clinicians should be aware of exactly what changes occur in body composition indicators under alternative measurement conditions. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to identify which indicators change in the body composition protocol when certain standard conditions of bioimpedance measurement are not met and whether measurements taken in violation of one of the standard measurement conditions can be considered correct, i.e. in alternative conditions. <b>Material and methods</b>. 35 literature sources were analyzed, keyword searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier and eLibrary databases. <b>Results</b>. After aerobic and anaerobic exercise, when changing the standard position of the electrode on the lower limb [the measuring (sensor) electrode is moved from the articulation line of the tarsal joint (ventral position) to the Achilles tendon (dorsal position)], when changing the body position from «lying» to «standing», as well as after 1000 ml saline intravenous administration, the indicators of body resistance and the proportion of body fat significantly decrease, and the indicators of total body water, lean, active cellular and skeletal muscle mass significantly increase. Opposite trends in the change in indicators were obtained after drinking water, food intake, donating blood in a volume of 480 ml, when using bioadhesive electrodes with a small contact surface (adjacent area), during a long-term (60-240 min) study on an empty stomach, as well as after consuming anhydrous caffeine in capsules (200 mg, without dissolution in water, 60 min), caffeine as a drink, and black tea with sugar: body resistance and the proportion of body fat increased significantly, while total body water, lean, active cellular and skeletal muscle mass decreased significantly. All the obtained changes in body resistance and body composition indicators observed after violating one of the standard measurement conditions (except for studies assessing the effect of physical activity) were equated to the error of the BIA, as well as to the differences obtained when measuring on different devices. <b>Conclusion</b>. It is considered acceptable to perform BIA with a violation of one of the standard measurement conditions if another measurement is impossible, with the exception of performing BIA after physical exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"6-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The influence of dietary pattern on the production of volatile organic compounds in patients with hydrogen-producing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome].","authors":"V I Pilipenko, I B Perova, K I Eller, S V Morozov, V A Isakov, E V Bezrukov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-106-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-106-116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibacterial therapy of the small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is not effective enough and has a high relapse rate after treatment. Diet is a well-modifiable factor that plays a major role in shaping the composition, diversity, metabolic activity and stability of the intestinal microbiota. Intestinal bacteria ferment undigested food residues to form species-specific carbon-chain volatile organic compounds (VOCs). <b>The aim</b> of this research was to study possible correlations between dietary variables and the level of stool VOCs in patients with hydrogen-producing SIBO. <b>Material and methods</b>. The material of the study was the data of 100 patients referred for a hydrogen-methane breath test with lactulose in case of suspected presence of SIBO. Excessive bacterial growth of hydrogen-producing flora in the small intestine was determined by changes in the content of hydrogen and methane in exhaled air after consuming a portion of lactulose using the GastroCheck Gastrolyzer apparatus. The assessment of actual nutrition at home was carried out by 24-hour dietary recall. The determination of VOCs in patients' feces was carried out using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (a gas chromatograph equipped with a vapor-phase autosampler in combination with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer). <b>Results</b>. Of the 100 patients examined, 41 were found to have a overgrowth of hydrogen- producing flora, 15 had an excess of methanogenic flora, and 10 had an excess of both hydrogen-producing and methanogenic flora. No signs of SIBO were found in 34 patients and they formed a control group. When comparing dietary parameters expressed in absolute values, significant differences were found only in relation to dietary fiber: patients with SIBO differed in a lower level of their consumption (19.8±9.1 vs 25.5±12.3 g/ day, p=0.023). At the same time, the index of healthy nutrition HEI-2020 in the control group was significantly higher (52.9±11.1 vs 44.4±14.4%, p=0.003). Due to the high variability of VOC levels, no significant differences between the groups for individual VOCs have been established. The results of the analysis of the structure of correlations between 84 variables of the nutrition assessment of the studied participants and 80 VOCs in their stool showed significant interdependence differences between patients of the studied groups. In patients with SIBO, the metabolic activity of the microbiota changed most significantly when eating leafy greens, berries, oatmeal and sausages, and in the control group when eating potatoes, tropical fruits, buckwheat and eggs. <b>Conclusion</b>. Thus, significant differences in the structure of correlations between dietary variables and the level of stool VOCs in patients with SIBO and the control group have been established.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"106-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Main results of nutrition monitoring of school-age children implemented within the framework of the Federal Project \"Public Health Improvement\" of the National Project \"Demography\"].","authors":"A Yu Popova, I G Shevkun, I I Novikova, S P Romanenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-64-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-64-70","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the foundations of the state national security is the health of the younger generation. The leading role in its formation belongs to the educational process, an indispensable element of which is nutrition. Given the importance of adherence to the principles of healthy nutrition, nutrition monitoring carried out by the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in cooperation with the Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety within the framework of the federal project \"Public Health Improvement\" of the national project \"Demography\" is of particular importance. <b>The objective</b> of the research was to assess the nutritional characteristics of school-age children for the development of scientifically based management decisions in health care. <b>Material and methods</b>. Within the framework of the study, a large-scale interviewing of 3 groups of respondents was conducted in 85 subjects of the Russian Federation: school administrators (more than 16 thousand), catering operators (more than 2400), students in grades 2, 5, and 10, and their parents/legal representatives (more than 650 thousand). <b>Results</b>. Positive changes in the organization of catering have been noted, including an increased range of healthy food and dishes in 66.3% of schools, positive changes in the dietary regime in 25.5% of schools and improved eating conditions in 36.8% of organisations. On the positive side, changes in schoolchildren's eating habits have been revealed: the proportion of children consuming fruit and vegetables daily has increased (from 52.2% in 2021 to 60.6% in 2024, and from 33.2 to 45.1%, respectively, p<0.05); the number of children adding salt to their food and adding more than 2 tablespoons of sugar to drinks has decreased (from 14.1 to 12.7%, and from 21.3 to 15.6%, respectively, p<0.05). <b>Conclusion</b>. Based on the results of the monitoring of schoolchildren's nutrition and taking into account the identified peculiarities of children's diet and health, recommendations were developed for the prevention of nutrition-related health disorders among schoolchildren in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation that participated in the monitoring, and a roadmap for improving children's nutrition was developed, including measures related to children's nutrition in the family and at school.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of quality indicators of gluten-free flour confectionery intended for dietary nutrition].","authors":"Z R Khodyreva, M A Vaytanis, E M Schetinina, O G Vyun, O A Vrzhesinskaya","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-97-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-97-105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there is an increase in gluten-associated diseases. The range of food for such patients is currently quite limited. In this regard, the development of new gluten-free products, including those popular among consumers of flour confectionery, is relevant. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to develop a formulation and to evaluate the quality indicators of gluten-free biscuits intended for special dietary uses. <b>Material and methods</b>. To prepare prototypes of gluten-free biscuits, corn flour, green buckwheat, steamed buckwheat and rice flour were used instead of wheat flour of the highest grade, along with unsalted butter, salt, baking soda, and white sugar. The experimental products were evaluated according to organoleptic (on a five-point scale), physical and chemical (mass fraction of moisture, alkalinity, wetness) and sanitarymicrobiological parameters with calculation of nutritional and energy value. <b>Results</b>. When developing gluten-free biscuits for the formation of various flavor profiles, wheat flour was 100% replaced with gluten-free flour: corn, rice, steamed buckwheat and green buckwheat. According to the results of an organoleptic assessment and analysis of physical, chemical, microbiological parameters, biscuits with green buckwheat flour, as well as a mixture of corn and rice flour (1:1) were selected. The calculation of the nutritive value showed that one serving of the product (30 g) allows to cover the daily requirement for protein, fats and carbohydrates by 3.0-5.5%, dietary fiber - by about 3%. Despite the slightly increased content of micronutrients in the developed biscuits, they cannot serve as their significant source. Only biscuits with green buckwheat flour can cover the need for phosphorus, iron and vitamins B1 and PP by 5% or more in 1 serving. <b>Conclusion</b>. The developed biscuits with green buckwheat flour for special dietary uses for people with gluten intolerance can serve a source of such micronutrients as phosphorus, iron, vitamins B1 and PP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of phycocyanins from Arthrospira platensis on the efficacy of immunization with an anti-coronavirus vaccine <i>in vivo</i>].","authors":"V A Shipelin, A V Kholina, A V Zamyatina, V K Mazo, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-118-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-118-130","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The creation of food for special dietary use designed to increase the resistance of the human immune system to viral infections is an vital section of modern nutrition science. Phycocyanins (PC) of the Arthrospira platensis food cyanobacterium possess potential immunomodulatory properties. The study of the possibility of using PC as oral immunostimulants and/or immunoadjuvants in vaccination scenarios is of significant interest. &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of this research was to study the ability of PC concentrate and PC complex with egg protein (Module) to influence the state of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in laboratory rodents - BALB/c mice on the developed model of attenuated vaccination with Sputnik-V. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The experiment involved 34 male BALB/c mice with an initial body weight of 20.0±1.0 g at the age of 4-5 weeks. 5 groups were formed: \"Control\", \"PC-200\", \"PC-420\", \"Module-200\" and \"Module-420\". The PC concentrate and the Module were administered orally daily for 49 days at doses of 200 and 420 mg/kg body weight (in terms of PC). The Sputnik-V vaccine for the prevention of human SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection was administered to all animals on days 29 and 50. When studying the immunoadjuvant potential of PC concentrate and Module on days 49, 57, 64, 141 and 171, IgG levels to SARS-CoV-2 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On days 28, 31 and 51, immunostimulating properties were evaluated by cytometry by means of immunophenotyping blood lymphocytes. At the end of the experiment, integral, hematological, and biochemical (blood serum) parameters were evaluated on day 190. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. When evaluating the immunoadjuvant properties of PC concentrate and Module on day 64, a significant increase in IgG titers to 1/115 000 and 1/128 000 was observed in Module-200 and Module-420 groups, respectively. In the Module-200 group, on day 141, the concentration of antibodies was almost 2 fold higher than the control ones. From days 141 to 171, increased antibody titers were observed in all experimental groups compared with the control. When studying the immunostimulating properties of the surveyed objects on the 31st day of the experiment, an increase in the number of cytotoxic T-cell subpopulations by 29 and 42%, respectively, was found in the Module-200 and Module- 420 groups. At the end of the experiment, minor shifts in blood biochemical parameters were revealed, there were no changes in hematological parameters; an 11.7% increase in heart mass was found in the Module-420 group. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;. The experiment demonstrated the presence of immunoadjuvant properties in PC concentrate and Module, especially expressed in the Module-200 group. The Module had immunostimulating effect on cell-mediated immunity. The manifestation of the Module effects, in contrast to the PC concentrate, is apparently due to its better stability in the gastrointestinal tract environment. Further studies of the secretory activ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"118-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hygienic assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the Federal Project «Strengthening public health» in terms of forming a commitment to healthy nutrition among the adult population of the Omsk region in 2018-2023].","authors":"Yu V Menshchikova, E A Vilms, D V Turchaninov, O V Kozubenko, A V Brusentsova, M S Turchaninova, T A Yunatskaya, O N Glagoleva, A D Chubarova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-71-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-71-81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Omsk region, which since 2019 has been one of the five pilot regions of Russia for the implementation of measures to promote healthy eating within the framework of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health» of the national project «Demography», experience has been accumulated that potentially allows us to assess the effectiveness of such measures within the framework of medium-term programs at the regional level, which is an urgent task. <b>Objective</b> of the study: hygienic assessment of the effectiveness of measures to form commitment to healthy nutrition among the population of the Omsk region during the implementation of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health». <b>Material and methods</b>. In 2018, a representative sample of the adult population aged 18-85 years (n=241) was formed, quota-based by gender, age, and area of residence; in 2023, a similar sample (n=506) was formed. All subjects were interviewed using a single questionnaire containing socio-demographic data, forms for studying the frequency of food consumption and 24-hour food reproduction, a block of questions concerning the assessment of knowledge and practices in the field of healthy eating and the construction of a daily diet. <b>Results</b>. In 2023, compared to 2018, the proportion of the population with energy consumption above the physiological requirement decreased from 42.7 to 37.2% (p<0.01). The median consumption of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, transisomers of fatty acids decreased significantly, while the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber increased (p≤0.0003). There was a significant increase in the consumption of vitamins B1, C, magnesium, potassium, while the amount of vitamins D, В2, biotin, choline, calcium, and zinc in the diet decreased. An improvement in the level of knowledge and practices of the adult population of the region in the field of healthy nutrition was revealed. <b>Conclusion</b>. The results indicate the successful implementation of measures to form a commitment to healthy nutrition among the adult population of the region within the framework of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health» of the national project «Demography» in certain areas. Priority problems of population nutrition for correction in the near future have been identified. The proposed model for assessing the effectiveness of measures to form commitment to healthy nutrition among the population can be used to improve preventive activities at the regional level.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Management with micronutrient composition of entomoproducts by edible insects' feeding schedule optimisation].","authors":"N V Tyshko, K A Timoshenko, S I Shestakova, V A Zotov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-100-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-100-109","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The trend to the modern food industry's reorientation into the manufacturing of food with increased nutritional density, enriched, among other things, with complete protein, leads to the need to expand the raw material base and search for non-traditional protein sources, among which insects are considered to be a very promising resource. The insects species composition, the food use of which is approved in countries that previously had no tradition of using such raw materials, is represented by ubiquitous synanthropic organisms that have accompanied mankind for thousands of years - the mealybug (Tenebrio molitor), house cricket (A. domesticus) and others. In particular, A. domesticus belongs to polyphagous species that feed both plant and animal substrates, producing their own complete protein. Based on the results of our own research and analysis of literature data, the chemical composition of arthropods potentially used for food purposes requires careful control due to the possible risk of excessive content of mineral components. Both regulation of feed composition and feeding schedule of insects, taking into consideration their age and species affiliation, can be considered as risk management methods. &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of the research was the investigation of the influence of feeding schedule on the micronutrient (mineral) composition of house cricket A. domesticus biomass. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The A. domesticus house cricket produced by ONTO LLC was used for this research. Elemental analysis of 8 insect samples was carried out. The content of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in insect biomass samples was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The element composition of cricket biomass (age of the 6th moult and adults) obtained under different feeding schedule was assessed from the view point of the possibility for using insects as a source of relevant mineral substances, for which the element content in biomass was compared with the norms of physiological requirements for humans. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. In insect samples kept under conditions of stable feed supply, the content of calcium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese increased with insect growth, reaching a maximum level at the stage of the 6th moult and decreasing when the adult age was reached. At all stages of insect growth, incubation without food for 24 hours resulted in a 45% decrease in the content of copper and zinc, a 33% decrease in calcium and manganese, and a 15% decrease in iron. No effect of insect feeding schedule on the content of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and chromium, as well as lead and cadmium in biomass was revealed. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;. House crickets can serve a source of minerals and trace elements in the human diet, and there is a risk of excessive intake of mineral elements when using raw materials from A. domesticus in food. In spite of the fact that the results of th","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"100-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}