Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[Comparative assessment of students' vitamin D, B12, C, calcium, and iron intake, depending on the season and gender].","authors":"A V Tarasov, R S Rakhmanov, N A Skoblina, V I Popov, E A Tsukareva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-54-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-54-62","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin and mineral status disorders are widespread among students and are characterized by pronounced seasonal variability, which can contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. The objective of the research was a comparative assessment of students' vitamin D, B12, C, calcium, and iron status, taking into account seasonal and gender differences.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 178 students (51 males and 127 females; age 19.9 [19.7; 20.2] years). The study was conducted in two stages: in spring (n=88) and in autumn (n=90). Blood plasma level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamins B12 and C was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and calcium and iron plasma level was evaluated on an automatic biochemical analyzer. Nonparametric statistical methods, Spearman correlation analysis and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of 25(OH)D was 1.9 fold higher in autumn than in spring (19.1 [16.5;22.7] vs 10.1 [8.1;14.6] ng/ml, p<0.001): the proportion of individuals with deficiency was 65.6% and 90.9%, respectively (p<0.001). In contrast, the level of vitamin B12 was 4.5 fold higher in spring (898.7 [590.9;1054.9] vs 200.9 [133.6; 287.4] pg/ml, p<0.001); deficiency was detected only in autumn in 44.4% of individuals (p<0.001). The level of vitamin C and calcium was within the reference values in 91.1-98.9% of the examined individuals, but it was higher in autumn than in spring by 25% (p<0.001) and 4% (р=0.002), respectively. The level of iron did not change seasonally, and it was 1.5 times higher in males than in females (18.5 [11.5; 21.8] vs 12.8 [9.1; 17.7] μmol/L, p<0.001). The proportion of individuals with reduced iron levels was 29.9-43.3% among females and 10.0-19.0% among males. The analysis of variance showed that the season was a significant factor for vitamins D, B12, and C (p<0.001), while gender was significant only for iron (p<0.001). The interaction between gender and season was not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The season is a leading factor in determining the levels of vitamins D, B12, and C in students; gender is associated primarily with iron levels. The findings support the need to consider seasonal and gender-specific factors in assessing and preventing micronutrient deficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 3","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[<i>FTO</i> rs9939609 polymorphism and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters in the indigenous population of the North of Western Siberia].","authors":"A I Kozlov, A A Vasileva, G G Vershubskaya","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-51-60","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-51-60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies investigating the association of the FTO gene with biochemical metabolism are few and varied. Indigenous populations of high-latitude regions have been the least studied. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of the FTO rs9939609 with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters in the indigenous population of northern Western Siberia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Body mass index (BMI), blood plasma glucose (GL), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels were assessed in a sample of Ob Ugrians (Mansi and Khanty aged 18-64 years, n=51). Genotyping of DNA samples for the FTO gene polymorphism (T/A, rs9939609) was performed. Results were processed using Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft, USA) and the R programming environment. The magnitude of associations between traits was assessed using Spearman rank correlations (ρ), and intergroup comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies were performed using the χ2 method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HDL-C levels were higher in TT*FTO genotype carriers (p=0.001) compared to AA+AT variants. The most striking differences were observed between individuals with the AT* and TT* genotypes (HDL-C levels were 1.22±0.06 and 1.53±0.06 mmol/L, respectively; p=0.004). Significant correlations between TC and TG (ρ=0.62, p<0.05) and TC and HDL (in the AA+AT group, rρ=0.40, p<0.05) were observed only in A* allele carriers. The negative influence of the A* allele is indirectly confirmed by a positive association between BMI and GL (ρ=0.66, p<0.05), whereas with the TT* genotype, GL does not raise with increasing BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the Ob Ugrians correspond to physiological norms, taking into account the ethnicity of these representatives of the high-latitude adaptation type. The specific associations between FTO and metabolic parameters in the Ob Ugrians are consistent with data obtained in samples of representatives of the large Mongoloid race. The results confirm the importance of studying the population frequencies of the FTO rs9939609 alleles and the influence of this locus on the phenotype. Particular attention should be paid to populations in high-latitude regions due to the possible association of FTO with the manifestations of metabolic syndrome in indigenous, long-term, and immigrant populations of the North.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Rodent models of diet-induced obesity and sedentary lifestyle].","authors":"S A Zanin, E A Chabanets, E E Esaulenko, P P Polyakov, A A Linchevsky","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-6-17","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-6-17","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are serious medical and social problems. Experimental modeling of these pathologies is necessary to understand their mechanisms and develop new treatments. The objective of this study was to summarize in the form of a narrative review information on experimental models of diet-induced obesity, sedentary lifestyle and pathogenetically associated disorders in rodents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A literature search was conducted across the eLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases in recent years. The search strategy utilized the following keywords: obesity, metabolic syndrome, rodents, rats, mice, experimental models, rodent models, diet-induced obesity, high-fat diet, high-fructose diet, high-fat high-fructose diet, high-sucrose diet, sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity. A total of 70 publications were selected from the last 5 years (2021-2025), excluding articles of fundamental importance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among diet-induced obesity modeling approaches, high-fat diet (40-60% of total calorie intake) is the most prevalent, utilized in over 75% of related studies. Alternative approaches include carbohydrate-enriched diets (specifically high-fructose) and various combination. Notably, body mass gain is not observed in all subjects, a challenge compounded by the lack of a unified somatometric standard for rodent obesity. Furthermore, biochemical markers associated with obesity fail to manifest in at least 20% of such experiments. This variability - beyond physiological interspecies differences and genetic predisposition - is primarily attributed to the high heterogeneity of experimental protocols. While such diversity is acceptable in exploratory research, the translational application of alimentary models (e.g., preclinical trials) necessitates rigorous standardization. Consequently, further refinement and validation of these models are required, accounting for dietary composition and auxiliary factors. Reduced physical activity is a critical yet less explored variable, whereas healthy rodents typically exhibit high voluntary activity, covering up to 5-10 km per day on a running wheel. Modeling sedentary behavior - both in isolation and in combination with hypercaloric intake - remains less established than purely diet-induced approaches. Promising and technically accessible methods for simulating a sedentary lifestyle include locking the running wheel and reducing the cage size. Conversely, providing enriched activity environments for control groups is essential to maintain baseline metabolic homeostasis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Rodent models of obesity - most commonly established through high-fat diets (75% of studies) and/or high-carbohydrate regimens - suffer from significant protocol heterogeneity. To improve the translational validity of these models, further standardization is essential. In particular, sedentary behavior should be addressed a","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 1","pages":"6-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of sibutramine on the levels of leptin, ghrelin, and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-17A) in rats with induced obesity].","authors":"N A Rieger, E N Trushina, O K Mustafina, I V Aksenov, V A Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-16-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-16-27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main goal of treating obese patients is to reduce body weight. Sibutramine (Sib) - reuptake inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), acting at the hypothalamic area, leads to weight loss. The effect of Sib on the production of adipokines and cytokines has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of Sib on changes in blood plasma levels of leptin (Lep), ghrelin (Ghr), and cytokines IL-1β, IL-17A, and IL-10 in male Wistar rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>50 rats with an initial body weight of 112±2 g were divided into 5 groups. For 90 days, the rats of the control group (1) received the AIN93G diet. The rats of the experimental groups (2-5) were fed HFD (24% fat content or 45% of calories). Physical activity (PA) of moderate intensity has been introduced for groups 3 and 5 (treadmill, angle 100, speed 25 cm/s for 20 min). In groups 4 and 5, Sib in daily dose 1.0 mg/kg body weight was added. At the end, the total weight, the weight of adipose tissue, liver and spleen were determined. The heparinized blood was centrifuged and the plasma was stored at -80 °C. Apoptosis of hepatocytes was performed using flow cytometry on DxFLEX cytometer (Beckman Coulter). The levels of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, Lep and Ghr were determined using sets on a Luminex 200. The ratio of levels of Lep to Ghr (Lep/Ghr) and IL-10 to IL17A (IL-10/IL17A) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rats on HFD with Sib supplementation (group 4) developed an obesity phenotype comparable to those in group 2. In group 4, compared with group 1, the levels of Lep were significantly increased (2.69 [1.94; 3.15] vs 1.18 [0.90; 1.38] pg/ml; p<0.01) while there was a decrease in the levels of Ghr (0.56 [0.37; 0.71] vs 1.45 [1.21; 2.15] pg/ ml; p<0.001), IL-1β (0.05 [0.04; 0.06] vs 0.08 [0.07; 0.10] pg/ml; p<0.05) and IL-17A (0.004 [0.002; 0.005] vs 0.007 [0.006; 0.009] pg/ml; p<0.01). Compared with the other samples, the highest medians of Lep/Ghr (4.27 [3.06; 6.30] vs 0.69 [0.61; 1.07], p<0.01) and IL-10/IL-17A (5.57 [2.12; 8.73] vs 1.57 [1.34; 2.25], p<0.05) were found in group 4. When Sib was combined with PA in group 5, the levels of adipokines, IL-1β, and Lep/Ghr and IL-10/IL-17A no longer differed from the control. Sib, by suppressing the reuptake of 5-HT, NE and DA, cancels changes in the levels of adipokines and cytokines caused by HFD with the return of Lep/Ghr and IL-10/IL-17A values to the control values only with regular PA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The positive effect of Sib on the levels of adipokines and cytokines is manifested in combination with regular PA, even in induced obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 3","pages":"16-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[New possibilities for dietary correction of body weight and lipid metabolism in patients with obesity].","authors":"T L Pilat, L P Kuzmina, A G Khotuleva, M M Kolyaskina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-2-92-100","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-2-92-100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overweight, obesity, and dyslipidemia significantly contribute to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Among non-drug treatments, dietary therapy using foods for special dietary uses is the most effective. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibilities of dietary correction of body weight and lipid metabolism in patients with overweight and obesity using the \"Weight and Cholesterol Reduction\" (WCR) nutrition program.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An observational cohort study was conducted involving 20 women aged 25 to 50 years with initially high total serum cholesterol (>6.2 mmol/L) and a body mass index (BMI) over 25.0 kg/m2. The effectiveness of the WCR nutrition program was assessed based on changes in anthropometric parameters, blood lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level], fasting blood glucose level, and changes in liver function (the activity of organ-specific liver enzymes and level of total and direct bilirubin). The organoleptic properties and tolerability of the WCR program products were assessed using a questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After two weeks of using the WCR nutrition program, the body weight of the subjects decreased to 4.7 kg (from 82.4±5.7 to 77.7±5.4 kg), blood serum level of total cholesterol decreased by 12% (from 7.12±0.43 to 6.26±0.36 mmol/L), triglycerides - by 17% (from 2.18±0.45 to 1.81±0.38 mmol/L), LDL - by 8.7% (from 4.42±0.38 to 4.03±0.35 mmol/L) (p<0.05), which is justified by a decrease in the diet calorie intake and fat consumption, the exclusion of cholesterol-rich foods from the diet, and the inclusion of pectin, chlorogenic acid and β-glucans in the diet, which contribute to lipid profile improvement. Enhancing liver function was noted: the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase decreased (p>0.05) by 14.2% (from 48.2±17.1 to 41.4±14.2 U/L) and 7.7% (from 41.6±12.9 to 38.4±11.5 U/l), respectively, the bilirubin level decreased [total by 16% (from 14.2±3.6 to 11.9±3.1 μmol/L), direct by 17.4% (from 3.9±1.2 to 3.2±1.0 μmol/L)]. Improvement in carbohydrate metabolism was revealed: the blood glucose level decreased by 9.5% (from 5.95±0.42 to 5.38±0.38 U/l) (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The WCR nutrition program can serve as an effective mean for weight loss and normalization of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in individuals with obesity and hyperlipidemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 2","pages":"92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148219884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bioimpedance analysis parameters and metabolic profile in children with non- alcoholic fatty liver disease].","authors":"A M Yakubovich, E V Pavlovskaya, M E Bagaeva, A I Zubovich, E A Kiselnikova, I V Vorozhko, T V Strokova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-91-99","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-91-99","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children is considered a manifestation of metabolic disturbances, that is a complex of interrelated alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism associated with insulin resistance and an increased proportion of visceral fat. In this context, a comprehensive assessment of metabolic parameters combined with body composition analysis in children with NAFLD and without it is relevant for clarifying the role of visceral obesity in the development and progression of the disease, as well as for improving the accuracy of clinical assessment. The aim of the research was to assess the characteristics of the metabolic profile and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) parameters and to determine their associations with clinical and biochemical features of NAFLD in children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective cross-sectional study included 398 obese children aged 11-17 years. Group 1 consisted of children with ultrasound signs of NAFLD (n=230). Group 2 included children without signs of NAFLD (n=168). Anthropometric parameters were assessed using the WHO AnthroPlus software. Body composition was evaluated using multi-frequency BIA. All children underwent abdominal ultrasound examination to detect hepatic steatosis. Biochemical blood tests were performed, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipid profile, glucose, and insulin levels, with calculation of the HOMA-IR index. Additionally, serum concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), cytokeratin-18 fragments (CK-18), soluble Fas ligand (FasL), and visfatin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to characterize metabolic disturbances and markers of apoptosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Children with NAFLD had significantly higher body weight, body mass index (BMI), and BMI standard deviation score (BMI SDS) compared with the control group (p&lt;0.01). Elevated serum ALT level was detected in 23% of patients in Group 1 (53/230; 95% CI 17.9-28.9%), whereas no elevation of transaminase activity was observed in Group 2. In the NAFLD group, median level of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were higher (p≤0.001), and insulin resistance was more prevalent: HOMA-IR&gt;2.77 was observed in 73.5% (95% CI 67.4-78.8) versus 48.8% (95% CI 41.4-56.3); OR 2.91; 95% CI 1.91-4.43. According to BIA, children with NAFLD demonstrated higher fat mass (43.1 [34.7; 52.6] vs 35.6 [29.1; 43.9] kg; p&lt;0.001) and increased indicators of visceral fat (visceral fat area and waist-to-hip ratio; p&lt;0.001). Serum levels of CK-18 and FasL were significantly higher in children with NAFLD (p&lt;0.01), reflecting activation of apoptotic mechanisms of hepatocyte injury.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;NAFLD in obese children is associated with metabolic disturbances, including more pronounced visceral fat accumulation (according to bioimpedance analysis), dyslipidemia, and a","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 1","pages":"91-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Formation of a diet for patients with post-malarial anemia].","authors":"I D Shchegoleva, B Bucumi","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-61-73","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-61-73","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Malaria is a real public health problem all over the world. The population of African countries is especially susceptible to this disease. During the illness and after recovery, patients with malaria experience complications in the form of hemolytic anemia, which reduces the quality of life for a long time. It is known that specialized nutrition plays a significant role in the treatment of anemia. For the population of endemic regions of Africa, which include the Republic of Burundi, the organization of specialized nutrition is relevant and requires significant attention. The aim of the review was to summarize domestic and foreign knowledge about the distribution and characteristics of post-malarial anemia among the African population, the role of diet in the prevention and treatment of post-malarial anemia, and to assess the production of foods for special dietary uses in the Republic of Burundi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The search for scientific publications was carried out using the library platforms PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, eLIBRARY, mainly for the last 10 years by the keywords: malaria, anemia, population of African countries, nutrition, micronutrients, immunity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A review of the literature revealed that malaria remains one of the most dangerous and widespread diseases affecting the African continent. During illness and recovery, patients develop anemia caused by damage of infected red blood cells, accelerated aging and degradation of undamaged red blood cells, and other functional impairments. Malaria infection is accompanied by decreased plasma level of iron, zinc, vitamins A, D, C, В9, and their metabolites, which play a significant role in immune regulation, antioxidant defense, and pathogen control. Several published studies indicate that supplementation with these micronutrients reduce the risk of severe malaria and its complications, particularly post-malarial anemia. However, research on the use of micronutrients in foods for special dietary uses for post-malarial anemia patients is insufficient. An appropriate program for introducing iron and folic acid supplements into dietary interventions remains unclear, given that they are absorbed by replicating plasmodia and may delay recovery. The diet of the population of the Republic of Burundi consists primarily of local plant foods. During malaria and post-malarial anemia, the diet is slightly adjusted to increase the consumption of protein-rich foods such as eggs, milk, offal, legumes, and micronutrient-rich fruits and vegetables. Foods for special dietary uses are produced on a limited scale.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Providing balanced nutrition in regions with a high risk of malaria is an important public health objective. The development of dietary interventions for the prevention and treatment of malaria and post-malarial anemia should be aimed at strengthening the human immune system. The production and","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 1","pages":"61-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hypercaloric poultry meat product for enteral nutrition].","authors":"A S Dydykin, O K Derevitskaya, M A Aslanova, P R Zokhrabyan, A E Shestopalov, A V Yakovleva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-112-120","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-1-112-120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteral nutrition is considered an important component of nutritional support in all clinical groups of patients. Poultry meat in the human diet is a source of complete protein with high digestibility, a number of minerals, vitamins, trace elements and bioactive compounds. In this regard, the development of an enteral product based on poultry meat intended for probe nutrition and/or oral consumption can be considered an urgent task, allowing to expand the range of foods for special dietary uses. The aim of the work was to develop a formulation and technology for a sterilized hypercaloric enteral formula based on poultry meat and to evaluate its quality and safety.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The object of the research was experimental samples of a sterilized enteral formula based on poultry meat, manufactured according to a formulation developed in accordance with medical and biological requirements. The theoretical calculation of the formulation was carried out using the computer program «System for designing and evaluating the quality of multicomponent food compositions». Standard conventional methods were used to evaluate protein, fat and moisture content and pH. Total amino acid composition was measured by the chromatographic method on an automatic liquid amino acid analyzer, tryptophan and L-glutamic acid level was evaluated by spectrophotometry. Fatty acid composition was assessed by gas chromatography using a column to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of a mixture of fatty acids in the form of methyl esters. The content of vitamins В1, Е and D was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, manganese, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron - by atomic absorption method. Industrial sterility was evaluated in accordance with the requirements for group A canned goods. The stability of the dispersed system was determined using a laboratory centrifuge type Z 206 A (Hermle Labortechnik GmbH, Germany).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In accordance with the medical and biological requirements, a formulation of a hypercaloric enteral formula containing poultry meat and process parameters have been developed to obtain finished product with the required organoleptic characteristics. The resulting product meets the specified requirements for energy content (150 kcal/100 g) and its distribution (16-20% protein; 35% fat; 45-49% carbohydrates), the content of vitamins, minerals, trace elements and bioactive compounds; it has a balanced amino acid and fatty acid composition. According to organoleptic characteristics, the product is a fluid, homogeneous, highly dispersed mass with low viscosity, without delamination of the structure, which allows passage through a tube with an outer diameter of 4.62 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After conducting clinical trials the developed product can be used as the sole or additional source of nutrition for patients with malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 1","pages":"112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of micronutrients intake by the adult population of the Russian Federation].","authors":"E E Keshabyants, M S Soshina, E A Martinchik, E A Smirnova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-63-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-63-76","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients involved in the regulation of many key physiological processes; however, the current dietary structure often leads to their insufficient intake. Inadequate micronutrient consumption is considered a significant risk factor for a wide range of diet-related diseases, which determines the importance of assessing and correcting micronutrient adequacy in the population. The objective of the research was to assess the actual intake of vitamins (А, β-carotene, С, В1, В2, РР) and minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium) in the adult population of the Russian Federation and to identify patterns of consumption by sex, age, type of settlement, and residence in the Arctic zone.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-hour dietary recall method. The analysis was based on primary data from the 2023 Survey of Dietary Intake conducted by the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Insufficient intake of several vitamins (A, β-carotene, C, B group) and minerals (calcium, magnesium, and iron in women), as well as a violation of the optimal calciumto- phosphorus diet ratio was identified in the adult population of the Russian Federation, including the Arctic zone. Differences by sex, age, and territory (urban/rural) were statistically significant for most indicators; however, in many cases the effect size was small.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dietary pattern of the adult population is characterized by a populationlevel imbalance in micronutrient composition. The findings can be used in developing measures aimed at optimizing nutrition in the adult population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 3","pages":"63-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of biochemical markers of adaptation to physical activities in young tennis players].","authors":"Yu A Mezentseva, T N Korotkova, K V Vybornaya, I V Vorozhko, Z M Shurova, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-96-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2026-95-3-96-106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving athletic performance and minimizing the risk of injury due to overtraining and/or muscle damage in young tennis players is a key aspect of biomedical monitoring of their training. The purpose of the study was to evaluate biochemical markers of adaptation to physical activity and their correlations with body composition indicators in young tennis players, taking into account their dietary habits.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study involved 59 tennis players aged 7 to 17 years. Using the AU 680 biochemical analyzer (Beckman Coulter), the level of the following biochemical markers in blood serum was determined: total protein, urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, the activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), alanine (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST); the muscle damage index (CPK/AST) and the de Ritis coefficient (AST/ALT) were calculated. Somatometric parameters were measured by anthropometry, the body composition was determined by bioimpedancemetry using the ABC-01 Medass analyzer. The analysis of the diet structure was carried out using the 24-hour dietary recall for 3 days of the survey (2 training days and 1 day off).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Creatinine levels exceeding the reference norms were revealed in 20 girls and 9 boys, in most cases observed at a younger age, which indicates a greater share of the anaerobic energy supply mechanism compared to the older age group. Serum creatine phosphokinase activity was elevated in 14 of 33 female athletes, while in boys it was within the normal range, which indicates the depletion of adaptation reserves, and therefore requires adjustment of the training schedule with a sufficient recovery period. The strongest relationship was observed for creatinine and uric acid serum level and all studied parameters of body composition (p<0.05), except for the proportion of body fat, which may be due to eating habits and the structure of the diet - optimal protein intake. The relationship was also found between blood level of triglycerides and fat mass (ρ=0.336; p<0.01) and the proportion of body fat (ρ=0.348; p<0.01), which is associated with an excess of fat in the diet.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An assessment of biochemical markers of adaptation to physical activity allowed us to determine the current state of physical performance in young tennis players. For athletes with biochemical marker deviations from reference values, additional screening tests are recommended, as well as consultation with the coaching staff regarding adjustments to the volume and intensity of physical activity, as well as the recovery period between training sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"95 3","pages":"96-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}