Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"Key problems of nutrition and dietetics","authors":"V.A. Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-5s-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-5s-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135318311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of L-carnitine and resveratrol complex on the profile of cytokines and regulatory proteins in normal and obese rats].","authors":"V A Shipelin, N A Riger, A N Timonin, I V Gmoshinski, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-6-83-97","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-6-83-97","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, peripheral organs and some compartments of the brain are among pathogenetic factors in obesity. The use of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activity in the composition of specialized products and dietary supplements is considered as an approach in the diet therapy of obesity and related conditions. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study the effect of a complex supplement containing resveratrol and L-carnitine (RC supplement) on the immunological parameters of inflammation (the profile of cytokines and regulatory proteins) in rats fed a balanced or hypercaloric diet. <b>Material and methods</b>. Male Wistar rats received for 63 days a standard balanced diet (SD) or a high-carbohydrate-high-fat diet (HFCD) with an excess of total fat and fructose, as well as RC supplement at a low (25 mg/kg body weight as Res and 300 mg/kg body weight as L-Car) or high (50 and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively) dose. The content of leptin, ghrelin, cytokines and chemokines in blood serum (BS), lysates of white adipose tissue (WAT) and spleen, amygdala and hippocampus of the brain, the content of regulatory proteins Akt, IRS-1, GCK-3a/b, p70/S6, BAD, m-TOR, PTEN and S6 ribosomal protein in the amygdala and hippocampus have been studied the by multiplex immunoassay. <b>Results</b>. In rats that consumed RC as part of SD, there was a decrease in the levels of leptin and its ratio with ghrelin, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-12p40 and IL-12p70, IFN-γ) in BS and WAT, chemokines (MCP-1, M-CSF, MIP-2) in WAT. Some of these effects were more pronounced at a low dose of RC than at a large dose, and some of them were also canceled or changed in direction in animals treated with HFCD. In the amygdala, RC consumption increased the content of both pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines; the most significant was the increase in IL-7 levels in animals fed SD, and RANTES in animals fed HFCD. In the hippocampus of rats, the RC intake had an insignificant effect on the levels of cytokines and chemokines. Akt-1 kinase and the substrate of the insulin receptor IRS-1 were the main targets of RC action in the regions of the brain. <b>Conclusion</b>. The complex dietary supplement RC exerted a hypoleptinemic effect, revealed certain anti-inflammatory effects and modulated a number of the brain factors influencing behavioral responses in obesity. However, the synergistic effect of resveratrol and L-carnitine in the composition of the supplement wasn't not observed, and the effectiveness of its action decreased in conditions of a hypercaloric diet consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 6","pages":"83-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Natural pigments in fruit and vegetable juices: the content of anthocyanins, carotenoids and betalaines].","authors":"L M Khomich, I B Perova, K I Eller","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-6-128-134","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-6-128-134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The color of the juice is determined by the color of the corresponding fruit or vegetable from which the juice is made. The color of a fruit or vegetable, in turn, is determined by the presence of natural coloring pigments - secondary plant metabolites, which include mainly anthocyanins, carotenoids and betalains. These substances, in addition to bright colors, give the juices properties that largely provide a positive effect on health. The quantitative content of these pigments in juices (especially in commercially produced juices, the most commonly consumed by the population at present) is important for understanding of the contribution of that juices in real intake of these bioactive compounds with diet. <b>The purpose</b> of the work was to study the content of anthocyanins, carotenoids and betalaines in juices a nd nectars (cherry, pomegranate, red grapes, tomato, carrot, peach and vegetable juices containing red beetroot) widely represented on the Russian market. <b>Material and methods</b>. The content of natural coloring pigments was determined by HPLC: anthocyanins - according to GOST 32709-2014 \"Juice products. Methods for the determination of anthocyanins», carotenoids - in accordance with R 4.1.1672-03 \"Guidelines for methods of quality control and safety of biologically active food supplements\", betalains by revised IFU method of analysis No 71 (rev. 2023) \"Anthocyanins and Betalains by HPLC\". The results of measurements in 66 samples selected from Russian retail chains were analyzed. <b>Results</b>. The highest content of anthocyanins (in terms of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) was found in cherry nectars - an average of 11.4 mg/100 cm³, lower values were obtained for red grape juices (an average of 2.5 mg/100 cm³) and pomegranate juices (0.9 mg/100 cm³). In tomato juices, in addition to lycopene (7.0-14.1 mg/100 cm³), β-carotene was found in an amount of 0.3- 1.2 mg/100 cm³. In carrot juices, the content of β-carotene was at the level of 5.7-12.5 mg/100 cm³, in peach nectars - 0.14- 0.38 mg/100 cm³. The highest concentrations of betalains were found in directly pressed red beet juice at a level of 156.2 mg/100 cm³, with a predominance of betacyanins (99.4 mg/100 cm³) over betaxanthins (56.8 mg/100 cm³). The content of betacyanins decreased to 51.5 mg/100 cm³ in directly pressed lacto-fermented juice and to 2-3 mg/100 cm³ in multi-vegetable juices; betaxanthins were not detected in these samples. <b>Conclusion</b>. The study showed high levels of natural coloring substances - anthocyanins, carotenoids and in some extent betalains in juice products. A serving (200 cm³) of cherry nectar can provide up to 100% of an adequate daily intake of anthocyanins, a serving of red grape juice and a serving of pomegranate juice can provide up to 20% and up to 10%, respectively. The content of β-carotene in ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 6","pages":"128-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The study of the content of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine of people with lipid metabolism disorders].","authors":"N V Kim, V A Zotov, V A Alekseev, S A Sheveleva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-2-18-25","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-2-18-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dyslipidemias are a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, especially at a young age. It is known from modern sources that shortchain fatty acids (SCFA) synthesized in the intestine are actively involved in the genesis of dyslipidemia, the spectrum and ratio of which depends on the consumed food substrates. In particular, it has been found that food components such as dietary fiber can affect the lowering of blood lipids by affecting the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, dietary correction can be an important step in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia, and as a result, help reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CD). <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study the content of the main SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate) in the feces of people with dyslipidemia, including taking into account the actual nutrition and consumption of the carbohydrate fraction of the diet (starch, mono- and disaccharides, dietary fiber) as precursors of SCFAs. <b>Material and methods</b>. 70 patients aged 18 to 45 years with dyslipidemia were selected as stool donors. All subjects were divided into 2 groups: the main group with the risk of CD (the risk was determined by the risk scale for CD) and the comparison group with established cardiovascular pathology (CVP). SCFAs in stool samples collected after natural defecation and subjected to immediate freezing at -70 °C were determined by gas chromatography. The diet was analyzed by the 24-hour food recall method. <b>Results</b>. The frequency of occurrence of the optimal ratio acetate - acetic acid : propionate - propionic acid : butyrate - butyric acid (60:20:20) in all groups was no more than 25%. At the same time, in persons at risk of CD, in the SCFA pool there was a pronounced decrease in the proportion of butyrate, which is characterized by cardioprotective properties, up to 15% (with an optimal proportion of 20%) compared with the levels for healthy people noted in the works of M.D. Ardatskaya et al. and A.A. Kurmangulov. And in persons with CVP, the levels of fecal acetate, which is a regulator of metabolic processes, namely lipogenesis, differed insignificantly compared with the values obtained in the studies of the above authors. In all examined individuals, the content of acetate in feces depended on the carbohydrate component of the diet, primarily on the total amount of carbohydrates consumed. And increasing the amount of dietary fiber intake contributed to the elevation of this SCFA. In individuals at risk of CD a significant correlation was found between the content of acetate and the atherogenic index (r=0,695). And in persons with CVP, there was a high negative correlation between the level of acetate in the feces and the amount of mono- and disaccharides in the diet (r=-0,934). <b>Conclusion</b>. In individuals with dyslipidemia and CVD risk factors, the results obtained in this study confirm the need for targeted correction of diets in order to increase the proportion","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 2","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9684239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Interaction assessment of polysaccharides and minor bioactive compounds in functional food ingredients of plant origin].","authors":"D O Bokov,&nbsp;M N Bogachuk,&nbsp;A D Malinkin,&nbsp;V A Nazarova,&nbsp;V V Bessonov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-1-108-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-1-108-115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At present, the scientific based view of creation enriched, specialized and functional products based on bioactive compounds (BAC) of plant origin has been formed. Interactions between polysaccharides (hydrocolloids), macronutrients of the food system and minor BAC are a determining factor in their bioavailability and should be taken into account when developing formulations and evaluated accordingly. <b>The objective</b> of the research was to consider the theoretical aspects of the interaction of polysaccharides and minor BAC in functional food ingredients of plant origin, as well as to provide an overview of currently available methods for their evaluation. <b>Material and methods</b>. The search and analysis of publications were carried out using the eLIBRARY, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases, mainly in the last 10 years. <b>Results</b>. The main interaction mechanisms of the polysaccharides with minor BAC were determined using the example of the components of the polyphenol complex (flavonoids), ecdysteroids. These include: adsorption, the formation of an \"inclusion complex\", hydrogen bonding between OH-groups. The interaction of BAC with other macromolecules can occur with their significant modification as a result of the formation of complexes and cause a decrease in biological activity. The assessment of the degree of interaction of hydrocolloids with minor BAC can be carried out using both in vitro and in vivo methods. Most of these studies are carried out in vitro, do not take into account many factors that affect the bioavailability of BAC. Thus, it can be noted that, despite significant progress in the development of functional food ingredients based on medicinal plant materials, the studies of the interactions of BAC with polysaccharides using relevant models are not currently carried out to the extent necessary. <b>Conclusion</b>. Based on the data presented in the review, it can be concluded that plant polysaccharides (hydrocolloids) have a significant effect on the biological activity and availability of minor BAC (polyphenols, ecdysteroids). As an optimal technique for a preliminary assessment of the degree of interaction, it is recommended to use a model that includes the main enzymatic systems, which allows you to accurately reproduce the processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract; at the final stage, it is necessary to confirm the biological activity in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 1","pages":"108-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9136739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bone mineral density in vegetarians and vegans].","authors":"A V Galchenko,&nbsp;E I Sidorova,&nbsp;K M Gapparova,&nbsp;A A Sherstneva,&nbsp;V A Revyakina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-3-69-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-3-69-78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of vegetarians and vegans is increasing each year. In this regard, studies of the quality of diets that exclude slaughter foods, as well as their impact on human health, are becoming more and more relevant. The main <b>purpose</b> of the study was to assess the bone mineral density (BMD) in Russian vegetarians and vegans, as well as in omnivores. <b>Material and methods</b>. Design - cross-sectional study. On an outpatient basis, we examined 103 conditionally healthy people aged 18 to 77 years with different diets: 36 vegans, 38 vegetarians and 29 omnivores. X-ray two energy absorptiometry was used to assess BMD. The density of the lumbar vertebrae (L_I-L_IV) and femoral neck was measured. <b>Results</b>. Osteopenia in the lumbar spine was diagnosed in 27.8% of vegans, 39.5% of vegetarians, and 31.0% of omnivores. In the femoral neck, BMD corresponding to osteopenia was detected in 19.4, 26.3, and 17.2% of cases, respectively. 18.4% of vegetarians and 6.9% of omnivores had BMD corresponding to osteoporosis in the lumbar spine. Osteoporosis was not diagnosed in the femoral neck. No significant differences were observed after exclusion of people over 50 years of age. This was probably due primarily to the fact that the largest number of peri and postmenopausal women were in the vegetarian group. Excluding people who had took vitamin D supplements regularly did not drastically change the results of the study. When taking into account both exclusion criteria, no significant differences were observed. <b>Conclusion</b>. The findings suggest that BMD in vegans and vegetarians in Russia does not differ from that in omnivores. However, further larger studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 3","pages":"69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9869343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Relationship of vitamin A and thyroid function in Arctic residents].","authors":"A E Elfimova, E V Tipisova, F A Bichkaeva, I N Molodovskaya, O S Vlasova, T B Gretskaya","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-4-66-73","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-4-66-73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the present time the prevalence of thyroid diseases keeps growing, so knowledge of the factors affecting thyroid activity is very important. Vitamin A (retinol) is a fat-soluble vitamin with a hormone-like effect that can influence both the expression of thyroidstimulating hormone in the pituitary gland and the synthesis of thyroid hormones. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study vitamin A serum level and its relationship with the thyroid profile in residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, depending on gender. <b>Material and methods</b>. In the course of a single-center observational cross-sectional study, 304 apparently healthy residents of villages in the Arkhangelsk region (103 men and 201 women) were examined. The serum concentration of vitamin A was determined by the fluorometric method, and the content of thyroid parameters was determined by the enzyme immunoassay. The integral thyroid index (ITI) and the index of peripheral conversion of iodothyronines (IPC) were calculated. The subjects were divided into 4 groups depending on the quartile of vitamin A. The relative risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism was calculated with a reduced concentration of vitamin A. <b>Results</b>. The content of vitamin A was 1.97 (1.18; 2.97) μmol/l. Retinol levels in the female population were significantly lower than in the male population (1.85 vs 2.27 μmol/l, p<0.0001). Women in group 1 compared with group 4 showed significantly higher levels of thyrotropin (2.33 vs 1.40 μIU/ml, p=0.0002) and thyroxin (109.8 vs 99.4 nmol/l, p=0.010), while the ITI values, on the contrary, were the lowest (8.12 and 13.85 c.u., p=0.0002). The relative risk calculation showed that vitamin A levels below 1.39 μmol/L increase the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in women by 2.01 times [95% confidence interval 1.07-3.78]. Men in group 4 compared with group 1 showed a lower content of thyroxin (83.0 vs 109.2 nmol/l, p=0.009) against the background of higher IPC values (0.019 vs 0.016 c.u., p=0.046). <b>Conclusion</b>. In the inhabitants of the Arctic, the content of vitamin A is within the reference values, however, in 24.3% of men, its level is above the norm. In women, the concentration of retinol is significantly lower, and its level of less than 1.39 μmol/l increases the risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism by 2.0 times. Increased values of vitamin A in the inhabitants of the North cause lower levels of thyroxine and an increase in the peripheral conversion of iodothyronines, which is more pronounced in men.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 4","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41164104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Medical and social assessment of the quality of life of a family with a child suffering from food allergy].","authors":"M M Fedotova, Z A Naumov, V D Prokopyeva, U V Kutas, M S Sofronova, D V Kozyritskaya, E M Kamaltynova, O S Fedorova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-6-54-63","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-6-54-63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food allergy (FA) is a health problem that adversely affect the quality of life of children and their family members. <b>The purpose</b> of the study was to assess the quality of life in families with children affected FA. <b>Material and methods</b>. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a group of 75 children with a confirmed FA (at the age of Me 4.9 years [1.3; 7.1]). One of the caregivers of the child was asked to complete the Russian version of a specialized questionnaire «The Food hypersensitivity famiLy ImPact, FLIP» for assessing the life quality of families with children affected FA. <b>Results</b>. Diet organization is the main concern affecting quality of life, while the daily life of the family and the emotional sphere are less impacted. Age, type of food allergens and clinical manifestations do not significantly contribute the life quality indicators. Hypersensitivity to several food is statistically associated with changes in everyday life and emotions. Non-compliance with the diet is associated with a lower impact of FA on quality of life. 56% of respondents worried about the nutritional value of child's diet and 49.3% of caregivers reported that a child's FA significantly impacted grocery shopping behaviors (reading labels, etc.). At the same time, 73.3% noted that child's FA does not affect the diet of other family members. Also, 33.3% of the parents experienced anxiety due to child's FA and 38.7% are worried that FA might stay persistent. 30.7% of respondents are afraid of accidental consuming of allergenic products. <b>Conclusion</b>. The acquired results indicate the importance of quality of life assessment for understanding the social aspects of FA. Strategies to improve the quality of life include the development of informational and educational programs both for parents and patients. In order to estimate impact of FA to life quality from the patient's perspective further development of questionnaires adapted for children and adolescents is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 6","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Determination of toxic element concentrations in flour and cereal products by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma].","authors":"N V Zaitseva,&nbsp;T S Ulanova,&nbsp;K O Gileva,&nbsp;G A Veikhman,&nbsp;E V Stenno,&nbsp;A V Nedoshitova,&nbsp;M V Volkova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-1-45-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-1-45-54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic control and monitoring in the sphere of providing sanitary epidemiological welfare of population require routine procedures for determining toxic elements in variable foodstuffs. Their development is a pressing issue. Our research <b>goal</b> was to develop a procedure for determining concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, aluminum and strontium in flour and cereal products by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. <b>Material and methods</b>. The most relevant calibration parameters for an Agilent 7900 mass spectrometer with octopole collision/ reaction cell and conditions for sample preparation by microwave digestion have been established; calibration characteristics and a range of determined concentrations have been identified. The limits of detections (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) for 6 analyzed elements have been calculated. <b>Results</b>. Our procedure for determining mass concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, aluminum and strontium in flour and cereal products by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma has yielded the following results: when analyzing a sample weighing 0.5 g, we determine cadmium concentration within a range from 0.0008 to 70.0 mg/kg with inaccuracy from 14 to 25%; arsenic concentration within a range from 0.002 to 70 mg/kg with inaccuracy varying from 11 to 26%; mercury concentration from 0.003 to 7.0 mg/kg with inaccuracy from 15 to 25%; lead concentration from 0.01 to 70.0 mg/kg with inaccuracy from 12 to 26%; aluminum concentration from 0.2 to 70.0 mg/kg with inaccuracy from 13 to 20%; strontium concentration from 0.02 to 70 mg/kg with inaccuracy from 12 to 20%. The procedure was tested on samples of rice groats with the focus on the most popular brands. Thus, arsenic was detected in a concentration equal to 0.163 mg/kg in round-grain rice and 0.098 mg/kg in parboiled rice, which does not exceed the permissible level fixed for the element at 0.2 mg/kg. In all the analyzed samples, content of cadmium, lead and mercury did not exceed maximum permissible levels established by the Technical regulation of the Customs Union TR CU 021/2011 for flour and cereal products. These levels are 0.1 mg/kg for cadmium, 0.5 mg/kg for lead and 0.03 mg/kg for mercury. <b>Conclusion</b>. The developed procedure for determining toxic elements in flour, cereals and bakery products by using mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma gives an opportunity to determine such elements in quantities lower than permissible levels fixed for them in technical regulations and sanitary rules. The procedure expands the existing methodical instruments for control of food quality in the Russian Federation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 1","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9434168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Polyphenols as promising bioactive compounds].","authors":"T N Bobrysheva,&nbsp;G S Anisimov,&nbsp;M S Zolotoreva,&nbsp;D V Bobryshev,&nbsp;R O Budkevich,&nbsp;A A Moskalev","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-1-92-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-1-92-107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyphenols are diverse and widespread bioactive plant-based compounds. These compounds are found in various foods such as berries, fruits, vegetables, cereals, nuts, coffee, cacao, spices, seeds. They are divided into phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavonoids, lignans depending on their molecular structure. They attract the attention of researchers due to wide range of biological effects on human body. <b>The purpose</b> of this work was to analyze modern scientific publications on the biological effects of polyphenols. <b>Material and methods</b>. The review is based on publications presented in the PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Elsevier, eLIBRARY, Cyberleninka databases using \"polyphenols\", \"flavonoids\", \"resveratrol\", \"quercetin\", \"catechins\" as key words. Preference was given to original researches over the past 10 years published in refereed journals. <b>Results</b>. Oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, microbiome disorders, insulin resistance, excessive protein glycation, and genotoxic effects are at the heart of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including those associated with age. A large amount of material has been accumulated on the antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, epigenetic, metabolic, geroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of polyphenols. This gives reasons to consider polyphenols as very promising micronutrients, which inclusion in the diet can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular, oncological, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, premature aging, that is, the main causes of death, a decrease in the duration and quality of life of a modern person. <b>Conclusion</b>. Expanding the range of products enriched with polyphenols with their high bioavailability is a promising area of scientific research and development of production in order to prevent socially significant age-associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 1","pages":"92-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9136740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}