Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[The effect of phycocyanins from Arthrospira platensis on the efficacy of immunization with an anti-coronavirus vaccine <i>in vivo</i>].","authors":"V A Shipelin, A V Kholina, A V Zamyatina, V K Mazo, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-118-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-118-130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The creation of food for special dietary use designed to increase the resistance of the human immune system to viral infections is an vital section of modern nutrition science. Phycocyanins (PC) of the Arthrospira platensis food cyanobacterium possess potential immunomodulatory properties. The study of the possibility of using PC as oral immunostimulants and/or immunoadjuvants in vaccination scenarios is of significant interest. <b>The purpose</b> of this research was to study the ability of PC concentrate and PC complex with egg protein (Module) to influence the state of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in laboratory rodents - BALB/c mice on the developed model of attenuated vaccination with Sputnik-V. <b>Material and methods</b>. The experiment involved 34 male BALB/c mice with an initial body weight of 20.0±1.0 g at the age of 4-5 weeks. 5 groups were formed: \"Control\", \"PC-200\", \"PC-420\", \"Module-200\" and \"Module-420\". The PC concentrate and the Module were administered orally daily for 49 days at doses of 200 and 420 mg/kg body weight (in terms of PC). The Sputnik-V vaccine for the prevention of human SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection was administered to all animals on days 29 and 50. When studying the immunoadjuvant potential of PC concentrate and Module on days 49, 57, 64, 141 and 171, IgG levels to SARS-CoV-2 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On days 28, 31 and 51, immunostimulating properties were evaluated by cytometry by means of immunophenotyping blood lymphocytes. At the end of the experiment, integral, hematological, and biochemical (blood serum) parameters were evaluated on day 190. <b>Results</b>. When evaluating the immunoadjuvant properties of PC concentrate and Module on day 64, a significant increase in IgG titers to 1/115 000 and 1/128 000 was observed in Module-200 and Module-420 groups, respectively. In the Module-200 group, on day 141, the concentration of antibodies was almost 2 fold higher than the control ones. From days 141 to 171, increased antibody titers were observed in all experimental groups compared with the control. When studying the immunostimulating properties of the surveyed objects on the 31st day of the experiment, an increase in the number of cytotoxic T-cell subpopulations by 29 and 42%, respectively, was found in the Module-200 and Module- 420 groups. At the end of the experiment, minor shifts in blood biochemical parameters were revealed, there were no changes in hematological parameters; an 11.7% increase in heart mass was found in the Module-420 group. <b>Conclusion</b>. The experiment demonstrated the presence of immunoadjuvant properties in PC concentrate and Module, especially expressed in the Module-200 group. The Module had immunostimulating effect on cell-mediated immunity. The manifestation of the Module effects, in contrast to the PC concentrate, is apparently due to its better stability in the gastrointestinal tract environment. Further studies of the secretory activ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"118-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Nutritional status in patients with visual impairment and frailty].","authors":"A A Trofimova, A M Grjibovski, V V Popov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-5-131-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-5-131-138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Geriatric care for the elderly assesses the patient's status using a comprehensive geriatric assessment, including questionnaires assessing nutritional, psychological and functional status, as well as screening examinations for deficits in sensory systems, including visual deficits. Nowadays, there is pure data on how visual deficits affect the development of certain geriatric syndromes in older people. The objectives of the research was to study the relationship between nutritional status and vision organ diseases, as well as mental status indicators assessed by screening methods in elderly patients of senile age.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The medical records with comprehensive geriatric assessment of patients (n=479, average age 80.1±0.2 years) have been studied. The pathology of the visual organ was assessed using standard ophthalmological examination methods necessary to make a diagnosis. To study nutritional status, cognitive impairment and likelihood of depression, a Mini Nutritional Assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale survey were conducted respectively. The degree of frailty was determined by a geriatrician based on a set of geriatric syndromes. Associations between malnutrition and ophthalmic pathology were assessed in univariate analysis and subsequently using multiple logistic regression using odds ratios, both adjusted and unadjusted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included the records of 384 (80.2%) women, 95 (19.8%) men. Malnutrition was detected in 5 (1.0%) cases, the risk of malnutrition was shown in 169 (35.3%) patients without gender differences. The analysis revealed associations between the degree of frailty, age, mild cognitive impairment, depression and malnutrition. According to the results of logistic regression, nutritional problems were 82% more common in patients with glaucoma [OR 1.82, 95% CI (1.21-2.74), p=0.004], taking into account age and gender - 93% more often [OR 1.93, 95 CI (1.26-2.94), p=0.002]; 84% more likely in patients with secondary retinopathy (including diabetic) [OR 1.84, 95% CI (1.07-3.16), p=0.027], taking into account age and gender - 93% more often [OR 1.93, 95% CI (1.11-3.38), p=0.021].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants with malnutrition and visual deficits are more likely to experience cognitive impairment, depression and frailty. Secondary retinopathy and glaucoma can be used as ophthalmic pathology markers for the diagnosis of other geriatric impairments and this may serve as a basis for changing the routing of an elderly patient with visual pathology. Elderly patients with ophthalmic pathology require special attention in the construction of care management and a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and correction of geriatric syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 5","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145565665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The importance of chrononutrition for human metabolic health].","authors":"A V Esipov, N I Gulyaev, A P Petko, A A Prokhorchik, A V Pogozheva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-6-6-14","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-6-6-14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biorhythms play a huge role in the self-regulation of living systems and in the regulation of their interaction with the environment. Circadian rhythms are the periodicity of internal biological mechanisms that determine the state of metabolic processes, including those related to nutrient and energy consumption (chrononutrition). Chrononutrition is a type of food intake that is based on the chronotype: morning, intermediate, or evening type. The purpose of the study was to analyze and summarize data that characterize the effectiveness of chrononutrition under different dietary regimes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>For the main search of sources over the past 5 years, we used the bibliographic databases of the Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, as well as the non-commercial search engine Google Scholar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review presents the results of studies on the chrononutrition effectiveness under various dietary regimes aimed at correcting excess body weight. A comparative assessment of the effect of low-calorie diets and intermittent fasting on anthropometric parameters and cardiometabolic risks in individuals with overweight and obesity has been conducted. No advantages of intermittent fasting over low-calorie diets have been found. The analysis of the data demonstrated the important role of a dietary pattern that is consistent with circadian rhythms in improving metabolic health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The features of chrononutrition must be taken into account when prescribing any dietary interventions, including low-calorie diets and time-limited eating strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 6","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145991008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the market of specialized foodstuffs for nutrition of athletes of child and youth age].","authors":"I V Kobelkova, O A Vrzhesinskaya, I Yu Tarmayeva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-6-129-150","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-6-129-150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The organization of optimal nutrition, including the use of specialized foodstuffs (SF) and dietary supplements, is an integral part of the medical support system for sports reserve training in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the existing market of SF intended for child athletes, analyze regulatory documents and promising components for the development of new SF formulations for young athletes, taking into account the special needs associated with growth, development and specifics of sports activities. Material and methods. The literature search was performed for the period 2000-2025 using the databases of RSCI, PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, by keywords: «specialized foodstuffs», «child athletes», «adolescent athletes», «nutrition», «food supplements», «sports nutrition market». Results. The global market for «sports nutrition» in 2024 amounted to 21.71 billion US dollars, and by 2032 growth is projected to more than double. At the same time, abroad there is no separate niche for SF intended for child athletes. In the Russian Federation, single SF and dietary supplements for children aged 11 and 14 have been developed, passed the state registration procedure and entered into the «FMBA Form» for athletes of the Olympic reserve. Due to the lack of a regulatory framework for nutritional supplements for child athletes in the Russian Federation, the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union (EAEU) and the Unified Sanitary, Epidemiological, and Hygienic Requirements for Products (Goods) Subject to Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision (Control), applicable to SF for baby food, should be taken into account when developing formulas. In the Russian Federation, in addition to the requirements for essential macronutrients, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, adequate levels of daily intake have been determined for several minor bioactive compounds (BAC) for children aged 7-18 years: carnitine, choline, myo-inositol, flavonoids. This allows these BAS to be introduced into SF for young athletes without additional clinical studies. The main promising components for use in SF formulations for child athletes are various types of protein, carbohydrates, as well as vitamins, minerals and trace elements, minor BAC, for release in various forms: instant drinks and ready-to-drink, bars, cookies, jelly, encapsulated and tablet dietary supplements, etc. Conclusion. Nutrition for youth athletes must address not only the needs of athletes during sports activities but also support growth and development, meeting specific, higher quality and safety requirements. The SF market for child sports nutrition is represented by single products, which determines the broad prospects for the development and release of new products for the medical and biological support in youth sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 6","pages":"129-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of dietary aluminum exposure in disturbances of micronutrient metabolism and expression of metal transporter genes].","authors":"E N Usmanova, D O Karimov, Ya V Valova, D A Smolyankin, R A Daukaev, G R Allayarova, G F Adieva, S R Afonkina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-5-75-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-5-75-84","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The widespread use of aluminum in industry, medicine and everyday life is associated with the risk of its bioaccumulation and toxic effects, including neurotoxicity, trace element metabolism disorders and osteopathy. Cooking and storing food in aluminum cookware, especially with acidic products, promotes metal migration into food matrices. Despite the proven role of aluminum in the induction of oxidative stress and cellular damage, the mechanisms of its influence on the expression of metal transporter genes and subclinical effects remain poorly understood. The aim of the research was to study the effect of oral administration of various doses of aluminum hydroxide on biochemical parameters, gene expression and homeostasis of essential elements in experimental animals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A prospective study was conducted on 40 white outbred rats with an initial body weight of 180-200 g, which received aluminum hydroxide orally at doses of 0, 0.015, 0.15, 1.5, and 15 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 120 days. The content of elements in the kidneys, liver, brain, and blood was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase in blood serum was measured using test kits on a semi-automated biochemical analyzer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study revealed a dose-dependent effect of oral administration of aluminum hydroxide on the rats' organism, simulating alimentary intake. Aluminum accumulation was found mainly in the brain and blood, which confirms its neurotropic properties. Violation of element homeostasis was characterized by a two-phase change in calcium levels: its increase in the liver and kidneys under the influence of low doses and a decrease in blood under the influence of high doses. In addition, an imbalance of magnesium (increased level in the brain) and iron (increased concentration in the blood) was observed. The expression of metal transporter genes (ZIP8, Mt1a, Mt2a) was activated even at minimal doses of aluminum hydroxide, which indicates their role in adaptation to toxic effects. Traditional biochemical markers (AST, ALT) did not show significant changes, in contrast to LDH, the activity of which increased at high oral doses of aluminum hydroxide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Regular intake of aluminum with food can lead to its bioaccumulation, especially in the nervous tissue, and provoke subclinical disturbances in the homeostasis of minerals and trace elements, oxidative stress and cellular adaptive responses. The identified changes in gene expression (ZIP8, Mt1a, Mt2a) are proposed as early biomarkers of toxic effects. The findings highlight the need for stricter control over the use of aluminum-containing materials in the food industry and the development of preventive strategies fo","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 5","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Genetics of lactase deficiency in Russia].","authors":"E V Kovalenko, E O Vergasova, O O Shoshina, M S Sheludchenko, I V Popov, A A Kim, N A Plotnikov, A S Rakitko, O I Volokh","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-38-51","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-38-51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to digest lactose in adulthood is caused by a genetic mutation that emerged following the domestication of cattle approximately 10 000 years ago. However, many adults retain primary lactase deficiency - the ancestral phenotype characterized by a decline in lactase enzyme activity after weaning. While the global prevalence of this condition is well-documented, reliable large-scale population data for Russia have been lacking so far. Microarray genotyping of genetic markers now enables high-quality, up-to-date research covering representative samples from diverse ethnic groups across Russia's regions. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to compare the frequency of GG genotype in rs4988235 (13910 C/T) in the regulatory region (MCM6) of the lactase enzyme gene LCT, which determines the genetic risk of lactase insufficiency manifestation, in populations living in Russia and evaluate the differences between Russian regions. <b>Methods</b>. The largest multi-ethnic genetic study on lactase deficiency in Russia was conducted on a sample of 24,439 individuals in 56 populations. The percentage of an individual belonging to each ethnic group was estimated by calculating the ancestral contribution to an individual's genetic makeup. In addition, we calculated the frequency of the rs4988235 GG genotype in regions of Russia using information on the individual's current location and place of birth. <b>Results</b>. The prevalence of lactase deficiency by GG genotype rs4988235 in the Russian population was 45.2 and 42.8% (95% confidence interval 42.1-43.4) in the East Slavs group. The study revealed a significant variability (22.8-83.2%) in the regional prevalence of lactase deficiency by GG rs4988235 genotype. The dependence of the regional prevalence of lactase deficiency on the current place of residence is supported by the geographical features of the Russian territory and the history of pastoralism in different regions. <b>Conclusion</b>. The findings may be useful for developing regional nutrition recommendations and optimising the Russian market for lactose-free and low-lactose products, and justify the importance of genetic testing for diagnosis, highlighting the interdisciplinary relevance of the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"38-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Everything for the front, everything for Victory: food at the front and in the rear (dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Great Victory and the 95th anniversary of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety)].","authors":"V A Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-6-17","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-6-17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This year, the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety (formerly the Institute of Nutrition) celebrates its 95th anniversary. All these years, its main focus has been on the quality and safety of food, which affects our health to the greatest extent of all environmental factors. Nutrition was of great importance during the Great Patriotic War. The Institute of Nutrition contributed to its development and organization at the front and in the rear. Currently, the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety continues to deal with nutrition aspects for special contingents (military personnel, astronauts, etc.), as well as the search for noval food sources, nutrition epidemiology, the development of foods for special dietary uses for various population groups, etc.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 3","pages":"6-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Safety assessment of novel food raw materials derived from insects <i>(Hermetia illucens)</i>: results of complex biomedical research].","authors":"N V Tyshko, S I Shestakova, N S Nikitin, M D Trebukh, E O Sadykova, A A Stankevich, O K Mustafina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-48-58","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-48-58","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The trend towards the use of non-traditional sources of food raw materials, in particular edible insects, which has been gaining momentum in recent years, predetermines the need to develop a methodology for research on such products. Analysis of publications devoted to the problem of insect research reflects the accumulation of a very significant evidence base for their safety. Currently, 7 types of insect-derived products have been approved for food use in the European Union, and the results summarized in the materials of the European Food Safety Authority for each of them also indicate the safety of such products. Based on the considerable experience of the Russian Federation in the field of safety assessment of novel food, the design of complex toxicological studies was developed, including the study of reproductive function, pre- and postnatal development of offspring, to assess the safety of larvae of the Black soldier fly (Hermetia Illucens), included in the list of agricultural products by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 10.10.2023 No. 2761-r. &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of the research was to assess the safety of Black soldier fly (Hermetia Illucens) larvae dry biomass in toxicological and reprotoxicological studies on 4 generations of rats. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. Comprehensive studies of Black soldier fly larvae dry biomass were conducted on 4 generations of Wistar rats (generations F0, F1, F2, F3). A total of 650 adult animals, 1975 pups and 1146 fetuses were used, the experiment duration was 485 days. Throughout the experiment animals of the control group F0-F3 received semi-synthetic casein diet (SCD), rats of the test group received SCD with dry biomass of Black soldier fly larvae. The biomass dose was 11 000-40 000 mg/kg body weight per day depending on age and sex. Ingredients of the diet of the test group were replaced taking into consideration the content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the administered product while observing the principle of isocalorie content. Reproductive function was evaluated by fertility of males and females F0, F1, F2, and by prenatal and postnatal development of offspring F1, F2, F3. Material for toxicological studies was taken on the 225th, 347th and 485th days of the experiment from males of F1, F2, F3 generations (age 143, 135 and 130 days, respectively), which received the investigated product throughout the whole period of ontogenetic development. Hematological, biochemical, morphological studies were carried out, indicators characterizing antioxidant status and apoptosis activity were studied. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. The general condition of F0-F3 rats was satisfactory, the animals of the test group did not differ from the control in appearance, quality of hair coat and behavior. The efficiency of mating, physiological course of pregnancy, blood level of sex hormones in the pregnant females F0-F2 of both groups were within normal limits, indicating normal generative a","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 3","pages":"48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of biomarkers of intestinal permeability and inflammation in food allergies].","authors":"V A Revyakina, V A Mukhortykh, T N Korotkova, I A Larkova, I V Vorozhko, E D Kuvshinova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-68-75","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-68-75","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The digestive tract performs an important barrier function, protecting the internal environment of the organism from excessive intake of various macromolecules, especially of food origin. Despite numerous works devoted to the study of the mechanisms of development of food allergy (FA), many aspects of its pathogenesis require further interpretation and research. This is necessary for the introduction of effective diagnostic methods and new therapies. The purpose of the research was to determine the diagnostic and pathogenetic significance of markers of increased intestinal permeability and inflammation in children with FA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The criteria for inclusion in the research were the age of children from 3 to 7 years old; patients with a diagnosis of FA. 45 children with FA were examined, the clinical marker of which was atopic dermatitis (AtD) associated with underlying disease (AtD + FA). The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy children. The levels of zonulin, calprotectin, eosinophilic neurotoxin and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in coprofiltrates, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE antibodies to food allergens and eosinophilic cationic protein in the blood serum were determined for all children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The examined children with AtD + FA showed high levels of blood total IgE 273.89 [157.2; 597.2] IU/L, hypersensitivity to a number of foods (cow's milk, egg, fish, wheat), eosinophilia (6.90±1.15%). Zonulin levels were increased (p&lt;0.05) in patients with moderate FA compared with mild FA and amounted to 84.3 [67.8; 93.5] and 26.5 [17.5; 62.3] ng/ml, respectively, versus 21.5 [13.2; 30.9] ng/ml in healthy children. The amount of calprotectin in the stool was within the normal range. The sIgA content in feces was reduced in all patients, amounting to 32.3 [1.66; 50.7] μg/g versus 61.4±3.2 μg/g in children from the control group (p&lt;0.05). The amount of eosinophilic neurotoxin in feces (1025.65 [327.96; 1739.54] ng/g) and eosinophilic cationic protein in blood serum (35.23 [30.12; 39.78] ng/ml) was increased, unlike in children of the control group (610.4 [300.25; 1101.97] ng/g and 29.67 [25.43; 32.75] ng/ml respectively, p&lt;0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study revealed the signs of increased intestinal permeability, eosinophilic inflammation, and impaired mucosal immunity in children with AtD + FA. Patients with moderate disease severity showed increased intestinal barrier permeability, as evidenced by high levels of zonulin in coprofiltrates, as well as activation of eosinophilic inflammation, as indicated by elevated levels of eosinophilic neurotoxin and cationic protein. In addition, a decrease in mucosal immunity was detected, as evidenced by low values of secretory IgA, which indicates a disruption of the barrier function of the gastrointestinal mucosa. These findings suggest an important role of intestinal permeability and eosinophilic i","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 4","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the body composition of patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism].","authors":"O V Sazonova, M Yu Gavryushin, R V Hamtsova, S S Manakhova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-76-85","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-76-85","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, associated with the global obesity pandemic, makes modern healthcare necessary to improve diagnostic tools aimed at early detection and further evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. Bioimpedance is a modern diagnostic tool in dietetics and endocrinology. Differences in body composition, as well as the accumulation of fat mass in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism, become an urgent issue to study. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the body composition of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and insulin resistance (IR).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The analysis of medical records of 1003 patients who received individual consultations from a dietitian and an endocrinologist at the bases of medical, preventive and diagnostic organizations in Samara has been carried out. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the disease history: with diagnosed DM2 (288 people); with clinically established IR (319 people) and without carbohydrate metabolism disorders (396 people). The data of the morbidity history and the results of bioimpedance have been analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A significant difference in the component composition between patients with DM2, insulin resistance and without impaired carbohydrate metabolism was revealed in all parameters, except for active cellular and musculo-skeletal mass in kilograms and basal metabolism in women and except for the percentage of fat mass in men. DM2 patients were found to have the highest median values of body weight and body mass index (BMI), fat mass, total body water, and the lowest values of active cellular and skeletal muscle mass relative to lean body mass, as well as the current metabolic rate (specific basal metabolic rate and phase angle). The results of the component composition in patients of different sexes had a statistically significant difference (p&lt;0.001) in patients with IR and DM2 for all indicators except body fat mass in kilograms and BMI. At the same time, in the group of patients without carbohydrate metabolism disorders, statistically significant differences were not found for any of the indicators, except for the phase angle and fat mass in kilograms, which may indicate the presence of certain gender-specific characteristics of the influence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders on the component composition of the body. Significant differences in fat mass and proportion of fat mass were found for patients with and without carbohydrate metabolism disorders depending on the body mass index. There were also significant differences in fat mass and the fat mass available for patients with and without impaired carbohydrate metabolism, depending on BMI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Bioelectrical impedance analysis as a method of analyzing the body structure and ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 4","pages":"76-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}