Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[The influence of yeast β-glucans on the assimilation of vitamins and mineral elements in rats].","authors":"V M Kodentsova, N A Beketova, O A Vrzhesinskaya, O V Kosheleva, G V Guseva, V A Zotov, S N Leonenko, N V Zhilinskaya","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-117-131","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-117-131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the use of yeast β-glucans in food and dietary supplements, there is insufficient data on their effect on the metabolism of vitamins and mineral elements. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to evaluate the effect of β-glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the diet of growing rats on the absorption of micronutrients in animals deficient in vitamins D, group B and trace elements (iron, copper, zinc). <b>Material and methods</b>. Micronutrient deficiency in male Wistar rats (initial body weight 61.6±0.8 g) was induced for 24 days by decreasing the content of vitamin D and all B vitamins in the vitamin mixture of the semi-synthetic diet by 5 times and the content of iron, copper and zinc in the mineral mixture by 2 times. After confirming the development of micronutrient deficiency in the animals, the missing vitamins and trace elements were added to the deficient diet for 5 days either along with β-glucan diet enrichment (1.5%) (+Vit+Met+βG) or without it addition (+Vit+Met). Vitamins B1 and B2 in the liver, riboflavin in the blood serum, thiamine, riboflavin and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) in the urine collected for 18 hours were determined fluorimetrically; retinol, retinol palmitate, α-tocopherol in blood serum and liver - by high-performance liquid chromatography; minerals and trace elements in liver, serum and urine - by atomic absorption spectrometry or by standard methods on a biochemical analyzer. <b>Results</b>. A deficient diet for 24 days resulted in a decrease of B-vitamin status markers: riboflavin decreased in urine by 17.8- fold, in serum by 27.3% and in liver by 7.8%, vitamin B1 in liver by 3-fold, 4-PA in urine reduced by 2.8-fold (p<0.05). Urinary excretion of copper diminished by 25.7%, while the liver content of vitamin A increased by 44% and manganese by 19.2% (p<0.05). Replenishment of missing micronutrients in the diet, regardless of β-glucans presence, completely eliminated the deficiency of vitamin B2, while in the presence of the polysaccharide, rats of the +Vit+Met+βG group showed a statistically significant increase in vitamin B2 liver content by 7.5% (p<0.05) relative to the control, with an increased excretion of riboflavin by 19.1% (p<0.10) compared to excretion in +Vit+Met rats. Vitamin B1 liver level in animals of +Vit+Met and +Vit+Met+βG groups didn't completely restore to the control level but it was higher by 14.5% (p<0.05) in the presence of β-glucans. Urinary excretion of thiamine and 4-PA in rats fed β-glucan enriched diet reached the level of the control rats, while in rats from +Vit+Met group it amounted to 60.8-69.2% of the control. The diet with β-glucans caused a decrease in vitamin E liver content by 36.2% (p<0.05) compared to the level in +Vit+Met animals. Urinary excretion of iron and copper in the absence of β-glucans did not fully recover (amounting to 60.9-74.0% of the control), while in their presence it no longer differed from the value in animals of the control group. Zinc excretion in a","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Microbiological and parasitological risk analysis of novel food sources obtained with the use of insects].","authors":"N V Tyshko, K A Timoshenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3-41-49","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-3-41-49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The problem of food safety being an important component of the country's food security, provides not only for continuous improvement of the methodology of hygienic standardization, but also for the formation of requirements for novel food, in particular, those obtained from non-traditional sources. The accumulated practical and theoretical competence in the food hygiene area, as well as knowledge of current trends of the food base broadening, allow us to analyze the risks associated with novel food obtained of insects. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to analyze the microbiological and parasitological risk of novel food sources obtained with the use of insects, suggest the effective risk management measures. <b>Material and methods</b>. The analytical part of the work included literature search, collection of information and statistical materials published in domestic and foreign scientific editions. The search was carried out using the Google Academy retrieval system and electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY), mainly in the last 25 years, using the keywords: Hermetia illucens, Tenebrio molitor, Acheta domesticus, insects, parasite, nematode, pathogen, cysts. <b>Results</b>. Based on the published materials' analysis, a systematization of microbiological and parasitological factors potentially capable of colonizing edible insects has been carried out. There were identified representatives of 24 groups of pathogenic and 18 opportunistic microorganisms and helminths related to microbial and parasitic pathogens, the spread of which is significantly influenced by inappropriate conditions of feeding and keeping insects. As there are currently no veterinary requirements for insect breeding and farming conditions, contamination of end products with infectious and parasitic pathogens can vary over a very wide range. <b>Conclusion</b>. The use of native insect biomass carries certain risks associated with its microbial and parasitic contamination, and the development of measures to prevent them requires significant resources. The possibility of deep processing of such raw materials can be considered as one of the solutions to mitigate these risks. For use in the food industry, insects should be subjected to processing similar to that currently used for soybean seeds, which includes separation of protein (entomoprotein), fat and chitin fractions, each of which would have an independent use. Thus, at present, insects should be considered as a source of novel food ingredients, first of all, complete protein of animal origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 3","pages":"41-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Protective effect of soy proteins under excessive amount of fats in the diet of rats].","authors":"G T Ivanova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-25-34","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-25-34","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Excessive fat intake causes the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). Our studies have shown that soy proteins in the diet improve vascular reactivity in rats with a high-salt dietary load and renal dysfunction. We hypothesized that the introduction of soy proteins into a high-fat diet (HFD) can prevent or reduce vascular dysfunction. &lt;b&gt;The aim&lt;/b&gt; of the study was to test the hypothesis about the possible protective effect of soy protein isolate on endothelium-dependent dilation of the mesenteric arteries of male Wistar rats receiving an excess amount of fat in the diet. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. The study used 3 groups of 20 rats, weighing 220-240 g. The HFD group received a diet containing 50% fat (by calorie value) and 20% casein, HFD + Soy group received a diet containing 50% fat and 20% soy isolate SUPRO-760, the control group - a standard casein diet. After 8 weeks, the responses of mesenteric arteries precontracted with phenylephrine to acetylcholine (ACh) were studied in the absence and with the use of NO synthase (L-NAME), cyclooxygenase (indomethacin), BKCa and Kv channel (tetraethylammonium) blockers, using microphoto- and video recording of the vessel diameter in vivo. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. Compared with the standard diet, visceral fat mass increased by 54.6% in rats fed HFD and by 25.9% in rats fed HFD + Soy (p&lt;0.01). In the HFD + Soy group, the increase in blood pressure was less than in the HFD group (p&lt;0.01). Consumption of HFD + Soy prevented disorders typical of HFD, reducing glycemia and insulin resistance, normalizing lipid metabolism (p&lt;0.05). Evaluation of the functional state of the mesenteric arteries (in vivo) showed that in the HFD + Soy group the amplitude of dilation on ACh remained close to the control group, whereas in the HFD group the suppression of ACh-induced relaxation was observed (by 19.8% (p&lt;0.01). After blockade of NO synthase by incubation with L-NAME the magnitude of vasodilation on ACh decreased (p&lt;0.001) in the HFD group by 47.0±7.4%, in the HFD + Soy group - by 68.2±6.6% and in the control group - by 68.9±5.6%. After incubation with L-NAME, indomethacin and tetraethylammonium, the amplitude of dilation on ACh in rats of the HFD and HFD + Soy groups was 1.5 fold greater (p&lt;0.05) than in the control. The relaxation amplitude to sodium nitroprusside did not differ between the groups. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;. The introduction of soy proteins into a HFD prevents the development of impairs characteristic of MS: it reduces visceral obesity, improves the state of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and has a hypotensive effect. The protective effect of soy proteins on vascular reactivity in rats with excessive fat consumption was confirmed: the introduction of soy protein isolate into the diet leads to the prevention of endothelial dysfunction characteristic of HFD, preventing the disruption of NO-dependent vasodilation mechanisms. It is assumed that the positive effect of soy on vascular reactivity is mediated","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 5","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the properties of Komagataella phaffii CF-st401, a genetically modified producer of the sweet protein brazzein by using in silico methods].","authors":"Z G Gureu, O V Bagryantseva, D S Novikova, S A Khotimchenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-65-73","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-65-73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, in order to reduce the consumption of mono- and disaccharides in diets, sweeteners are widely used. At the same time, none of the sweeteners approved for food industry usage matches the organoleptic properties of natural sugars. This circumstance was the basis for the development of technology for producing a new type of food ingredient with a sweet taste - brazzein using the producer strain Komagataella phaffii CF-st401. <b>The purpose</b> of the study was the application of in silico methods to assess the safety of K. phaffii CF-st401 genetically modified (GM) microorganism, which is the producer of the \"Sweet protein Brazzein\". <b>Material and methods</b>. The research object was the map of K. phaffii CF-st401 plasmid obtained by Biryuch LLC as a result of sequencing the plasmid of GM strain K. phaffii CF-st401, including: a synthetic nucleotide sequence similar to the sequence encoding the brazzein protein in the plant (Pentadiplandra brazzeana) and optimized for expression in the DNA of the recipient strain; the nucleotide sequence of plasmid M4794 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a linear fragment of the flanking DNA regions from K. phaffii used for integration into the genome of the recipient strain K. phaffii YIB Δleu2 VKPM Y-476, as well as amino acid sequence data of recombinant brazzein. By using bioinformatics methods (in silico), we investigated the DNA structure of the vector sequence of K. phaffii CF-st401, including the presence of operons responsible for toxin production, antibiotic resistance, and allergenicity. <b>Results</b>. As a result of the studies of K. phaffii CF-st401 vector plasmid, introduced into K. phaffii YIB Δleu2 VKPM Y-4761, it was shown that its regions responsible for the structure of the \"Sweet protein Brazzein\" coincide by more than 70% with elements of the brazzein P56552 reference protein from the plant P. brazzeana. The absence of selective markers and allergenicity in the vector plasmid was confirmed. <b>Conclusion</b>. The analysis of the structure of the DNA vector sequence of the K. phaffii CF-st401 GM strain confirmed the feasibility of using bioinformatics methods to predict the properties of technological microorganisms when assessing their safety for consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 4","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of low doses of active chlorine on commensal populations of intestinal bacteria in rats by oral ingestion].","authors":"Yu V Smotrina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-49-57","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-4-49-57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorine-containing substances are widely used as disinfectants for treating equipment surfaces and technological aids for antimicrobial treatment of a number of foodstuff in the food industry. The toxic and bactericidal effects of the active (free) chlorine they contain are well understood for the concentrations used in practice, whereas little is known about the effect of its residual (subinhibitory) amounts on the organism and on the microbiota, including the ability to induce antimicrobial resistance. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to investigate the effect of different doses of active chlorine at oral administration on the commensal bacteria of intestinal microbiota, body weight gain and micromorphological features of the liver in rats. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats, with an initial body weight of 90-100 g, which for 4 weeks received doses of active chlorine together with drinking water ad libitum, with the given concentration: subinhibitory (10 mg/L), threshold (50 mg/L) and aggravated (100 mg/L). Chloramine was used as a chlorinecontaining agent stable in aqueous solution. Body weight gain was monitored daily. After decapitation, the caecum was taken for microbiota examination as well as the liver. The phenotypic antimicrobial resistance characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci were studied by the disk diffusion method. Additionally, a micromorphologic study of liver slices was performed. <b>Results</b>. Insignificant negative deviations in the body weight gain of rats in the experimental groups receiving subinhibitory doses of active chlorine, combined with a reduced level of Enterococci and Enterobacteriaceae representatives, were revealed. No significant effect of chlorine on the levels of resistant Escherichia coli populations was found, but a tendency to exhibit antimicrobial resistance of Enterococci isolated from rats receiving low doses of active chlorine (10 and 50 mg/l) was detected. No signs of toxic effect on the liver tissue most sensitive to chlorine were detected, but some accumulations of inflammatory cells in the liver slice were revealed. <b>Conclusion</b>. Low doses of chlorine-containing substances at their oral consumption are not indifferent for rats' organism, causing negative phenomena in intestinal bacteria and in liver tissues at the level of tendency. It is expedient to continue studies in this direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 4","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the development of obesity. Modulation of enzyme activity by high fat diet and dietary fiber].","authors":"E A Efimtseva, T I Chelpanova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-44-60","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-44-60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interest to the tissue-specific intestinal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has increased in recent years due to eating disorders that have led to widespread obesity and diet-related diseases. Obesity is considered as an inflammation of low intensity, which is accompanied by the manifestation of various metabolic complications and a disturbance of intestinal homeostasis. IAP is one of the participants in the mechanism of the macroorganism protection against inflammatory and infectious processes, carrying out enzymatic detoxification of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (the trigger of the inflammatory process). Deficiency of IAP activity contributes to the risk of obesity, inflammatory diseases. <b>The objective</b> of the research was to summarize the current understanding of the role of IAP involved in the molecular mechanism of diet-induced obesity and to evaluate the impact of dietary components - fats and dietary fiber on IAP activity. <b>Material and methods</b>. A literature search on the role of IAP in the development of obesity was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, RSCI databases. <b>Results</b>. IAP prevents the development of the inflammatory process by participating in the detoxification of toxic bacterial products, limiting the translocation of pathogenic bacteria from the intestine to various tissues and organs of the macroorganism. The enzyme maintains the integrity of the intestinal barrier, influencing the synthesis and proper localization of tight junction's proteins between intestinal epithelial cells, promotes changes in the composition of the microbiota, decreasing pathogenic bacteria and increasing the population of the community of beneficial microorganisms. IAP is involved in the regulation of fatty acid absorption and influences on the adipogenesis. Monitoring the activity of IAP present in human stool can predict the early development of such complications associated with obesity as metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, Some nutrients modulate IAP activity. Depending on the amount, type, composition of fats and the duration of their consumption, either an increase or decrease in the IAP activity are observed, while dietary fibers stimulate the activity of the enzyme. <b>Conclusion</b>. IAP activity can be considered as an early predictor of the risk of obesity. Deficiency of IAP activity contributes to the development of obesity caused by high-fat diet. The high activity of the enzyme contributes to the support of intestinal homeostasis and limits transepithelial movement of bacteria, weakening the inflammatory process induced by lipopolysaccharides, the excess concentration of which is detected in obesity. Stimulating enzyme activity through dietary intervention reduces the risk of obesity and metabolic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 1","pages":"44-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of microbiota and flavonoids in maintaining the balance of helper and regulatory T-lymphocytes associated with the intestinal immune barrier].","authors":"S I Pavlova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-22-32","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-22-32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gastrointestinal tract is a barrier, represented by dynamic and mutually regulating components (microbial, chemical, physical and immune) for the selective penetration of luminal contents into the internal environment. From the point of view of immunologists, even in a physiological condition, the epithelium of the intestinal wall is in a state of mild inflammation, which is explained by the constant invasion of antigens (food, microbial) and, in turn, the constant readiness of the immune system to respond. <b>The purpose</b> of this review was to analyze information about the formation of microbial and immunological barriers, immunological tolerance to microbiota and the possible role of flavonoids in this. <b>Material and methods</b>. The literature search was carried out using PubMed, ResearchGate, Elibrary databases mainly for the last 10 years, using the following keywords: flavonoid, gut microbiome/microbiota, Th17, Treg, RORγt, immunity, segmented filamentous bacteria. <b>Results</b>. During the immune response, a significant role in maintaining the intestinal barrier function is assigned to helper T lymphocytes type 17 (Th17). The intestinal microbiome is a key element in the formation of the immune barrier. Th17 differentiation in the intestine is fully triggered by commensals (apparently, the main role belongs to segmented filamentous bacteria) after weaning and the start of complementary feeding. Pro-inflammatory Th17 effectors in the gut are controlled by anti-inflammatory regulatory T-cells (Treg). In recent years, it has been established that despite the opposing functions of regulatory cells and effector Th17 cells, their differentiation is similar and is characterized by the expression of the common transcription factor RORγt. The main part of the peripheral regulatory lymphocytes of the intestine is a population that stably expresses not only FOXP3, but also RORγt. Flavonoids, which are plant secondary metabolites of the polyphenolic structure, are able to inhibit intracellular kinases and, as a result, influence the activation and implementation of effector functions of immunocompetent cells. Some flavonoids promote RORγt expression and appear to be able to reprogram the effector phenotype of Th17 cells, reducing their pathogenicity. <b>Conclusion</b>. Understanding the interactions between the microbiota, immune cells, and factors involved in their regulation, which are critical for the maintenance of tolerance, may facilitate progress in the prevention and therapeutic approaches to treat immunoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 1","pages":"22-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Alternaria toxins in tomato products marketed in the Russian Federation].","authors":"I B Sedova, Z A Chalyy, U V Ivanova, V A Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-103-111","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-103-111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tomatoes and tomato products are widely produced and consumed throughout the world. Alternaria spp. are the main cause of alternariosis (black mold disease) on fresh tomatoes, both in the field and after harvesting. Alternaria toxins are widespread contaminants of tomato products. <b>The aim</b> of the present study was to evaluate the contamination of tomato processing products from the domestic market with Alternaria toxins, as well as to assess their intake by humans through the consumption of tomato juices. <b>Material and methods</b>. The content of Alternaria toxins (alternatiol, alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, tentoxin, tenuazonic acid) was determined in 64 samples of tomato products (paste, ketchup, juice) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS). <b>Results</b>. The priority Alternaria toxins for tomato paste, ketchup and juice were tenuazonic acid (61% of 64 samples, in amounts from 20.0 to 1065.5 μg/kg), altenuene (52%, 8.9-200.1 μg/kg) and alternariol (27%, 12.2-561.6 μg/kg). Samples of tomato paste turned out to be the most contaminated with Alternaria toxins while tomato juice samples were the least contaminated. At the same time, several toxins were found in 91% of tomato paste samples, 35% of ketchups, and 23% of tomato juices. <b>Conclusion</b>. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first survey devoted to Alternaria toxins contamination of tomato paste, ketchup and tomato juice sold on the Russian market. The high frequency of their contamination with tenuazonic acid, altenuene and, to a lesser extent, alternariol has been established, which indicates a potential risk to human health when tomato processing products are consumed. This indicates the need for a hygienic assessment of contamination the above products with tenuazonic acid, altenuene and alternariol. When calculating the potential intake of Alternaria toxins for different age population groups, it was shown that high levels of alternariol (up to 56.77 ng/kg body weight per day) could be obtained under daily consumption of tomato juice by adults and children under three years of age, as well as tenuazonic acid when consuming tomato juice contaminated at the 95th percentile level as part of the diet in organized groups for orphans and children without parental care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 1","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Key challenges in the dietary intake structure and cutting edge technologies for optimizing nutrition to protect the health of the Russian рopulation].","authors":"V A Tutelyan, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-6-21","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-6-21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents an analysis of some of the results of the work of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology (Center) in recent years, highlighting the most important, promising areas of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene that need further development. The priority area of Center functioning is scientific support for the implementation of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 21, 2020 No. 20), Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 21, 2020 No. 474 «On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 «in terms of ensuring an increase in life expectancy and improving the life quality of the population, the Strategy for Improving the Quality of Food Products in the Russian Federation until 2030 (Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 29, 2016 No. 1364-r). The Center coordinates all research on medical nutrition problems in the Russian Federation within the framework of the work of the Problem Commission on Nutrition Hygiene of the Scientific Council of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on Medical Nutrition Problems, the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Comprehensive Scientific Program «Priority Research in the Field of Nutrition of the Population», Profile Commission on Dietetics of the Expert Council in the Field of Health of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, ensuring the implementation of their results with the participation of members of the Consortium \"Healthcare, Nutrition, Demography\". The most important area of the Center's work is scientific and expert support in the field of international and national technical regulation of the production and turnover of foods and raw materials, in particular, the work of the Russian national contact point of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (established by FAO and WHO), as well as the work of the Russian side in the Eurasian Economic Commission regarding the preparation of proposals for technical regulations of the Customs Union in the field of food safety, evaluation of draft technical regulations and amendments and additions to them.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 1","pages":"6-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Physiological and biochemical <i>in vivo</i> study of polyphenols and 20-hydroxyecdisone from quinoa grains effect on resistance to physical exercise in Wistar rats].","authors":"V A Shipelin, N A Biryulina, Yu S Sidorova, N A Petrov, S N Zorin, V K Mazo, V V Bessonov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-80-91","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-1-80-91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing the ability of the human body to adapt to physical stress is relevant from the standpoint of using foods for special uses containing functional food ingredients (FFI) with effectiveness proven in vivo. <b>The purpose</b> of this study was to evaluate the effect of FFI from Chenopodium quinoa grains with a high content of polyphenols and phytoecdysteroids on the physical endurance of male Wistar rats. <b>Material and methods</b>. The experiment was carried out during 36 days using 50 weaned male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12): Control, Run and Run-FFI. Rats of the Control and Run groups received a standard semisynthetic diet during the experiment. Rats of the Run-FFI group received a semi-synthetic diet with the addition of FFI in an amount of 0.055±0.003%, containing phytoecdysteroids (50.4±0.6 mg/g) and polyphenols (212.0±2.0 mg/g). During the experiment, the rats were assessed for their neuromotor function (grip strength of front paws), memory, and behavioral reactions in the \"Elevated Plus Maze\" (EPM), \"Conditioned Passive Avoidance Reflex\" (CPAR) and \"Open Field\" (OF) tests. Once a week, animals from the Run and Run-FFI groups were subjected to moderate physical load on a \"Treadmill\". On the 36th day of the experiment, the animals of these groups were subjected to exhausting physical load. Immediately after running, the animals were placed in metabolic cages to collect daily urine. At the end of the experiment, the content of corticosterone, the activity of catalase, indicators of protein, lipid and mineral metabolism, indexes of the liver functional state and antioxidant defense system parameters were analyzed in the blood serum; the level of prostaglandin E2 and dopamine were determined in daily urine. <b>Results</b>. Physiological tests (CRAR, OF) showed that weekly exercise increased anxiety in laboratory animals. The FFI introduction into the diet led to normalization of the assessed parameters (EPM). As a result of 36-day consumption of FFI against the background of physical loads, a significant decrease by 22% in the main stress marker, corticosterone, was revealed in the blood of rats, as well as significant increase by 23% in the stress inhibitor - prostaglandin E2 urinary excretion, compared with animals of the Run group to the level not differed from the indicators of the control animals. There were no differences in endurance performance between the Run and Run-FFI groups on the results of the exhaustive exercise. Consumption of FFI prevented the formation of excess ammonia, significantly reducing the level of urea in the blood and normalizing its excretion to control levels in the urine, which was increased in the Run group by 19%. <b>Conclusion</b>. The results obtained demonstrated the adaptogenic properties of the developed FFI in response to stress caused by weekly moderate and acute exhaustive physical activity. The obtained data on the biological effect of the developed ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 1","pages":"80-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}