Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[Evaluation of quality indicators of gluten-free flour confectionery intended for dietary nutrition].","authors":"Z R Khodyreva, M A Vaytanis, E M Schetinina, O G Vyun, O A Vrzhesinskaya","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-97-105","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-2-97-105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there is an increase in gluten-associated diseases. The range of food for such patients is currently quite limited. In this regard, the development of new gluten-free products, including those popular among consumers of flour confectionery, is relevant. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was to develop a formulation and to evaluate the quality indicators of gluten-free biscuits intended for special dietary uses. <b>Material and methods</b>. To prepare prototypes of gluten-free biscuits, corn flour, green buckwheat, steamed buckwheat and rice flour were used instead of wheat flour of the highest grade, along with unsalted butter, salt, baking soda, and white sugar. The experimental products were evaluated according to organoleptic (on a five-point scale), physical and chemical (mass fraction of moisture, alkalinity, wetness) and sanitarymicrobiological parameters with calculation of nutritional and energy value. <b>Results</b>. When developing gluten-free biscuits for the formation of various flavor profiles, wheat flour was 100% replaced with gluten-free flour: corn, rice, steamed buckwheat and green buckwheat. According to the results of an organoleptic assessment and analysis of physical, chemical, microbiological parameters, biscuits with green buckwheat flour, as well as a mixture of corn and rice flour (1:1) were selected. The calculation of the nutritive value showed that one serving of the product (30 g) allows to cover the daily requirement for protein, fats and carbohydrates by 3.0-5.5%, dietary fiber - by about 3%. Despite the slightly increased content of micronutrients in the developed biscuits, they cannot serve as their significant source. Only biscuits with green buckwheat flour can cover the need for phosphorus, iron and vitamins B1 and PP by 5% or more in 1 serving. <b>Conclusion</b>. The developed biscuits with green buckwheat flour for special dietary uses for people with gluten intolerance can serve a source of such micronutrients as phosphorus, iron, vitamins B1 and PP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 2","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clinical and experimental efficacy of spirulina <i>(Arthrospira platensis)</i>: mechanisms of action and prospects for use as a functional food ingredient].","authors":"E N Trushina, N A Rieger, D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-6-80-89","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-6-80-89","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of chronic diseases, including alimentary ones, characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation and oxidative stress, dictates the need to develop and implement new domestic specialized food with immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. The proven therapeutic potential of spirulina is the basis for its inclusion in food for special dietary uses. The purpose of the study was to analyze and summarize the data characterizing the mechanisms of immune and antioxidant protection involved in the implementation of the clinical effects of spirulina. Material and methods. For the search of sources over the past 7 years, the bibliographic databases RISC, PubMed, Scopus and the non-commercial search engine Google Scholar were used. Results. The review presents research materials devoted to the study of the therapeutic potential of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and its bioactive compounds. One of the most significant effects of Spirulina is its immunomodulatory activity. Studies have shown that regular consumption of Spirulina can enhance both innate and adaptive immunity by increasing the activity of NK cells, macrophages and T lymphocytes. The immunostimulatory effect is manifested in the activation of immunoglobulin production and suppression of genes involved in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. It has been established that Spirulina polysaccharides stimulate the production of cytokines such as interferon-gamma and interleukin- 2, which are crucial for the activation of immune cells and coordination of the immune response. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Spirulina is largely determined by its high content of phycocyanins and carotenoids. Phycocyanins effectively neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppress the expression of inflammation-related genes, such as iNOS, COX-2, TNFA and IL1B, and inhibit the promoter activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase iNOS and the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB. Сonclusion. Thus, there is evidence of the direct influence of Spirulina bioactive compounds on the mechanisms of immunoregulation. In addition, sufficient data has been accumulated indicating that Spirulina possesses anticarcinogenic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties, which confirms the possibility of its use for the prevention and dietary treatment of a number of chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 6","pages":"80-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hygienic assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the Federal Project «Strengthening public health» in terms of forming a commitment to healthy nutrition among the adult population of the Omsk region in 2018-2023].","authors":"Yu V Menshchikova, E A Vilms, D V Turchaninov, O V Kozubenko, A V Brusentsova, M S Turchaninova, T A Yunatskaya, O N Glagoleva, A D Chubarova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-71-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-71-81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Omsk region, which since 2019 has been one of the five pilot regions of Russia for the implementation of measures to promote healthy eating within the framework of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health» of the national project «Demography», experience has been accumulated that potentially allows us to assess the effectiveness of such measures within the framework of medium-term programs at the regional level, which is an urgent task. <b>Objective</b> of the study: hygienic assessment of the effectiveness of measures to form commitment to healthy nutrition among the population of the Omsk region during the implementation of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health». <b>Material and methods</b>. In 2018, a representative sample of the adult population aged 18-85 years (n=241) was formed, quota-based by gender, age, and area of residence; in 2023, a similar sample (n=506) was formed. All subjects were interviewed using a single questionnaire containing socio-demographic data, forms for studying the frequency of food consumption and 24-hour food reproduction, a block of questions concerning the assessment of knowledge and practices in the field of healthy eating and the construction of a daily diet. <b>Results</b>. In 2023, compared to 2018, the proportion of the population with energy consumption above the physiological requirement decreased from 42.7 to 37.2% (p<0.01). The median consumption of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, transisomers of fatty acids decreased significantly, while the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber increased (p≤0.0003). There was a significant increase in the consumption of vitamins B1, C, magnesium, potassium, while the amount of vitamins D, В2, biotin, choline, calcium, and zinc in the diet decreased. An improvement in the level of knowledge and practices of the adult population of the region in the field of healthy nutrition was revealed. <b>Conclusion</b>. The results indicate the successful implementation of measures to form a commitment to healthy nutrition among the adult population of the region within the framework of the federal project «Strengthening Public Health» of the national project «Demography» in certain areas. Priority problems of population nutrition for correction in the near future have been identified. The proposed model for assessing the effectiveness of measures to form commitment to healthy nutrition among the population can be used to improve preventive activities at the regional level.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Modification of the method for detection of bacteria of the genus Cronobacter in dry products for infant nutrition].","authors":"A S Polyanina, Yu M Markova, N R Efimochkina, S A Sheveleva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-41-47","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-41-47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, there has been growing concern about contamination of dry foods for infants with the bacteria of the Cronobacter genus (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii), since its ingestion during feeding can lead to severe health problems, including disability in certain categories of this age group. The development of methods for Cronobacter spp. detection with high sensitivity and resolution is an urgent task due to the growing need for foods for infant artificial feeding. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to compare methodological approaches to the detection of Cronobacter spp. in dry foods for the nutrition of infants and to propose an optimized scheme for the isolation and identification of the pathogen. <b>Material and methods</b>. A comparative analysis of the literature and current methods (international and regional) for the detection of Cronobacter spp. (and in particular C. sakazakii) in dry foods for infants was carried out. The search was performed using the following databases: Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, the \"TekhExpert\" Russian information system, as well as on the websites of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) using the keywords: Cronobacter spp., Enterobacter sakazakii. <b>Results</b>. Methodological approaches have been substantiated that make it possible to conduct studies of dry foods for infant nutrition (including formulas) with a greater degree of efficiency and reliability for the presence of Cronobacter spp.: an increase in cultivation time at the stage of non-selective enrichment by 33%; the use of two differential diagnostic media and two temperature cultivation modes at the stage of culture isolation. <b>Conclusion</b>. It is suggested that the use of the only one nutrient medium at the stages of selective cultivation and isolation, and incubation at elevated temperatures can lead to the loss of isolation of fastidious microorganisms that are present in the product in low concentrations. An optimized scheme for the microbiological testing of dry foods for infant nutrition for the presence of the Cronobacter genus bacteria based on a combination of cultural and/or PCR techniques has been proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 3","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of the effect of dietary soluble corn fiber on metabolic activity and colonic microbiota composition in patients with dysbiosis and obesity].","authors":"T S Zaletova, T B Feofanova, Z M Zainudinov, T Yu Zavistyaeva, T N Korotkova, S Yu Solovyeva","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-91-100","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-91-100","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The gut microbiome is critically important for human health. Intestinal bacteria are involved in nutrient metabolism, immune modulation, maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, and protecting against pathogenic bacteria. Soluble corn fiber (SCF) has been shown to possess prebiotic properties, improve intestinal peristalsis, affect blood glucose and insulin levels, improve calcium absorption and reabsorption in bone tissue. &lt;b&gt;The aim&lt;/b&gt; of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating soluble corn fiber into a low-calorie diet (LCD) in obese patients with dysbiosis, and its effect on the metabolic activity and composition of the colonic microbiota. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. 48 patients with reduced amounts of Bifidobacterium and/ or Lactobacillus in their stool, who were included in the study, were divided into 2 groups - the main group and the control group. They followed LCD for 28 days. Patients in the main group, in addition to the LCD, received soluble corn fiber (1.8%) at the dose 7 g 3 times daily (dissolved in 200 ml of liquid). Drug therapy was administered according to standard regimens for therapeutic diseases and was not adjusted during the study. The groups were compared using clinical and functional methods (assessment of actual nutrition, determination of body composition, a stool change assessment scale, a scale for assessing the organoleptic properties of dishes), and laboratory methods (biochemical blood serum analysis, microbiological stool diagnostics by cultural method). &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. After the course of diet therapy, all patients showed a statistically significant decrease in body weight, but in patients of the main group it occurred due to skeletal muscles and lean mass decrease (p&lt;0.005), while against the background of the SCF intake, a statistically significant decrease in body fat mass (p=0.015) was noted with a tendency to decrease skeletal muscle mass and lean mass (p&lt;0.10). After the course of diet therapy, the number of Bifidobacterium in the feces of patients in the main group statistically significantly increased from 8.75±0.61 to 9.04±0.20 lg CFU/g (p=0.035), while in patients from the control group, on the contrary, the number of these bacteria was significantly lower upon repeated examination (7.96±1.12 versus 8.46±0.78 lg CFU/g, p=0.046). The inclusion of SCF in the LCD was accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of individuals with reduced levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, a positive effect on the populations of commensal and transient (opportunistic) representatives of the microbiota and an improvement in stool characteristics. Upon repeated examination, patients in both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;. Therefore, SCF can be used in dietary therapeutic and preventive nutrition as a source of soluble dietary fiber. It can be used as part","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 3","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hygienic assessment of salt intake by the adult population of the Omsk region: epidemiological monitoring data (2006-2023)].","authors":"O N Glagoleva, E A Vilms, D V Turchaninov, M S Turchaninova, Yu V Menshchikova, A V Brusentsova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-18-28","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-18-28","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An analysis of the nutrition structure of the Russian population shows that the diet of the majority of citizens contains an excessive amount of dietary salt. According to the official statistics, the average daily salt intake is 10-11 g, which is twice the WHO recommended level (no more than 5 g/day) and makes it one of the main risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. Excessive salt intake, first of all, leads to an increase in blood pressure, as a result of which diseases of the cardiovascular system and kidneys can develop. Studying the regional characteristics of the nutrition structure allows timely adjustment of preventive measures, which is also important in the context of evaluating the effectiveness of the federal project \"Strengthening public Health\" of the national project \"Demography\" implemented in 2018-2023. &lt;b&gt;The purpose&lt;/b&gt; of the study was to provide a hygienic assessment of the level, structure, and dynamics of salt consumption of the adult population of the Omsk region in 2006-2023. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;. A descriptive observational epidemiological study of the actual nutrition, eating habits and dietary preferences of the adult population of the Omsk region in dynamics for 2006-2023 was conducted (four observation points: 2006, 2013, 2018 and 2023, the sample at each stage included from 228 to 241, in 2023 - 506 adult residents aged 18 to 85 years). The values of the actual consumption of dietary salt were estimated by analyzing the frequency of food intake. The calculation of the amount of salt consumed was carried out in accordance with WHO recommendations based on the calculation of sodium intake. The collection of the information about eating habits and preferences was carried out by means of an active questionnaire. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;. The median daily intake of dietary salt in the population of the Omsk region in 2006 was 10.67 [7.66; 13.50] g, in 2023 - 8.61 [6.55; 10.82] g, which significantly exceeded the level recommended by WHO. The proportion of the adult population of the Omsk region with adequate salt intake in 2023 was 11.5%. The intake of dietary salt in men was higher than in women (8.63 [7.10; 11.34] vs 8.42 [6.31; 10.46] g/day, respectively; p=0.0247), as well as in the age group 65 years and older (8.72 [7.11; 11.72] g/day; p=0.0059). The main sources of salt were dishes and products that were consumed most frequently: bread (11.2%) and various soups (9.9%), as well as processed meat products (12.8%) and canned food (5.7%). Residents of the region showed a positive trend in changing their own eating habits towards a healthy lifestyle: 49.9±2.1% tried to use less salt in their diet in 2023 (compared to 33.0±3.0% in 2006; p&lt;0.001). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;. Although a significant decrease in dietary salt consumption has been established over the period from 2006 to 2023, exceeding the recommended levels is still typical for 88.5% of the adult population of the region, which creates an increased ","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 3","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of dietary pattern in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease].","authors":"A A Goncharov, V I Pilipenko, V A Isakov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-69-82","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-69-82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary characteristics are the most significant factor in the development and dynamics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study the nutritional characteristics of patients with NAFLD compared with the control group without NAFLD. <b>Material and methods</b>. An analysis of a patient database (n=613) generated from 2021 to 2023 was conducted. A case-control study was carried out on 77 pairs of patients (NAFLD group and control group) matched by gender, age and body mass index. The assessment of the stage of liver steatosis and fibrosis was carried out using vibrationcontrolled liver elastometry. The nutrition of the patients was assessed by the frequency of food intake for the previous 1 mon. To analyze the diet of a particular person, the actual level of consumption was compared with the optimal level of the main food group consumption calculated in accordance with the calorie content of his diet according to the recommendations of the healthy eating pyramid, as well as with consumption according to dietary patterns associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD <b>Results</b>. When comparing the consumption of basic macronutrients and energy between the studied groups, a higher consumption of total fat, including saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found in patients with NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD consume more often foods from the «oils and fats» (1.5 [1.1; 2.3] vs 1.1 [0.9; 1.9] times per day; p=0.003) and the «vegetables and mushrooms» group (3.6 [2.6; 4.3] vs 3.0 [2.0; 4.0] times per day; p=0.046). Within the food groups, it was found that patients with NAFLD consume more sausages (0.8 [0; 6.7] vs 3.3 [0.4; 14.3] g/day, p=0.03), smoked meats (0 [0; 3.3] vs 2 [0; 7.1] g/day; p=0.03), hard cheeses (12.8 [4.3; 17.1] vs 17.1 [4.3; 30.0] g/day; p=0.02), eggs (25.7 [12 .8; 51.4] vs 25.7 [17.1; 51.4] g/day; p=0.03), greens (6.4 [2.9; 10.0] vs 10.0 [4.3; 20.0] g/day; p=0.03), onion (15.0 [4.3; 30.0] vs 25.7 [8.6; 50.0] g/day; p=0.04), dumplings (6.7 [1.2; 16.7] vs 13.3 [5.0; 28.5] g/day; p=0.01). At the same time, they consumed less dried fruits (3.6 [0.4; 21.4] vs 3.3 [0; 10.7] g/day; p=0.03), fermented dairy products (13.3 [0; 85.6] vs 0 [0; 28.5] g/day p=0.02). Both groups demonstrated eating habits that differed from those recommended by the healthy eating pyramid: consumption of fish and seafood, nuts and seeds amounted to 80%, milk and dairy products - 40%, legumes and vegetable oils - 20% of the optimal values. <b>Conclusion</b>. The dietary pattern of patients with NAFLD is characterized by reduced consumption of food groups that are protective against the development of NAFLD: nuts, fish, vegetable oils, milk and fermented milk products.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 3","pages":"69-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ethnic aspects of obesity in adolescents: endogenous intoxication, activity of antioxidant enzymes, proteins' and DNA oxidative damage].","authors":"M A Darenskaya, N A Yuzvak, L V Rychkova, S I Kolesnikov, N V Semenova, Zh V Prokhorova, L I Kolesnikova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-59-68","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-3-59-68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents create serious risks of metabolic disorders in adulthood. Exogenous-constitutional form of obesity (ECO) is associated often with chronic inflammation, accompanied by endogenous intoxication and oxidative stress. Identification of ethnic differences of metabolic reactions in adolescents with ECO will contribute to the development of personalized approaches to the treatment and prevention of this pathology. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to identify ethnic characteristics of the manifestation of ECO in adolescents. <b>Material and methods</b>. The objects of the study were 203 adolescents aged 11-17 years, residents of the cities of Irkutsk and Ulan-Ude. The main group consisted of 86 children with ECO: 52 Caucasians (28 boys, 24 girls), 34 Mongoloids (18 boys, 16 girls). The control group included 117 adolescents without ECO: 62 Caucasians (29 boys, 33 girls), 55 Mongoloids (19 boys, 36 girls). The study employed spectrophotometric, enzyme immunoassay, and statistical research methods. <b>Results</b>. In Caucasian girls with ECO, an increase in the level of endogenous intoxication markers - medium molecular weight peptides (MMP) 280 (p=0.002), MMP 238 (p<0.001), as well as in the DNA oxidation index [8-Hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level] (p=0.001) compared to the control has been noted. In Mongoloid girls there was an increase in MMP 280 (p=0.002) values compared to the control. Ethnic differences included lower values of MMP 238 (p<0.0001), MMP 254 (p<0.001), MMP 280 (p=0.013), glutathione-S-transferase (G-S-T) level (p=0.025), elevated levels of 8-OHdG (p<0.0001) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO) (p<0.0001) in Mongoloid girls with ECO relative to Caucasians. Caucasian boys with ECO had higher 8-OHdG level (p=0.025), advanced oxidation protein parameter (AOPP) (p=0.006), and lower GPO level (p=0.044) compared to the control. In Mongoloid young men with ECO, there were reduced values of AOPP (p=0.023) and higher GPO level (p=0.041) compared to the control. Ethnic differences among young men with ECO were represented by higher 8-OHdG level (p<0.0001) and reduced values of G-S-T (p<0.001), MMP 238 (p=0.002) and MMP 254 (p<0.001) in Mongoloid compared to Caucasians. <b>Conclusion</b>. The study revealed higher values of endogenous intoxication indicators, imbalance in the glutathione enzyme system, and an increase in the level of DNA damage marker in adolescents with ECO regardless of gender and ethnicity. Ethnic differences in adolescents with ECO consisted of lower parameters of endogenous intoxication, increased values of DNA destruction indicator and activity of thiol-disulfide system enzymes in Mongoloid adolescents compared to Caucasians. The data obtained will allow us to expand our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of obesity and develop approaches to personalized correction of this condition in adolescence, taking into account the patient's ethnicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 3","pages":"59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Microencapsulated (liposomal) forms of micronutrients: stability and effectiveness for eliminating deficiency].","authors":"V M Kodentsova, N V Zhilinskaya","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-39-50","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-4-39-50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effectiveness of micronutrient-enriched foods depends on the preservation of the micronutrients introduced into the product and the food matrix into which the micronutrient is introduced over the entire shelf life. Microencapsulation of micronutrients, i.e. enclosing them in a polymer coating layer (shell), protects sensitive to oxidation and photodegradation molecules when exposed to high temperatures, light or oxygen, increases stability, masks taste and ensures micronutrient controlled release, especially from matrices in which these substances could not otherwise be included. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using encapsulated (liposomal) forms of vitamins and minerals to improve its preservation during food fortification and correct micronutrient deficiencies.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The literature review in recent years was carried out using the RSCI, PubMed databases, as well as Google Scholar systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The development of liposomal micronutrient forms is a complex multi-stage technology that requires special equipment, control over the size and properties, which increases the cost and complicates scaling up production. Microencapsulation improves the preservation of vitamins in fortified foods. Most studies are devoted to assessing the effect of liposomal application on the effectiveness of vitamin D and iron to correct deficiency. Comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters showed that liposomal forms of vitamin D, calcium and sodium ascorbates are absorbed faster than in conventional forms. Intake of liposomal vitamin-mineral formulations affects individual pharmacokinetic profiles of micronutrients. Intake of individual liposomal vitamins (C, D) by healthy volunteers on an empty stomach resulted in higher maximum blood plasma level and total area under the concentration-time curve. However, the interpretation of these results is ambiguous. Higher plasma levels may indicate that the micronutrient is not absorbed into tissues as quickly, while lower levels may indicate that redistribution into tissues occurs more quickly. In clinical studies, the effectiveness of iron status correction over 4-12 weeks in terms of hemoglobin levels with liposomal iron forms was comparable to the effectiveness of other forms of this trace element.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Micronutrient microencapsulation technology is in demand in the food industry to improve the safety of fortifying additives. Additional research is needed to confirm the benefits of liposomal forms of micronutrients in eliminating vitamin and mineral deficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 4","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Management with micronutrient composition of entomoproducts by edible insects' feeding schedule optimisation].","authors":"N V Tyshko, K A Timoshenko, S I Shestakova, V A Zotov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-100-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2025-94-1-100-109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The trend to the modern food industry's reorientation into the manufacturing of food with increased nutritional density, enriched, among other things, with complete protein, leads to the need to expand the raw material base and search for non-traditional protein sources, among which insects are considered to be a very promising resource. The insects species composition, the food use of which is approved in countries that previously had no tradition of using such raw materials, is represented by ubiquitous synanthropic organisms that have accompanied mankind for thousands of years - the mealybug (Tenebrio molitor), house cricket (A. domesticus) and others. In particular, A. domesticus belongs to polyphagous species that feed both plant and animal substrates, producing their own complete protein. Based on the results of our own research and analysis of literature data, the chemical composition of arthropods potentially used for food purposes requires careful control due to the possible risk of excessive content of mineral components. Both regulation of feed composition and feeding schedule of insects, taking into consideration their age and species affiliation, can be considered as risk management methods. <b>The purpose</b> of the research was the investigation of the influence of feeding schedule on the micronutrient (mineral) composition of house cricket A. domesticus biomass. <b>Material and methods</b>. The A. domesticus house cricket produced by ONTO LLC was used for this research. Elemental analysis of 8 insect samples was carried out. The content of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in insect biomass samples was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The element composition of cricket biomass (age of the 6th moult and adults) obtained under different feeding schedule was assessed from the view point of the possibility for using insects as a source of relevant mineral substances, for which the element content in biomass was compared with the norms of physiological requirements for humans. <b>Results</b>. In insect samples kept under conditions of stable feed supply, the content of calcium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese increased with insect growth, reaching a maximum level at the stage of the 6th moult and decreasing when the adult age was reached. At all stages of insect growth, incubation without food for 24 hours resulted in a 45% decrease in the content of copper and zinc, a 33% decrease in calcium and manganese, and a 15% decrease in iron. No effect of insect feeding schedule on the content of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and chromium, as well as lead and cadmium in biomass was revealed. <b>Conclusion</b>. House crickets can serve a source of minerals and trace elements in the human diet, and there is a risk of excessive intake of mineral elements when using raw materials from A. domesticus in food. In spite of the fact that the results of th","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"94 1","pages":"100-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}