Voprosy pitaniia最新文献

{"title":"[Use of secondary raw materials of the wine industry for the production of a functional fermented milk product].","authors":"A A Gasimova","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-145-152","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-6-145-152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of new technologies and the production of functional food based on secondary raw materials is an urgent problem that requires careful study. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to study the chemical composition of the powder from the pomace of Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grape varieties, as well as the possibility of using this powder for the preparation of functional yogurt. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study material was pomace from the white technical grape variety Riesling and from the red technical grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon. The object of the study was yogurt prepared in three versions: with the addition of 2, 3 and 4% of grape pomace powder. <b>Results</b>. Analysis of the chemical composition of the pomace powder showed that the content of «crude» protein in the pomace powder obtained from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes was higher than from Riesling (12.8 versus 10.3%). In terms of lysine, valine, histidine, proline and glutamic acid content, Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace powder had higher values. The content of trace elements in the powder obtained from Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace amounted to (mg/100 g): iron - 14.5 and 17.0; zinc - 19 and 25; manganese - 8.9 and 9.5; cobalt - 0.31 and 0.22, respectively. A process flow chart for preparing yogurt with the addition of pomace powder has been developed. Yogurt prepared with the addition of 3% Cabernet Sauvignon grape pomace powder received a high rating for its physical, chemical and organoleptic properties and had a high nutritional value. The prepared yogurt had a specific aroma characteristic of this variety. <b>Conclusion</b>. The conducted research on the development of the technology for the preparation of a fermented milk product using grape pomace powder as a source of trace elements, phenolic compounds and dietary fiber partially solves the issue of creating functional food.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 6","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Identification of meldonium in the urine of volunteers using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after consumption of milk of cows treated with a preventive course of the veterinary drug Emidonol^®].","authors":"P V Postnikov, A V Polosin, E S Mochalova, Z G Ordzhonikidze, D B Nikityuk, V A Tutelyan","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-94-103","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2024-93-5-94-103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emidonol is a Russian antioxidant drug, widely used in veterinary medicine both for prophylactic purposes and under pathological conditions associated with oxygen deficiency. The product of its biotransformation in animals is meldonium, which is a metabolic modulator and has been included on the Prohibited List by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) since 2016. In the presented research, volunteers once consumed samples of milk from cows that had undergone a 15-day course of the veterinary drug Emidonol® 10%, obtained from one of the farms in the Moscow region. <b>The purpose</b> of our research was to study the possibility of qualitative determination of meldonium in urine samples after drinking a large amount of milk using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and to assess duration of urinary excretion of the prohibited in sport metabolism modulator in accordance with WADA identification criteria. <b>Material and methods</b>. Milk samples were collected from the cows on the 15th (last) day of the injection course of the veterinary drug Emidonol® 10%. Urine samples from volunteers, collected before and within 48 hours after a single intake of 900 ml of fresh cow's milk have been examined. The volunteers (n=4, aged 35-52 years, body weight 65-93 kg, gender was not taken into account) had not previously taken meldonium, any dietary supplements, as well as milk, dairy and meat products within 4-5 days before submitting a blank sample and during the study. Sample preparation of urine specimens was carried out using the \"dilute and shoot\" method. The HPLC-MS/MS was used for analysis. Meldonium identification was carried out in selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode using the following transitions and collision energies: 147.1>147.1 (15), 147.1>132.1 (17), 147.1>59.1 (17), 147.1>58.1 (17), 147.1>42.1 (60). <b>Results</b>. It was found that meldonium is reliably determined in urine samples of volunteers after 12 hours when identified by HPLC-MS/MS using the 5 abovementioned SRM transitions, and for 36-40 hours using the transitions 147.1>59.1 (17), 147.1>58.1 (17) after a single consumption of 900 ml of milk. The peak concentrations occur at 5-10 hours after administration (estimated concentration in urine from 160 to 400 ng/ml) with a subsequent decrease to 2.5-5 ng/ml and below after 36-40 hours. The excretion profiles of the prohibited modulator in urine are presented. <b>Conclusion</b>. The principal possibility of qualitative determination of meldonium in urine samples of volunteers over 36-40 hours with a single consumption of large quantities of milk from cows that have undergone a course of treatment with the veterinary drug Emidonol® 10% was demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"93 5","pages":"94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The modification of methodological approaches for potential hazard identification of inadvertent chemicals in food].","authors":"N V Zaitseva,&nbsp;S A Khotimchenko,&nbsp;P Z Shur,&nbsp;D V Suvorov,&nbsp;S E Zelenkin,&nbsp;V V Bessonov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-1-26-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-1-26-35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The existing methodological approaches for hazard identification and selection of priority hazard contaminants in foodstuff for further health risk assessment and legislation (in case of need) do not represent the reasons of inclusion inadvertent chemical substances in a number of priority for health risk assessment. The absence both of complex assessment and potential hazard categories of contaminants do not allow to assess the urgency of health risk assessment. Thus, it's advisable to expand the existing methodological approaches with the criteria of selection of hazard inadvertent chemical substances in food. The criteria allow for an integral assessment and further categorizing for health risk assessment and legislation. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to develop the methodological approaches to selection of priority inadvertent chemical substances in foodstuff for risk analysis and legislation based on the integral assessment <b>Results</b>. <b>Material and methods</b>. Various methods of chemical analysis were applied for detection of potentially hazard chemical substances in foodstuff. The further hazard identification and selection of priority chemical substances has been based on suggested criteria and categories that complete existing methodology. The approbation of methodological approaches to integral assessment and categorizing has been carried out on milk. <b>Results and discussion</b>. The potential hazard identification of inadvertent chemicals has been carried out using the complex of selection criteria. It was suggested to apply scores for calculation of integral score for further categorizing and selection of priority chemical substances (taking into account substances' toxicity class and possibility of migration during cooking or formation during technological process, and from packing, and from food raw materials). 5 hazard chemicals in milk (2-furanmethanol, thallium, mevinphos, sulfotep, mephospholane) were defined as priority category as the result of approbation. <b>Conclusion</b>. Integral assessment and categorizing of potential hazard of inadvertent chemicals in food applying basic and additional criteria taking into account natural content of the substances and their possibility of migration in food allow to assess the priority of health risk assessment and further hygienic legislation of the substances (in case if the risk level is inappropriate). During the approbation on the example of milk, 5 unintended substances that had potential hazard category I (high priority) were recommended for further risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 1","pages":"26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9136738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[International and Russian mechanisms for integrating innovations and experience to optimize the nutrition of the population].","authors":"V A Tutelyan,&nbsp;D B Nikityuk","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-3-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-3-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vigorous scientific and organizational activities of the Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology, integration into the international scientific and technical space, the use of advanced innovative technologies, the best examples of world experience, cooperation with leading economic countries are the most important lever for optimizing the nutrition of the population of our country, which is essential for the preservation of the health of the nation and the implementation of the tasks of demographic policy in the Russian Federation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 3","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10171454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Patterns of eating habits and body composition in primary school children].","authors":"D V Podchinenova,&nbsp;O V Tabakaeva,&nbsp;L M Ogorodova,&nbsp;I G Samoilova,&nbsp;M V Matveeva,&nbsp;O A Oleynik","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-3-45-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-3-45-53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of the influence of nutrition and its associations with other parameters, which are closely related to the metabolic profile, in order to better understand the mechanisms of realization of the obesity phenotype in the child population is of particular interest. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to investigate the eating habits of elementary school children and their dependence on the parameters of physical development and body composition of the child population of Tomsk. <b>Material and methods</b>. 506 children aged 7 to 12 years were examined. The main group consisted of 216 children (53.1% boys, 46.9% girls) with overweight and obesity, the control group - 290 healthy children (49.0% boys, 51.0% girls). All children underwent measurement of anthropometric parameters with the calculation of SDS body mass index (WHO Anthro Plus), estimation of body composition by bioimpedancemetry. The actual nutrition of schoolchildren was assessed by the frequency method using a questionnaire. <b>Results</b>. Overweight and obese children had levels of body fat, percent body fat, visceral fat area and whole-body phase angle which were statistically significantly (p<0.001) higher in comparison with the control group. Regular meals were more typical for schoolchildren of the control group compared to the main group (p=0.002). A survey of parents showed that 55.0% of them don't have problems with the nutrition of their children, 32.0% do not have conditions for monitoring their nutrition, 37.5% of children consume high-calorie foods, 29.0% do not comply with the diet, 64.5% - eat while watching TV. Only 21.1% of children consume fresh vegetables daily, cereals - 21.8%, dairy products - 30.3%, milk - 56.5%, meat - 58.5%, cottage cheese - 10.3%. Fish is not consumed by 25.6% of children, consumed less than once a week - by 47.2%. Several times a week, sausages and sausages are consumed by 41.7% of schoolchildren, confectionery - by 32.5%, chocolate and sweets - by 51.5%. <b>Conclusion</b>. The food habits of primary school students in Tomsk are characterized by an insufficient amount of vegetables and fruits, dairy products, fish dishes, a high level of consumption of ultra-processed red meat and various confectionery products (sweets, chocolate, cakes). The absence of statistically significant differences in the results of the survey between the control group and the main group may be due to the multifactorial nature of obesity associated with a variety of behavioral, biological and social factors, the real contribution of which remains to be determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 3","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9869337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Actual nutrition in adults with familial hypercholesterolemia].","authors":"A V Blokhina,&nbsp;A I Ershova,&nbsp;O V Kopylova,&nbsp;A S Limonova,&nbsp;N S Karamnova,&nbsp;O B Shvabskaya,&nbsp;A V Kiseleva,&nbsp;S A Derbeneva,&nbsp;A N Meshkov,&nbsp;O M Drapkina","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-4-49-58","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-4-49-58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a highly atherogenic, genetically based lipid disorder. For patients with FH, dietary modification is the cornerstone of complex lipidlowering therapy. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to assess the actual nutrition in adults with familial hypercholesterolemia. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study included 100 patients over 18 years old (including 46% men) with \"probable\" or \"definite\" FH according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network or Simon Broome criteria from the GENMOTIV-FH study (ClinicalTrials: NCT04656028) in 2019-2021. Actual nutrition was assessed using the 24-hour dietary recall method. The frequency of the main meal groups' consumption and food-related behavior were assessed using a questionnaire method. The data are presented as the median [Q25; Q75]. <b>Results</b>. The study showed the excess consumption of protein (19.3 [16.7; 24.0] in men and 18.6% [13.6; 24.3] in women, p=0.592), total fat (35.1 [29.4; 41.0] in men vs 39.2% [33.2; 47.5] in women, p=0.018), including saturated fatty acids (9.6 [4.7; 13.0] vs 10.4% [7.5; 14.2], respectively, p=0.151), and cholesterol (265.8 [188.8; 521.9] mg/day in men vs 282.1 [147.2; 542.8] mg/day in women, p=0.936). Consumption of total carbohydrates (44.3 [37.2; 50.0] vs 39.6% [30.1; 48.8], respectively, p=0.100) and fiber (10.7 [7.3; 13.3] g/day in men vs 11.5 [7.9; 13.9] g/day in women, p=0.372) was insufficient. Only 47.9% of patients consumed vegetables daily, 39.1% - fruits and berries. The majority (64.5%) of patients with FH preferred high-fat cheese (>=25%). Cottage cheese of >=5% fat content preferred 52.7% of patients. The daily poultry consumption was more than red meat (19.3 vs 4.3% respectively, p=0.003). Regularly included fish in their meal 53.8% of patients. <b>Conclusion</b>. The actual nutrition in adults with FH does not match international guidelines. The results highlight the importance of dietary interventions for patients with FH.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 4","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of triterpenoids in fatty products on liver condition of laboratory animals with acute toxic hepatitis].","authors":"E V Averyanova,&nbsp;M N Shkolnikova,&nbsp;O V Chugunova,&nbsp;O N Mazko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-4-81-91","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-4-81-91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the principles of prevention and non-medicamentous treatment of liver diseases, including hepatitis of different etiology, is the normalization of the diet through the consumption of food with physiologically active ingredients, in particular betulin, which helps to eliminate the causes of metabolic and oxidative disorders within liver cells. <b>The aim</b> of the research was to assess in vivo the influence of triterpene alcohol betulin extracted from Betula pendula Roth. birch bark in fat-containing products (for example mayonnaise) on the blood biochemical parameters and liver morphological structure of rats with initiated acute toxic hepatitis. <b>Material and methods</b>. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of betulin as part of mayonnaise samples has been investigated in vivo on the model of toxic hepatitis initiated by carbon tetrachloride in male Wistar rats weighing 210-265 g. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each: CG-1 - intact, CG-2 and MG - with carbon tetrachloride initiated toxic hepatitis. rats of the main groups were orally administered mayonnaise once a day at a dosage of 1 ml for 21 days after the formation of the model pathology: OG-1 with the added betulin (1 mg per 1 kg of body weight), OG-2 without betulin. Disorders of metabolic and oxidative processes in liver cells of animals were evaluated by biochemical indicators of blood plasma: the level of glucose, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and urea and the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase. Oxidative stress in rats was estimated by the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in blood hemolysate (at a dilution of 1:200 and 1:10, respectively); the total prooxidant (in blood plasma) and total antioxidant (in blood hemolysate at a dilution of 1:10) activity were determined spectrophotometrically (colored complexes of TWIN-80 oxidation products with thiobarbituric acid). The morphological structure of rats' liver was estimated by microscopy of prepared cuts of hepatic tissue. <b>Results</b>. Based on biochemical parameters of rat blood plasma, it has been established that the administration of mayonnaise with betulin prevents the development of cytolic syndrome and suppresses the process of peroxidation by directly neutralizing free radicals. Aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity in blood plasma of the experimental animals of the main group MG-1 reduced by 20.7 and 35.2% compared with indicators of the rats of the main group MG-2. Glucose concentration normalized to the level of the control group CG-1. The concentration of bilirubin and triglycerides decreased by 22.9 and by 48.1%, which indicates a significant reduction in the indicators of cholestatic syndrome in the group of animals OG-1 compared to OG-2. The total prooxidant activity and the concentration of thiobarbiturate-reactive products decreased compared to the CG","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 4","pages":"81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41116556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative characteristics of the amino acid composition of protein from traditional sources and entomoprotein: calculated data].","authors":"N V Zaitseva, S E Zelenkin, D V Suvorov, P Z Shur, D N Lir, Cao Cong Khanh, Nguyen Quang Hung","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-5-39-47","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-5-39-47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growth of the world population leads to an increase in demand for food consumption. Along with the projected reduction in demand for meat products, a search is underway for a new type of food (\"novel food\"), one of the promising options for which are insects. In 2023 the European Commission has registered flour made from house cricket (Acheta domesticus) as a \"novel food\" for human consumption. Currently, the amino acid composition of both new types of food and the diet that includes them is not regulated. Accordingly, the potential amino acid imbalance in the diet when entomoprotein is included need to be further investigated. <b>The aim</b> of the study was to characterize the amino acid composition of a simulated diet using protein obtained from house cricket. <b>Material and methods</b>. To assess the balance of diets in terms of amino acid composition, a comparative analysis was made of the actual diet containing protein from traditional foods (scenario 1) and the diet with the likely replacement of beef, pork and poultry with a product containing A. domesticus protein (entomoprotein) (scenario 2). The volume of food consumption has been calculated based on the results of the assessment of a sample survey of household budgets. The study included foods with an established value of annual consumption, that was calculated as daily consumption. The content of essential amino acids in food sources of protein, as well as in the domestic cricket protein, was evaluated using the data from relevant sources. Dietary balance was assessed by calculating its digestibility using data on amino acid scoring, the utility of essential amino acids, the excess content of individual essential amino acids, and the comparable excess content of essential amino acids. <b>Results</b>. We determined the daily consumption volumes of basic foods, formed consumption scenarios, including with the potential use of a protein product based on entomoprotein. Comparative analysis of the amino acid composition of the diet showed significantly higher content (from 1.4 up to 2.9 times) of amino acids in the diet in scenario 2. The results of calculating the amino acid score and utility coefficient showed that a diet using entomoprotein could provide a better usage of amino acids for protein synthesis compared to the «traditional» diet, however, the digestibility of protein from the traditional diet is higher compared to entomoprotein (96.8 vs 89.1%). <b>Conclusion</b>. Despite the fact that the utility of essential amino acids in the scenario of replacing meat products with a product containing A. domesticus entomoprotein is higher, while the digestibility of protein is lower, the differences identified are insignificant.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 5","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Methods for the identification and quantification of microplastics in foods (a review)].","authors":"I V Gmoshinski, V A Shipelin, A I Kolobanov, I E Sokolov, K Z Maisaya, S A Khotimchenko","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-5-87-102","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-5-87-102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adverse effects of microplastics (MP) found in food on the health have recently been recognized as a new source of human health risks. In order to evaluate and minimize them, it is necessary to evaluate the exposure using sensitive and specific methods. <b>The aim</b> of the research was the substantiation of methodological approaches to the identification and quantification of microplastics in food based on the analysis of literature data. <b>Material and methods</b>. Literature selection was carried out using the PubMed international reference database for the period from 2014 to 2023 using keywords corresponding to the context of the research theme. A total of 159 sources were selected, of which 94 original and review papers were included in the review according to the criteria of their relevance to the problem under consideration, scientific reliability and completeness. <b>Results</b>. At present, various approaches have been developed that make it possible to isolate MPs from complex bioorganic matrices (such as, for example, seafood), classify them by chemical composition, and quantify their content through the mass or number of particles. Among the most developed physic-chemical methods for the analysis of MPs are Fourier transform IR spectrometry and Raman microspectrometry, pyrolysis gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, as well as approaches based on liquid chromatography, microfluorimetry, analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy and others. Unsolved problems in the field of MP research in food include the high laboriousness and low performance of the identification technologies used, the lack of reference and standard samples of MP, the complexity of the equipment used, which makes it difficult to use it for routine hygienic control. The issue of the influence of MP aging degree on the results of its qualitative and quantitative determination has not been sufficiently studied. Some hopes in the field of development of rapid analysis of MTs are pinned on the use of aptamers. <b>Conclusion</b>. Existing analytical methods make it possible to determine the content of MPs in environmental objects, but further improvement and validation of these methods is required in relation to the assessment of the content of MPs in various types of food.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 5","pages":"87-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of specific IgG content to nutritional antigens in patients with metabolic syndrome].","authors":"V P Patrakeeva, L K Dobrodeeva, A V Samodova, V A Schtaborov","doi":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-6-98-106","DOIUrl":"10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-6-98-106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Specific antibodies to food antigens are detected both in healthy individuals and in various pathologies, including those of the gastrointestinal tract, neuro- and autoimmune diseases. In fact, there are no studies concerning the level of specific IgG to food antigens in metabolic syndrome. A comparative analysis of the concentration of specific IgG to food antigens in patients with metabolic syndrome and healthy people was carried out. <b>The goal</b> was to determine the concentrations of specific IgG to food antigens in patients with metabolic syndrome. <b>Material and methods</b>. A survey of 100 patients with metabolic syndrome and 100 practically healthy people was carried out. The content of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose, specific IgG antibodies to food allergens, insulin, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α was determined in the blood serum. <b>Results</b>. A comparative analysis of the level of specific IgG to food antigens in patients with metabolic syndrome and practically healthy people was carried out. The spectrum of the most frequently detected IgG to food antigens in metabolic syndrome was similar to that in practically healthy people, but their average level was higher and elevated levels were more often recorded. It has been shown that the range of specific IgG detected was interconnected with impaired glucose utilization. Higher concentrations of IgG to meat and fish products were recorded in patients with insulin resistance, in the absence of insulin resistance higher levels of IgG to dairy products were revealed. <b>Conclusion</b>. In the metabolic syndrome, an increase in the permeability of the intestinal barrier and a state of chronic mild inflammation are associated with a more active intake of food antigens, leading to an activation of the immune system, with an increase in the production of specific IgG. This can significantly increase the risk of developing pathological neuro- and autoimmune diseases in patients with metabolic disorders. Insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome is associated with higher concentrations of IgG to meat and fish products, ie. food antigenic specificity may play a regulatory influence in the formation of impaired glucose utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23652,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy pitaniia","volume":"92 6","pages":"98-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}