Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination among Eligible Adults in Abuja, Nigeria: A Mixed-Methods Study Using the WHO Behavioral and Social Drivers of Vaccination Framework.","authors":"Chizoba B Wonodi, Ikechukwu A Okpe, Pius U Angioha, Affiong S Ebong, Janet B Adegbola, Abdulrasheed A Abdulraheem, Nwamaka Ezeanya, Adewumi A Adetola, Oluwatosin I Arogundade, Goodness I Hadley, Joseph A Olisa","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccines, Nigeria still faces significant COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, with only 60.7% of the eligible population fully vaccinated as of 20 March 2023. Our study, part of a community-based effort to improve knowledge and uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in the Gwagwalada Area Council of Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria, utilized the WHO's Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSDs)-of-vaccination framework to examine the drivers of COVID-19 vaccination among eligible adults. This was a mixed-method study with focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) involving 40 purposively sampled participants. We triangulate qualitative findings with data from a household survey of 1512 eligible adults identified using a two-stage systematic cluster sampling approach. All data were collected from the 1-18 November 2022. The household survey showed 46% COVID-19 vaccine uptake, with Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact test showing significant associations between vaccine uptake and gender, religion, and education. Multivariate logistic regression showed that confidence in vaccine safety, knowing vaccination sites and family/friends' endorsement of COVID-19 vaccination were the strongest items associated with vaccine uptake in the thinking-and-feeling, practical-issue, and social-process domains, respectively. Multiple items measuring these domains aligned with BeSD priority question, demonstrating the robustness of the pared-down framework. Qualitative data corroborated these findings. To address vaccine hesitancy and increase uptake, community-driven approaches to improve trust in vaccine safety and benefits and promote positive vaccination norms are needed. In addition, service delivery strategies to make vaccination services easily accessible and identifiable should be developed and tailored to community needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Mouse Model of Recurrent Sublethal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Recapitulates Human Antibody Responses to Primary and Chronic Infection.","authors":"Aakash Mahant Mahant, Tania Jaimes Gualdron, Betsy C Herold","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Herpes simplex virus (HSV) vaccine development has been impeded by the absence of predictive preclinical models and defined correlates of immune protection. Prior candidates elicited neutralizing responses greater than natural infection but no antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and failed to protect in clinical trials. Primary HSV infection also elicits only neutralizing responses, but ADCC and an expanded antigenic repertoire emerge over time. This evolution may contribute to the decreased frequency and severity of recurrences. To test this notion, we developed a recurrent HSV infection mouse model and evaluated changes in humoral immunity with repeated challenges. <b>Methods:</b> Mice were repeatedly infected intranasally with clinical isolates of HSV-1 or HSV-2 for four months. HSV binding IgG, neutralizing (with or without complement) and ADCC-mediating antibodies were quantified prior to each round of infection. Viral targets were assessed by western blotting. Pooled immune serum (750 μg IgG per mouse) was passively transferred into naïve wild-type or <i>Hvem</i> knockout mice 24 h prior to lethal skin challenge. <b>Results:</b> Repeated exposure to HSV-1 or HSV-2 induced an increase in total HSV-binding IgG but did not boost neutralizing titers. In contrast, ADCC-mediating responses increased significantly from the first to the fourth viral exposure (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The increase was associated with an expanded antigenic repertoire. Passive transfer of fourth round immune serum provided significant protection whereas first round serum failed to protect (<i>p</i> < 0.01). However, protection was lost when serum was transferred into <i>Hvem</i> knockout mice, which are impaired in mediating ADCC killing. <b>Conclusion:</b> This novel model recapitulates clinical responses, highlights the importance of ADCC in protecting against recurrent infection, and provides a strategy for evaluating therapeutic vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postpartum Interventions to Increase Maternal Vaccination Uptake: Is It Worth It?","authors":"Eleni Konstantinou, Sofia Benou, Eleftheria Hatzidaki, Aggeliki Vervenioti, Gabriel Dimitriou, Vassiliki Papaevangelou, Christine E Jones, Despoina Gkentzi","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Vaccination of pregnant and postpartum women for pertussis, influenza and COVID-19 not only protects themselves but also offspring. Despite the benefits of this approach, vaccination uptake remains suboptimal in pregnancy. Where the opportunity to be vaccinated in pregnancy is missed, the offer of vaccination in the post-partum period may be an alternative strategy. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the impact of interventions to increase vaccination uptake in the postpartum period on vaccination uptake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, including interventional studies promoting vaccination uptake in postpartum women published between 2009 and 2024. The search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We finally included 16 studies in the review, and the primary outcome was vaccination uptake in the postpartum period. The most significant factors for increasing uptake were recommendation from healthcare providers, type of interventions used, and delivery of vaccines in the maternity wards or the community.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, maternal vaccination rates in the postpartum period may increase with targeted education by healthcare professionals and positive reinforcement. The interventions described in these studies could be applied in the healthcare systems worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mtb</i>-Specific HLA-E-Restricted T Cells Are Induced during <i>Mtb</i> Infection but Not after BCG Administration in Non-Human Primates and Humans.","authors":"Linda Voogd, Marjolein van Wolfswinkel, Iman Satti, Andrew D White, Karin Dijkman, Anele Gela, Krista E van Meijgaarden, Kees L M C Franken, Julia L Marshall, Tom H M Ottenhoff, Thomas J Scriba, Helen McShane, Sally A Sharpe, Frank A W Verreck, Simone A Joosten","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101129","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12101129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Novel vaccines targeting the world's deadliest pathogen <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) are urgently needed as the efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in its current use is limited. HLA-E is a virtually monomorphic unconventional antigen presentation molecule, and HLA-E-restricted <i>Mtb</i>-specific CD8⁺ T cells can control intracellular <i>Mtb</i> growth, making HLA-E a promising vaccine target for <i>Mtb</i>. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, we evaluated the frequency and phenotype of HLA-E-restricted <i>Mtb</i>-specific CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells in the circulation and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of two independent non-human primate (NHP) studies and from humans receiving BCG either intradermally or mucosally. <b>Results:</b> BCG vaccination followed by <i>Mtb</i> challenge in NHPs did not affect the frequency of circulating and local HLA-E-<i>Mtb</i> CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, and we saw the same in humans receiving BCG. HLA-E-<i>Mtb</i> T cell frequencies were significantly increased after <i>Mtb</i> challenge in unvaccinated NHPs, which was correlated with higher TB pathology. <b>Conclusions:</b> Together, HLA-E-<i>Mtb</i>-restricted T cells are minimally induced by BCG in humans and rhesus macaques (RMs) but can be elicited after <i>Mtb</i> infection in unvaccinated RMs. These results give new insights into targeting HLA-E as a potential immune mechanism against TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The PreS-Based Recombinant Vaccine VVX001 Induces Hepatitis B Virus Neutralizing Antibodies in a Low-Responder to HBsAg-Based HBV Vaccines.","authors":"Inna Tulaeva, Felix Lehmann, Nora Goldmann, Alexandra Dubovets, Daria Trifonova, Mikhail Tulaev, Carolin Cornelius, Milena Weber, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Alexander Karaulov, Rainer Henning, David Niklas Springer, Ursula Wiedermann, Dieter Glebe, Rudolf Valenta","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Approximately 10-20% of subjects vaccinated with HBsAg-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines are non-responders. BM32 is a recombinant grass pollen allergy vaccine containing the HBV-derived preS surface antigen as an immunological carrier protein. PreS includes the binding site of HBV to its receptor on hepatocytes. We investigated whether immunological non-responsiveness to HBV after repeated HBsAg-based vaccinations could be overcome by immunization with VVX001 (i.e., alum-adsorbed BM325, a component of BM32). <i>Methods:</i> A subject failing to develop protective HBV-specific immunity after HBsAg-based vaccination received five monthly injections of 20 µg VVX001. PreS-specific antibody responses were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and micro-array technology. Serum reactivity to subviral particles of different HBV genotypes was determined by sandwich ELISA. PreS-specific T cell responses were monitored by carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining and subsequent flow cytometry. HBV neutralization was assessed using cultured HBV-infected HepG2 cells. <i>Results:</i> Vaccination with VVX001 induced a strong and sustained preS-specific antibody response composed mainly of the IgG₁ subclass. PreS-specific IgG antibodies were primarily directed to the N-terminal part of preS containing the sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) attachment site. IgG reactivity to subviral particles as well as to the N-terminal preS-derived peptides was comparable for HBV genotypes A-H. A pronounced reactivity of CD3⁺CD4⁺ lymphocytes specific for preS after the complete injection course remaining up to one year after the last injection was found. Maximal HBV neutralization (98.4%) in vitro was achieved 1 month after the last injection, which correlated with the maximal IgG reactivity to the N-terminal part of preS. <i>Conclusions:</i> Our data suggest that VVX001 may be used as a preventive vaccination against HBV even in non-responders to HBsAg-based HBV vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation and Genetic Stability of a PolX and 5' MGF-Deficient African Swine Fever Virus Mutant for Vaccine Development.","authors":"Daniel Pérez-Núñez, Daniel W Madden, Gonzalo Vigara-Astillero, David A Meekins, Chester D McDowell, Bianca Libanori-Artiaga, Raquel García-Belmonte, Dashzeveg Bold, Jessie D Trujillo, Konner Cool, Taeyong Kwon, Velmurugan Balaraman, Igor Morozov, Natasha N Gaudreault, Yolanda Revilla, Juergen A Richt","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes fatal disease in pigs and is currently spreading globally. Commercially safe vaccines are urgently required. Aiming to generate a novel live attenuated vaccine (LAV), a recombinant ASFV was generated by deleting the viral O174L (PolX) gene. However, during in vitro generation, an additional spontaneous deletion of genes belonging to the multigene families (MGF) occurred, creating a mixture of two viruses, namely, Arm-ΔPolX and Arm-ΔPolX-ΔMGF. This mixture was used to inoculate pigs in a low and high dose to assess the viral dynamics of both populations in vivo. Although the Arm-ΔPolX population was a much lower proportion of the inoculum, in the high-dose immunized animals, it was the only resulting viral population, while Arm-ΔPolX-ΔMGF only appeared in low-dose immunized animals, revealing the role of deleted MGFs in ASFV fitness in vivo. Furthermore, animals in the low-dose group survived inoculation, whereas animals in the high-dose group died, suggesting that the lack of MGF and PolX genes, and not the PolX gene alone, led to attenuation. The two recombinant viruses were individually isolated and inoculated into piglets, confirming this hypothesis. However, immunization with the Arm-ΔPolX-ΔMGF virus did not induce protection against challenge with the virulent parental ASFV strain. This study demonstrates that deletion of the PolX gene alone neither leads to attenuation nor induces an increased mutation rate in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-Cell Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination.","authors":"Samuele Notarbartolo","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The innate and adaptive immune systems collaborate to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, minimize the viral spread, and kill infected cells, ultimately leading to the resolution of the infection. The adaptive immune system develops a memory of previous encounters with the virus, providing enhanced responses when rechallenged by the same pathogen. Such immunological memory is the basis of vaccine function. Here, we review the current knowledge on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, focusing on the pivotal role of T cells in establishing protective immunity against the virus. After providing an overview of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we describe the main features of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, including cross-reactive T cells, generated in patients with different degrees of COVID-19 severity, and of Spike-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells induced by vaccines. Finally, we discuss T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants and hybrid immunity and conclude by highlighting possible strategies to improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccines Hesitancy and Public Health.","authors":"Francisco Javier Pérez-Rivas, María Julia Ajejas Bazán","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We are delighted to present this editorial to close the Special Issue, 'Vaccines Hesitancy and Public Health', which we have had the honour of coordinating [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against Influenza A-Associated Outpatient and Emergency-Department-Attended Influenza-like Illness during the Delayed 2022-2023 Season in Beijing, China.","authors":"Li Zhang, Guilan Lu, Chunna Ma, Jiaojiao Zhang, Jia Li, Wei Duan, Jiaxin Ma, Weixian Shi, Yingying Wang, Ying Sun, Daitao Zhang, Quanyi Wang, Da Huo","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the 2022-2023 influenza season, the influenza activities in most regions of China were postponed, including Beijing. The unusually delayed influenza epidemic posed a challenge to the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the test-negative design, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2022-2023 influenza season against influenza A-associated outpatient and emergency-department-attended influenza-like illness (ILI) in Beijing, China, from 9 January to 30 April 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 8301 medically attended ILI patients, of which 1342 (46.2%) had influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 1554 (53.4%) had influenza A(H3N2), and 11 (0.4%) had co-infection of the two viruses. VE against influenza A-associated ILI patients was 23.2% (95% CI: -6.5% to 44.6%) overall, and 23.1%, 9.9%, and 33.8% among children aged 6 months to 17 years, adults aged 18-59 years, and adults aged ≥60 years, respectively. VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and against influenza A(H3N2) were 36.2% (95% CI: -1.9% to 60.1%) and 9.5% (95% CI: -34.1% to 39.0%), respectively. VE of the group with vaccination intervals of 14-90 days (70.1%, 95% CI: -145.4 to 96.4) was higher than that of the groups with a vaccination interval of 90-149 days (18.7%, 95% CI: -42.4% to 53.6%) and ≥150 days (21.2%, 95% CI: -18.8% to 47.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A moderate VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and a low VE against influenza A(H3N2) were observed in Beijing during the 2022-2023 influenza season, a season characterized with a delayed and high-intensity influenza epidemic. VE appears to be better within three months after vaccination. Our findings indicate a potential need for the optimization of vaccination policies and underscore the importance of continuous monitoring of influenza to enhance vaccines and optimizing vaccination timing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV Vaccination Coverage in Brazil's State of Paraná: Spatial Distribution and Advances in Public Health.","authors":"Fernando Castilho Pelloso, Daiane Cristina Pazin, Lincoln Luís Silva, Maria Dalva de Barros Carvalho, Deise Helena Pelloso Borghesan, Marcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro, Lander Dos Santos, Helena Fiats Ribeiro, Kely Paviani Stevanato, Vlaudimir Dias Marques, Camila Wohlenberg Camparoto, Constanza Pujals, Raissa Bocchi Pedroso, Sandra Marisa Pelloso","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> To analyze the spatial distribution of HPV vaccination coverage in relation to sociodemographic variables in a state of Southern Brazil. <b>Methods:</b> This was an ecological, retrospective study with secondary data from the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System/Ministry of Health from 2015 to 2022. The cohort method was used to calculate vaccination coverage. Geographically weighted regression was used for the independent variables. <b>Results:</b> There was a 22.04% reduction in vaccination between the first and second doses. Coverage with the first dose of the vaccine reached 95.17% for the female population, 64.67% for the male population, and 79.57% for both sexes. In 50.62% of cities, coverage exceeded 90% for both sexes. In 80.45% of cities, the recommended coverage for females was achieved. The variable municipal performance was positively significant for the increase in vaccination coverage in 45.45% of the regions for girls, 18.18% for boys, and 36.36% for both sexes. The family health strategy variable was significant in 9.09% of the regions for girls and both sexes. The education variable showed an inverse significance for girls in 40.90%, for boys in 18.18%, and for both sexes in 36.36% of the regions. <b>Conclusions:</b> HPV vaccination declined between the first and second doses, with high first-dose coverage among females and moderate coverage among males. Municipal performance notably impacted coverage, particularly for girls. The family health strategy was relevant in specific regions, while educational factors had a variable effect. Addressing these variables may enhance vaccination coverage and minimize the gap between doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}