Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of HPV Vaccination for Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Giuseppina Lo Moro, Erica De Vita, Gianluca Voglino","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090764","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Adolescents with intellectual disabilities may experience inequities in preventive healthcare, including HPV vaccination. This review aimed to synthesize evidence on HPV vaccination-related knowledge, attitudes and perceptions among adolescents with intellectual disabilities, parents/caregivers, educators, healthcare professionals and other stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Scopus on 29 October 2025. Eligible studies reported original data on knowledge, attitudes or perceptions regarding HPV vaccination for adolescents with intellectual disabilities or relevant stakeholders. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251015183). Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies were considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies were included. They were conducted in the USA, Australia and the UK and involved parents/caregivers, healthcare providers, school staff, immunization staff and adolescents or young people with disabilities. Direct evidence from adolescents was limited. HPV-related knowledge was often limited or uneven, and standard information materials were perceived as insufficiently accessible. Parents/caregivers were often broadly supportive of vaccination, but HPV-specific acceptance was affected by perceived low susceptibility, assumptions about sexual inactivity, safety concerns, procedure-related distress and lack of provider recommendation. Healthcare providers generally supported HPV vaccination; however, recommendations were sometimes influenced by perceived sexual activity, age or consent. School-based vaccination was considered useful but required tailored information, preparation, individual adjustments and follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence on HPV vaccination-related knowledge, attitudes and perceptions among adolescents with intellectual disabilities and their stakeholders remains limited and geographically restricted. Improving equitable access may require interventions that should be further investigated, such as accessible communication, systematic provider recommendation, flexible vaccination pathways and greater involvement of adolescents in decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Intention to Be Vaccinated Against Seasonal Influenza in Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Health Belief Model Constructs in Serbia.","authors":"Larisa Vujnovic, Biljana Kilibarda, Sofija Jovanovic, Dragana Dimitrijevic, Milunka Milinkovic, Zoran Bukumiric, Verica Jovanovic","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090763","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> As seasonal influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Serbia remains suboptimal, we aimed to identify HCW beliefs associated with their intention to receive seasonal influenza vaccine (\"vaccination intention\") in the season 2024/2025. <b>Methods:</b> In a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2024, healthcare institutions were selected from a national registry, using multi-stage sampling stratified by geographical region and healthcare level. All consenting HCWs present on the survey day self-completed questionnaires. Five dichotomised Health Belief Model constructs were assessed: perceived susceptibility to influenza, perceived disease severity, perceived vaccination benefits, perceived physical and psychological barriers, and perceived cues for action (recommendation by another HCW, someone close, or a supervisor). The association of vaccination intention (yes/no/undecided) with Health Belief Model constructs, demographic and occupational factors were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> Of 1919 respondents, 30% declared positive vaccination intention, 52.5% no intention, and 17.5% were undecided. Compared with no intention, positive vaccination intention was associated with perceived self-benefit (aOR = 6.22, CI = 3.49-11.08), perceived patient benefit (aOR = 2.26, CI = 1.48-3.45), perceived susceptibility (aOR = 3.26, CI = 2.19-4.86), and perceived vaccine safety (aOR = 2.95, CI = 1.93-4.50). Participants were more likely to be undecided than reject vaccination if they experienced higher perceived susceptibility (aOR = 2.93, CI = 1.89-4.54), perceived influenza as severe (aOR = 2.04, CI = 1.30-3.21), perceived patient benefits (aOR = 1.77, CI = 1.14-2.74), or recalled receiving a recommendation from another HCW (aOR = 2.63, CI = 1.17-5.85). <b>Conclusions:</b> HCWs' positive vaccination intention was associated with beliefs relevant for personal health and patient benefits. The undecided group showed a distinct pattern of beliefs warranting their separate analysis and specific approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiological Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Nanning City, China (2024-2025): A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Chang Huang, Tao Lan, Bin Xu, Qiuyun Deng, Chi Tang","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090765","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This cross-sectional study characterized HBV serological profiles and associated factors among pregnant women in Nanning to inform targeted MTCT prevention strategies. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 1935 pregnant women were enrolled via stratified cluster random sampling from October 2024 to May 2025. Five HBV serological markers were quantified by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Multivariable analysis identified factors associated with HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb positivity. HBsAb geometric mean concentration (GMC) and ratio (GMR) were calculated. <b>Results:</b> The overall seropositivity rates (with 95% CI) of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb were 6.98% (5.92-8.20%), 59.48% (57.28-61.65%), 1.50% (1.05-2.14%), 15.50% (13.96-17.18%), and 33.02% (30.96-35.15%), respectively. HBsAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb positivity increased with age. The HBsAb GMC among uninfected pregnant women was 4.63 mIU/mL (95% CI: 3.72-5.75). Rural pregnant women had lower HBsAb seropositivity than urban counterparts. Unvaccinated women or those with unknown vaccination status showed higher HBsAg, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb positivity, and lower HBsAb seropositivity, compared with vaccinated women. Advanced age, chronic comorbidities, and HBV exposure were risk factors for HBsAg positivity, whereas HBV vaccination was protective. For HBsAb, higher education and vaccination were protective; advanced age, rural residence, chronic comorbidities, and non-medical occupations were risk factors. For HBcAb, advanced age, chronic comorbidities, and HBV exposure were risk factors, while higher education and vaccination were protective. <b>Conclusions:</b> Pregnant women in Nanning have a high HBV prevalence and insufficient immune protection. Targeted prevention strategies for reproductive-age women are urgently needed to reduce vertical transmission risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Instrument for Assessing Determinants of HPV Vaccine Readiness and Uptake Among Caregivers in Pakistan: A PLS-SEM Approach.","authors":"Khola Noreen, Samina Naeem Khalid, Saba Maryam, Mehreen Noor, Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090761","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: HPV vaccination coverage in Pakistan is extremely low, and there are complex psychosocial, cultural, and logistical barriers that currently impede vaccinations. There is no validated measurement tool that is appropriate to the context to measure these determinants systematically. <b>Objective</b>: To develop and validate a multidimensional instrument measuring important factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake and readiness in Pakistan through partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). <b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional survey was administered to caregivers of girls aged 9-16 years, recruited via purposive/convenience sampling from schools, EPI sites, and household outreach in three Punjab/ICT districts (Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Bahawalpur) during September-November 2025, coinciding with Pakistan's national HPV vaccination campaign (700 initial responses; 639 retained after screening). The instrument comprised 75 initial items across six constructs: thinking and feeling, social processes, motivation, practical issues, cultural integration, and the vaccination uptake composite index (a composite index of actual vaccination receipt, intention, perceived importance, and perceived access). The measurement model was evaluated for indicator/construct reliability, convergent validity (AVE), and discriminant validity (HTMT, Fornell-Larcker, cross-loadings); the structural model tested direct effects, mediation via motivation, and moderation by practical issues and cultural integration. <b>Results</b>: The number of indicators after model refinement was 27 in six constructs. All outer loadings exceeded 0.70 (range: 0.765-0.939). Cronbach's α ranged from 0.854 to 0.928, composite reliability from 0.912 to 0.945, and AVE from 0.710 to 0.850. All the HTMT ratios were less than 0.90; Fornell-Larcker and cross-loadings criteria supported discriminant validity. The relationships between thinking and feeling (β = 0.098, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and social processes (β = 0.155, <i>p</i> < 0.001) with vaccination uptake were significantly mediated by motivation. Social and cognitive pathways were moderated by cultural integration. The model accounted for 65.8% of the variance in motivation and 59.4% in uptake of vaccination. <b>Conclusions</b>: The instrument was found to have good psychometric properties and to be suitable suitable for evaluating the determinants of HPV vaccination in conservative, resource-constrained countries such as Pakistan. Findings have direct implications for targeted public health interventions to improve HPV vaccine readiness and uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Effectiveness of Egg-Based Inactivated Influenza Vaccines Against Influenza Among Children Aged 6-59 Months During the 2025/26 Season in Shenzhen Area, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Hui-Ling Tan, Wu Li, Yu Zeng, Rui-Kun Zeng, Jia-Xin Zhong, Hou-Ming Wei","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090762","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Young children are at high risk of influenza and its complications, yet evidence on the real-world effectiveness of egg-based inactivated influenza vaccines in children aged 6-59 months remains limited during antigenically drifted seasons. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using linked immunization and influenza surveillance records from 4 August 2025 to 8 February 2026. Vaccinated and unvaccinated children aged 6-59 months were matched 1:1 using propensity scores based on demographic characteristics, routine and non-routine vaccination history, prior seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV), and prior influenza infection. For vaccinated children, the index date was defined as the date of the last SIV received during the study period; matched unvaccinated children were assigned the corresponding index date. Follow-up began 14 days later and continued until influenza onset or 8 February 2026. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Sensitivity analyses included a negative control outcome analysis using varicella infection, a multivariable logistic regression analysis with influenza infection as the outcome, and a time-dependent exposure Cox regression analysis in the full eligible cohort. <b>Results</b>: A total of 26,444 children were included in the final cohort (13,239 vaccinated and 13,205 unvaccinated). Influenza incidence rates were 28.70 and 40.21 per 100 person-years in vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, respectively. The aVE was 28.82% (95% CI: 23.07-34.14%). aVE was generally consistent across most subgroups, but was lower in children vaccinated in the previous season than in those without prior-season vaccination (20.41% vs. 34.28%; <i>p</i> for interaction = 0.016). Sensitivity analyses yielded comparable VE estimates. <b>Conclusions</b>: Egg-based inactivated influenza vaccination conferred moderate real-world protection against influenza in children aged 6-59 months during the 2025/26 season. Continued monitoring of vaccine effectiveness is needed to inform vaccination strategies in young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological Protection After Routine Measles-Containing Vaccination Among Children Aged 1-5 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Imtiaz Hussain, Babar Tasneem Shaikh, Haider Abbas, Ahmad Khan, Sajid Bashir Soofi","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090760","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090760","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt;: Measles remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite widespread implementation of routine two-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV) schedules. Serological assessment provides an objective measure of vaccine-induced immunity; however, evidence describing post-vaccination serological protection among children in LMICs remains fragmented and methodologically heterogeneous. &lt;b&gt;Objective&lt;/b&gt;: To synthesize evidence on serological protection following routine two-dose MCV among children aged 1-5 years in LMICs and to identify determinants of immunity, methodological limitations, and evidence gaps relevant to immunization programmes. &lt;b&gt;Methods&lt;/b&gt;: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines and prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261300545). Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCO), and SciSpace on 21 January 2026. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality of evidence using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis; therefore, findings were synthesized narratively. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Eighteen studies met the eligibility. These studies were from 14 LMICs across four WHO regions (61.1% African Region, 27.8% Eastern Mediterranean Region, 5.6% each South-East Asia and the region of the Americas). Reported MCV seroprotection following completion of the two-dose schedule generally ranged from 30.6% to 100%, with the highest levels (87-100%), but with evident lower protection in specific settings, such as rural Pakistan (30.6%) and Ethiopia (40-54%) despite having documented vaccination records. Lower protection was consistently associated with undernutrition, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, incomplete or delayed vaccination, younger age at first dose, and weak programme performance. Considerable variability was observed in study design, vaccination schedules, laboratory assays (ELISA, PRNT, haemagglutination inhibition, and others), seroprotective thresholds, timing of antibody assessment, and participant characteristics. Risk of bias was largely moderate-to-high, and certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;: Routine two-dose measles vaccination generally provides substantial serological protection among children aged 1-5 years in LMICs. Nevertheless, methodological heterogeneity and geographical evidence gaps limit direct comparisons and reduce confidence in cross-study interpretation. Greater standardization of serological assessment and thresholds, harmonized reporting methods, and well-designed longitudinal studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base and support immunization policies aimed at achieving and sustaining me","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on Kura et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Clesrovimab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants in the United States. <i>Vaccines</i> 2026, <i>14</i>, 411.","authors":"Erin N Hodges, Mehdi Ghemmouri, Maureen P Neary, Veronica Gabriel, Cecilia Ottaviano, Karine Mari, Veronica Ottobrino, Ayman Chit, Joseph Domachowske, Benjamin Yarnoff, Robert Musci, Leonard R Krilov","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090758","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We read with interest the study by Kura et al [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Hodges et al. Comment on \"Kura et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Clesrovimab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants in the United States. <i>Vaccines</i> 2026, <i>14</i>, 411\".","authors":"Klodeta Kura, John C Lang, Dawei Wang, Yoonyoung Choi, Michelle G Goveia, Anushua Sinha, Yao-Hsuan Chen, Elamin H Elbasha","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090759","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We thank the authors for their interest in our analysis [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Chikungunya Prevention and Vaccination in Mexico: A Position Paper by the Immunization Committee of the Mexican Association of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Jorge A Vázquez-Narváez, Martha Avilés-Robles, Carmen Espinosa-Sotero, Cesar Adrián Martínez-Longoria, Sarbelio Moreno-Espinosa, Monica L Reyes-Berlanga, Enrique Chacon-Cruz","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090756","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus transmitted predominantly by <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes albopictus</i>. Infection is characterized by an acute febrile illness accompanied by debilitating polyarthralgia, myalgia, and cutaneous manifestations. Although the acute syndrome is usually self-limited, a substantial proportion of patients experience persistent musculoskeletal symptoms that may progress to chronic inflammatory arthritis, resulting in prolonged disability and impaired quality of life. <b>Objective:</b> To summarize current evidence on the epidemiology, virology, immunopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, prevention, and vaccine development of CHIKV, with particular emphasis on its implications for public health policy and immunization strategies in Mexico. <b>Methods:</b> This position paper was developed through a structured narrative review of the scientific literature. Publications indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, together with documents issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and European Medicines Agency (EMA), were critically reviewed. Evidence was selected according to its scientific quality and relevance to Mexico and Latin America. Because this work represents an expert consensus rather than a systematic review, no formal risk-of-bias assessment was performed. <b>Results:</b> CHIKV circulates through both urban and sylvatic transmission cycles and continues to expand into regions where competent mosquito vectors are established. Disease progression is driven by complex innate and adaptive immune responses, with exaggerated inflammatory activation contributing to chronic rheumatologic sequelae. Laboratory confirmation relies primarily on molecular assays during the viremic phase and serological testing thereafter. Recent advances in vaccine development-including live-attenuated and virus-like particle (VLP) platforms-have demonstrated favorable immunogenicity and acceptable safety profiles. However, vaccination should be considered one component of an integrated prevention strategy that also includes vector surveillance, environmental control, and rapid outbreak detection. <b>Conclusions:</b> Chikungunya remains an emerging global public health challenge because of its expanding geographic distribution, epidemic potential, and long-term clinical consequences. Incorporating vaccination into comprehensive arboviral control programs, together with strengthened surveillance and integrated vector management, may substantially reduce disease burden. This position paper provides evidence-based recommendations to support future chikungunya prevention and vaccination policies in Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health System Capacity to Deliver Routine Childhood Immunisations: An Assessment of Health Facilities in Gazelle and Kokopo Districts, East New Britain.","authors":"Milena Dalton, Stefanie Vaccher, Christopher Morgan, Benjamin Sanderson, Pele Melepia, Hannah A James, Lynette Duwaba, Benjamin Paivu, Patrick Kiromat, Elsie Stanley, Edward Waramin, Moses Laman, Caroline S E Homer, Michelle J L Scoullar, Leanne J Robinson, Margie Danchin, William Pomat","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090755","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over the past decade, the East New Britain Provincial Health Authority in Papua New Guinea has worked with partner research organisations to implement data-driven interventions to improve immunisation coverage. This paper reports on facility assessments conducted as part of a cross-sectional study to understand improvements and identify enablers and barriers to routine childhood immunisation in the province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between May and August 2023, nine urban and rural health facilities, providing immunisation services at the time of the study in five areas, were assessed using an adapted World Health Organisation (WHO) Service Availability and Readiness Assessment tool. The tool evaluated facility characteristics, routine childhood immunisation readiness and vaccine supply data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and findings were mapped to adapted WHO health system categories to identify service delivery improvement priorities.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Several aspects of immunisation service availability and quality had improved since an assessment in 2016/17. Strengths included fixed-facility and outreach service models tailored to catchment populations, high availability of cold chain and vaccine administration equipment, improved immunisation guidance and job-aids. Priority areas included increasing workforce capacity, improving health record completion to inform outreach, increasing availability of guidelines and reporting tools, reducing stock-outs and enhancing stock tracking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Offering accessible vaccination at every opportunity and using quality data to inform programme implementation and resource allocation are priorities for the Provincial Health Authority. This facility-level assessment identified existing immunisation delivery strengths and highlighted community- and provincial-level priority investment areas to strengthen facility capacity and routine immunisation service delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}