Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific Antibodies in Vaccinated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.","authors":"Eva Ulla Lorentzen, Richard Vollenberg, Rieke Neddermeyer, Michael Schoefbaenker, Eike R Hrincius, Stephan Ludwig, Phil-Robin Tepasse, Joachim Ewald Kuehn","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13060595","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13060595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) undergoing treatment with anti-TNF antibodies mount a diminished humoral immune response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 compared to healthy controls. The characterization of variant-specific immune responses is particularly warranted among immunosuppressed patients, where reduced responses may necessitate further medical interventions. <b>Methods:</b> This pilot study investigated the humoral immune response of vaccinated IBD patients on anti-TNF medication and a comparable group of healthy individuals against the viral variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5. While total IgG antibodies targeting the receptor binding site of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were quantified using a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), their potential neutralizing capacity was determined using commercial and variant-specific in-house surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNTs) against a variant-specific in-house VSV-pseudotyped virus neutralization test (pVNT) as the gold standard. <b>Results:</b> Employing variant-specific assays recapitulated the immune escape functions of virus variants. Conspicuously, antibody reactivity against Alpha and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 was strikingly poor in IBD patient sera post-initial vaccination compared to healthy individuals. A comparison of the diagnostic performance of assays with the pVNT revealed that identification of patients with inadequate humoral responses by CMIA and sVNT may require adjustments to cut-off values and end-point titration of sera. Following adaptation of cut-off values, patient sera exhibited reduced reactivity against all tested variants. The assay panel used substantiated the impact of anti-TNF therapy in IBD patients as to reduced strength, function, and breadth of the immune response to several SARS-CoV-2 variants. The immune response measured following the second vaccination was comparable to the antibody response observed in healthy individuals following the first vaccination. <b>Conclusion:</b> Variant-specific sVNTs and pVNTs have the potential to serve as valuable tools for evaluating the efficacy of adapted vaccines and to inform clinical interventions in the care of immunosuppressed patients. Anti-TNF-treated individuals with antibody levels below the optimized CMIA threshold should be considered for early booster vaccination and/or close immunological monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal Administration of Cold-Adapted Live-Attenuated Eurasian Avian-like H1N1 Vaccine Candidate Confers Protection Against Different-Lineage H1N1 Viruses in Mice.","authors":"Qiu Zhong, Zuchen Song, Fei Meng, Yanwen Wang, Yijie Zhang, Zijian Feng, Yali Zhang, Yujia Zhai, Yan Chen, Chuanling Qiao, Hualan Chen, Huanliang Yang","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13060596","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13060596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 swine influenza viruses, with their persistent evolution and zoonotic potential, seriously threaten both swine and human health. The objective was to develop an effective vaccine against these viruses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) candidate, GX18<i>ca</i>, was developed. It was derived from the wild-type EA H1N1 strain A/swine/Guangxi/18/2011 (GX18) through serial passaging in embryonated eggs at temperatures decreasing from 33 °C to 25 °C. Its characteristics were studied in mice, including attenuation, immune responses (mucosal IgA, serum IgG, IFN-γ+ CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-cell responses), and protective efficacy against homologous (GX18), heterologous EA H1N1 (LN972), and human 2009/H1N1 (SC1) viruses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GX18<i>ca</i> showed cold-adapted and temperature-sensitive phenotypes. In mice, it was attenuated, with viral titers in the nasal turbinates and lungs reduced 1000-10,000-fold compared to the wild-type strain, and it cleared by day 5 post infection. Intranasal immunization elicited strong cross-reactive immune responses. Mucosal IgA had broad reactivity, and serum IgG titers reached high levels. IFN-γ+ CD4^+/CD8⁺ T-cell responses were detected against all the tested viruses. A single dose of GX18<i>ca</i> fully protected against GX18 and LN972 challenges, and two doses significantly reduced SC1 lung viral loads, preventing mortality and weight loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GX18<i>ca</i> is a promising LAIV candidate. It can induce broad immunity, addressing the cross-protection gaps against evolving EA H1N1 SIVs and zoonotic H1N1 variants, which is crucial for swine influenza control and pandemic preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cost-Effectiveness of the Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination in Asia Pacific Countries: What Lessons Can Indonesia Learn?-A Systematic Review.","authors":"Suzanna Patricia Mongan, Joshua Byrnes, Hansoo Kim","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13060593","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13060593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Cervical cancer is a significant issue in Indonesia, with many cases diagnosed at advanced stages. Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has long been recommended by the WHO, it was only recently included in Indonesia's immunization program in 2023. This study aimed to examine the existing prevention strategies and their effectiveness through systematic review of the existing literature. <b>Methods</b>: We searched for cost-effectiveness studies of HPV vaccination in Asia Pacific countries from inception until 23 July 2023, using MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. The search strategy included keywords and subject terms for primary prevention, HPV vaccination, cervical cancer, and selected Asia Pacific Countries (Thailand, Vietnam, China, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand, and Hong Kong). Studies selected were limited to original research articles with full text published in English in peer-reviewed journals, describing the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination in cervical cancer prevention in the Asia Pacific countries. Studies were excluded if there were no full text was available, if it was the wrong study design, non-English, or not based in the specific Asia Pacific countries selected. The titles and abstracts were screened, followed by full-text reviews using Covidence software, and analyzed using Excel. <b>Results</b>: Forty-three studies were included for review: 51% in high-income countries (HICs), 37% in upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), and 12% in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). All studies concluded that HPV vaccination is more cost-effective than screening alone. Nonavalent HPV vaccines were more cost-effective in HICs (80%), bivalent vaccines were more cost-effective in UMICs (66%), and gender-neutral vaccination was cost-effective compared to screening in all studies conducted. <b>Conclusions</b>: HPV vaccination is a cost-effective prevention strategy for cervical cancer across all resource settings, offering greater value compared to screening alone. Selecting the most economically viable vaccine type and expanding to gender-neutral vaccination could enhance early prevention efforts. These findings offer guidance for Indonesia in designing evidence-based HPV vaccination policies as a part of national cancer control efforts. Further investigation is necessary to determine the optimal strategy for HPV vaccination in Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Adjuvant Effects of Lentinan on the Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine BG.","authors":"Shuai Zhou, Yilin Hou, Xiaojuan Zhang, Zhuoxuan Lv, Quanjie Hu, Xiaobing Yang, Hongxia Niu","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13060597","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13060597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: This study aims to assess the adjuvant effects of lentinan and its combination with Mn(J), a manganese-based colloidal adjuvant, on the BG (fusion protein BfrB-GrpE of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>) subunit vaccine. <b>Methods</b>: A rabbit skin infection model was established to evaluate the immune protection conferred by the BG-lentinan vaccine, the BG-lentinan/Mn(J) vaccine, and the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis. Rabbits were vaccinated at weeks 0, 2, and 4. Six weeks post-vaccination, antigen-specific IgG levels were measured, followed by a BCG skin challenge. <b>Results</b>: Both the BG-lentinan and BG-lentinan/Mn(J) vaccines significantly increased antigen-specific IgG levels against BfrB and GrpE in rabbits (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, these vaccines accelerated the pathological process following BCG infection. The bacterial load in nodules was notably reduced, with the BG-lentinan vaccine group exhibiting the lowest levels (<i>p</i> < 0.01). <b>Conclusions</b>: Lentinan and its combined adjuvant, lentinan/Mn(J), significantly enhance the immune response elicited by the BG tuberculosis subunit vaccine, providing effective protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-Generation Vaccine Platforms: Integrating Synthetic Biology, Nanotechnology, and Systems Immunology for Improved Immunogenicity.","authors":"Majid Eslami, Bahram Fadaee Dowlat, Shayan Yaghmayee, Anoosha Habibian, Saeedeh Keshavarzi, Valentyn Oksenych, Ramtin Naderian","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13060588","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13060588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of complex and rapidly evolving pathogens necessitates innovative vaccine platforms that move beyond traditional methods. This review explores the transformative potential of next-generation vaccine technologies, focusing on the combined use of synthetic biology, nanotechnology, and systems immunology. Synthetic biology provides modular tools for designing antigenic components with improved immunogenicity, as seen in mRNA, DNA, and peptide-based platforms featuring codon optimization and self-amplifying constructs. At the same time, nanotechnology enables precise antigen delivery and controlled immune activation through engineered nanoparticles such as lipid-based carriers, virus-like particles, and polymeric systems to improve stability, targeting, and dose efficiency. Systems immunology aids these advancements by analyzing immune responses through multi-omics data and computational modeling, which assists in antigen selection, immune profiling, and adjuvant optimization. This approach enhances both humoral and cellular immunity, solving challenges like antigen presentation, response durability, and vaccine personalization. Case studies on SARS-CoV-2, Epstein-Barr virus, and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> highlight the practical application of these platforms. Despite promising progress, challenges include scalability, safety evaluation, and ethical concerns with data-driven vaccine designs. Ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial to fully develop these technologies for strong, adaptable, globally accessible vaccines. This review emphasizes next-generation vaccines as foundational for future immunoprophylaxis, especially against emerging infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Synergistic Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting Non-Dominant Epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 RBD and NTD.","authors":"Hualong Feng, Zuowei Wang, Ling Li, Yunjian Li, Maosheng Lu, Xixian Chen, Lin Hu, Yi Sun, Ruiping Du, Rongrong Qin, Xuanyi Chen, Liwei Jiang, Teng Zuo","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13060592","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13060592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Identification and characterization of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2, either by infection or vaccination, can inform the development of next-generation vaccines and antibody therapeutics with pan-SARS-CoV-2 protection. <b>Methods</b>: Through single B cell sorting and RT-PCR, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were isolated from a donor who experienced a BA.5 or BF.7 breakthrough infection after three doses of inactivated vaccines. Their binding and neutralizing capacities were measured with ELISA and a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay, respectively. Their epitopes were mapped by competition ELISA and site-directed mutation. <b>Results</b>: Among a total of 67 spike-specific mAbs cloned from the donor, four mAbs (KXD643, KXD652, KXD681, and KXD686) can neutralize all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants from wild-type to KP.3. Moreover, KXD643, KXD652, and KXD681 belong to a clonotype encoded by IGHV5-51 and IGKV1-13 and recognize the cryptic and conserved RBD-8 epitope on the receptor-binding domain (RBD). In contrast, KXD686 is encoded by IGHV1-69 and IGKV3-20 and targets a conserved epitope (NTD Site iv) outside the antigenic supersite (NTD Site i) of the N-terminal domain (NTD). Notably, antibody cocktails containing these two groups of mAbs can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 more potently due to synergistic effects. In addition, bispecific antibodies derived from KXD643 and KXD686 demonstrate further improved neutralizing potency compared to antibody cocktails. <b>Conclusions</b>: These four mAbs can be developed as candidates of pan-SARS-CoV-2 antibody therapeutics through further antibody engineering. On the other hand, vaccines designed to simultaneously elicit neutralizing antibodies towards RBD-8 and NTD Site iv have the potential to provide pan-SARS-CoV-2 protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting HPV Vaccination in College Students Through Educational Video: Results from a Randomized Trial.","authors":"Angela Chia-Chen Chen, Kimberly Arcoleo, Alli Walsh","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13060587","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13060587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of several cancers, yet HPV vaccination rates among U.S. young adults remain low. This study evaluated the effect of a brief educational video, co-developed with college students, in increasing HPV vaccination intention among unvaccinated college-aged individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-group randomized controlled trial was conducted among 215 college students aged 18-26 who had not received the HPV vaccine. Participants were randomly assigned to two interventions: a video group (<i>n</i> = 111) or a leaflet group that viewed a CDC-based educational sheet (<i>n</i> = 104). Pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed HPV knowledge, perceived risk, facilitators and barriers to vaccination, cultural beliefs, and vaccination intention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, <i>t</i>-tests, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank, and Mann-Whitney U tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, approximately 56% of the sample (<i>n</i> = 215; mean age = 23.5, 71.2% male) have learned about HPV in the past. Although both groups improved in HPV knowledge, perceived lower risk, and cultural beliefs, between-group differences in these theoretical mediators were not statistically significant. Vaccination intention (those who responded \"Yes\" or \"Maybe\") increased by 10.8% in the video group but decreased by 11.6% in the leaflet group following the intervention; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A brief, participatory, and theory-based video significantly increased HPV vaccination intent among unvaccinated college students. Compared to the leaflet intervention, the video intervention offers a promising and scalable public health strategy for promoting HPV vaccination in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities to Increase Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among Pregnant Women: Insights from Surveys in 2013 and 2023.","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhang, Wanting Hong, Rui Wang, Lin Bao, Cheng Liu, Pengwei Cui, Yayun Tan, Hui Hang, Yuanyuan Pang, Qian Xu, Ge Tian, Jiarun Jiang, Suping Zhang, Liling Chen","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13060589","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13060589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health departments disseminate health education related to influenza to the public through various media in China. We examined knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding influenza and the influenza vaccine (KAP-flu) over time among pregnant women (PW) compared to non-PW.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Suzhou, China in 2013 and 2023. We included and interviewed PW seeking prenatal care and excluded PW there for non-routine visits. The comparison group was drawn from non-PW seeking physical examinations at the same facilities. Stratified cluster sampling was used to enroll participants from the various levels of prenatal-care facilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2013, we surveyed 1673 PW and 401 non-PW, and in 2023, we surveyed 2195 PW and 1171 non-PW. The proportion of PW who had ever heard of the influenza vaccine showed no significant change, at 56% in 2013 and 57% in 2023; by contrast, there was a significant increase among non-PW (55% to 78%). The proportion of pregnant participants who knew when to get vaccinated dropped from 14% to 12%, in contrast to the increase among non-PW (6% to 20%). The proportion of PW who believed that the influenza vaccine is effective dropped from 91% in 2013 to 76% in 2023, in contrast to the stable value among non-PW (84% to 82%). In 2023, pregnant participants exhibited lower levels of knowledge about both influenza disease and the influenza vaccine, along with less positive attitudes toward the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine. They also showed lower willingness to vaccinate and lower vaccination rates compared to non-pregnant participants. Concerning KAP-flu among PW, less than half recognized that influenza is different from a common cold; fewer than one in five understood the timing and frequency of vaccination or the policy prioritizing PW for influenza vaccination; vaccination coverage remained below 2% over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PW had concerning gaps in knowledge and attitudes regarding influenza and the influenza vaccine compared to non-PW in Suzhou, China. Specific actions targeting PW, such as initiatives leveraging the maternal and child healthcare system, are warranted to reduce the gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Accepting or Rejecting Influenza Vaccination-Results of a Survey Among Ligurian Pharmacy Visitors During the 2023/2024 Vaccination Campaign.","authors":"Daniela Amicizia, Silvia Allegretti, Federico Grammatico, Matteo Astengo, Francesca Marchini, Alberto Battaglini, Irene Schenone, Irene Schiavetti, Camilla Sticchi, Barbara Rebesco, Filippo Ansaldi","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13060580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13060580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Seasonal influenza vaccination is crucial for reducing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burdens. The 2023/2024 Ligurian vaccination campaign (Italy) utilized an inclusive model involving local health authorities, general practitioners, pediatricians, and pharmacies to enhance accessibility. Our study aimed at focusing on factors influencing vaccine uptake, public attitudes and access to preventive healthcare services. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in Ligurian pharmacies visitors during the vaccination campaign. A self-administered structured questionnaire gathered data on demographics, vaccination history, healthcare access, and awareness. <b>Results:</b> The study included 30,499 participants, and the median age with P25-P75 (years) was 62.0 [47.0-74.0]; 54.6% were female. Considering determinants of accepting influenza vaccination, age was identified as a strong independent predictor. Each one-year increase in age was associated with a 3.8% increase in the odds of influenza vaccination (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.03-1.04, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared to individuals who never visited their general practitioners, those who visited \"sometimes\", \"often\", or \"very often\" had significantly higher odds of influenza vaccination (OR 1.54, 1.97, and 1.98, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.001 for all categories). The strongest predictor of influenza vaccination in the 2023/2024 season was having received the influenza vaccine in the previous season (2022/2023) (OR 71.73, 95% CI 65.38-78.78, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Consistent with increasing age predicting higher influenza vaccination uptake, older age was associated with lower odds of refusing the vaccine due to the belief that \"getting or transmitting influenza does not matter\" or due to \"other or unspecified reasons\". In contrast, receipt of the COVID-19 vaccination significantly increased the odds of holding these opinions. Among individuals who cited reasons such as fear of side effects, concerns about vaccine safety, fear of injections, general opposition to vaccines, or doubts about vaccine effectiveness, having received the COVID-19 vaccine was associated with lower odds of citing these as barriers to influenza vaccination. <b>Conclusions:</b> Fear of side effects and perceived unnecessary vaccination are key barriers. Targeted education and the involvement of general practitioners could enhance vaccine acceptance, particularly among hesitant groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult Vaccinations Today-Innovations and Challenges for the Coming Years.","authors":"Helena C Maltezou, Dimitrios C Cassimos, Nikolaos V Sipsas, Snezana Medic","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13060583","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13060583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Routine pediatric vaccinations have resulted in dramatic declines in the incidence and complications of several vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) over the past fifty years. At the same time, the prolongation of life expectancy and the large number of adults living with chronic medical conditions changed the demographic profile and, accordingly, the healthcare needs. The recognition of the burden and effects of several VPDs in adults and in particular risk groups and the comprehension of the age-dependent deterioration of immune responses have driven the extension of routine vaccination programs beyond adolescence. In addition, several VPDs emerged or re-emerged over the past decades, and new vaccines have been developed or are under clinical assessment. Currently, vaccination programs in many countries include vaccinations for adults, aiming to expand and strengthen protection throughout the lifespan and promote healthy aging. Moreover, there are needs for new or more effective vaccines against common or emerging pathogens and public health threats, including chronic diseases. This article reviews the current status of several adult vaccinations and discusses challenges for adult vaccinations, including new vaccines, emerging or re-emerging VPDs, and strategies to overcome low vaccination rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}