Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Vaccinating in Different Settings: Best Practices from Italian Regions.","authors":"Carlo Signorelli, Flavia Pennisi, Anna Carole D'Amelio, Michele Conversano, Sandro Cinquetti, Lorenzo Blandi, Giovanni Rezza","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010016","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The success of vaccination programs depends on a complex interplay of logistical, social, and structural factors. The objective of this study was to analyze the different approaches to vaccine administration implemented by several Italian regions since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After careful qualitative review of information gathered from scientific articles, official reports (grey literature), contact with regional health authorities, and local health departments, five vaccination strategies across several Italian regions focusing on alternative vaccine providers and/or settings were identified. The innovative practices implemented by different actors covered specific topics and were then examined and described in detail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Veneto, where prevention departments were the main actor, herpes zoster vaccination coverage for the 65-year-old cohort increased from 44.4% to 54.9%; in Tuscany, family pediatricians administered 64% of all childhood vaccines; in Liguria, pharmacies delivered 70.1% of COVID-19 vaccines, while vaccinating in schools in Taranto led to higher human papilloma virus vaccination rates compared to regional and national averages. Finally, in all the regions, hospitals focused on vaccinating healthcare workers and vulnerable populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The positive outcomes of these five experiences may, in a context of limited resources, encourage other national and international entities to adopt innovative practices, which offer new perspectives beyond the traditional delivery methods (i.e., local health authority vaccination centers for childhood and adolescent immunizations, and family doctors for adults and the elderly). These strategies suggest the efficacy of specific local approaches favored by regional autonomy in optimizing vaccine distribution and coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal Immunization with an Influenza Vector Carrying SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Protects Naïve Mice and Prevents Disease Enhancement in Seropositive Th2-Prone Mice.","authors":"Mariia V Sergeeva, Kirill Vasilev, Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko, Nikita Yolshin, Anastasia Pulkina, Daria Shamakova, Anna-Polina Shurygina, Arman Muzhikyan, Dmitry Lioznov, Marina Stukova","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010015","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Intranasal vaccination enhances protection against respiratory viruses by providing stimuli to the immune system at the primary site of infection, promoting a balanced and effective response. Influenza vectors with truncated NS1 are a promising vaccine approach that ensures a pronounced local CD8+ T-cellular immune response. Here, we describe the protective and immunomodulating properties of an influenza vector FluVec-N carrying the C-terminal fragment of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein within a truncated NS1 open reading frame. <b>Methods</b>: We generated several FluVec-N recombinant vectors by reverse genetics and confirmed the vector's genetic stability, antigen expression in vitro, attenuation, and immunogenicity in a mouse model. We tested the protective potential of FluVec-N intranasal immunization in naïve mice and seropositive Th2-prone mice, primed with aluminium-adjuvanted inactivated SARS-CoV-2. Immune response in immunized and challenged mice was analyzed through serological methods and flow cytometry. <b>Results</b>: Double intranasal immunization of naïve mice with FluVec-N reduced weight loss and viral load in the lungs following infection with the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant. Mice primed with alum-adjuvanted inactivated coronavirus experienced substantial early weight loss and eosinophilia in the lungs during infection, demonstrating signs of enhanced disease. A single intranasal boost immunization with FluVec-N prevented the disease enhancement in primed mice by modulating the local immune response. Protection was associated with the formation of specific IgA and the early activation of virus-specific effector and resident CD8+ lymphocytes in mouse lungs. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our study supports the potential of immunization with influenza vector vaccines to prevent respiratory diseases and associated immunopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating Immune Responses Induced by PEGylated Messenger RNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccine.","authors":"Hyein Jo, Jaewhoon Jeoung, Wonho Kim, Dooil Jeoung","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010014","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics have shown remarkable progress in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown great successes in delivering mRNAs. After an mRNA-LNP vaccine enters a cell via an endosome, mRNA is translated into an antigen, which can activate adaptive immunity. mRNAs can bind to various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including toll-like receptors (TLRs), and increase the production of inflammatory cytokines. This review summarizes mechanisms of innate immunity induced by mRNAs. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been employed as a component of the mRNA-LNP vaccine. PEGylated nanoparticles display enhanced stability by preventing aggregation of particles. However, PEGylation can cause adverse reactions, including blood clearance (ABC) of nanoparticles via complement activation and anaphylaxis. Mechanisms of PEG-induced ABC phenomenon and anaphylaxis are presented and discussed. There have been studies aimed at reducing immune responses associated with PEG to make safe and effective vaccines. Effects of modifying or replacing PEG in reducing immune responses associated with PEGylated nanoparticles are also discussed. Modifying mRNA can induce immune tolerance, which can prevent hypersensitivity reactions induced by PEGylated mRNA-LNP vaccines. Current progress of immune tolerance induction in association with mRNA-LNP is also summarized. This review might be helpful for developing safe and effective PEGylated mRNA-LNP vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Addis Declaration on Immunization: Assessing the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Immunization Service Delivery Systems in Africa as of the End of 2023.","authors":"Franck Mboussou, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Bridget Farham, Ado Bwaka, Sarah Wanyoike, Amos Petu, Sidy Ndiaye, Andre Bita Fouda, Johnson Muluh Ticha, Adidja Amani, Regis Obiang, Magaran Monzon Bagayoko, Benido Impouma","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The Addis Declaration on Immunization (ADI) is a historic pledge aiming at increasing political will to achieve universal access to immunization services and includes ten commitments to shape the future of immunization in Africa. <b>Methods</b>: To analyze African countries' performance in achieving the fourth ADI commitment, a cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted including the 54 African Member States of the World Health Organization (WHO) out of 55 African Union (AU) Member States. The fourth ADI commitment aims at increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of immunization delivery systems and has four performance indicators. <b>Results</b>: The median percentage of districts with less than 10% of dropout rate between the first dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccine (DTP1) and the third dose (DTP3) was 86.5%, ranging from 22% to 100%. Thirty-four countries (63%) recorded 80% or above of districts with less than 10% dropout rate between DTP1 and DTP3. Eleven countries (20.3%) and ten countries (18.5%) sustained 90% or above coverage for DTP3 and first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1), respectively, in the past three years (2021-2023). Four countries (7.4%) had 44.5 skilled health workers per 10,000 people. Out of the 54 WHO Member States, 7 achieved at least three of the four indicators of the fourth ADI commitment (13%). <b>Conclusions</b>: It is critical, as a follow up to this study, to document best practices from the seven countries that achieved the fourth ADI commitment. Additionally, a deeper analysis of factors associated with achieving the ADI commitments is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epidemiology and Health Burdens of Influenza Infections Amongst Hospitalized Children Under 5 Years of Age in Jordan: A National Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Munir Abu-Helalah, Samah F Al-Shatnawi, Mohammad Abu Lubad, Enas Al-Zayadneh, Mohammad Al-Hanaktah, Mea'ad Harahsheh, Montaha Al-Iede, Omar Nafi, Ruba Yousef, Ihsan Almaaitah, Mai Ababneh, Toqa AlZubi, Rand Abu Mahfouz, Heba Adaylah, Hamzeh AlHajaj, Mohammad Al Tamimi, Simon B Drysdale","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Seasonal influenza is a significant global health concern, causing substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among high-risk groups such as children under five years old. There is scarce local evidence from developing countries such as Jordan on the burden of influenza, which has limited preventive measures. This multi-center national cross-sectional study aimed to assess the epidemiological and clinical burden of influenza among hospitalized children under five years old in Jordan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 1000 participants across four hospitals between November 2022 and April 2023. Nasopharyngeal specimens were analyzed using multiplex RT-PCR to determine positivity for influenza A and B.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a 9.9% positivity rate, predominantly influenza A (8.4%), while influenza B was positive among 1.5% of the participants. Positivity rates were higher in older age groups, particularly children older than 2 years. Influenza-positive cases exhibited longer fever durations and higher rates of sore throat. There were no positive influenza cases among participants if they or any of their family members received the influenza vaccine, highlighting the vaccine's protective role. Logistic regression analysis identified maternal smoking during pregnancy as a significant predictor of influenza positivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study underscore the need for enhanced vaccination efforts and public health policies targeting young children and pregnant women in Jordan. Expanding vaccination uptake could significantly mitigate the burden of influenza and its complications in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Future Healthcare Workers in Serbia.","authors":"Nemanja Maletin, Nikola Denda, Ana Ljubičić, Radmila Velicki, Aleksandra Patić, Zoran Golušin, Tihomir Dugandžija, Vladimir Petrović, Mioljub Ristić, Vladimir Vuković","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Adequate knowledge and correct attitudes about the HPV vaccine influence awareness of the importance of preventing HPV-related diseases, which is particularly important for future healthcare professionals. We aim to examine the share of correct answers and the prevalence of different attitudes about the HPV vaccine among active regular students of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 November 2023 using a structured survey questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1760 students were included, of which 78% were female, with an average age of 21 years. Students who participated in prior HPV education) demonstrated significantly higher knowledge (81.92% vs. 65.60%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and were more likely to recommend the vaccine to patients (89.91% vs. 82.99%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Almost all vaccinated students (99.41%) would recommend the vaccine, compared to 82.91% of unvaccinated students (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Students who actively sought HPV information also showed a higher likelihood of recommending the vaccine (93.05% vs. 83.02%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Moreover, those with sufficient self-assessed knowledge were more inclined to recommend the vaccine (89.88%) than those with insufficient knowledge (81.66%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The analysis demonstrated that an increase in the number of correct answers in the knowledge evaluation corresponds to higher odds of recommending the HPV vaccine to patients (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.17-1.28). Positive attitudes prevailed, with 68.89% supporting more education on HPV vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Students who previously attended education on HPV infection/vaccination and those who would recommend the vaccine have significantly higher levels of knowledge. The study highlights the importance of HPV-related education in shaping future healthcare professionals' attitudes and knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal Immunization with DNA Vaccine HA-CCL19/Polyethylenimine/Chitosan Composite Provides Immune Protection Against H7N9 Infection.","authors":"Yuqing Xiang, Hongbo Zhang, Youcai An, Ze Chen","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) constitutes a novel subtype of influenza virus that has emerged within the past decade. Empirical studies have demonstrated that H7N9 AIV holds the potential to trigger a human pandemic. Vaccines constitute the sole armament available to humanity in combating influenza epidemics. DNA vaccines present numerous merits; however, substantial conundrums persist regarding how to augment their immunogenicity and implement their delivery through mucosal immunization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study; BALB/c mice were utilized as a model to investigate the effect of CCL19 as a molecular adjuvant and to determine the immune response elicited by polyethylene imine (PEI) and chitosan (CS) as adjuvants during the delivery of a DNA vaccine through the nasal mucosal route.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed that the CCL19 molecular adjuvant exerts a substantial immunomodulatory enhancement effect on the H7N9-HA DNA vaccine, inducing more pronounced cellular and humoral immunity. Additionally, our results indicated that the composite formed by the HA-CCL19 DNA in combination with PEI and CS effectively activates local mucosal immunity as well as systemic humoral and cellular immunity, offering 100% protection against lethal doses of homologous virus challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CCL19 conspicuously augments the immunogenicity of the influenza virus HA DNA and conserves the integrity of the vaccine antigen. Simultaneously, CS and PEI proficiently facilitate the mucosal delivery of DNA, thereby eliciting mucosal immunity related to DNA vaccines. This study investigated the feasibility of utilizing nasal mucosa for DNA vaccine immunization, which holds significant implications for the advancement and application of DNA vaccines in public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on COVID-19: A Literature Review of SARS-CoV-2 Testing.","authors":"Chin Shern Lau, Helen M L Oh, Tar Choon Aw","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has ended, there are still many important lessons we can learn, as the pandemic profoundly affected every area of laboratory practice. During the pandemic, extensive changes to laboratory staffing had to be implemented, as many healthcare institutions required regular screening of all healthcare staff. Several studies examined the effectiveness of different screening regimens and concluded that repeated testing, even with lower sensitivity tests, could rival the performance of gold-standard RT-PCR testing in the detection of new cases. Many assay evaluations were performed both in the earlier and later periods of the pandemic. They included both nucleocapsid/spike antibodies and automated antigen assays. Early in the pandemic, it was generally agreed that the initial nucleocapsid antibody assays had poor sensitivity when used before 14 days of disease onset, with total or IgG antibodies being preferred over the use of IgM. Spike antibody assays gradually replaced nucleocapsid antibody assays, as most people were vaccinated. Spike antibodies tracked the rise in antibodies after vaccination with mRNA vaccines and became invaluable in the assessment of vaccine response. Studies demonstrated robust antibody secretion with each vaccine dose and could last for several months post-vaccination. When antigen testing was introduced, they became effective tools to identify affected patients when used serially or in an orthogonal fashion with RT-PCR testing. Despite the numerous findings during the pandemic period, research in COVID-19 has slowed. To this day it is difficult to identify a true neutralizing antibody test for the virus. An appropriate antibody level that would confer protective immunity against the plethora of new variants remains elusive. We hope that a summary of events during the pandemic could provide important insights to consider in planning for the next viral pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Neutralising and Complement-Fixing Antibody Responses Can Be Induced to the Same Antigen in Haemodialysis Patients After Immunisation with Different Vaccine Platforms.","authors":"Nadezhda Wall, Rachel Lamerton, Fiona Ashford, Marisol Perez-Toledo, Aleksandra Jasiulewicz, Gemma D Banham, Maddy L Newby, Sian E Faustini, Alex G Richter, Haresh Selvaskandan, Roseanne E Billany, Sherna F Adenwalla, Ian R Henderson, Max Crispin, Matthew Graham-Brown, Lorraine Harper, Adam F Cunningham","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Generalised immune dysfunction in chronic kidney disease, especially in patients requiring haemodialysis (HD), significantly enhances the risk of severe infections. Vaccine-induced immunity is typically reduced in HD populations. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic provided an opportunity to examine the magnitude and functionality of antibody responses in HD patients to a previously unencountered antigen-Spike (S)-glycoprotein-after vaccination with different vaccine platforms (viral vector (VV); mRNA (mRV)). <b>Methods:</b> We compared the total and functional anti-S antibody responses (cross-variant neutralisation and complement binding) in 187 HD patients and 43 healthy controls 21-28 days after serial immunisation. <b>Results</b>: After 2 doses of the same vaccine, HD patients had anti-S antibody levels and a complement binding capacity comparable to controls. However, 2 doses of mRV induced greater polyfunctional antibody responses than VV (defined by the presence of both complement binding and cross-variant neutralisation activity). Interestingly, an mRV boost after 2 doses of VV significantly enhanced antibody functionality in HD patients without a prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. <b>Conclusions</b>: HD patients can generate near-normal, functional antigen-specific antibody responses following serial vaccination to a novel antigen. Encouragingly, exploiting immunological memory by using mRNA vaccines and boosting may improve the success of vaccination strategies in this vulnerable patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neethling Strain-Based Homologous Live Attenuated LSDV Vaccines Provide Protection Against Infection with a Clade 2.5 Recombinant LSDV Strain.","authors":"Wannes Philips, Andy Haegeman, Nina Krešić, Laurent Mostin, Nick De Regge","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination is the main control measure to prevent Lumpy skin disease (LSD), and Neethling-based homologous vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective against infection with classical clade 1.2 strains. In 2017, recombinant clade 2 LSDV strains originating from a badly produced and insufficiently controlled vaccine were first detected in Russia. A clade 2.5 recombinant strain spread from Russia throughout Southeast Asia and caused a massive epidemic. In this study, the efficacy of three different Neethling strain-based vaccines against the recombinant clade 2.5 LSDV strain was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For each vaccine, seven bulls were vaccinated and followed for three weeks to evaluate vaccine safety. Thereafter, vaccinated animals and non-vaccinated controls were challenged with a virulent clade 2.5 strain and followed for three more weeks to evaluate vaccine efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only limited adverse effects were observed after vaccination, and all vaccinated animals seroconverted and showed an LSDV-specific cellular immune response after vaccination. After the challenge, the vaccinated animals developed almost no clinical signs, and no viremia or nasal excretion was detected. This was in sharp contrast with the non-vaccinated controls, where 8 out of 13 animals developed clinical disease with clear nodules. Most of these animals also had a prolonged period of fever, a clear viremia and excreted virus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neethling-based LSDV vaccines can thus be considered safe and are effective not only against clade 1.2 LSDV strains, as was proven earlier, but also against a clade 2.5 recombinant strain.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}