Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Decoding NAD+ Metabolism in COVID-19: Implications for Immune Modulation and Therapy.","authors":"Shixu Song, Jialing Gan, Qiuyue Long, Zhancheng Gao, Yali Zheng","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010001","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistent threat of COVID-19, particularly with the emergence of new variants, underscores the urgency for innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional antiviral treatments. Current immunotherapies, including IL-6/IL-6R monoclonal antibodies and JAK inhibitors, exhibit suboptimal efficacy, necessitating alternative approaches. Our review delves into the significance of NAD+ metabolism in COVID-19 pathology, marked by decreased NAD+ levels and upregulated NAD+-consuming enzymes such as CD38 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Recognizing NAD+'s pivotal role in energy metabolism and immune modulation, we propose modulating NAD+ homeostasis could bolster the host's defensive capabilities against the virus. The article reviews the scientific rationale behind targeting NAD+ pathways for therapeutic benefit, utilizing strategies such as NAD+ precursor supplementation and enzyme inhibition to modulate immune function. While preliminary data are encouraging, the challenge lies in optimizing these interventions for clinical use. Future research should aim to unravel the intricate roles of key metabolites and enzymes in NAD+ metabolism and to elucidate their specific mechanisms of action. This will be essential for developing targeted NAD+ therapies, potentially transforming the management of COVID-19 and setting a precedent for addressing other infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness from 2021 to 2024: A Guangdong-Based Test-Negative Case-Control Study.","authors":"Liyan Zhu, Ying Han, Jiahai Lu, Jianhao Tan, Conghui Liao, Cheng Guo, Qing He, Yajie Qiu, Huahua Lu, Yue Zhou, Jianrui Wei, Dandan Hu","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The influenza virus's high mutation rate requires the annual reformulation and administration of the vaccine. Therefore, its vaccine effectiveness (VE) must be evaluated annually.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Estimate the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine and analyze the impact of age, seasonal variations, and the vaccination to sample collection interval on VE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used a test-negative case-control (TNCC) design to collect data from patients under 18 years of age who presented with acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms and underwent influenza virus testing at a national children's regional medical center in Guangdong Province between October 2021 and January 2024, spanning three influenza seasons. VE was estimated using unconditional logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 27,670 patient data entries were analyzed. The VE against all influenza viruses across the three seasons was 37% (95% CI: 31-43), with the lowest VE of 24% (95% CI: 8-37) observed in the 2021-2022 season. In children aged 0.5 to <3 years, the VE was 32% (95% CI: 19-43). The effectiveness for samples collected at intervals of 0.5-2 months, 3-6 months, and over 6 months after vaccination was 39% (95% CI: 32-46), 30% (95% CI: 19-40), and 28% (95% CI: 5-46).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Across three influenza seasons, at least one-third of vaccinated individuals were protected from influenza in outpatient settings. Given that children are at high risk, improving vaccination management is recommended, and parents should be encouraged to vaccinate their children before each influenza season.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pool of Bacterium-like Particles Displaying African Swine Fever Virus Antigens Induces Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Pigs.","authors":"Jingshan Huang, Hongxia Wu, Tianqi Gao, Huanjie Zhai, Assad Moon, Xin Song, Shuwen Li, Zhanhao Lu, Jing Lan, Dailang Zhong, Xinyu Zhang, Hua-Ji Qiu, Yongfeng Li, Yuan Sun","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. This underscores the urgent need for safe and effective ASF vaccines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we constructed five bacterium-like particles (BLPs) that each display one of the five ASFV antigens (F317L, H171R, D117L, B602L, and p54) based on the Gram-positive enhancer matrix-protein anchor (GEM-PA) system. GEM is a bacterial particle that contains only peptidoglycan, while PA is composed of three lysin motifs (Lysm) derived from the C-terminus of the AcmA protein, capable of non-covalently binding to GEM. By fusing the ASFV antigens with PA, the ASFV antigens can be firmly attached to the surface of GEM. Subsequently, the piglets were immunized via intramuscular injection with a mixture of BLPs-F317L, BLPs-H171R, BLPs-D117L, BLPs-B602L, and BLPs-p54.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the piglets developed detectable serum IgG antibodies 2 weeks after the first immunization, and these high antibody levels were maintained 4 weeks after the booster immunization. Moreover, these piglets produced more IFN-<i>γ</i>-producing lymphocytes than the control piglets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data indicate that the generated BLPs mixture can stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses in piglets, these five ASFV proteins are promising antigens, and the BLPs generated represent candidate ASF vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on DTP3 Vaccination Coverage in Europe (2012-2023).","authors":"Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso, Sara Guillen-Aguinaga, Laura Guillen-Aguinaga, Rosa Alas-Brun, Miriam Guillen-Aguinaga, Luc Onambele, Enrique Aguinaga-Ontoso, Esperanza Rayón-Valpuesta, Francisco Guillen-Grima","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010006","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine child immunization efforts, threatening to reverse progress in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on DTP3 vaccination in Europe by comparing trends before and after the pandemic using time series data from 2000 to 2023. Employing joinpoint regression, chi-square tests, and segmented regression analysis, we assessed DTP3 vaccination trends and coverage changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed significant regional disparities across Europe. Statistical models indicated reductions in DTP3 coverage in countries such as Ireland, Sweden, and Switzerland, whereas Ukraine and San Marino showed improvements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are variations in the effect of COVID-19 on DTP3 coverage rates, indicating the need for targeted public health strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, logistical barriers, and systemic inequities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newcastle Disease Virus Displaying an Ectodomain of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Elicited Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice.","authors":"Jaturawitt Prasopsiri, Kanjana Srisutthisamphan, Benjamas Liwnaree, Juggragarn Jengarn, Jarin Kramyu, Payuda Hansoongnern, Papon Muangsanit, Nathiphat Tanwattana, Challika Kaewborisuth, Suttipun Sungsuwan, Anan Jongkaewwattana, Nanchaya Wanasen","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010002","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe respiratory illness in humans and currently lacks an approved vaccine. The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector is a well-established, safe, and effective platform for vaccine development. With recent advancements in stabilizing coronavirus spike proteins to enhance their antigenicity, this study aimed to determine whether modifications to the MERS-CoV spike protein could improve its presentation on NDV particles, allowing the resulting virus to be used as an inactivated vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We codon-optimized the gene encoding the ectodomain of the MERS-CoV spike protein and incorporated modifications at the S1/S2 and S2' cleavage sites, along with a proline substitution at residues V1060-L1061. This modified spike gene was inserted into the NDV genome to create the NDV-S_MERS virus. After purification and inactivation, the vaccine's immunogenicity was assessed in mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mice immunized with the inactivated NDV-S_MERS vaccine developed robust anti-spike IgGs, neutralizing antibodies, and cellular immune responses. The study demonstrated that modifications to the MERS-CoV spike protein were essential for its effective presentation on NDV particles. Additionally, the spike gene insert remained stable through five egg passages, confirming the vector's stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Engineering the MERS-CoV spike protein is crucial for its successful display on NDV particles. The strong immune responses elicited by the NDV-S_MERS vaccine in mice highlight that NDV is a promising, safe, and effective platform for MERS-CoV vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant Anti-PF4 Antibodies Derived from Patients with Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis (VITT) Facilitate Research and Laboratory Diagnosis of VITT.","authors":"Luisa Müller, Venkata A S Dabbiru, Lucy Rutten, Rinke Bos, Roland Zahn, Stefan Handtke, Thomas Thiele, Marta Palicio, Olga Esteban, Marta Broto, Tom Paul Gordon, Andreas Greinacher, Jing Jing Wang, Linda Schönborn","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010003","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Adenoviral vector-based vaccines against COVID-19 rarely cause vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT), a severe adverse reaction caused by IgG antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4). To study VITT, patient samples are crucial but have become a scarce resource. Recombinant antibodies (rAbs) derived from VITT patient characteristic amino acid sequences of anti-PF4 IgG are an alternative to study VITT pathophysiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Amino acid sequences of the variable region of immunoglobulin light and heavy chain of anti-PF4 IgG derived from VITT patients were obtained by mass spectrometry sequencing and rAbs were synthetized by reverse-engineering. Six different rAbs were produced: CR23003, CR23004, and CR23005 (from a patient vaccinated with Jcovden, Johnson & Johnson-Janssen (Beerse, Belgium)), CR22046, and CR22050 and CR22066 (from two different patients vaccinated with Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca (Cambridge, UK)). These rAbs were further characterized using anti-PF4 and anti-PF4/heparin IgG ELISAs, rapid anti-PF4 and anti-PF4/polyanion chemiluminescence assays, and PF4-induced platelet activation assay (PIPA) and their capacity to induce procoagulant platelets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>rAbs bound to PF4 alone, but not to PF4/polyanion complexes in rapid chemiluminescence assays. Chemiluminescence assays and both anti-PF4 IgG and anti-PF4 IgG/heparin ELISA showed concentration-dependent PF4 binding of all six rAbs, however, with different reactivities among them. PIPA showed a similar, concentration-dependent platelet activation pattern. rAbs varied in their reactivity and the majority of the tested rAbs were able to induce procoagulant platelets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The six rAbs derived from VITT patients reflect VITT-typical binding capacities and the ability to activate platelets. Therefore, these rAbs offer an attractive new option to study VITT pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination Adjuvants Enhance Recombinant H5 Hemagglutinin Vaccine Protection Against High-Dose Viral Challenge in Chickens.","authors":"Yanjuan He, Jiaxin Wang, Lanyan Chi, Yajing Dong, Huixin Chen, Xiaocui Meng, Ming Liao, Yongwen Luo, Huiying Fan","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12121448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recombinant avian influenza subunit vaccines often require adjuvants to enhance immune responses. This study aims to evaluate the immune-enhancing potential of seven combination adjuvants in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SPF chickens were vaccinated with combinations of ISA78VG and adjuvants, including Quil-A, CpG, and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA). Their immune responses were assessed using a vaccination and viral challenge protection model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combinations of ISA78VG with Quil-A, CpG&MPLA or CpG&Quil-A significantly enhanced antibody responses and provided cross-protection against the H5N8-20135 strain. The ISA78VG&MPLA and ISA78VG&CpG&MPLA combinations induced the stronger IFN-γ production, with CpG further amplifying the immune response. The ISA78VG&Quil-A formulation, in particular, stimulated rapid antibody responses, achieving a 100% seroconversion by day 14 and high titers of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against both the recombinant HA antigen and the H5N6-20053 virus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ISA78VG&Quil-A combination is an ideal adjuvant for enhancing the immunogenicity of avian influenza rHA subunit vaccines, offering a promising strategy for H5 subtype vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination After Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: A Review of the Literature and Proposed Vaccination Protocol.","authors":"André Silva-Pinto, Isabel Abreu, António Martins, Juliana Bastos, Joana Araújo, Ricardo Pinto","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12121449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) induces profound immunosuppression, significantly increasing susceptibility to severe infections. This review examines vaccinations' necessity, timing, and efficacy post-HCT to reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality. It aims to provide a structured protocol aligned with international and national recommendations. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic review of current guidelines and studies was conducted to assess vaccination strategies in HCT recipients. The analysis included the timing of vaccine administration, factors influencing efficacy, and contraindications. Recommendations for pre- and post-transplant vaccination schedules were synthesised, specifically for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), immunosuppressive therapy, and hypogammaglobulinemia. <b>Results:</b> Vaccination is essential as specific immunity is often lost after HCT. Inactivated vaccines are recommended to commence three months post-transplant, including influenza, COVID-19, and pneumococcal vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines remain contraindicated for at least two years post-transplant and in patients with ongoing GVHD or immunosuppressive therapy. Factors such as GVHD and immunosuppressive treatments significantly impact vaccine timing and efficacy. The review also underscores the importance of pre-transplant vaccinations and ensuring that patients' close contacts are adequately immunised to reduce transmission risks. <b>Conclusions:</b> Implementing a structured vaccination protocol post-HCT is critical to improving patient outcomes. Timely and effective vaccination strategies can mitigate infection risks while addressing individual patient factors such as GVHD and immunosuppression. This review highlights the need for tailored vaccination approaches to optimize immune reconstitution in HCT recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles Among the Foreign-Born Population Residing in Spain, 2014-2022: Missed Opportunities for Vaccination.","authors":"Noemí López-Perea, Teresa López-Cuadrado, Aurora Fernández-García, Juan E Echevarría, Josefa Masa-Calles","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12121452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Spain has been in a measles elimination phase since 2014. No evidence exists about the distribution of measles cases among the population born outside Spain. The aim of this study was thus to describe the epidemiological situation of measles, stratified by place of birth, during the post-elimination period in Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of confirmed measles cases reported to RENAVE between 2014 and 2022. A descriptive analysis of case characteristics (sex, age group, vaccination status, imported case) was performed, was well as an analysis of temporal trends and geographic distribution in measles incidence rate (IR; cases/million inhabitants). All analyses were stratified by place of origin (Spain born vs. born outside Spain). We then performed a sensitivity analysis of those born outside Spain, with the representation of Kaplan-Meier curves taking into account the year of arrival in the country until the onset of measles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2014 and 2022, 951 measles cases were reported in Spain (overall IR: 2.3). Among these, 18.6% (177 cases, IR: 3.0) were born outside Spain. The IRs show differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in terms of distribution by age group and origin. By age group, children under 5 years had the highest IR, but adults aged 30 years and older reported the highest proportion of cases. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 5-fold higher among foreign-born children under 5 years than among native-born children. The measles time trend shows the highest peak in 2019 for foreign-born and native-born (IR: 8.6 and 5.4, respectively), consistent with the European-wide scenario, while only one case of measles was reported in 2022. Geographical variability in incidence rates by region was observed: Catalonia and the Valencian Community accumulated the highest proportion of cases throughout the study period. Among those born outside Spain, the median time from arrival to onset of rash was 6 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The incidence of measles is 40% higher in Spain's foreign-born population than in its native-born population. Taking into account the increasing migrant population in Spain, we consider that public health efforts need to be directed towards susceptible groups of people. In this context of advanced elimination, specific interventions for identifying and attending the most vulnerable populations should be designed and implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Antigen- and Vector-Specific Immune Responses of a Recombinant Pichinde Virus-Based Vaccine Expressing the Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Nucleoprotein.","authors":"Michaela Cain, Qinfeng Huang, Shania Sanchez, Hinh Ly, Yuying Liang","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12121450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Live viral vector-based vaccines are known to elicit strong immune responses, but their use can be limited by anti-vector immunity. Here, we analyzed the immunological responses of a live-attenuated recombinant Pichinde virus (PICV) vector platform (rP18tri).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To evaluate anti-PICV immunity in the development of vaccine antigen-specific immune responses, we generated a rP18tri-based vaccine expressing the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) nucleoprotein (NP) and administered four doses of this rP18tri-NPLCMV vaccine to mice. Using MHC-I tetramers to detect PICV NP38-45 and LCMV NP396-404 epitope-specific CD8+ T cells, we monitored vector- and vaccine-antigen-specific immune responses after each vaccination dose.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LCMV NP396-404-specific effector and memory CD8+ T cells were detected after the first dose and peaked after the second dose, whereas PICV NP38-45-specific memory CD8+ T cells increased with each dose. PICV-binding IgG antibodies peaked after the second dose, while anti-PICV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) remained low even after the fourth dose. Immunization with the rP18tri-NPLCMV vaccine significantly reduced LCMV viral titers in a chronic LCMV Clone 13 infection model, demonstrating the protective role of LCMV NP-specific T cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide important insights into the antigen- and vector-specific immunity of the rP18tri-NPLCMV vaccine and support the development of NP-based vaccines against arenavirus pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11680116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}