Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Combined mRNA Vaccine Against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in Mice Animal Models.","authors":"Elena P Mazunina, Vladimir A Gushchin, Evgeniia N Bykonia, Denis A Kleymenov, Andrei E Siniavin, Sofia R Kozlova, Evgenya A Mukasheva, Elena V Shidlovskaya, Nadezhda A Kuznetsova, Evgeny V Usachev, Vladimir I Zlobin, Elena I Burtseva, Roman A Ivanov, Denis Y Logunov, Alexander L Gintsburg","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111206","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> The combined or multivalent vaccines are actively used in pediatric practice and offer a series of advantages, including a reduced number of injections and visits to the doctor, simplicity of the vaccination schedule and minimization of side effects, easier vaccine monitoring and storage, and lower vaccination costs. The practice of widespread use of the combined vaccines has shown the potential to increase vaccination coverage against single infections. The mRNA platform has been shown to be effective against the COVID-19 pandemic and enables the development of combined vaccines. There are currently no mRNA-based combined vaccines approved for use in humans. Some studies have shown that different mRNA components in a vaccine can interact to increase or decrease the immunogenicity and efficacy of the combined vaccine. <b>Objectives.</b> In the present study, we investigated the possibility of combining the mRNA vaccines, encoding seasonal influenza and SARS-CoV-2 antigens. In our previous works, both vaccine candidates have shown excellent immunogenicity and efficacy profiles in mice. <b>Methods.</b> The mRNA-LNPs were prepared by microfluidic mixing, immunogenicity in mice was assessed by hemagglutination inhibition assay, enzyme-linked immunoassay and virus neutralization assay. Immunological efficacy was assessed in a mouse viral challenge model. <b>Results.</b> In this work, we demonstrated that the individual mRNA components of the combined vaccine did not affect the immunogenicity level of each other. The combined vaccine demonstrated excellent protective efficacy, providing a 100% survival rate when mice were infected with the H1N1 influenza virus and reducing the viral load in the lungs. Four days after the challenge with SARS-CoV-2 EG.5.1.1., no viable virus and low levels of detectable viral RNA were observed in the lungs of vaccinated mice. <b>Conclusions.</b> The combination does not lead to mutual interference between the individual vaccines. We believe that such a combined mRNA-based vaccine could be a good alternative to separated human vaccinations for the prevention of COVID-19 and influenza.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening and Immune Efficacy Evaluation of Antigens with Protection Against Feline Calicivirus.","authors":"Yupeng Yang, Ruibin Qi, Mengru Chen, Kexin Feng, Zhe Liu, Hongtao Kang, Qian Jiang, Liandong Qu, Jiasen Liu","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111205","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feline calicivirus (FCV), a pathogen that causes upper respiratory tract diseases in felids, primarily leads to oral ulcers and various respiratory symptoms, which can be fatal in severe cases. Currently, FCV prevention and control rely primarily on vaccination; however, the existing vaccine types in China are mainly inactivated vaccines, leading to a single prevention and control method with suboptimal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study commences with a genetic evolution analysis of Chinese FCV isolates, confirming the presence of two major genotypes, GI and GII with GI emerging as the dominant form. We subsequently selected the broadly neutralizing vaccine candidate strain DL39 as the template for the truncation and expression of multiple recombinant proteins. Through serological assays, we successfully confirmed the optimal protective antigen region, which is designated CE₃₉ (CDE). Further investigation revealed the location of the optimal protective antigen region within the CE region for both the GI and GII genotype strains. Capitalizing on this discovery, a bivalent recombinant protein, designated CE₃₉-CE_FB, was generated. Cat antisera generated against CE₃₉ and CE₃₉-CE_FB proteins were used in cross-neutralization against various strains of different genotypes, yielding high neutralization titers ranging from 1:45 to 1:15 and from 1:48 to 1:29, respectively, which surpassed those induced by antisera from cats vaccinated with Mi-aosanduo (commercial vaccine, strain 255). Ultimately, in vivo challenge experiments were per-formed after immunizing cats with the CE₃₉ and CE₃₉-CE_FB proteins, utilizing Miaosanduo as a control for comparison. The results demonstrated that immunization with both proteins effectively made cats less susceptible to FCV GI, GII, and VSD strains infection, resulting in superior immune efficacy compared with that in the Miaosanduo group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that this study successfully identified the antigen CE₃₉, which has broad-spectrum antigenicity, through in vivo and in vitro experiments. These findings pre-liminarily demonstrate that the optimal protective antigen region of FCV strains is the CE region, laying a theoretical foundation for the development of novel broad-spectrum vaccines against FCV disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-Evaluation and Retrospective Comparison of Serum Neutralization Induced by Three Different Types of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.","authors":"Weiyu Jiang, Jianbo Wu, Jiaying He, Anqi Xia, Wei Wu, Yidan Gao, Qianqian Zhang, Xiaofang Peng, Qiaochu Jiang, Song Xue, Qiao Wang","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111204","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, three different types of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, namely BBIBP-CorV, WIBP-CorV and CoronaVac, were manufactured and used for vaccination in China. However, as far as we know, no comparison of their induced serum neutralization has been carried out so far, possibly due to the regional difference in vaccine distribution, the difficulty in undertaking a comprehensive evaluation, and the intention to avoid unnecessary bias in populations for a certain type of inactivated vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Since all three of these inactivated vaccines are no longer produced and used for vaccination, here, we retrospectively compared the serum neutralizing activities induced by these three different types of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with unvaccinated uninfected control donors, primary inactivated vaccination (232 donors) induced increased serum neutralizing titers against wildtype SARS-CoV-2 in around 70% of donors during the first 100 days. However, the neutralization effect waned quickly after 100 days, and significantly diminished against Delta and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants. Moreover, the newly emerged Omicron variants, such as BA.2.75, BA.4/5, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and XBB, almost fully evaded the induced serum neutralization activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These three distinct types of inactivated vaccines, namely BBIBP-CorV, WIBP-CorV, and CoronaVac, induced serum neutralization in most vaccinated populations but in a short-term and variant-evaded manner with no significant difference among these inactivated vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Vaccinated Pregnant Women: A Comparative Study of Pre-Pregnancy and During-Pregnancy Infections.","authors":"Ching-Ju Shen, Shu-Yu Hu, Chung-Ping Hou, Ching-Fen Shen, Chao-Min Cheng","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111208","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to global public health, particularly for vulnerable populations like pregnant women. This study delves into the T cell immune responses in pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, all of whom received three doses of a COVID-19 vaccine. Using the ELISpot assay, we measured T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 and nucleocapsid peptides in two groups: those infected before and during pregnancy. Our results showed weak to moderate correlations between T cell responses and neutralizing antibody levels, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups. T cell reactivity appeared to decrease over time post-diagnosis, regardless of infection timing. Intriguingly, over half of the participants maintained detectable T cell memory responses beyond one year post-infection, suggesting the long-term persistence of cellular immunity. These insights contribute to the understanding of COVID-19 immunology in pregnant women, highlighting the importance of considering both humoral and cellular immune responses in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Boost in Cancer Patients: A Case Series from a Southern European Cancer Center.","authors":"Júlio Oliveira, Pedro Cruz, Tânia R Dias, Mário Sousa-Pimenta, Beatriz Almeida, Bruno Soares, Hugo Sousa, Rui Costa, Carlos Ochoa, Francisca Dias, Rui Medeiros","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111207","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer patients face a greater risk of complications and death after contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine were suggested to provide additional protection. This study aimed to assess how cancer patients' immune systems respond to the booster shots and categorize their responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 735 samples from 422 individuals, including patients followed at the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto). Three cohorts were recruited, and blood samples were collected 3- and 6-months post-booster dose: cohort 1 cancer patients (also collected before the booster); cohort 2 cancer patients; and cohort 3 (healthy individuals). Humoral immune response was evaluated by analyzing IgG levels against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein. IgG levels against the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid(N) protein was also analyzed in order to address previous contact with the virus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among Cohort 1 patients with solid tumors, when compared to pre-boost, IgG S levels increased 3 months after the boost and remained high after 6 months. Patients with hematologic tumors demonstrated lower IgG S levels at both timepoints. Comparing the IgG S levels among hematological tumors, solid tumors, and healthy individuals in both timepoints we observed that the healthy individuals had the strongest IgG S response, followed by the solid, and, lastly, the hematologic tumors. Solid tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy had reduced IgG S levels, especially those on high febrile neutropenia risk regimens.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, cancer patients have a weaker immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, especially those with hematological cancers. Chemotherapy and febrile neutropenia risk further reduce booster effectiveness. Further research is needed to optimize vaccine timing for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in People over 65 in Veneto Region Surveillance.","authors":"Silvia Cocchio, Claudia Cozzolino, Andrea Cozza, Patrizia Furlan, Irene Amoruso, Francesca Zanella, Filippo Da Re, Debora Ballarin, Gloria Pagin, Davide Gentili, Michele Tonon, Francesca Russo, Tatjana Baldovin, Vincenzo Baldo","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111202","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elderly individuals over 65, along with children under 5, are the most affected by invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs). Monitoring vaccination coverage and conducting surveillance are essential for guiding evidence-based prevention campaigns and public health measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Since 2007, the Veneto Region has relied on three sources for surveillance of invasive bacterial infections, contributing to an increase in reported IPD cases. This study analyzed notifications related to individuals aged ≥65 years from 2007 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1527 cases of IPDs in elderly individuals were reported between 2007 and 2023. The notification rate significantly increased from 5.61 to 14.63 per 100,000 inhabitants, despite underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cases associated with sepsis increased from 3.89 to 9.58 per 100,000, while notifications of meningitis and case fatality rates remained stable at 1.5 per 100,000 and 11.8%, respectively. Serotyping was not performed in 52% of the notifications. The most common serotypes were 3 (21.6%), 8 (11.1%), and 19A (5.0%), with fluctuations over time. There was a significant decline in serotypes covered by PCV7 and PCV13 and an increase in non-vaccine serotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The regional surveillance system allows for an increasingly comprehensive profile of the epidemiological landscape of IPDs in Veneto. However, the surveillance of pneumococcal infections still presents challenges. The currently available data are likely to be underestimated, mainly referring to the most severe cases, and the serotyping necessary to identify the etiological agent is still not often performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron-Beam-Killed <i>Staphylococcus</i> Vaccine Reduced Lameness in Broiler Chickens.","authors":"Anna L F V Assumpcao, Komala Arsi, Andi Asnayanti, Khawla S Alharbi, Anh D T Do, Quentin D Read, Ruvindu Perera, Abdulkarim Shwani, Amer Hasan, Suresh D Pillai, Robin C Anderson, Annie M Donoghue, Douglas D Rhoads, Palmy R R Jesudhasan, Adnan A K Alrubaye","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111203","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Broiler chicken lameness caused by bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is presently amongst the most important economic and animal welfare issues faced by the poultry industry, and the estimated economic loss is around USD 150 million. BCO lameness is associated with multiple opportunistic bacterial pathogens inhabiting the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In cases of immune deficiency resulting from stress, injury, or inflammation of the tissue, opportunistic pathogens, mainly <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., can infiltrate the respiratory or gastrointestinal mucosa and migrate through the bloodstream to eventually colonize the growth plates of long bones, causing necrosis that leads to lameness. This is the first report of developing a <i>Staphylococcus</i> vaccine against BCO lameness disease in broiler chickens. Electron beam (eBeam) technology causes irreparable DNA damage, preventing bacterial multiplication, while keeping the epitopes of the cell membrane intact, helping the immune system generate a more effective response. Our results show a 50% reduction of lameness incidence in the eBeam-vaccinated chicken group compared to the control. Additionally, the eBeam-vaccinated chickens present higher titer of anti-<i>Staphylococcus</i> IgA, signifying the development of an efficient and more specific humoral immune response. Our data establish the eBeam-killed <i>Staphylococcus</i> vaccine as an effective approach to reducing the incidence of lameness in broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second-Generation Phage Lambda Platform Employing SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Proteins as a Vaccine Candidate.","authors":"Alexis Catala, Bennett J Davenport, Thomas E Morrison, Carlos E Catalano","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111201","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic exemplifies how newly emerging and reemerging viruses can quickly overwhelm and cripple global infrastructures. Coupled with synergistic factors such as increasing population densities, the constant and massive mobility of people across geographical areas and substantial changes to ecosystems worldwide, these pathogens pose serious health concerns on a global scale. Vaccines form an indispensable defense, serving to control and mitigate the impact of devastating outbreaks and pandemics. Towards these efforts, we developed a tunable vaccine platform that can be engineered to simultaneously display multiple viral antigens. Here, we describe a second-generation version wherein chimeric proteins derived from SARS-CoV-2 and bacteriophage lambda are engineered and used to decorate phage-like particles with defined surface densities and retention of antigenicity. This streamlines the engineering of particle decoration, thus improving the overall manufacturing potential of the system. In a prime-boost regimen, mice immunized with particles containing as little as 42 copies of the chimeric protein on their surface develop potent neutralizing antibody responses, and immunization protects mice against virulent SARS-CoV-2 challenge. The platform is highly versatile, making it a promising strategy to rapidly develop vaccines against a potentially broad range of infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon Epsilon-Mediated Antiviral Activity Against Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.","authors":"Iván Martínez-Espinoza, Pius I Babawale, Hannah Miletello, Nagarjuna R Cheemarla, Antonieta Guerrero-Plata","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interferon epsilon (IFN-ε) is a type I IFN that plays a critical role in the host immune response against pathogens. Despite having demonstrated antiviral activity in macrophages and mucosal tissues such as the female reproductive tract and the constitutive expression in mucosal tissues such as the lung, the relevance of IFN-ε against respiratory viral infections remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We present, for the first time, the expression of IFN-ε in alveolar epithelial cells and primary human bronchial epithelial cells grown in an air-liquid interface (ALI) in response to human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The molecular characterization of the IFN-ε induction by the viruses indicates that the expression of RIG-I is necessary for an optimal IFN-ε expression. Furthermore, treatment of the airway epithelial cells with rhIFN-ε induced the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and significantly restricted the viral replication of HMPV and RSV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the relevance of IFN-ε against viral infections in the respiratory tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Neutralizing Capacity of Monovalent and Bivalent Formulations of Betuvax-CoV-2, a Subunit Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine, Against Various Strains of SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Anna V Vakhrusheva, Ekaterina A Romanovskaya-Romanko, Marina A Stukova, Maria M Sukhova, Ksenia S Kuznetsova, Aleksandr V Kudriavtsev, Maria E Frolova, Taras V Ivanishin, Igor V Krasilnikov, Artur A Isaev","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12101200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, is characterized by rapid evolution, which poses a significant public health challenge. Effective vaccines that provide robust protection, elicit strong immune responses, exhibit favorable safety profiles, and enable cost-effective large-scale production are crucial. The RBD-Fc-based Betuvax-CoV-2 vaccine has previously demonstrated a favorable safety profile and induced a significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response in clinical trials. Due to the rapid evolution and emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains, the relevance of bivalent vaccine formulations has increased.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study compared the neutralizing capacity of monovalent and bivalent vaccine formulations against different SARS-CoV-2 strains detected with a SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay (MNT).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The monovalent Wuhan-based vaccine generated neutralizing antibodies against the Wuhan and Omicron BA.2 variants but not the distinct Omicron BQ.1 strain. Conversely, the monovalent BA.2-based vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies against both Omicron strains but not Wuhan. While the bivalent Wuhan and BA.2-based vaccine was effective against strains containing the same antigens, it was insufficient to neutralize the distinctive BQ.1 strain at a small dosage.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>These findings suggest that the vaccine composition should closely match the circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain to elicit the optimal neutralizing antibody response and include the appropriate dosage. Moreover, this study did not find additional advantages of using the bivalent form over the monovalent form for the vaccination against a single prevailing SARS-CoV-2 strain.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11512205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}