Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Intranasal Adenoviral Vector Vaccination Induces Durable Antibody and T Cell Responses in the Respiratory Tract.","authors":"Woochan Lee, Junghwa Lee, Sun Min Lee, Eui Ho Kim","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090793","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Respiratory pathogens such as influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 pose major threats to global public health. Current vaccines provide limited mucosal protection against respiratory infection, while vaccine-induced immunity can wane over time. Intranasal vaccination has emerged as a promising approach to induce mucosal immunity, however relatively low immunogenicity and limited durability remain major challenges. Various strategies have therefore been explored to improve intranasal vaccine efficacy, including mucosal adjuvants and alternative vaccine platforms. In this study, we evaluated the magnitude and durability of systemic and mucosal immune responses induced by an adenoviral vector vaccine. <b>Methods</b>: Six-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were immunized intranasally or intramuscularly with a single dose of an adenoviral vector vaccine and compared with mice receiving one or two doses of an intranasal CpG-adjuvanted protein vaccine. Humoral immune responses in serum and BALF, as well as cellular immune responses in the mLNs, lungs, and blood, were evaluated. We further assessed Ova-specific CD8 T cells with a lung-resident phenotype by class I MHC-peptide tetramer staining combined with intravascular labeling, allowing their direct ex vivo identification. <b>Results</b>: A single dose of intranasal adenoviral vector vaccination elicited potent serum IgG and BALF IgA responses, together with antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses in the blood, mLNs, and lungs. Notably, these systemic and respiratory mucosal immune responses were sustained for up to 4 months after vaccination, with lung-resident CD8 T cell responses detected at this time point. In contrast, intramuscular adenoviral vector vaccination predominantly induced systemic immunity. Intranasal CpG-adjuvanted protein vaccination induced weaker responses after a single dose, while booster vaccination enhanced systemic antibody and cellular responses but showed limited induction of mucosal immunity. <b>Conclusions</b>: A single intranasal dose of Ad5-Ova induced systemic and respiratory mucosal immune responses comparable to those observed after two-dose Ova+CpG vaccination, while maintaining these responses for up to 4 months. These findings suggest adenoviral vectors as a promising platform for inducing long-lasting respiratory mucosal immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Microbiota-Vaccine Crosstalk in Humans: Mechanisms, Modulators, and Translational Horizons.","authors":"Ahmad R Shakri, Sidharth P Mishra, Sarina Lawless, Saswati Pani, Priyanka Mishra, Courtney L Page, Gaurav Dutta, Chanchal Sharma","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090791","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccine responses differ substantially among individuals and across populations. Although factors such as age, genetics, and vaccine type are recognized contributors, they do not fully explain this heterogeneity. Emerging evidence suggests that the human microbiota, particularly the gut microbiota, may modulate immune responses to vaccination and represents a potentially modifiable component of immunity. This review integrates data from human studies, microbiota-targeted clinical trials, and experiments using germ-free and humanized models to clarify the mechanisms underlying microbiota-immune system interactions during vaccination. Identified mechanisms include pattern-recognition receptor signaling, modulation of innate immune activation, regulation of germinal-center responses, maintenance of mucosal barrier integrity, and the influence of microbial metabolites on T and B lymphocytes. The relevance of these pathways varies by age, developmental stage, and vaccine platform, including live-attenuated, inactivated, subunit, viral-vector, and mRNA vaccines. Additional factors such as diet, antibiotic exposure, infections, medications, and environmental or social determinants also affect both the microbiota and vaccine outcomes. Current research explores approaches to improve vaccine potency through microbiota modulation using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and engineered microbes, though clinical results remain inconsistent. A greater understanding of microbiota-vaccine interactions may enable personalized immunization strategies; however, further research is required to establish causality and identify actionable microbial targets. Longitudinal studies using multi-omics, advanced cellular analyses, robust clinical trials, and in silico modeling are essential to determine whether microbiome-based interventions can improve vaccine efficacy and durability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing Editorial: Special Issue on \"Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants\".","authors":"Surabhi Gautam, Sanjeev Kumar, Devyani Joshi","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090787","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As Guest Editors for the Special Issue \"Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants,\" we are pleased to offer this closing editorial [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Transcriptional Responses to Clinical Vaccine Formulations and Live-Attenuated Vaccination: Comparative Kinetics and Hypotheses for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine Monitoring.","authors":"Corey K Goldman","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090792","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Therapeutic cancer vaccination requires innate sensing, antigen presentation, lymphocyte priming, tumor access, cytotoxicity, and persistence. Prophylactic studies cannot demonstrate these antitumor functions but can compare systemic formulation responses. We tested whether blood transcription extended beyond innate responses to cancer-immunity-cycle programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 385 GEO records, we retained six human blood cohorts (five bulk-RNA and one sorted-cell) and one mouse blood/lymph-node study. We percentile-ranked 23 modules and compared baseline changes across 17 formulation questions. A separate screen of 35 poly-ICLC cancer-vaccine studies yielded NCT01204684; all arms received a tumor-lysate-pulsed dendritic-cell vaccine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 24 h after dose 2, AS01B, AS01E, and AS03 increased type I interferon-associated transcription relative to aluminum salt; the AS04 change was negligible. MF59 increased this score by 3.2 points (95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.1) relative to unadjuvanted antigen. Responsive comparisons also showed higher transcription of genes associated with antigen-presenting-cell costimulation, type 1 conventional dendritic cells, and MHC-I antigen processing/presentation. Yellow fever 17D produced a multicomponent trajectory, but the comparison did not isolate viral replication, antigen persistence, viral sensing, or tissue distribution. Of 390 evaluable module-formulation combinations, 278 had no result after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Sensitivity estimates agreed (r = 0.998; 97.8% directional agreement). In NCT01204684, poly-ICLC recipients showed within-arm interferon and antigen-processing changes, but none of 46 agonist-versus-placebo module contrasts survived FDR correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early systemic transcription differed among formulations, whereas later cancer-immunity programs were infrequently detected in bulk blood RNA. Therapeutic studies should add draining-node or tumor measurements and antigen-specific functional assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Utilization of the Novavax Adjuvanted Recombinant Protein COVID-19 Vaccine in France During the 2022-2024 Period.","authors":"Stephanie H Read, Lucie Kutikova, Gaelle Gusto, Raissa Kapnang, Nadia Quignot, Artak Khachatryan, Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain, Vincent Petit, Jonathan Fix, Matthew D Rousculp, Cécile Janssen, Odile Launay","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090790","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (Nuvaxovid™) was authorized in France in December 2021, assisting in ending the global pandemic and providing an alternative to other COVID-19 vaccines. Understanding Nuvaxovid recipients' profile is essential for guiding vaccination decision-making and maintaining protection amid declining COVID-19 vaccination rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational study characterizes the evolution of French Nuvaxovid recipients' demographic and clinical characteristics using the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS) database. Five study seasons (spring 2022, autumn 2022, spring 2023, autumn 2023, spring 2024) were defined based on French vaccination guidelines and Nuvaxovid authorization dates. T-test and Chi-square tests were used to compare between consecutive seasons and subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nuvaxovid administration was reported in 9805 recipients during spring 2022, 5601 during autumn 2022, 531 during spring 2023, 980 during autumn 2023, and 909 during spring 2024. Statistically significant increases in the proportions of high-risk (spring 2022: 35.4%, spring 2024: 90.5%) and ≥65-year-old (spring 2022: 19.9%, spring 2024: 84.4%) Nuvaxovid recipients were observed, <i>p</i> < 0.05. Comorbidities, notably cardiovascular disease, became progressively more prevalent (spring 2022: 7.1%, spring 2024: 33.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Nuvaxovid was used nationwide, with a higher proportion of recipients in the southeast, a region typically exhibiting lower vaccine coverage. Most Nuvaxovid recipients increasingly received a heterologous regimen (autumn 2022: 91%, spring 2024: 98.6%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), with Nuvaxovid as the ≥4th dose (55-97.2%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Meanwhile, higher proportions of <65-year-old and not-at-risk recipients received Nuvaxovid as primary series (autumn 2022: 46.9% <65-year-old vs. 5.6% ≥65-year-old, 53.9% not at risk vs. 11.9% at risk, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of Nuvaxovid evolved in accordance with changing clinical recommendations, and mix-and-match vaccination strategies and heterologous vaccination patterns suggest that it served as an important protein-based alternative for those switching from other COVID-19 vaccines. Nuvaxovid offers a valuable choice, so that the most vulnerable continue to be vaccinated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Population-Based HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial Design: Statistical Framework and Design Considerations.","authors":"Holly Janes, Fei Gao, Susan Buchbinder, Charles S Wiysonge, Kimberly Louis, Blossom Napoleon, Amelia Mfiki, Derrick Mapp, Glenda Gray","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090794","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An HIV vaccine will be a critical tool for ending the epidemic, yet the next vaccine efficacy trial is likely five or more years away as the field focuses on the early-phase evaluation and optimization of vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. At the same time, the HIV prevention landscape has evolved substantially, with the discovery of highly effective means of preventing HIV, challenging the identification of HIV prevention trial designs that are ethically sound and scientifically robust. We explore a population-based, individually randomized, proof-of-concept trial design for evaluating the efficacy of a future candidate vaccine to prevent HIV acquisition and to validate the neutralizing antibody marker as an immune correlate. The design is intended to lay the foundation for a subsequent licensure trial and the development and refinement of future HIV vaccine regimens. Key design features include broad, population-based eligibility criteria; the incorporation of external data; decentralized approaches to recruitment, specimen, and data collection; and strong community partnerships. We compare the approach with alternative trial designs and outline their limitations. The population-based design represents a compelling option for generating credible and generalizable evidence, while enabling future HIV vaccine licensure and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Seasonal Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Different Ratios (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) of Squalene-Containing IB160 Adjuvant in One- or Two-Vial Presentations.","authors":"Daniela Cajado-Carvalho, Paulo Newton Tonolli, Verônica de Moraes Manzato, Lívia Mendonça Munhoz Dati, Mahyumi Fujimori, Patrícia Antonia Estima Abreu, Christian Savio Silva, Vitor Anselmo Sakihara, Bianca Pereira Carvalho Holanda, Douglas Gonçalves de Macedo, Priscila Comone, Alexandre Bimbo, Esper George Kallás, Ricardo das Neves Oliveira, Milena Apetito Akamatsu, Paulo Lee Ho","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090789","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Adjuvanted influenza vaccines are critical to enhance immune responses in high-risk populations, such as the elderly. While initial studies relied on a two-vial system with antigen and adjuvant mixing prior to immunization, this study evaluated the feasibility, immunogenicity, and 12-month stability of a one-vial formulation combining a Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (TIV) with the locally produced squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion IB160.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Formulations were evaluated by testing TIV:IB160 (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1) in an animal model, measuring HI antibodies as the primary immunogenicity metric, complemented by qualitative strain-specific total IgG screening by ELISA. One-vial and two-vial strategies were also compared regarding immune responses. Formulations stabilities were evaluated at 6.0 °C ± 2.0 °C in one-and two-vial systems by monitoring physicochemical features and their antigenic responses, measuring hemagglutinin content of the formulated vaccines, and long-term HI antibody responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 2:1 and 1:1 (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) formulation ratios (15 µg TIV:IB160) induced significantly higher HI titers across all tested strains (A/H3N2/Thailand, A/H1N1/Victoria, and B/Austria) when compared to non-adjuvanted TIV or adjuvanted TIV in the 3:1 ratio. Both the one and two-vial strategies showed significantly higher HI antibody responses than the non-adjuvanted control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with no significant differences observed between the delivery formats. Indeed, the one-vial formulation with 1:1 and 2:1 ratios remained stable for 12 months, preserving TIV antigenicity, IB160 emulsion integrity, and robust immunogenicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One- and two-vial formulations are viable, stable, and highly immunogenic alternatives for adjuvanted TIV in 2:1 and 1:1 (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) formulation ratios (15 µg TIV:IB160). One-vial format simplifies immunization logistics, minimizes operational errors, and is more indicated for routine use, while the two-vial system remains a versatile asset for emergency responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant Antibody Vaccines for Targeted Antigen Delivery: Design Principles and Immunological Applications.","authors":"Kaitlyn M Pirogovsky, Daniel Hawiger","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090788","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccines that elicit durable immune responses require efficient delivery of antigen to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), in combination with appropriate contextual signals that promote immunity. Recombinant antibody vaccines are a flexible platform for antigen delivery in which monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or antibody-derived fragments carry antigenic cargo to chosen receptors on target cells. In this review, we examine the design principles, mechanisms, and applications of recombinant antibody vaccines, with a focus on strategies targeting dendritic cells (DCs). DCs can take up, process, and present antigen, leading to effective induction of adaptive immune responses. Targeting of DCs with recombinant antibody vaccines improves the efficiency of antigen delivery and allows finetuning of responses through choice of a targeting receptor, antigen, and adjuvant. Recombinant antibody vaccines have been evaluated across a variety of immunological settings, including for vaccination against viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens, therapeutic cancer vaccination, and inverse vaccination to promote antigen-specific tolerance in models of autoimmune disease. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the versatile applications of recombinant antibody vaccines, although continued work is needed to define the elements most likely to support translation to the clinic. Overall, recombinant antibody vaccines provide a modular platform for targeted antigen delivery and represent a promising strategy for design of next-generation vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding COVID-19 Vaccination Intention in Japan: The Influence of Individual Social Capital and Personal Beliefs on Vaccination.","authors":"Yutaro Furukawa, Mikiko Tokiya, Takaomi Kobayashi, Xueyan Zhang, Megumi Hara","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090795","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Vaccine hesitancy remains a significant public health challenge in Japan, particularly following the HPV vaccine suspension (2013-2022) that severely damaged vaccination trust. Although prior studies have linked individual social capital to vaccination behavior in Japan, whether and how personal vaccination beliefs modify this association remains poorly understood. This study examined associations between individual social capital (resources accessed through personal social networks) and COVID-19 vaccination intention, and how these associations interact with personal vaccination beliefs based on the 7C model. <b>Methods</b>: A nationwide web-based survey (January 2024) included 7210 participants aged 20-69. Individual social capital was measured using civic participation, social cohesion (community trust), and reciprocity (mutual helping). Personal beliefs were assessed via the 7C model (psychological vaccination determinants framework) and factor-analyzed. Logistic regression examined associations; interaction analyses tested whether social capital effects differed across belief patterns. <b>Results</b>: Overall, 73.1% expressed intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination for 2024-2025. All social capital components positively associated with vaccination intention: social cohesion (adjusted OR = 1.80, 95% CI:1.58-2.04), reciprocity (adjusted OR = 1.64, 95% CI:1.33-2.02), and civic participation (adjusted OR = 1.29, 95% CI:1.10-1.51). Factor analysis identified three belief domains: individual and collective health responsibility, trust in vaccination systems, and safety concerns. Health responsibility beliefs substantially reduced social capital-vaccination associations when included in models. Safety concerns moderated effects of social cohesion (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and reciprocity (<i>p</i> = 0.011), with stronger effects among those with lower concerns. Civic participation was associated with vaccination intention mainly among those with higher institutional trust. <b>Conclusions</b>: Individual social capital was significantly associated with vaccination intention through complex belief interactions. Safety concerns act as crucial moderators. Multifaceted strategies addressing social capital, safety concerns, and institutional trust may be needed to increase vaccine uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13611750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Information to Vaccination: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Community Participation in Catch-Up Vaccination for Children in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.","authors":"Abdoul Gadiry Fadiga, Asm Shahabuddin, Kevin Sylvestre Yohou, Françoise Soro, Mathilde Manouan, Bognan Valentin Kone, Tania N'zi-Boa, Josette Dedoh, Akissi Régine Attia-Konan, Julie Sackou-Kouakou","doi":"10.3390/vaccines14090786","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines14090786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Catch-up vaccination is essential for reaching zero-dose and under-vaccinated children. However, community participation depends on several factors whose interactions remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to analyze the dimensions structuring community participation in catch-up vaccination and to develop a conceptual framework describing their relationships. <b>Methods</b>: An analytical qualitative study was conducted between July and November 2025 in the health districts of Abobo and Yopougon, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Data were gathered from 106 participants through 26 semi-structured individual interviews and eight focus group discussions involving 80 parents or caregivers of children aged 0-59 months. Interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed in French, and thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 14 (Lumivero, Denver, CO, USA). A standardized thematic codebook with operational definitions was used by three coders to ensure consistent coding across transcripts. <b>Results</b>: Thematic analysis across participant groups identified seven components shaping community participation: exposure to information, understanding of the message, trust in actors and services, social acceptance, parents' availability and capacity, participation in the activity, and effective vaccination of the child. Five cross-cutting factors influenced progression along this pathway. Participation could break down when information was insufficient or unclear, trust was undermined by perceived costs or rumors, social acceptance was constrained, or parents faced competing work and time demands. These interactions informed the Community Participation Pathway for Catch-up Vaccination (CPP-CV), which identifies potential disruption points between information exposure and effective vaccination and highlights that non-participation may result from the interaction of informational, social, individual, structural, and organizational factors rather than vaccine hesitancy alone. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings suggest that participation in catch-up vaccination goes beyond information alone and results from the interaction between community and organizational factors. Non-participation should not be treated as a single problem or assumed to reflect vaccine hesitancy. The CPP-CV provides a programmatically oriented framework for identifying where the pathway from information to vaccination breaks down and for tailoring catch-up strategies accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}