Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of Concomitant Administration and Combined Administration of Bivalent BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine and Bivalent RSVpreF Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine with or Without Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Adults ≥ 65 Years of Age.","authors":"Joel M Neutel, Rahsan Erdem, Qin Jiang, Kevin Cannon, Helen Stacey, Ryan Newton, Emily Gomme, Wen Li, Federico J Mensa, Özlem Türeci, Uğur Şahin, Kena A Swanson, Iona Munjal, David Cooper, Kenneth Koury, Annaliesa S Anderson, Alejandra Gurtman, Nicholas Kitchin","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020158","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concomitant administration may improve vaccination rates. This analysis of a phase 1/2 randomized study included 1073 healthy ≥65-year-olds who previously received ≥3 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses. Participants received concomitantly administered RSVpreF and bivalent BA.4/BA.5-adapted BNT162b2 vaccine (concomitant administration) with or without quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV), admixed combined RSVpreF + BNT162b2 vaccine (combined vaccine) with or without QIV, RSVpreF, BNT162b2, or QIV. Immunogenicity objectives included demonstrating the noninferiority of neutralizing antibody titers elicited by concomitant administration and combined vaccine compared with RSVpreF or BNT162b2 administered alone, and by concomitant administration and combined vaccine given with QIV compared with RSVpreF, BNT162b2, and QIV alone. Reactogenicity (≤7 days) and safety ≤1 month (adverse events (AEs)) and ≤6 months (serious AEs (SAEs)) after vaccination were assessed. Noninferiority for all immunogenicity comparisons was demonstrated. All vaccine groups were well tolerated; no new safety concerns were identified. Reactogenicity was mostly mild/moderate with rates generally similar across groups, except injection site pain and fatigue, which were less frequent with RSVpreF + placebo vs. other groups. AEs were infrequent, mostly mild/moderate, occurring at similar frequencies across groups. No AEs leading to study withdrawal or vaccine-related SAEs were reported. Favorable safety and tolerability alongside similar immunogenicity provide support for concomitant or combined use of RSVpreF and BNT162b2, with or without QIV, to help protect older adults from these important respiratory pathogens (NCT05886777).</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Timely First-Dose Pentavalent and Measles-Rubella Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea.","authors":"Milena Dalton, William Pomat, Margie Danchin, Caroline S E Homer, Benjamin Sanderson, Patrick Kiromat, Leanne J Robinson, Michelle J L Scoullar, Pele Melepia, Moses Laman, Hannah A James, Elsie Stanley, Edward Waramin, Stefanie Vaccher","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020156","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immunization coverage varies across Papua New Guinea. In East New Britain (ENB) Province in 2022, only 65.5% and 50.2% of children under one year received their first dose of pentavalent (DTP1) and measles-rubella (MR1) vaccine, respectively. This study aimed to examine barriers and enablers to routine immunization in areas of un(der)-vaccination in ENB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A face-to-face survey was conducted with caregivers of children aged 12-23 months in ENB. We used Poisson regression to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for factors associated with timely receipt of DTP1 or MR1 vaccines, defined as a child who was vaccinated between -2 and +30 days of the vaccine schedule. Delayed receipt is defined as a child who was vaccinated >30 days from the recommended due date.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 237 caregivers surveyed, 59.9% of children were vaccinated within the \"timely\" window for DTP1 and 34.1% for MR1. Timely DTP1 receipt was associated with a facility-based birth (IRR:1.93; 95% CI: 1.10-3.38) and trusting healthcare workers \"very much\", compared to \"a little or moderately\" (IRR:1.53; 95% CI: 1.17-1.99). For MR1, the caregiver having completed tertiary/vocational education (IRR:1.79; 95% CI: 1.15-2.78), reporting taking a child to be vaccinated is affordable (IRR:1.52; 95% CI: 1.04-2.22), and healthcare workers explaining immunization services and answering associated questions (IRR:1.68; 95% CI: 1.18-2.41) were associated with timely vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Activities to improve timely vaccination in ENB could include strengthening healthcare worker interpersonal communication skills to optimize trust and incentivizing women to give birth in a health facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Approaches to Combat Duck Viral Hepatitis: Dual-Specific Anti-DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 Yolk Antibodies.","authors":"Siqi Lei, Yuanhe Yang, Chengchen Zhao, Anguo Liu, Pingli He","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020154","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objectives:</b> Duck viral hepatitis (DVH), a highly contagious and acutely fatal avian disease, is characterized by convulsions, acute death, liver swelling, and hemorrhage, leading to substantial losses in the duck industry. However, there is no efficient prevention and control method for DHV infection. Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is one of the primary pathogens responsible for DVH. <b>Methods</b>: In this study, we prepared a highly effective anti-DHAV IgY antibody by immunizing Hy-Line Brown laying hens at the peak of egg production. <b>Results and Conclusions</b>: The neutralization index of this antibody was found to be up to 38.90 (DHAV-1 QYD strain) and 141.25 (DHAV-3 GY strain) in vitro. The antibody also exhibited effective prophylactic effects in a model of hepatic inflammation following the viral challenge of ducklings, with a dose of 0.5 mL per duckling (containing 64 mg/mL of IgY) significantly reducing DHAV-related mortality by 66%, providing substantial protection against the infection. Furthermore, it effectively alleviated oxidative damage caused by DHAV in the ducklings. The results of this study indicate that IgY has the potential for treating DHAV infection; it also provides a new way for the treatment of poultry diseases with specific antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Viral Infections and Their Function in Vaccine Development.","authors":"Chie Sugimoto, Hiroshi Wakao","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020155","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, which bridge innate and adaptive immunity, have emerged as an important player in viral infections despite their inability to directly recognize viral antigens. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MAIT cell responses across different viral infections, revealing consistent patterns in their behavior and function. We discuss the dynamics of MAIT cells during various viral infections, including changes in their frequency, activation status, and functional characteristics. Particular attention is given to emerging strategies for MAIT-cell-targeted vaccine development, including the use of MR1 ligands as mucosal adjuvants and the activation of MAIT cells through viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. Current knowledge of MAIT cell biology in viral infections provides promising approaches for harnessing their functions in vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination Coverage and Attitudes in Children and Adults on Biologic Therapies: Cocooning Strategies, Undervaccination Factors and Predictors of Favorable Attitudes.","authors":"Charikleia Kariniotaki, George Bertsias, Emmanouil Galanakis, Chrysoula Perdikogianni","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020152","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infections pose a significant risk of morbidity and mortality to patients on biologics, with the vaccination of both patients and their close contacts serving as a key preventive measure. Despite its importance, there are limited data on the vaccination coverage for this group, and no studies have examined the vaccination status of patients' close contacts.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess vaccination rates among patients on biologics and their household contacts, identifying reasons for inadequate vaccination and examining factors influencing vaccination status and attitudes is crucial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to February 2023 at the two hospitals in Heraklion, Crete, including adult and pediatric patients on biologics. Data were collected through medical records and interviews and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and MedCalc2006.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 446 adults, vaccination rates were as follows: 83% for COVID-19, 73.8% for influenza, 64.5% for the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 29.6% for the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and 4% for Tdap. Among the 26 children included, those with basic immunization schedule coverage exceeded 96%, but rates for the vaccines usually administered at adolescence were lower (Tdap: 47.8%, HPV: 42.1%, MenACWY: 66.7%). COVID-19 vaccination was at 38.5%. Regarding the additional vaccines recommended due to treatment-induced immunosuppression, 69.2% of pediatric patients received the annual influenza vaccine, while only 19.2% received the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Household contacts demonstrated low vaccination rates (<59%), except for COVID-19 (81%). Female gender (<i>p</i> < 0.007) and older age (by 1 year, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were associated with favorable attitudes and higher coverage in adults, while in pediatric patients, no statistically significant associations were found. A lack of physician recommendation was the primary reported reason for not being vaccinated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant vaccination gaps exist among patients on biologics and their close contacts, largely due to inadequate physician recommendations. Raising awareness and strengthening healthcare provider roles are essential to improve coverage in this high-risk group.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Torquetenovirus (TTV) as a Biomarker for Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in People Living with HIV and Healthy Individuals.","authors":"Claudia Minosse, Pietro Giorgio Spezia, Valentina Mazzotta, Giulia Matusali, Silvia Meschi, Francesca Colavita, Davide Mariotti, Stefania Notari, Alessandra Vergori, Daniele Focosi, Enrico Girardi, Andrea Antinori, Fabrizio Maggi","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020153","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Torquetenovirus (TTV) viremia is increasingly recognized as a marker of immune competence. In the context of COVID-19, TTV viral load (VL) has been shown to predict anti-Spike antibody levels in severely immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to evaluate whether pre-vaccine TTV VL could predict humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) and healthy individuals (HP). <b>Methods</b>: TTV VL was measured via real-time PCR in serum samples collected before the second and third doses of mRNA vaccines in 93 PLWH and 48 HP (second dose) and 255 PLWH and 48 HP (third dose). Immune responses were assessed through anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and IFN-γ release. Statistical analyses included correlation studies between TTV VL and vaccine-induced immune responses. <b>Results</b>: TTV VL did not significantly correlate with anti-RBD IgG or neutralizing antibody levels in either cohort; highlighting its limited predictive value for humoral responses in relatively immunocompetent populations. However, a strong inverse correlation was observed between TTV VL and IFN-γ release after the third, but not the second, vaccine dose. These findings suggest that higher TTV VL, indicative of reduced immune competence, may impair T-cell-mediated immunity to vaccines. <b>Conclusions</b>: In virologically suppressed PLWH and HP, TTV VL is not a reliable predictor of humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines. However, its inverse relationship with cellular responses warrants further investigation in more immunosuppressed populations. These results reinforce the continuum model of TTV VL as a biomarker, with predictive utility increasing alongside the degree of immunosuppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake and Effectiveness for Hospitalized Cases Among Healthcare Workers in Tertiary Hospital.","authors":"María Eugenia Jiménez-Corona, Luis-Pablo Cruz-Hervert, María Del Rocío Sánchez-Díaz, Gabriel Chavira-Trujillo, Aída Jiménez-Corona, María Del Rosario Vázquez-Larios","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020147","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Healthcare workers (HCWs) faced elevated risks during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccination among HCWs was a key strategy to mitigate severe outcomes and maintain healthcare system functionality during the crisis. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution, severity, and clinical factors associated with COVID-19 among HCWs in a tertiary hospital across eight pandemic waves and evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing severe outcomes. <b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional study analyzed data from HCWs at a high-specialty hospital in Mexico City from March 2020 to February 2024. Sociodemographic, clinical, and vaccination data were collected and analyzed via bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to identify the factors associated with infection and severity. <b>Results</b>: A total of 7049 cases were analyzed, and 2838 (40.26%) were confirmed COVID-19 cases. Severe outcomes, including hospitalizations and deaths, were most common during the early waves, with 83.3% of severe cases occurring among unvaccinated individuals. Vaccination significantly reduced infection risk, with individuals receiving two or more doses showing a lower likelihood of infection (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51-0.89; <i>p</i> = 0.005). Older age; comorbidities such as hypertension and obesity; and symptoms such as fever were associated with increased severity. Compared with earlier coverage, enhanced vaccination coverage significantly lowered the hospitalization risk during the later waves (OR 11.11; 95% CI 1.2-110.2; <i>p</i> = 0.040). <b>Conclusions</b>: Vaccination effectively reduced severe COVID-19 outcomes among HCWs, demonstrating its critical role in mitigating the disease burden despite the high risk of exposure. Strategies such as targeted vaccination campaigns and continuous surveillance are essential to protect HCWs and ensure healthcare system resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Protective Efficacy of a <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> ATCC 14028 <i>sptP</i> Mutant as a Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidate.","authors":"Nanlong Zhou, Yonghui Ding, Ting He, Yuling Sun, Hongfang Chen, Meiling Huang, Tiansen Li","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020150","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> poses a substantial health risk to both humans and animals. This study evaluated the potential of using the <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> Δ<i>sptP</i> mutant as a live-attenuated vaccine candidate by constructing it through homologous recombination and assessing its key biological properties, including growth characteristics, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We generated the Δ<i>sptP</i> mutant through targeted gene deletion, ensuring the preservation of the bacterial strain's growth and stability. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to compare the invasive capabilities between the mutant and the wild-type strains. Specifically, we examined the invasion into RAW264.7 murine macrophages and mice. Furthermore, the virulence of the mutant was evaluated by determining the median lethal dose (LD₅₀). To evaluate immunogenicity and protection, mice were immunized with 2 × 10⁴ CFUs of the Δ<i>sptP</i> mutant, followed by a booster immunization, and then challenged with a virulent strain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Δ<i>sptP</i> mutant exhibited no significant changes in growth characteristics or genetic stability compared to the wild-type strain. However, it demonstrated a significantly diminished capacity for invasion in both murine macrophages and mice. The LD₅₀ for the mutant was 39.92-fold higher than that of the wild-type, indicating a marked reduction in virulence. Mice immunized with the Δ<i>sptP</i> mutant and administered a booster immunization exhibited 87.5% protection against challenge with a virulent strain, as compared to the PBS control group. Moreover, the mutant induced IgG antibody levels comparable to those induced by the wild-type strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Δ<i>sptP</i> mutant of <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> exhibits markedly reduced virulence while retaining robust immunogenicity and protective efficacy. These findings suggest that the Δ<i>sptP</i> mutant is a promising candidate for a live-attenuated vaccine, potentially providing an effective strategy to prevent <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and Challenges in HIV-1 Vaccine Research: A Comprehensive Overview.","authors":"Alex C Boomgarden, Chitra Upadhyay","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020148","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine remains a formidable challenge in biomedical research. Despite significant advancements in our understanding of HIV biology and pathogenesis, progress has been impeded by factors such as the virus's genetic diversity, high mutation rates, and its ability to establish latent reservoirs. Recent innovative approaches, including mosaic vaccines and mRNA technology to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies, have shown promise. However, the efficacy of these vaccines has been modest, with the best results achieving approximately 30% effectiveness. Ongoing research emphasizes the necessity of a multifaceted strategy to overcome these obstacles and achieve a breakthrough in HIV-1 vaccine development. This review summarizes current approaches utilized to further understand HIV-1 biology and to create a global vaccine. We discuss the impact of these approaches on vaccine development for other diseases, including COVID-19, influenza, and Zika virus. Additionally, we highlight the specific limitations faced with each approach and present the methods researchers employ to overcome these challenges. These innovative techniques, which have demonstrated preclinical and clinical success, have advanced the field closer to the ultimate goal of developing a global HIV-1 vaccine. Leveraging these advancements will enable significant strides in combating HIV-1 and other infectious diseases, ultimately improving global health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Immune Profile of Multi-Epitope Synthetic Antigen Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico and In Vivo Approach.","authors":"Maria da Conceição Viana Invenção, Larissa Silva de Macêdo, Ingrid Andrêssa de Moura, Lucas Alexandre Barbosa de Oliveira Santos, Benigno Cristofer Flores Espinoza, Samara Sousa de Pinho, Lígia Rosa Sales Leal, Daffany Luana Dos Santos, Bianca de França São Marcos, Carolina Elsztein, Georon Ferreira de Sousa, Guilherme Antonio de Souza-Silva, Bárbara Rafaela da Silva Barros, Leonardo Carvalho de Oliveira Cruz, Julliano Matheus de Lima Maux, Jacinto da Costa Silva Neto, Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo, Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva, Marcus Vinicius de Aragão Batista, Antonio Carlos de Freitas","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020149","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rapid advancement of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants reinforced the importance of developing easy-to-edit vaccines with fast production, such as multi-epitope DNA vaccines. The present study aimed to construct a synthetic antigen multi-epitope SARS-CoV-2 to produce a DNA vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A database of previously predicted Spike and Nucleocapsid protein epitopes was created, and these epitopes were analyzed for immunogenicity, conservation, population coverage, and molecular docking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A synthetic antigen with 15 epitopes considered immunogenic, conserved even in the face of variants and that were able to anchor themselves in the appropriate HLA site, together had more than 90% worldwide coverage. A multi-epitope construct was developed with the sequences of these peptides separated from each other by linkers, cloned into the pVAX1 vector. This construct was evaluated in vivo as a DNA vaccine and elicited T CD4+ and T CD8+ cell expansion in the blood and spleen. In hematological analyses, there was an increase in lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils between the two doses. Furthermore, based on histopathological analysis, the vaccines did not cause any damage to the organs analyzed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study generated a multi-epitope synthetic vaccine antigen capable of generating antibody-mediated and cellular immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}