Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Live Plague Vaccine Development: Past, Present, and Future.","authors":"Andrey P Anisimov, Anastasia S Vagaiskaya, Alexandra S Trunyakova, Svetlana V Dentovskaya","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the last 100 years, vaccine development has evolved from an empirical approach to one of the more rational vaccine designs where the careful selection of antigens and adjuvants is key to the desired efficacy for challenging pathogens and/or challenging populations. To improve immunogenicity while maintaining a favorable reactogenicity and safety profile, modern vaccine design must consider factors beyond the choice of target antigen alone. With new vaccine technologies currently emerging, it will be possible to custom-design vaccines for optimal efficacy in groups of people with different responses to vaccination. It should be noted that after a fairly long period of overwhelming dominance of papers devoted to subunit plague vaccines, materials devoted to the development of live plague vaccines have increasingly been published. In this review, we present our opinion on reasonable tactics for the development and application of live, safe, and protective human plague vaccines causing an enhanced duration of protection and breadth of action against various virulent strains in vaccination studies representing different ages, genders, and nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes responsible for immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Rotavirus Vaccine Acceptance in an Area of Southern Italy with Low Vaccination Coverage: A Case-Control Study by the Health Belief Model Questionnaire.","authors":"Davide Anzà, Massimiliano Esposito, Giorgio Bertolazzi, Alessandra Fallucca, Carlo Genovese, Gabriele Maniscalco, Andrea D Praticò, Tiziana Scarpaci, Ermanno Vitale, Vincenzo Restivo","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010063","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Rotavirus (RV) is the primary cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality, particularly among children under five years of age. The introduction of Rotavirus vaccines (RVV) has markedly reduced RV-related childhood deaths, especially in Europe, where substantial reductions in hospitalizations and disease prevalence have been observed. Despite these advances, RVV uptake in Italy remains below the desired targets, with notable regional disparities. In Sicily, vaccination rates have fluctuated, with current coverage failing to meet national goals. Safety concerns and insufficient parental awareness are major barriers to RVV acceptance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was conducted in Southern Italy to identify factors influencing parental acceptance of RVV. Data were collected from parents using a structured questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic factors, vaccine knowledge, and attitudes based on the Health Belief Model (HBM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 226 parents were enrolled. Higher perceived benefit of RVV was significantly associated with increased vaccine adherence (Odds Ratio = 13.65; 95% Confidence Interval = 6.88-27.09; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve vaccine coverage and address regional and socio-economic barriers to RVV acceptance. Furthermore, tailored educational campaigns and univocal information from healthcare providers could play pivotal roles in achieving higher vaccine uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neo-BCV: A Novel Bacterial Liquid Complex Vaccine for Enhancing Dendritic Cell-Mediated Immune Responses Against Lung Cancer.","authors":"Zilong Zhu, Zhuze Chu, Fei Fei, Chenxi Wu, Zhengyue Fei, Yuxia Sun, Yun Chen, Peihua Lu","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010064","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the past decade, immunotherapy has become a major choice for the treatment of lung cancer, yet its therapeutic efficacy is still relatively limited due to the various immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Based on this, we introduce Neo-BCV, a novel bacterial composite vaccine designed to enhance immune responses against lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the immune enhancing effect of Neo-BCV through in vivo and in vitro experiments, including flow cytometry, RNA-seq, and Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have demonstrated that Neo-BCV can promote Dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and induce DCs differentiation into pro-inflammatory subgroups, significantly enhancing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated anti-tumor responses. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Neo-BCV exerts its effects by specifically inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway, a crucial regulator of cancer progression, metabolism, and inflammation. Moreover, Neo-BCV significantly improved the immune microenvironment in both tumor and spleen tissues without inducing notable toxic effects in major organs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight Neo-BCV's potential as a safe and effective therapeutic strategy, offering a novel avenue for clinical translation in lung cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jet Injection of Naked mRNA Encoding the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Induces a High Level of a Specific Immune Response in Mice.","authors":"Denis N Kisakov, Larisa I Karpenko, Lyubov A Kisakova, Sergey V Sharabrin, Mariya B Borgoyakova, Ekaterina V Starostina, Oleg S Taranov, Elena K Ivleva, Oleg V Pyankov, Anna V Zaykovskaya, Elena V Dmitrienko, Vladimir A Yakovlev, Elena V Tigeeva, Irina Alekseevna Bauer, Svetlana I Krasnikova, Nadezhda B Rudometova, Andrey P Rudometov, Artemiy A Sergeev, Alexander A Ilyichev","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Although mRNA vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have demonstrated a safety profile with minimal serious adverse events in clinical trials, there is opportunity to further reduce mRNA reactogenicity. The development of naked mRNA vaccines could improve vaccine tolerability. Naked nucleic acid delivery using the jet injection method may be a solution. <b>Methods:</b> In the first part of the study, the optimal conditions providing low traumatization and high expression of the model mRNA-GFP molecule in the tissues of laboratory animals were determined. Then, we used the selected protocol to immunize BALB/c mice with mRNA-RBD encoding the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD). It was demonstrated that mice vaccinated with naked mRNA-RBD developed a high level of specific antibodies with virus-neutralizing activity. The vaccine also induced a strong RBD-specific T-cell response and reduced the viral load in the lungs of the animals after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The level of immune response in mice immunized with mRNA-RBD using a spring-loaded jet injector was comparable to that in animals immunized with mRNA-RBD encapsulated in LNPs. <b>Results:</b> In this study, the efficacy of an inexpensive, simple, and safe method of mRNA delivery using a spring-loaded jet injector was evaluated and validated. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that the jet injection method may be a possible alternative to LNPs for delivering mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Partnerships in Supporting COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Migrants: A Qualitative Case Study from Tamil Nadu and Punjab, India.","authors":"Ankita Meghani, Bharathi Palanisamy, Sunita Singh, Tanya Singh, Natasha Kanagat, Anil Gupta, Kapil Singh, Gopal Krishna Soni","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant populations remained under-immunized due to limited access to health care, language barriers, and vaccine hesitancy. The USAID-funded MOMENTUM Routine Immunization Transformation and Equity project supported the government in collaborating with various local health and non-health partners to identify and vaccinate migrants. This case study examines the roles of project partners and the strategies each entity implemented to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among migrants, as well as the perceptions regarding the effectiveness of these strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed a qualitative explanatory case study guided by the Behavioral and Social Drivers framework and RE-AIM implementation science frameworks. We conducted 31 focus group discussions and 50 in-depth interviews with migrants, project partners, community leaders, and government stakeholders in Tamil Nadu and Punjab.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both states, partnerships with health departments, private employers, and community-based organizations were essential for identifying and vaccinating un- and under-vaccinated migrant groups. In Tamil Nadu, collaboration with the Department of Labor and mobile medical units facilitated vaccination camps at construction sites. In Punjab, religious institutions organized sessions at places of worship, and the Border Security Force enabled health workers to reach migrants living near the border. In both states, key strategies-involving influencers to discuss the importance of vaccine safety and value, bringing vaccination services to migrants' workplaces and homes at flexible times and mandating workplace vaccination to encourage vaccination-shifted perceptions towards vaccination and increased vaccine uptake among migrants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The strategies and partnerships identified in this study highlight the broader implications for future public health interventions, demonstrating that collaboration with the private sector and faith-based organizations can enhance routine immunization efforts, particularly when localized to organizations that understand community needs and can address specific barriers and motivators.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Immunity: An Increased Number of COVID-19 Boosters Increases the Longevity of Anti-RBD and Anti-RBD-Neutralizing Antibodies.","authors":"Ching-Wen Hou, Stacy Williams, Veronica Boyle, Alexa Roeder, Bradley Bobbett, Izamar Garcia, Giavanna Caruth, Mitch Magee, Yunro Chung, Douglas F Lake, Joshua LaBaer, Vel Murugan","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010061","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020, the virus has caused multiple waves of infection globally. Arizona State University (ASU), the largest four-year university in the United States, offers a uniquely diverse setting for assessing immunity within a large community. This study aimed to test our hypothesis that an increased number of exposures to SARS-CoV-2 RBD through vaccination/boosters/infection will increase SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence by increasing the longevity of anti-RBD and anti-RBD-neutralizing antibodies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A serosurvey was conducted at ASU from 30 January to 3 February 2023. Participants completed questionnaires about demographics, respiratory infection history, symptoms, and COVID-19 vaccination status. Blood samples were analyzed for anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG and anti-nucleocapsid (NC) antibodies, offering a comprehensive view of immunity from both natural infection and vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The seroprevalence of anti-RBD IgG antibodies was 96.2% (95% CI: 94.8-97.2%), and 64.9% (95% CI: 61.9-67.8%) of participants had anti-NC antibodies. Anti-RBD IgG levels correlated strongly with neutralizing antibody levels, and participants who received more vaccine doses showed higher levels of both anti-RBD IgG and neutralizing antibodies. Increasing the number of exposures through vaccination and/or infection resulted in higher and long-lasting antibodies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high levels of anti-RBD antibodies observed reflect substantial vaccine uptake within this population. Ongoing vaccination efforts, especially as new variants emerge, are essential to maintaining protective antibody levels. These findings underscore the importance of sustained public health initiatives to support broad-based immunity and protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pertussis Vaccination for Adults: An Updated Guide for Clinicians.","authors":"Kay Choong See","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pertussis, or whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>. Although traditionally associated with children, pertussis is increasingly prevalent among adults, particularly those with comorbidities or weakened immune systems, where it can lead to severe complications. Diagnosing pertussis in adults can be challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms, underreporting, and the limited sensitivity of available diagnostic tests. While treatment with macrolides is generally effective, it may not significantly alter the clinical course of the disease, and growing concerns about macrolide resistance are emerging. Vaccination remains the cornerstone of prevention, offering proven immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety. However, vaccination uptake remains low, partly due to limited patient awareness and insufficient prioritization by healthcare professionals. This review aims to provide clinicians with critical insights into pertussis epidemiology, vaccination strategies, and the latest guideline recommendations, empowering them to engage in meaningful discussions with adult patients and advocate for increased vaccination to combat this often-overlooked infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Predictors of Lyme Disease Vaccine Acceptance: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland.","authors":"Dawid Lewandowski, Artur Sulik, Filip Raciborski, Milena Krasnodebska, Joanna Gebarowska, Aleksandra Stalewska, Kacper Toczylowski","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010055","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Lyme disease (LD) is a major public health problem in Europe and the United States, with increasing incidence and not many prevention options. Vaccine hesitancy might be a significant barrier to successful vaccination campaigns having in mind previous vaccine development failures. This study aimed to evaluate the public's perception of LD vaccination in Poland, assess willingness to vaccinate, and identify factors influencing vaccination attitudes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents of children hospitalized at the University Children's Hospital in Bialystok, Poland. The survey consisted of 29 questions regarding demographics, LD knowledge, vaccine attitudes, and perceived risks. Data were collected between January and December 2023 and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify predictors of respondents' positive vaccination attitudes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 503 valid responses were analyzed. Most respondents (72.4%) showed positive attitudes towards vaccination, while 18.5% were neutral and 9.1% were negative. Trust in health experts emerged as an important predictor of vaccination acceptance (OR 22.84; <i>p</i> < 0.001). More than 80% of participants recognized an LD vaccine as necessary, and 64.21% believed it would reduce their concerns about LD. Willingness to vaccinate was influenced by general positive vaccine attitudes, recognized danger of LD, and belief in the vaccine's ability to ease fears. Notably, 40.8% of respondents were uncertain about vaccine risks, with this group tending to be younger, less educated, and expressing lower trust in medical professionals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Public perception of LD in Poland indicates a high acceptance of a potential LD vaccine. Still, addressing vaccine hesitancy remains critical, particularly among undecided or neutral respondents. Building trust in healthcare professionals and addressing safety worries are important to increasing future LD vaccine use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Future Pandemic Preparedness Through the Development of Preventive Vaccine Platforms and the Key Roles of International Organizations in a Global Health Crisis.","authors":"Jihee Jeon, Eunyoung Kim","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010056","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010056","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; The emergence of more than 40 new infectious diseases since the 1980s has emerged as a serious global health concern, many of which are zoonotic. In response, many international organizations, including the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), have developed strategies to combat these health threats. The need for rapid vaccine development has been highlighted by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and mRNA technology has shown promise as a platform. While the acceleration of vaccine development has been successful, concerns have been raised about the technical limits, safety, supply, and distribution of vaccines. &lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; This study analyzes the status of vaccine platform development in global pandemics and explores ways to respond to future pandemic crises through an overview of the roles of international organizations and their support programs. It examines the key roles and partnerships of international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), vaccine research and development expertise of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), control of the vaccine supply chain and distribution by the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), and technology transfer capabilities of the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) in supporting the development, production, and supply of vaccine platform technologies for pandemic priority diseases announced by WHO and CEPI and analyzes their vaccine support programs and policies to identify effective ways to rapidly respond to future pandemics caused by emerging infectious diseases. &lt;b&gt;Methods&lt;/b&gt;: This study focused on vaccine platform technology and the key roles of international organizations in the pandemic crisis. Literature data on vaccine platform development was collected, compared, and analyzed through national and international literature data search sites, referring to articles, journals, research reports, publications, books, guidelines, clinical trial data, and related reports. In addition, the websites of international vaccine support organizations, such as WHO, CEPI, GAVI, and IVI, were used to examine vaccine support projects, initiatives, and collaborations through literature reviews and case study methods. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: The COVID-19 pandemic brought focus on the necessity for developing innovative vaccine platforms. Despite initial concerns, the swift integration of cutting-edge development technologies, mass production capabilities, and global collaboration have made messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines a game-changing technology. As a result of the successful application of novel vaccine platforms, it is important to address the remaining challenges, including technical limits, safety concerns, and equitable global distribution. To achieve this, it is essential to review the regulatory, policy, and su","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Truncated NS1 Influenza A Virus Induces a Robust Antigen-Specific Tissue-Resident T-Cell Response and Promotes Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Formation in Mice.","authors":"Anna-Polina Shurygina, Marina Shuklina, Olga Ozhereleva, Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko, Sofia Kovaleva, Andrej Egorov, Dmitry Lioznov, Marina Stukova","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13010058","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13010058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Influenza viruses with truncated NS1 proteins show promise as viral vectors and candidates for mucosal universal influenza vaccines. These mutant NS1 viruses, which lack the N-terminal half of the NS1 protein (124 a.a.), are unable to antagonise the innate immune response. This creates a self-adjuvant effect enhancing heterologous protection by inducing a robust CD8+ T-cell response together with immunoregulatory mechanisms. However, the effects of NS1 modifications on T-follicular helper (Tfh) and B-cell responses remain less understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C57bl/6 mice were immunised intranasally with 10 μL of either an influenza virus containing a truncated NS1 protein (PR8/NS124), a cold-adapted influenza virus with a full-length NS1 (caPR8/NSfull), or a wild-type virus (PR8/NSfull). Immune responses were assessed on days 8 and 28 post-immunisation by flow cytometry, ELISA, and HAI assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we demonstrate that intranasal immunisation with PR8/NS124 significantly increases tissue-resident CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lungs and activates Tfh cells in regional lymph nodes as early as day 8 post-immunisation. These effects are not observed in mice immunised with caPR8/NSfull or PR8/NSfull. Notably, PR8/NS124 immunisation also leads to the development of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in the lungs by day 28, characterised by the presence of antigen-specific Tfh cells and GL7+Fas+ germinal centre B cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings further underscore the potential of NS1-truncated influenza viruses to drive robust mucosal immune responses and enhance vaccine efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}