Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Heterogeneous Associations Between Pandemic-Induced Socioeconomic Hardships and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: A Nationally Representative Analysis in the United States.","authors":"JungHo Park, Byoungjun Kim","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111277","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Socioeconomic hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with lower vaccine uptake. Since the pandemic has exacerbated socioeconomic challenges faced by sexual and gender minority populations, including employment income loss, housing instability, food insufficiency, and household expense difficulty, this study investigated the disparities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake among these populations. <b>Methods:</b> Using the U.S. Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey, a nationally representative sample of 1,767,966 individuals (6% gay or lesbian, 4.2% bisexual, 1.6% something else, and 90.6% heterosexual respondents), we quantified the COVID-19 vaccine uptakes among sexual and gender minorities, as well as the effect measure modifications by socioeconomic hardships. <b>Results:</b> Despite higher vaccine uptake rates among sexual and gender minorities compared to their heterosexual counterparts, socioeconomic hardships triggered by the pandemic among these populations were associated with decreased vaccine uptake. Importantly, the effect measure modifications by socioeconomic hardships were more pronounced among sexual and gender minority status compared to heterosexual individuals. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results highlight the critical need to address socioeconomic hardships among sexual and gender minorities to enhance vaccine uptake, along with the pre-existing and exacerbated social and economic disadvantages during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination Against Androgen Receptor Splice Variants to Immunologically Target Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Robert D Marek, Selena Halabi, Mu-En Wang, Jason McBane, Junping Wei, Tao Wang, Xiao Yang, Congxiao Liu, Gangjun Lei, Herbert Kim Lyerly, Ming Chen, Timothy N Trotter, Zachary C Hartman","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111273","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling are critical for the progression of prostate cancer and have been the therapeutic focus of prostate cancer for over 50 years. While a variety of agents have been developed to target this axis, many of these fail due to the emergent expression of AR RNA splice variants, such as AR-V7, that can signal independently of ligand binding. Other therapies, such as vaccination against prostate-specific antigens, have achieved FDA approvals but have fallen short of being incorporated as standard-of-care therapies for advanced prostate cancer. This may be due to the elevated level of immunosuppression observed in prostate cancer, which remains largely refractory to immune checkpoint blockade. <b>Methods</b>: We developed a vaccine targeting AR-V7, a common isoform associated with treatment resistance, and demonstrated its ability to elicit AR-V7-specific immunity and enable anti-tumor responses against AR-V7+ cancers in subcutaneous tumor models. <b>Results</b>: Our studies also revealed that AR-V7 expression conferred an immune suppressive phenotype that was significant in a non-AR-dependent prostate cancer model. Notably, in this model, we found that vaccination in combination with enzalutamide, an AR antagonist, suppressed these aggressive immune suppressive cancers and resulted in enhanced survival in comparison to control vaccinated and enzalutamide-treated mice. While anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) alone slowed tumor growth, the majority of vaccinated mice that received anti-PD-1 therapy showed complete tumor elimination. <b>Conclusions</b>: Collectively, these results validate the importance of AR signaling in prostate cancer immune suppression and suggest the potential of AR-V7-specific vaccines as therapeutic strategies against prostate cancer, offering significant protective and therapeutic anti-tumor responses, even in the presence of androgen signaling inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against African Swine Fever Virus Infection.","authors":"Tianqi Zhang, Zixun Lu, Jia Liu, Yang Tao, Youhui Si, Jing Ye, Shengbo Cao, Bibo Zhu","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111278","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Africa swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that can result in up to 100% lethality in both wild and domestic swine, regardless of breed or age. The ongoing ASF pandemic poses significant threats to the pork industry and food security, with serious implications for the sanitary and socioeconomic system. Due to the limited understanding of ASFV pathogenesis and immune protection mechanisms, there are currently no safe and effective vaccines or specific treatments available, complicating efforts for prevention and control. This review summarizes the current understanding of the intricate interplay between ASFV and the host immune system, encompassing both innate and adaptive immune responses to ASFV infection, as well as insights into ASFV pathogenesis and immunosuppression. We aim to provide comprehensive information to support fundamental research on ASFV, highlighting existing gaps and suggesting future research directions. This work may serve as a theoretical foundation for the rational design of protective vaccines against this devastating viral disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Optimised Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Ferret Efficacy Model Successfully Translates H1N1 Clinical Data.","authors":"Katarzyna E Schewe, Shaun Cooper, Jonathan Crowe, Steffan Llewellyn, Lydia Ritter, Kathryn A Ryan, Oliver Dibben","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111275","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between 2013 and 2016, the A/H1N1pdm09 component of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) produced instances of lower-than-expected vaccine effectiveness. Standard pre-clinical ferret models, using a human-like vaccine dose and focusing on antigenic match to circulating wildtype (<i>wt</i>) strains, were unable to predict these fluctuations. By optimising the vaccine dose and utilising clinically relevant endpoints, we aimed to develop a ferret efficacy model able to reproduce clinical observations. Ferrets were intranasally vaccinated with 4 Log₁₀ FFU/animal (1000-fold reduction compared to clinical dose) of seven historical LAIV formulations with known (19-90%) H1N1 vaccine efficacy or effectiveness (VE). Following homologous H1N1 <i>wt</i> virus challenge, protection was assessed based on primary endpoints of <i>wt</i> virus shedding in the upper respiratory tract and the development of fever. LAIV formulations with high (82-90%) H1N1 VE provided significant protection from <i>wt</i> challenge, while formulations with reduced (19-32%) VE tended not to provide significant protection. The strongest correlation observed was between reduction in <i>wt</i> shedding and VE (R² = 0.75). Conversely, serum immunogenicity following vaccination was not a reliable indicator of protection (R² = 0.37). This demonstrated that, by optimisation of the vaccine dose and the use of non-serological, clinically relevant protection endpoints, the ferret model could successfully translate clinical H1N1 LAIV VE data.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis A Seroprevalence Among HIV-Exposed and Unexposed Pediatric Populations in South Africa.","authors":"Edina Amponsah-Dacosta, Lufuno Ratshisusu, Lorato M Modise, Ntombifuthi Blose, Omphile E Simani, Selokela G Selabe, Benjamin M Kagina, Rudzani Muloiwa","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111276","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> There is limited evidence comparing hepatitis A seroprevalence among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU), HIV-infected (HIV), and unexposed uninfected (HUU) children. This compromises rational vaccine decision-making. <b>Methods:</b> This study comprised a retrospective health facility-based population of children aged 1 month-12 years. Archival sera were tested for markers of acute (anti-HAV IgM) or past (total anti-HAV) HAV infection. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on perinatal HIV exposure or infection status. <b>Results:</b> Among 513 children, the median age was 10 (IQR: 4-25) months. The median maternal age was 29 (IQR: 25-34) years. An anti-HAV seropositivity of 95.1% (117/122 [95% CI 90.2-98.4]) was found among those ≤6 months of age, indicative of the rate of transplacental antibody transfer. Among 1-12-year-olds, hepatitis A seroprevalence was 19.3% (37/192 [95% CI 14.1-25.7]), while 1.1% (2/188 [95% CI 0.12-2.76]) had evidence of acute infection. Compared to HIV-exposed subgroups (HIV = 60%, 6/10 [95% CI 27.4-86.3] and HEU = 45%, 9/20 [95% CI 23.8-68]), hepatitis A seroprevalence among HUU children was low (29.2%, 47/161 [95% CI 22.4-37.0]). <b>Conclusions:</b> Natural immunity among HIV-exposed and unexposed children in South Africa is insufficient to protect against severe liver complications associated with HAV infection later in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142731862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunity Dynamics of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Serogroups ACYW from Birth and Following Vaccination.","authors":"Lilian Zeng, Yingyin Deng, Chumin Liang, Zixia Qian, Yueling Chen, Huifang Lin, Runyu Yuan, Pingping Zhou, Xue Zhuang, Ying Yang, Qi Zhu, Limei Sun, Jianfeng He, Jiufeng Sun","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111274","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Serosurveillance of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (ECM) in healthy individuals is crucial for assessing disease risk and evaluating the effectiveness of vaccinations. However, this practical work is rare in China. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted cross-section serosurveillance in Guangzhou, Zhanjiang, and Heyuan in Guangdong Province, measuring Anti-Nm IgG with serogroups A, C, Y, and W, and analyzed the trends using a generalized additive model (GAM). <b>Results</b>: During 2019-2022, 7752 participants were included. The overall antibody positivity rate for serogroups A, C, Y, and W were 60.75%, 15.51%, 32.83%, and 14.56%, respectively. High Anti-Nm IgG was in children aged 0-5 and 5-10 years old. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of Anti-Nm IgG were higher and correlated positively with vaccine doses compared with unvaccinated individuals. The GMC showed a consistent decrease trend in the vaccinated and a U-shaped curve in populations. The declined rates of GMC were 1.59 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.14) µg/mL, 1.65 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.03), 0.62 (95% CI: 0.22, 1.03), and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.53) µg/mL per year for serogroups A, C, Y, and W, respectively. <b>Conclusions</b>: There were differences in antibody positivity rate and GMC for the four serogroups of ECM in the healthy individuals of Guangdong Province, with serogroup A showing the highest, and the demographic differences highlighted the high seroprevalence of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> in younger people. The variable prevalence rates among serogroups A, C, Y, and W and the observed decline in antibody titers underscore the need for adjustments in the immunization program targeting the meningococcal vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a Glycoconjugate Vaccine Against <i>Salmonella</i> Paratyphi A.","authors":"Renzo Alfini, Martina Carducci, Luisa Massai, Daniele De Simone, Marco Mariti, Omar Rossi, Simona Rondini, Francesca Micoli, Carlo Giannelli","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111272","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Typhoid and paratyphoid fever together are responsible for millions of cases and thousands of deaths per year, most of which occur in children in South and Southeast Asia. While typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) are licensed, no vaccines are currently available against <i>S.</i> Paratyphi A. Here we describe the design of a <i>S.</i> Paratyphi A conjugate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The serovar-specific O-antigen (O:2) was linked to the CRM₁₉₇ carrier protein (O:2-CRM₁₉₇) and a panel of conjugates differing for structural characteristics were compared in mice and rabbits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified the O-antigen molecular size, polysaccharide to protein ratio, conjugate cross-linking, and O:2 O-acetylation level as critical quality attributes and identified optimal design for a more immunogenic vaccine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work guides the development of the O:2-CRM₁₉₇ conjugate to be combined with TCV in a bivalent formulation against enteric fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11599127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Feed-Based Genome-Free Bacterial Vaccine Against <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> Infection in Red Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> sp.).","authors":"Nur Shidaa Mohd Ali, Mohamad Syazwan Ngalimat, Boon Chuan Lim, Chia-Chen Hsu, Annas Salleh, Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin, Ina Salwany Md Yasin, Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111271","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> causes motile <i>Aeromonas</i> septicemia (MAS), a disease with a high mortality rate in tilapia culture. Feed-based vaccines with the incorporation of inactivated whole-cell bacteria into the feed offer promising tools to control MAS. Currently, the incorporation of genome-free bacteria as bacterial vaccine through the implementation of SimCells^® technology into the feed has become a particular interest. <b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study investigates the efficacy of a feed-based vaccine incorporating genome-free <i>A. hydrophila</i> (FBV-GFAH) against MAS infection in red tilapia. <b>Methods</b>: The vaccine was prepared and delivered at 5% fish body weight for three consecutive days in weeks 0 (prime vaccination) and 2 (first booster vaccination), orally. Throughout a five-week experimental period, the immune-related genes (IL-1<i>β</i>, MHC-II, CD4, IgT, and IgM) expression in the hindgut and head kidney of the fish was determined using RT-qPCR assay. Lysozyme (serum) and overall IgM (serum, gut lavage, and skin mucus) productions were also detected. <b>Results</b>: Fish vaccinated with FBV-GFAH showed a significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) improvement in relative percent survival compared with unvaccinated fish following bacterial challenge. FBV-GFAH induced the expression of immune-related genes in the hindgut and head kidney, especially after booster vaccination. Furthermore, serum lysozyme activity and overall IgM production in serum, skin mucus, and gut lavage were also significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) improved in the FBV-GFAH vaccinated fish than the unvaccinated fish. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study showed that FBV-GFAH is a promising feed-based vaccine technology to control MAS in cultured tilapia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Vaccination: Assessing Safety, Efficacy, and Synergistic Potential.","authors":"Jacob New, Luke Shenton, Radia Ksayer, Justin Wang, Karam Zakharia, Laura J Nicholson, Amitabh C Pandey","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become predominant therapies for cancer, the safety and efficacy of combining ICIs with vaccinations remain areas of needed investigation. As ICIs gain broader clinical application, the relevance of current vaccination guidelines for cancer patients-largely developed in the context of cytotoxic therapies-becomes increasingly uncertain. Although data support the safety of combining inactivated influenza and mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with ICI therapy, comprehensive data on other infectious disease vaccines remain scarce. Notably, the combination of ICIs with infectious disease vaccines does not appear to exacerbate immune-related adverse events, despite the heightened cytokine activity observed. However, the efficacy of vaccines administered alongside ICIs in preventing infectious diseases remains poorly supported by robust evidence. Preliminary findings suggest a potential survival benefit in cancer patients receiving ICI therapy alongside influenza or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, though the quality of evidence is currently low. Moreover, the synergistic potential of combining therapeutic cancer vaccines, particularly mRNA-based vaccines, with ICIs indicates promise but with a paucity of phase III data to confirm efficacy. This review critically examines the safety and efficacy of combining ICIs with both infectious disease vaccines and therapeutic cancer vaccines. While vaccination appears safe in patients undergoing ICI therapy, the impact on infectious disease prevention and cancer treatment outcomes warrants further rigorous investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Palivizumab for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis on Preschool Childhood Asthma.","authors":"Hannah Ora Hasson, Yoav Bachar, Itai Hazan, Inbal Golan-Tripto, Aviv Goldbart, David Greenberg, Guy Hazan","doi":"10.3390/vaccines12111269","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines12111269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and is associated with an increased risk of asthma development. Palivizumab, an RSV prophylactic, reduces RSV-related hospitalizations in high-risk infants, but its impact on long-term asthma outcomes remains unclear. This study compares asthma-related healthcare utilization in preschool children born prematurely between those who received Palivizumab (the Prophylaxis (+) group) and those who did not (the Prophylaxis (-) group).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study utilized data from Clalit Healthcare Services in Israel. The study included children born between 32 + 6 and 34 + 6 weeks of gestational age from 2011 to 2018. Descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were performed to compare the Prophylaxis (+) and the Prophylaxis (-) groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 4503 children were included, with 3287 in the Prophylaxis (+) group and 1216 in the Prophylaxis (-) group. Palivizumab administration was associated with reduced hospitalizations for RSV bronchiolitis (1.8% vs. 3.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.003). However, no significant differences were observed in multivariate analysis for long-term asthma outcomes, including asthma diagnosis (OR = 1.04, CI = 0.84-1.30, <i>p</i> = 0.7) or emergency department visits for asthma (OR = 0.79, CI = 0.54-1.17, <i>p</i> = 0.2). Similarly, Palivizumab administration was not associated with the purchase of short-acting beta-agonists (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.98-1.32, <i>p</i> = 0.084), inhaled corticosteroids (OR = 1.1, CI = 0.93-1.32, <i>p</i> = 0.3), or oral corticosteroids (OR = 1.09, CI = 0.94-1.26, <i>p</i> = 0.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While Palivizumab effectively reduces RSV acute bronchiolitis in preterm infants, it does not significantly impact long-term preschool asthma-related healthcare utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}