Vaccines最新文献

{"title":"Novel sACE2-Anti-CD16VHH Fusion Protein Surreptitiously Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Variant Spike Proteins and Macrophage Cytokines, and Activates Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity.","authors":"Abdolkarim Sheikhi, Leili Baghaie, Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh, Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani, Cobra Moradian, Mohammadreza Davidi, Narges Baharifar, Golnaz Kaboli, Mehdi Sheikhi, Yunfan Li, Mohammadamin Meghdadi, Abdulrahman M Yaish, Aiden H Yu, William W Harless, Myron R Szewczuk","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020199","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b><b>/Objectives</b>: The SARS-CoV-2's high mutations and replication rates contribute to its high infectivity and resistance to current vaccinations and treatments. The primary cause of resistance to most current treatments aligns within the coding regions for the spike S protein of SARS-CoV-2 that has mutated. As a potential novel immunotherapy, we generated a novel fusion protein composed of a soluble ACE2 (sACE2) linked to llama-derived anti-CD16 that targets different variants of spike proteins and enhances natural killer cells to target infected cells. <b>Methods</b>: Here, we generated a novel sACE2-AntiCD16VHH fusion protein using a Gly4Ser linker, synthesized and cloned into the pLVX-EF1alpha-IRES-Puro vector, and further expressed in ExpiCHO-S cells and purified using Ni⁺NTA chromatography. <b>Results</b>: The fusion protein significantly blocked SARS-CoV-2 alpha, beta, delta, gamma, and omicron S-proteins binding and activating angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor-2 (ACE2) on ACE2-expressing RAW-Blue macrophage cells and the secretion of several key inflammatory cytokines, G-CSF, MIP-1A, and MCP-1, implicated in the cytokine release storm (CRS). The sACE2-Anti-CD16VHH fusion protein also bridged NK cells to ACE2-expressing human lung carcinoma A549 cells and significantly activated NK-dependent cytotoxicity. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings show that a VHH directed against CD16 could be an excellent candidate to be linked to soluble ACE2 to generate a bi-specific molecule (sACE2-AntiCD16VHH) suitable for bridging effector cells and infected target cells to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins binding to the ACE2 receptor in the RAW-Blue cell line and pro-inflammatory cytokines and to activate natural killer cell cytotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amonabactin Synthetase G Regulates <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> Pathogenicity Through Modulation of Host Wnt/β-catenin Signaling.","authors":"Yiyang Tang, Xiaofeng Liu, Chuyi Zeng, Yujun Liu, Ye Yang, Jiayi Hu, Pingyuan Li, Zejun Zhou","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020195","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> is a significant opportunistic pathogen with a broad host range. It produces a catecholate siderophore, amonabactin, during iron starvation, but the in vivo infection mechanism that involves amonabactin is unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of amonabactin synthetase G (AmoG) in the pathogenicity of <i>A. hydrophila</i> and its impact on gut barrier function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Δ<i>AmoG</i> was generated by deleting the AMP-binding domain of AmoG in <i>A. hydrophila</i> CCL1. In vivo infection experiments were conducted to assess the mutant's iron-chelating ability and pathogenicity. Complementation of Δ<i>AmoG</i> with AmoG (Δ<i>AmoG</i>-C) was performed to confirm the observed phenotypes. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses were used to investigate gene expression changes in infected fish. Goblet cell counts, tight junction expression, and D-lactic acid and LPS levels were measured to evaluate gut barrier function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Δ<i>AmoG</i> exhibited impaired iron-chelating ability and reduced pathogenicity compared to wild-type CCL1. Complementation with AmoG restored virulence in Δ<i>AmoG</i>-C. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses revealed an elevated expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway components and antimicrobial genes in Δ<i>AmoG</i>-infected fish. Further investigation indicated increased goblet cells and an enhanced expression of tight junctions, as well as lower D-lactic acid and LPS levels, in Δ<i>AmoG</i>-infected fish. However, gut permeability, bacterial load, and lethality did not significantly differ between CCL1, Δ<i>AmoG</i>, and Δ<i>AmoG</i>-C infections when the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AmoG plays a crucial role in <i>A. hydrophila</i> pathogenicity by modulating host Wnt/β-catenin signaling and gut mucosal barrier function. This study provides insights into the pathogenesis of <i>A. hydrophila</i> and potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early and Late Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in South Korea During the 2023-2024 Season.","authors":"Yu Jung Choi, Joon Young Song, Seong-Heon Wie, Jacob Lee, Jin-Soo Lee, Hye Won Jeong, Joong Sik Eom, Jang Wook Sohn, Won Suk Choi, Eliel Nham, Jin Gu Yoon, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020197","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the 2023-2024 season, the influenza epidemic in South Korea peaked earlier, and the influenza vaccination rate among individuals aged ≥ 65 was high (82.2%). However, data on real-world vaccine effectiveness against influenza are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From November 2023 to April 2024, we conducted a multicenter retrospective case-control study on adult patients aged ≥ 18 years who presented with influenza-like illness at seven medical centers as a part of a hospital-based influenza morbidity and mortality surveillance (HIMM) program in South Korea. Demographic and clinical data were collected from questionnaire surveys and electronic medical records. Using a test-negative design, we assessed the effectiveness of the 2023-2024 seasonal influenza vaccine, with age, sex, and comorbidities included as covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3390 participants were enrolled through the HIMM system, including 1695 patients with either rapid antigen test (RAT) or real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive results and controls matched for age, sex, and months of registration. Among the 1696 influenza-positive patients, 1584 (93.5%) underwent RAT, with 88.9% testing positive for influenza A and 11.1% for influenza B. During the study periods, the overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 24.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.5 to 35.2). The VE was insignificant when limited to older adults aged ≥ 65 years (13.5%; 95% CI, -17.9 to 36.6). In the subgroup analysis by subtype, the VE was 19.0% (95% CI, 5.0 to 31.0) for influenza A and 56.3% (95% CI, 35.3 to 70.6) for influenza B. Notably, influenza VE was 20.4% (95% CI, 2.9 to 34.8) in the early period (November to December) but decreased to 12.4% (95% CI, -14.9 to 33.2) in the late period (January to April).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the 2023-2024 season, the influenza vaccine showed a modest effectiveness (24.3%) against laboratory-confirmed influenza, which was particularly higher for influenza B. Because the VE was insignificant in older adults, particularly during the late period, better immunogenic influenza vaccines with longer-lasting protection should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and Age-Based Differences in Immune Responses to a Peptide Vaccine for Melanoma in Two Clinical Trials.","authors":"Serena M Vilasi, Craig L Slingluff","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020194","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Little is known about the impact of patient age and biological sex on immune responses to melanoma vaccines, especially CD4⁺ T cell immune responses to peptides presented by Class II MHC molecules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the impact of age and sex on CD4+ T cell and antibody responses to a mixture of six melanoma helper peptides (6MHP) and on CD8+ T cell responses when vaccinating with 12 class I MHC-restricted melanoma peptides (12MP) plus either 6MHP or a tetanus helper T cell peptide (Tet). We hypothesized that immune responses would be greater in men and in younger patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found differences in immune response by sex, but they favored female patients and were only evident for helper T cell responses to Tet with a weak trend to higher T cell responses to 12MP in female patients vaccinated with 12MP + Tet. The age-based differences favored younger patients but only for immune response to 12MP when inoculated with 12MP + Tet.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings reinforce the importance of assessing sex- and age-based differences in immune responses to cancer vaccines and other immune therapies. There is also a need to understand the reasons for such differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innate Sensing of Viral Nucleic Acids and Their Use in Antiviral Vaccine Development.","authors":"Takuji Enya, Susan R Ross","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020193","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viruses pose a significant threat to humans by causing numerous infectious and potentially fatal diseases. Understanding how the host's innate immune system recognizes viruses is essential to understanding pathogenesis and ways to control viral infection. Innate immunity also plays a critical role in shaping adaptive immune responses induced by vaccines. Recently developed adjuvants often include nucleic acids that stimulate pattern recognition receptors which are essential components of innate immunity necessary for activating antigen-presentation cells and thereby bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, understanding viral nucleic acid sensing by cytosolic sensors is essential, as it provides the potential means for developing new vaccine strategies, including effective adjuvants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Farming for Immunization: Current Advances and Future Prospects in Plant-Produced Vaccines.","authors":"Dang-Khoa Vo, Kieu The Loan Trinh","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020191","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using plants as bioreactors, molecular farming has emerged as a versatile and sustainable platform for producing recombinant vaccines, therapeutic proteins, industrial enzymes, and nutraceuticals. This innovative approach leverages the unique advantages of plants, including scalability, cost-effectiveness, and reduced risk of contamination with human pathogens. Recent advancements in gene editing, transient expression systems, and nanoparticle-based delivery technologies have significantly enhanced the efficiency and versatility of plant-based systems. Particularly in vaccine development, molecular farming has demonstrated its potential with notable successes such as Medicago's Covifenz for COVID-19, illustrating the capacity of plant-based platforms to address global health emergencies rapidly. Furthermore, edible vaccines have opened new avenues in the delivery of vaccines, mainly in settings with low resources where the cold chain used for conventional logistics is a challenge. However, optimization of protein yield and stability, the complexity of purification processes, and regulatory hurdles are some of the challenges that still remain. This review discusses the current status of vaccine development using plant-based expression systems, operational mechanisms for plant expression platforms, major applications in the prevention of infectious diseases, and new developments, such as nanoparticle-mediated delivery and cancer vaccines. The discussion will also touch on ethical considerations, the regulatory framework, and future trends with respect to the transformative capacity of plant-derived vaccines in ensuring greater global accessibility and cost-effectiveness of the vaccination. This field holds great promise for the infectious disease area and, indeed, for applications in personalized medicine and biopharmaceuticals in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Protection in Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) to Pancreas Disease (PD) Can Be Achieved Through Immunization with Genetically Modified, Live Attenuated Salmonid Alphavirus 3.","authors":"Stine Braaen, Øystein Wessel, Håvard Bjørgen, Espen Rimstad","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020190","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Pancreas disease (PD) is a serious disease in European salmonid aquaculture caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV), of which six genotypes (SAV1-6) have been described. The use of inactivated virus and DNA PD vaccines is common in marine salmonid aquaculture and has contributed to a reduction of the occurrence of disease; however, outbreaks are still frequent. <b>Methods</b><i>:</i> In this study, we compared the long-term protection after immunization of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) with three different clones of attenuated infectious SAV3. The clones were made by site-directed mutagenesis targeting the glycoprotein E2 to disrupt the viral attachment and/or nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the capsid protein to disrupt the viral suppression of cellular nuclear-cytosol trafficking. The resulting clones (Clones 1-3) were evaluated after injection of Atlantic salmon for infection dynamics, genetic stability, transmission, and protection against a subsequent SAV3 challenge. <b>Results</b>: Attenuated clones demonstrated reduced virulence, as indicated by lower viral RNA loads, diminished transmission to cohabitant fish, and minimal clinical symptoms compared to the virulent wild-type virus. The clones mutated in both capsid and E2 exhibited the most attenuation, observed as rapid clearing of the infection and showing little transmission, while the clone with glycoprotein E2 mutations displayed greater residual virulence but provided stronger protection, seen as reduced viral loads upon subsequent challenge with SAV3. Despite their attenuation, all viral clones caused significant reductions in weight gain. <b>Conclusions</b><i>:</i> Despite promising attenuation and protection, this study highlights the trade-offs between virulence and immunogenicity in live vaccine design. Concerns over environmental risks, such as the shedding of genetically modified virus, necessitate further evaluation. Future efforts should optimize vaccine candidates to balance attenuation, immunogenicity, and minimal side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the Pneumococcal Vaccines PPSV23 or PCV15 Co-Administered with a Booster Dose of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Adults ≥50 Years of Age.","authors":"Tosin Omole, Enrique Pelayo, Aaron S Weinberg, Spyros Chalkias, Zelalem Endale, Gretchen Tamms, Tina M Sterling, Lori Good, Tulin Shekar, Morgan Johnson, Natalie Banniettis, Ulrike K Buchwald, Alejandra Esteves-Jaramillo","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020192","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> with, or following, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been associated with increased mortality, particularly in older adults. However, vaccination can be an effective preventative measure. This Phase 3 study (NCT05158140) assessed the immunogenicity and safety of co-administering the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine mRNA-1273 with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) or the 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were healthy adults ≥50 years of age who had previously received a two-dose primary series of mRNA-1273 ≥5 months before the first study visit and may have received a booster dose of mRNA-1273 ≥4 months prior to the first study visit. Participants were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive mRNA-1273 concomitantly with PPSV23 or PCV15 on Day 1 followed by placebo on Day 30, or sequentially with mRNA-1273 and placebo on Day 1 and PPSV23 or PCV15 on Day 30. The primary study endpoints were pneumococcal-serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) and SARS-CoV-2-specific binding antibody GMTs at 30 days after vaccination, as well as safety and tolerability following vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 850 adults participated in the study. Serotype-specific OPA GMTs at 30 days post-vaccination with PPSV23 or PCV15 were generally comparable between the concomitant and sequential groups. SARS-CoV-2-specific GMTs increased in all groups from pre-vaccination to 30 days post-vaccination with mRNA-1273, with a consistent response between concomitant and sequential groups. Safety profiles were comparable across study groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Co-administration of mRNA-1273 with PPSV23 or PCV15 in healthy adults ≥50 years of age was immunogenic and well tolerated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Patel et al. Development and Characterization of an In Vitro Cell-Based Assay to Predict Potency of mRNA-LNP-Based Vaccines. <i>Vaccines</i> 2023, <i>11</i>, 1224.","authors":"Nisarg Patel, Zach Davis, Carl Hofmann, Josef Vlasak, John W Loughney, Pete DePhillips, Malini Mukherjee","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020186","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Introducing Nuvaxovid to COVID-19 Vaccination in the United Kingdom: A Dynamic Transmission Model.","authors":"Clive Pritchard, Lucie Kutikova, Richard Pitman, Kira Zhi Hua Lai, Hadi Beyhaghi, IIana Gibbons, Amanda Erbe, Marija Živković-Gojović, Catherine Cosgrove, Mark Sculpher, David Salisbury","doi":"10.3390/vaccines13020187","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vaccines13020187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 remains a key measure to control COVID-19. Nuvaxovid, a recombinant Matrix-M-adjuvanted protein-based vaccine, showed similar efficacy to mRNA vaccines in clinical trials and real-world studies, with lower rates of reactogenicity. <b>Methods:</b> To support decision making on UK vaccine selection, a population-based compartmental dynamic transmission model with a cost-utility component was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Nuvaxovid compared with mRNA vaccines from a UK National Health Service perspective. The model was calibrated to official epidemiology statistics for mortality, incidence, and hospitalisation. Scenario and sensitivity analyses were conducted. <b>Results:</b> In the probabilistic base case, a Nuvaxovid-only strategy provided total incremental cost savings of GBP 1,338,323 and 1558 additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with an mRNA-only vaccination strategy. Cost savings were driven by reduced cold chain-related operational costs and vaccine wastage, while QALY gains were driven by potential differences in vaccine tolerability. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated an approximately 70% probability of cost-effectiveness with Nuvaxovid-only versus mRNA-only vaccination across most cost-effectiveness thresholds (up to GBP 300,000/QALY gained). <b>Conclusions:</b> Nuvaxovid remained dominant over mRNA vaccines in scenario analyses assessing vaccine efficacy waning, Nuvaxovid market shares, and the vaccinated population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23634,"journal":{"name":"Vaccines","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}