Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology最新文献_第4页

Development of the brainstem respiratory circuit 脑干呼吸回路的发展

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-12-09 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.366

Meike E. van der Heijden, H. Zoghbi

{"title":"Development of the brainstem respiratory circuit","authors":"Meike E. van der Heijden, H. Zoghbi","doi":"10.1002/wdev.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.366","url":null,"abstract":"The respiratory circuit is comprised of over a dozen functionally and anatomically segregated brainstem nuclei that work together to control respiratory rhythms. These respiratory rhythms emerge prenatally but only acquire vital importance at birth, which is the first time the respiratory circuit faces the sole responsibility for O2/CO2 homeostasis. Hence, the respiratory circuit has little room for trial‐and‐error‐dependent fine tuning and relies on a detailed genetic blueprint for development. This blueprint is provided by transcription factors that have specific spatiotemporal expression patterns along the rostral‐caudal or dorsal‐ventral axis of the developing brainstem, in proliferating precursor cells and postmitotic neurons. Studying these transcription factors in mice has provided key insights into the functional segregation of respiratory control and the vital importance of specific respiratory nuclei. Many studies converge on just two respiratory nuclei that each have rhythmogenic properties during the prenatal period: the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) and retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial nucleus (RTN/pF). Here, we discuss the transcriptional regulation that guides the development of these nuclei. We also summarize evidence showing that normal preBötC development is necessary for neonatal survival, and that neither the preBötC nor the RTN/pF alone is sufficient to sustain normal postnatal respiratory rhythms. Last, we highlight several studies that use intersectional genetics to assess the necessity of transcription factors only in subregions of their expression domain. These studies independently demonstrate that lack of RTN/pF neurons weakens the respiratory circuit, yet these neurons are not necessary for neonatal survival because developmentally related populations can compensate for abnormal RTN/pF function at birth.","PeriodicalId":23630,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wdev.366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46938141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Stem cells in skeletal muscle growth and regeneration in amniotes and teleosts: Emerging themes 干细胞在羊膜动物和硬骨鱼骨骼肌生长和再生中的作用：新兴主题

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.365

A. Ruparelia, Dhanushika Ratnayake, P. Currie

引用次数: 6

A critical look: Challenges in differentiating human pluripotent stem cells into desired cell types and organoids 批判性观察：将人类多能干细胞分化为所需细胞类型和类器官的挑战

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.368

J. Fowler, L. Ang, K. Loh

{"title":"A critical look: Challenges in differentiating human pluripotent stem cells into desired cell types and organoids","authors":"J. Fowler, L. Ang, K. Loh","doi":"10.1002/wdev.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.368","url":null,"abstract":"Too many choices can be problematic. This is certainly the case for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs): they harbor the potential to differentiate into hundreds of cell types; yet it is highly challenging to exclusively differentiate hPSCs into a single desired cell type. This review focuses on unresolved and fundamental questions regarding hPSC differentiation and critiquing the identity and purity of the resultant cell populations. These are timely issues in view of the fact that hPSC‐derived cell populations have or are being transplanted into patients in over 30 ongoing clinical trials. While many in vitro differentiation protocols purport to “mimic development,” the exact number and identity of intermediate steps that a pluripotent cell takes to differentiate into a given cell type in vivo remains largely unknown. Consequently, most differentiation efforts inevitably generate a heterogeneous cellular population, as revealed by single‐cell RNA‐sequencing and other analyses. The presence of unwanted cell types in differentiated hPSC populations does not portend well for transplantation therapies. This provides an impetus to precisely control differentiation to desired ends—for instance, by logically blocking the formation of unwanted cell types or by overexpressing lineage‐specifying transcription factors—or by harnessing technologies to selectively purify desired cell types. Conversely, approaches to differentiate three‐dimensional “organoids” from hPSCs intentionally generate heterogeneous cell populations. While this is intended to mimic the rich cellular diversity of developing tissues, whether all such organoids are spatially organized in a manner akin to native organs (and thus, whether they fully qualify as organoids) remains to be fully resolved.","PeriodicalId":23630,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wdev.368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44610167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Recent advancements in understanding fin regeneration in zebrafish 了解斑马鱼鳍再生的最新进展

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.367

I. Sehring, G. Weidinger

引用次数: 61

Drug screening in Drosophila; why, when, and when not? 果蝇药物筛选;为什么，什么时候，什么时候不是?

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 Epub Date: 2019-05-05 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.346

Tin Tin Su

引用次数: 26

Reflections on the use of protein binders to study protein function in developmental biology. 利用蛋白质结合物研究发育生物学中蛋白质功能的思考。

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 Epub Date: 2019-07-02 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.356

Gustavo Aguilar, M Alessandra Vigano, Markus Affolter, Shinya Matsuda

{"title":"Reflections on the use of protein binders to study protein function in developmental biology.","authors":"Gustavo Aguilar, M Alessandra Vigano, Markus Affolter, Shinya Matsuda","doi":"10.1002/wdev.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.356","url":null,"abstract":"Studies in the field of developmental biology aim to unravel how a fertilized egg develops into an adult organism and how proteins and other macromolecules work together during this process. With regard to protein function, most of the developmental studies have used genetic and RNA interference approaches, combined with biochemical analyses, to reach this goal. However, there always remains much room for interpretation on how a given protein functions, because proteins work together with many other molecules in complex regulatory networks and it is not easy to reveal the function of one given protein without affecting the networks. Likewise, it has remained difficult to experimentally challenge and/or validate the proposed concepts derived from mutant analyses without tools that directly manipulate protein function in a predictable manner. Recently, synthetic tools based on protein binders such as scFvs, nanobodies, DARPins, and others have been applied in developmental biology to directly manipulate target proteins in a predicted manner. Although such tools would have a great impact in filling the gap of knowledge between mutant phenotypes and protein functions, careful investigations are required when applying functionalized protein binders to fundamental questions in developmental biology. In this review, we first summarize how protein binders have been used in the field, and then reflect on possible guidelines for applying such tools to study protein functions in developmental biology. This article is categorized under: Technologies > Analysis of Proteins Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Gradients Invertebrate Organogenesis > Flies.","PeriodicalId":23630,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology","volume":"8 6","pages":"e356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wdev.356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37384082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Methods for the study of innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster. 黑腹果蝇先天免疫的研究方法。

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-09-01 Epub Date: 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.344

Katia Troha, Nicolas Buchon

{"title":"Methods for the study of innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Katia Troha, Nicolas Buchon","doi":"10.1002/wdev.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.344","url":null,"abstract":"From flies to humans, many components of the innate immune system have been conserved during metazoan evolution. This foundational observation has allowed us to develop Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, into a powerful model to study innate immunity in animals. Thanks to an ever-growing arsenal of genetic tools, an easily manipulated genome, and its winning disposition, Drosophila is now employed to study not only basic molecular mechanisms of pathogen recognition and immune signaling, but also the nature of physiological responses activated in the host by microbial challenge and how dysregulation of these processes contributes to disease. Here, we present a collection of methods and protocols to challenge the fly with an assortment of microbes, both systemically and orally, and assess its humoral, cellular, and epithelial response to infection. Our review covers techniques for measuring the reaction to microbial infection both qualitatively and quantitatively. Specifically, we describe survival, bacterial load, BLUD (a measure of disease tolerance), phagocytosis, melanization, clotting, and ROS production assays, as well as efficient protocols to collect hemolymph and measure immune gene expression. We also offer an updated catalog of online resources and a collection of popular reporter lines and mutants to facilitate research efforts. This article is categorized under: Technologies > Analysis of Cell, Tissue, and Animal Phenotypes.","PeriodicalId":23630,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology","volume":"8 5","pages":"e344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wdev.344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37158792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

The amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis: An emerging comparative model of arthropod development, evolution, and regeneration. 片足类甲壳纲夏威夷Parhyale:节肢动物发展、进化和再生的新兴比较模型。

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-09-01 Epub Date: 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.355

Dennis A Sun, Nipam H Patel

{"title":"The amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis: An emerging comparative model of arthropod development, evolution, and regeneration.","authors":"Dennis A Sun, Nipam H Patel","doi":"10.1002/wdev.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.355","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in genetic manipulation and genome sequencing have paved the way for a new generation of research organisms. The amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis is one such system. Parhyale are easy to rear and offer large broods of embryos amenable to injection, dissection, and live imaging. Foundational work has described Parhyale embryonic development, while advancements in genetic manipulation using CRISPR-Cas9 and other techniques, combined with genome and transcriptome sequencing, have enabled its use in studies of arthropod development, evolution, and regeneration. This study introduces Parhyale development and life history, a catalog of techniques and resources for Parhyale research, and two case studies illustrating its power as a comparative research system. This article is categorized under: Comparative Development and Evolution > Evolutionary Novelties Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems Comparative Development and Evolution > Body Plan Evolution.","PeriodicalId":23630,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology","volume":"8 5","pages":"e355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wdev.355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37322403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Development of the thalamus: From early patterning to regulation of cortical functions. 丘脑的发育:从早期模式到皮质功能的调节。

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-09-01 Epub Date: 2019-04-29 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.345

Yasushi Nakagawa

{"title":"Development of the thalamus: From early patterning to regulation of cortical functions.","authors":"Yasushi Nakagawa","doi":"10.1002/wdev.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.345","url":null,"abstract":"The thalamus is a brain structure of the vertebrate diencephalon that plays a central role in regulating diverse functions of the cerebral cortex. In traditional view of vertebrate neuroanatomy, the thalamus includes three regions, dorsal thalamus, ventral thalamus, and epithalamus. Recent molecular embryological studies have redefined the thalamus and the associated axial nomenclature of the diencephalon in the context of forebrain patterning. This new view has provided a useful conceptual framework for studies on molecular mechanisms of patterning, neurogenesis and fate specification in the thalamus as well as the guidance mechanisms for thalamocortical axons. Additionally, the availability of genetic tools in mice has led to important findings on how thalamic development is linked to the development of other brain regions, particularly the cerebral cortex. This article will give an overview of the organization of the embryonic thalamus and how progenitor cells in the thalamus generate neurons that are organized into discrete nuclei. I will then discuss how thalamic development is orchestrated with the development of the cerebral cortex and other brain regions. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles.","PeriodicalId":23630,"journal":{"name":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology","volume":"8 5","pages":"e345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/wdev.345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37192189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Regulation of insulin and adipokinetic hormone/glucagon production in flies 果蝇胰岛素和脂肪动力学激素/胰高血糖素产生的调控

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.360

Muhammad Ahmad, Li He, N. Perrimon

引用次数: 40