Water Environment Research最新文献

{"title":"The Influence of SDM on the Performance of the EGSB-Two-Stage A/O Biofilm Process for Pig Wastewater Treatment and Mechanism Investigation.","authors":"Xiaojing Zhao, Guilin He, Baozhen Liu, Jie Liu, Yonglei Wang, Yanzhen Han, Ruibao Jia","doi":"10.1002/wer.70127","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the treatment of pig wastewater containing high levels of organic matter, this study investigated the impact of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) on the performance and underlying mechanisms of an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) combined with a two-stage anoxic/oxic (A/O) biofilm process. The reactor demonstrated robust organic loading tolerance (up to 12,195 mg/L COD) while maintaining stable treatment performance, achieving > 95% COD removal efficiency and 70%-80% ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) elimination. Systematic analysis of sludge microstructure and microbial consortia was conducted through integrated techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-throughput sequencing. The introduction of SDM induced significant restructuring of microbial architecture and population dynamics, with Proteobacteria (21.73%-89.74%), Firmicutes (5.54%-33.53%), Chloroflexi (1.22%-23.07%), Bacteroidetes (2.48%-12.23%), and Synergistetes (15.64%-26.86%) emerging as dominant phyla. Notably, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes demonstrated superior resistance under the reaction process. Concurrently, microbial analysis revealed a significant enrichment of nitrogen-phosphorus-removing genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas during the reaction process, establishing that these bacterial taxa play a central role in the biodegradation of organic pollutants. Therefore, the microorganisms exhibited adaptability to high-load antibiotic-containing environments, substantiating the hybrid reactor's potential for livestock and poultry breeding wastewater treatment. SUMMARY: The presence of antibiotics reduces the removal of conventional pollutants by the combined process. Antibiotics cause changes in microbial population structure. EGSB-two-stage A/O combination process can effectively treat high organic load wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Biogas Digester Materials: A Review of Strength, Durability, and Suitability.","authors":"Ankur Srivastava, Pradeep Kumar Meena, Prashant Mahadev Patane, Dinesh Meena, Sagar Shelare, Chandrika S Wagle","doi":"10.1002/wer.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explores the materials used to construct biogas digesters, essential for sustainable energy production. The study investigates various materials, such as thermoplastics like polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), as well as traditional construction elements like masonry, stone, and concrete. It considers metals such as steel and composite materials, which all contribute to the efficacy and strength of biogas digesters. This review's primary goal is to compare these materials' properties, evaluate their structural and functional roles, and determine their suitability for various digester designs. Through a qualitative analysis of existing research, this study highlights innovative ways to integrate multiple materials to enhance biogas technology. Additionally, it looks at the efficiency of ferrous alloys, thermoplastics (PVC, PE, HDPE), cement, and stone digesters-all used to store gas. According to the findings, cement-based materials are the most common choice for small-scale home digesters because of their lifespan and resilience. On the other hand, the selection of materials for commercial or large-scale biogas facilities is contingent upon environmental factors and material attributes, such as thermal, electrical, and physical qualities. However, because plastic digesters are flexible, reusable, and chemical resistant, they are becoming a good substitute in areas where shipping and material availability are problems. SUMMARY: This review's primary goal is to compare thermoplastics, traditional materials, metals, and composites for biogas digester durability and structural efficiency. Cement-based materials dominate small-scale domestic digesters due to resilience, longevity, and cost-effectiveness. Large-scale facilities prioritize material properties (thermal, electrical) and environmental factors for optimal design. Plastic digesters emerge as portable, chemical-resistant solutions in resource-limited regions with logistical challenges. Innovative material integration enhances biogas technology, balancing functionality and sustainability through qualitative research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced phosphate removal using hydrated lanthanum and aluminum oxides co-modified quaternized polyaniline nanocomposite: Performance and mechanism.","authors":"Haixia Wu, Enhui Ji, Biming Liu, Junze Wang, Minglong Fang","doi":"10.1002/wer.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through precursor impregnation diffusion and in-situ co-precipitation methods, a quaternized polyaniline-based composite material (HLAO-PN) was synthesized using quaternized polyaniline (PN) as a carrier, hydrated lanthanum oxide LaOOH, and hydrated alumina AlOOH. The adsorption efficiency and mechanism of phosphate removal by HLAO-PN were systematically studied. Characterization results from SEM, XPS, and FT-IR revealed that HLAO-PN exhibited an aggregated granular structure, with La and Al uniformly distributed on the PN carrier. The main mechanisms of phosphate adsorption by HLAO-PN include electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and ligand exchange. HLAO-PN demonstrated stable and effective phosphate adsorption capacity across a pH range of 2.0-7.0, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 101.6 mg/g at 308 K. Furthermore, it showed strong anti-interference capabilities in the presence of various coexisting substances. The dynamic adsorption experiments in a fixed-bed system indicated that the effective treatment capacities of HLAO-PN for phosphate during the first and second cycles were 2800 and 2650 bed volumes (BV), respectively (from 10.0 mg P/L to below 0.5 mg P/L). Moreover, the exhausted HLAO-PN could be efficiently regenerated in situ by binary NaOH/NaCl solution. After five adsorption-regeneration cycles, the adsorption capacity of HLAO-PN for phosphate was 70.64% of its initial adsorption capacity (93.87 mg/g). This study presents a novel chemical agent for enhancing phosphorus removal from wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Composite material (HLAO-PN) was synthesized for phosphate adsorption using quaternized polyaniline, LaOOH, and AlOOH. The adsorption capacity of HLAO-PN reaches 101.60 mg/g at 308 K. The main adsorption mechanisms of phosphate by HLAO-PN are electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and ligand exchange. The fixed bed dynamic adsorption of phosphate by HLAO-PN was investigated which provides a reference for actual wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal pollution in northwestern Himalayan groundwater: comprehensive assessment using multiple pollution indices and Monte Carlo simulation for health risk.","authors":"Uzma Imtiyaz, Mushtaq Ahmad Rather","doi":"10.1002/wer.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ecosystem and human health are seriously at risk from contamination of heavy metals in water. A variety of pollution indices are used in this study to analyze the presence of heavy metal contamination in groundwater and used Monte Carlo simulation to quantify the health hazards associated with it. In two seasons the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater samples were taken in triplicate from 25 sites in South Kashmir, which is situated in the southern portion of the northwest Himalayas. The research area had higher than average quantities of heavy metals, according to the results. The cold climate probably had no seasonal influence on groundwater quality, but concentrations were generally greater in pre-monsoon than in the post-monsoon. To evaluate contamination, the study employed the following pollution indices: NPI (80%), HEI (76%), MI (80%), CoD (76%), and HPI (0%). There were found to be strong correlations between these indices, with R² values of 0.96, 0.94, 0.96, and 0.95 between HEI and HPI, HEI and MI, HEI and Cd, and HEI and NPI, among other high correlations. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation for many exposure pathways showed that youngsters had a greater 95th percentile of carcinogenic risk than adults. The heavy metals were graded according to their non-carcinogenic risk using the Hazard Index (HI) as follows: Pb > Ni > Mn > Cd > Cu > Fe > Zn. For adults, the non-carcinogenic risk was shown to be 4.92E-01, while for children, it was 1.41E+01. Human health risk evaluations also showed that youngsters had a greater overall cancer risk (OCR) (1.61E-01) than adults (4.74E-03). PRACTITIONER POINTS: Groundwater Quality Monitoring: The study highlights the critical need for regular groundwater quality monitoring, particularly in areas prone to heavy metal contamination, like South Kashmir. This is essential for the early detection of hazardous metal levels and the mitigation of public health risks. Use of Pollution Indices: Pollution indices such as NPI, HEI, MI, and CoD can be effective tools for assessing and quantifying heavy metal contamination in water sources, providing a comprehensive understanding of the contamination levels. Health Risk Assessment: Monte Carlo simulations for human health risk assessments underscore the importance of prioritizing children's health, as they are at greater risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects from heavy metal exposure. Seasonal Impact on Contamination: While seasonal variations in groundwater quality were not significant due to the cold climate, higher contamination levels were detected during the pre-monsoon period. This indicates the need for heightened monitoring before monsoon seasons in similar climatic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and metabolic responses of Limnoperna fortunei to KMnO₄ and NaClO exposure.","authors":"Qian-Bin Wang, Jian-Hua Zhou, Rui-Jian Zhang, Ye-Qin Xu, Yong Hu, Hao-Tao Dong, Zhi-Li Du, Ying-Shi Liu, Chong Lin, Zong-Jia Zhang","doi":"10.1002/wer.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofouling of Limnoperna fortunei causes increment on water conveyance energy and deteriorates concrete during freshwater transportation process. Apart from application of chemical oxidants such as KMnO₄ and NaClO, few other strategies can control L. fortunei. However, the cellular and metabolic responses of L. fortunei during KMnO₄ and NaClO exposure are still not fully understood. This work aimed to illustrate the physiological and metabolic status of L. fortunei exposed to KMnO₄ and NaClO at concentration of 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg l^-1. The mortality rate, amount of acid and neutral mucous secretions, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined after KMnO₄ and NaClO exposure. The activities of biotransformation and detoxification enzymes, including as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholinesterase, increased in response to NaClO exposure as an adaptive response. In comparison, KMnO₄ exposure showed severer lethal effect, especially at concentrations higher than 4 mg l^-1. The increment of lipid peroxides followed the raise of KMnO₄ concentrations, indicating the toxic effect from KMnO₄. The results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic revealed that KMnO₄ mainly affected the purine and energy metabolism pathway and disrupted osmoregulatory processes, whereas NaClO mainly affected amino acid metabolism. These findings provided insight on controlling the biofouling of L. fortunei. PRACTITIONER POINTS: KMnO₄ was effective to inactivate L. fortunei rather than NaClO. Antioxidant system of L. fortunei was valid to counteract the oxidative stress from NaClO exposure, while paralyzation during KMnO₄ exposure. Amino acid metabolism was involved in polishing immune responses and detoxification during NaClO exposure. Disordered purine and energy metabolism pathway and disrupted osmoregulatory processes were induced by KMnO₄. Mitigating L. fortunei biofouling reduces raw water energy demands and concrete degradation risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of anaerobic co-digestion of waste-activated sludge and agriculture waste by hybrid process of thermo-alkaline hydrolysis and hydrodynamic cavitation.","authors":"Rabab M Wagdy, Ahmed M Aboulfotoh, Khaled W Soliman","doi":"10.1002/wer.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improving sludge solubilization and biogas generation through thermal, alkaline, and hydrodynamic pre-treatment methods is considered one of the most important research points in the anaerobic digester field. Results revealed that the hybrid method is better than other methods as it achieved 0.64 (CODs/energy consumed) ratio and the gas production rate ranged between (23.34 L/kg COD.d) at RT 30 days. While thermo-alkaline mixed with AW (1: 1 by mass) is very effective in the digesters by reusing agricultural waste into useful biogas, reached at RT 30-day high gas rates (11.55 L/kg COD.d) and cumulative gas volume about (0.43 L/g of COD added), even though CO₂ emissions initially limited the production. Compared to traditional digesters, pretreatment methods significantly decreased CO₂ emissions early on. Additionally, heating agricultural waste with sludge above 100°C facilitated a reduction in sludge volume, as cellulose components in agricultural residues, particularly from sugarcane, absorb water from the sludge-this factor is crucial for minimizing the capital costs of drying beds. Overall, alkaline pretreatment improved biodegradability overall and shortened digester retention times. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Hybrid method the best method 0.64 CODs/energy consumed ratio is achieved, 98% CODs' removal percent, Thermo-alkaline with AW is very effective, gas rates 0.46 Lit/day, cumulative volume 30 Lit at 30-day Thermo-alkaline with AW is an essential cheap solution for solid waste management, reducing air pollution impacts from firming the AW Pretreatment helps lowering the (CO₂ gases) released in the first 10 days compared to conventional AD units without pretreatment, Heating AW with the sludge higher than 100°C leads to adsorb the water content in the mixture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sludge removal frequency influences heavy metal accumulation, water quality, and growth in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) biofloc systems.","authors":"Syed Sikandar Habib, Madeeha Arshad, Saima Majeed, Mujeeb Ullah, Javed Ahmed Ujan, Saira Naz, Mohamed Mohany","doi":"10.1002/wer.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metals (HMs) are one of the emerging micropollutants, which have been found a significant toxicant to the fish fauna; therefore, the current study aimed to examine HMs including Cd, Cr, Pb, and Cu concentrations in sludge and their accumulation in Oreochromis niloticus tissues along with growth and water quality in Biofloc Technology (BFT). Tilapia, initially weighing 0.40 ± 0.15 g, were divided into three groups (G1, G2, and G3) with three replicates each. Sludge was removed weekly for G1, biweekly for G2, and monthly for G3 over 90 days. Water quality parameters were monitored daily, and (HMs)in sludge and fish tissues were analyzed. One-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was used to compare the results among groups. Results showed that sludge removal frequency significantly (p < 0.05) affected water quality. G3 had higher ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite levels, and a slightly acidic pH. G1 had higher dissolved oxygen (6.72 mg/l) compared to G3 (5.32 mg/l) and better growth performance with a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.44 versus 1.67 for G3. The HM analysis showed that G3 had higher metal concentrations in both fish tissues and sludge, with a strong correlation between metal levels in sludge and fish tissues. The health index (HI) values confirmed that fish from all groups were safe for human consumption. The study concludes that regular sludge management is crucial for optimizing BFT production and safety; therefore, G1 has optimum growth and water quality with less HM accumulation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Study examines Cd, Cr, Pb, and Cu accumulation in Nile tilapia tissues and sludge under varying sludge removal frequencies. Weekly sludge removal improves water quality, dissolved oxygen, and fish growth, with better FCR. Monthly sludge removal shows higher ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, acidic pH, and metal concentrations in sludge and fish tissues. Strong correlation found between sludge metal levels and fish tissue accumulation. Findings emphasize regular sludge management for enhanced BFT production, safety, and reduced heavy metal bioaccumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storm events influence the transport of macroplastics in urban streams.","authors":"Bailey A Schwenk, Elizabeth M Kazmierczak, Fritz Petersen, Jacob Haney, Xia Zhu, Shan Zuidema, Emily K Lever, Richard B Lammers, Wilfred M Wollheim, Chelsea M Rochman, Timothy J Hoellein","doi":"10.1002/wer.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastic litter is a globally pervasive pollutant. Storms are likely key drivers of plastic transport to oceans, but plastic transport during rising and falling limbs of storm hydrographs is rarely measured. Measurements of plastic movement throughout individual storms will improve watershed models of plastic dynamics. We used cameras to quantify macroplastic movement (i.e., particles > 5 mm) in rivers before, during, and after individual storms (N = 18) at 10 sites within three North American watersheds. Most storms showed no difference in macroplastic transport between rising and falling hydrograph limbs or evidence of hysteresis (transport rate range = 0-236 items/30 min). Total macroplastic exported during storm events was positively related to storm magnitude and was greatest at more urban sites. Thus, macroplastic transport during storms was driven by storm size and land use. The quantitative relationships between macroplastic movement and hydrology will improve discharge-weighted calculations of macroplastic transport which can benefit modeling, monitoring, and mitigation efforts. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Macroplastic particles (i.e, > 5 mm) are both retained in urban streams (e.g., in debris dams), and move downstream during baseflow and stormflow conditions Storm flows are key periods of macroplastic transport: transport rates are higher on both rising and falling limbs of storm hydrographs relative to baseflow. The amount of macroplastics moving during storm flows is positively related to storm intensity. The predictive relationships generated between storm flow and macroplastic transport will improve estimates of annual export, and policies for macroplastic pollution reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Dewatering Performance Evaluation of CPAD Sludge Conditioner: From Small Scale to Pilot Scale.","authors":"Yongjun Sun, Yuhan Ji, Rui Wang, Kun Wu, Wenquan Sun","doi":"10.1002/wer.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop a novel sludge conditioner (CPAD) based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CTS) to address the low efficiency of municipal sludge dewatering. CPAD was prepared by grafting acrylamide (AM) and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DADMAC) onto CTS, resulting in a honeycomb-like porous structure, and its flocculation and dewatering performance were validated through laboratory and pilot-scale tests. The novelty of CPAD lies in its combination of the environmental friendliness of natural polymers and the high efficiency of synthetic polymers, significantly reducing the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and moisture content of sludge. Experimental results showed that at a pH of 6 and a CPAD dosage of 3 kg/t dry sludge (DS), the SRF of the sludge decreased by 90.15%, and the moisture content decreased by 11.85%. Under pilot-scale conditions, with a filtration pressure of 1.2 MPa and a filtration time of 90 min, CPAD reduced the sludge moisture content to 59.3%. Additionally, CPAD effectively neutralized the sludge's electronegativity, reduced electrostatic repulsion between particles, promoted sludge particle bridging and aggregation, and lowered the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) of the filtrate as well as the sludge viscosity. This study provides new insights and technical support for developing low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly sludge conditioners. SUMMARY: CPAD promotes sludge particle aggregation and reduces sludge viscosity. The mud cake produced by CPAD were environmentally friendly. Sludge conditioner CPAD is nontoxic and harmless and does not cause secondary pollution. CPAD can effectively reduce the moisture content of sludge cake.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good Ethical and Laboratory Practices for Wastewater Surveillance.","authors":"Rachel Hamant, Yuzhu Mao, Chunfu Liu, Alba Torrents, Birthe Kjellerup","doi":"10.1002/wer.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater Surveillance (WBS) is an approach for disease surveillance involving the screening of wastewater for RNA/DNA originating from infectious agents. In recent years, WBS has expanded to include analytes from pharmaceuticals (such as SSRI) or illicit drugs, referred to as \"High-risk Substances\" (HRS). The University of Maryland enacted in partnership with a local county public health department and water utility, a surveillance program to assess wastewater twice weekly for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral targets. WBS can provide rapid data showing where the location of clustered outbreaks may be occurring (specifically. The county public health department also requested that screening of high-risk substances (fentanyl, ketamine, Narcan, heroine, etc.) to be included in WBS, thus expanding the purview of the initial surveillance project focusing solely biological agents. A concern for any surveillance program is adhering to ethical standards, regulations, and protocols. In WBS, there is no single standardized \"list of rules\" to guide researchers in determining risk of privacy or community stigmatization. In an effort to counter the variation in WBS as it pertains to ethical standards, we propose utilizing an ethical scoring framework tailored for WBS. This framework includes a scoresheet that can assist scientists determine the privacy and ethical risks associated with their study by introducing a quantifiable process to assess ethical compliance. Furthermore, we include a flow map outlining standard laboratory practices under the lens of how each step assists in maintaining sample fidelity, thus increasing the robustness and reliability of the data generated. SUMMARY: It is important to balance ethical standards, public health and research strategies. Application of the tools listed in this document will ensure this balance. Application of the developed ethical guidelines (Score sheet) is a practical approach. It is important to integrate vigorous data management practices. Utilization of a robust and holistic structure of the wastewater surveillance program will ensure successful outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}