Water Environment Research最新文献

{"title":"Mathematical Modeling and Multivariate Statistics as Integrated Tools for Water Quality Management in a Watershed.","authors":"Grazielle Cristina Assis Carneiro, Eduardo de Aguiar do Couto","doi":"10.1002/wer.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to simulate contamination scenarios in the hydrographic basin of Upper Paraopeba through water quality modeling and evaluate the water quality using multivariate statistical analysis. Two scenarios of intervention in the basin were simulated using the QUAL-UFMG model, considering the establishment of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the basin municipalities by 2035. Principal components and cluster analysis were used for multivariate statistical analysis, applied to 19 variables at eight monitoring points. In mathematical modeling, it was possible to identify the point at which the pollutant load made the most significant contribution to the overall system. This point is situated near the most urbanized region of the hydrographic basin, at the confluence with the Maranhão River. The principal components analysis presented four components that explained 72.82% of the data variation. The variables that most affect water quality variability are biochemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, suspended solids, and dissolved solids. The cluster analysis grouped the eight monitoring stations into three clusters with similarities among the points. The clusters were separated based on physical, hydrological, and anthropogenic factors. One of the clusters consisted of the two stations located in the Maranhão River subbasin, which presented even more deteriorated conditions when compared to the rest of the basin. The results enabled us to conclude that wastewater discharge, surface runoff, and soil erosion all influence water quality. The implementation of secondary treatment was insufficient to meet the Escherichia coli concentration requirements set by local legislation, indicating a need for tertiary treatment. Using the tools in a complementary manner made it possible to indicate the critical point in the basin regarding the sources of contamination. This information is crucial for structuring actions to mitigate pollution and developing plans for effective water resource management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 8","pages":"e70152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Removal of Soluble F From F/P-Bearing CaSO₄·2H₂O Slurry by CaCl₂.","authors":"Xu Li, Shuyu Lin, Yaoyao Zhu, Lan Xiang","doi":"10.1002/wer.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel method for selectively removing F from F/P-containing CaSO₄·2H₂O slurry using CaCl₂ as the precipitant is reported. Experimental results indicate that under conditions of 25°C, a Ca/F ratio of 2.5, and acidic pH (0.9-4.0), the F removal and P retention performance is optimal, where the removal rate of soluble F increases from 67.93% to 95.15%, while the loss rate of soluble P rises from 0% to 46.67%. At pH ≥ 6.0, the P loss rate exceeds 60%. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were conducted to reveal the equilibrium concentration distributions of F and P components and precipitation behavior of F and P at varying pH. At pH ≥ 4.4, binary co-precipitation of CaF₂ and CaHPO₄ occurs, hindering F removal while retaining P. At pH = 5.6-11.8, ternary co-precipitation of CaF₂, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, and CaHPO₄ further complicates selective F removal. In contrast, at pH = 0.9-4.0, the method effectively removes F while preserving P, aligning closely with the experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 8","pages":"e70106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swelling Behavior and Adsorption Properties of Multicomponent PF127DA/P (AA-AM)/PVA Hydrogel.","authors":"Zhi-Ke Wang, BaoFen Sun, Ting-Ting Li","doi":"10.1002/wer.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, an adsorbent capable of rapidly adsorbing heavy metal ions was prepared using PVA crosslinked with PF127DA and AA/AM. The swelling behavior of the hydrogel in salt solutions was investigated based on the Flory-Huggins theory model. The results indicated that the theoretical predictions of the hydrogel's volume swelling ratio, derived from the Flory-Rehner swelling theory and the Donnan equilibrium, were in agreement with the experimental swelling data of the hydrogel in water and salt solutions. With the increase in the amount of crosslinking agent PF127DA, the water absorption swelling ratio of the composite material was reduced by half, with the volume swelling ratio decreasing from 3.56 to 2.33. When the concentration of cations in the salt solution increased from 10^-5 mol/L to 10^-1 mol/L, the volume swelling ratio of the hydrogel showed a decreasing trend, which in turn affected the adsorption performance of the pollutant. Therefore, increasing the amount of crosslinking agent can enhance the colloidal strength, provided that its swelling properties are not compromised. Additionally, the presence of high concentrations of salt can affect the adsorption behavior of the hydrogel, and appropriate measures should be taken in practical applications to avoid its impact on adsorption behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Production of Volatile Fatty Acids From Waste Streams: Towards Creating Decision Support Tools for Process Optimization.","authors":"Reema Kumar, Guneet Kaur, Satinder Kaur Brar","doi":"10.1002/wer.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After anaerobic digestion, the sludge in wastewater treatment plants encompasses biosolids and food waste entering the sewer systems through food waste grinders in the kitchen sinks, especially in North America. These digested biosolids and food waste are typically discarded in landfills or incinerated. However, producing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) through fermentation of this waste stream of sludge and food waste is a lucrative value chain to biosolids and food waste management. The co-fermentation of sludge and food waste enhances microbial diversity and provides optimal carbon:nitrogen ratio for VFA generation. However, variation in the source and composition of the food waste significantly impacts the fermentation efficiency. In this study, a meta-analysis of 107 studies from North America was performed to understand the correlation between operational parameters and their effects on VFA production to use it as a tool for process optimization. The 107 studies were selected out of 303 from the database of Scopus and Web of Science from the year 2000 to 2024. The included studies were original research articles with inclusive data on VFA production using food waste as a substrate. Initial substrate concentration was found to be a reliable predictor for VFA production, followed by temperature and pH. Substrate concentrations between 9 and 20 gCOD/L, coupled with temperatures around 25°C or lower and neutral to slightly acidic pH, were observed to create favorable conditions for microbial activity and VFA generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of River Channelization and River Corridor for Surface Water in Terms of Pollution Prevention and Ecological Integration: Evidence From the Awetu River, Ethiopia.","authors":"Mohammedsalih Kadir Gobana, Alemayehu Haddis Getahun, Dessalegn Dadi Olani","doi":"10.1002/wer.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There was a strong relationship between rivers and human settlements from the time human beings started a sedentary lifestyle to the present day. This connection between humans and rivers affects river water quality and its ecology, resulting in human health problems. To solve this problem, river channelization and riverside projects are preferred as primary solutions in different countries. The objective of this study is to assess the significance of river channelization and river corridors for surface water quality and ecological integration. Twelve water quality indicators, namely, temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate, TDS, TSS, and fecal coliform were analyzed. The findings of this study show that the Awetu River channelization contributed to the improvement of water quality, but it is not at the required quality and standard. Many parameters analyzed in the channelized segment of the river were not within the permissible limits of the WHO and Ethiopian standards for drinking water as well as the Guideline Surface Water Quality Standards. The average values of the channelized segment for most variables were between those of the two unchannelized segments, indicating a lack of significant change in water quality as a result of the project. A comparison of the water quality after the project with previous data revealed improvements in most of the parameters. The project also significantly contributed to flood risk prevention, solid waste, and bad smell reduction. The results of interviews with local stakeholders also support the results of practical studies. All of them believe that the project contributed to water quality improvement and reduction of related risk. However, most of them (96%) believe it is not sufficient to solve the problems. The lack of emphasis on liquid waste prevention, lack of uniformity in riverside free space, and lack of recording baseline data for the water quality status and composition of the ecological flora and fauna constitute the main feedback of the project.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Metabolic Characteristics and Microbial Interactions in the Partial Denitrification Systems Fed With Different Carbon Sources.","authors":"Teng Zhang, Shaofeng Chen, Qiran Yuan, Qiang Yue, Weijing Liu, Guangbing Liu, Jiashun Cao","doi":"10.1002/wer.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study systematically investigated the microbial community structure and ecological networks in three partial denitrification (PD) systems driven by sodium acetate (R1), glucose (R2), and glycerol (R3). After 180 days of acclimation, the nitrate to nitrite transformation rates reached 90.15% (R1), 55.47% (R2), and 73.06% (R3). High-throughput sequencing revealed distinct dominant functional microorganisms: Thauera (57.93%) in R1, Azospira (41.63%) in R2, and Saccharibacteria (53.47%) in R3. In R2 and R3, gene functional prediction found that the relative abundance of nitrate reductase (Nar)-related and nitrite reductase (Nir)-related genes was close, but the complex III-related genes gradually decreased, suggesting that nitrite accumulation might correlate with reduced electron transfer efficiency of cytochrome c. In R1 and R2, ecological network analysis demonstrated that Thauera and Azospira exhibited relatively independent ecological subnetworks, whereas Saccharibacteria exhibited extensive interactions with most functional microorganisms in R3. Furthermore, Ohtaekwangia and Anaerolineaceae played crucial roles in maintaining module stability in R2, with Anaerolineaceae additionally acting as module connectors in R3. This study systematically elucidated the metabolic characteristics and microbial interaction mechanisms of PD systems under different carbon sources, providing theoretical support for optimizing PD-anammox coupling technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Management and Green Transition in China's Textile Industry: A Policy-Driven Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Qiuyu Feng, Tingwei Dong, Zhuying Xia, Jiayi Xu, Chengtian He, Laili Wang","doi":"10.1002/wer.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As one of the world's largest water-intensive industries, the textile industry may cause water shortages and environmental pollution, making the improvement of water use efficiency and sewage treatment imperative. Government-led environmental regulations, a key exogenous force, have catalyzed the industry's green transition. Therefore, exploring their impact and role on water extraction and discharge throughout the textile and apparel supply chain is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the textile industry. Based on multilevel quantitative analysis, this study reveals that the silk, printing and dyeing, and leather subsectors have the highest intensity of water extraction, discharge, and pollution emissions in the industry, highlighting the necessity for tiered standard regulations. Furthermore, from an empirical perspective, the study examines the development trends and impact of environmental regulations, demonstrating an interactive model of \"standard policy → water-saving innovation → sustainable development.\" Taking the silk industry as an example, it shows that the synergy of restrictive and incentive-based water policies drives transformation through dual pathways of restriction and compensation for enterprises, leading to a positive cycle of enhanced economic and environmental benefits in the industry. These findings provide authentic and feasible insights for water saving, emission reduction, and clean production in the textile and apparel industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity and Chemical-Bromatological Composition of Mombaça Grass Fertigated With Cattle Slaughterhouse Effluent With and Without Disinfection With Peracetic Acid.","authors":"Warlyton Silva Martins, Keila Cardoso Teixeira, Elizangela Alves de Freitas, Alex Sander Rodrigues Cangussu, Anna Karla Dos Santos Pereira, Grasiele Soares Cavallini","doi":"10.1002/wer.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater from cattle slaughterhouses is a source of nutrients for the fertigation of crops because of the presence of nitrogen and phosphorus. This study aimed to analyze the yield and nutritional composition of Mombaça grass (Panicum maximum) exposed to different doses of cattle slaughter effluent, with and without the addition of the disinfectant peracetic acid (PAA). The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, with eight treatments: E₁₀₀ = 100% effluent; E_50:50 = 50% effluent + 50% water; ET_50:50 = 50% effluent treated with PAA + 50% water; E_75:25 = 75% effluent + 25% water; ET_75:25 = 75% effluent treated with PAA + 25% water; E_25:75 = 25% effluent + 75% water; ET_25:75 = 25% effluent treated with PAA + 75% water; and Control = 100% water, with five replicates each. Chemical and bromatological analyses of Mombaça grass showed that nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium levels increased progressively with an increase in the amount of effluent compared with that in plants irrigated only with water (control group). An increase of crude protein, mineral matter, and total digestible nutrients was observed, along with a reduction in the concentrations of crude fiber and ether extract in the E₁₀₀ group. Fertigation with bovine effluent contributed to an improvement in the quality of Mombaça grass, mainly due to the increased protein amount and adequate nutrient levels. The application of PAA in the effluent contributed to the reduction of pathogens, but presented fewer benefits for the plant when compared with the effluent without PAA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12269340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Prediction of Water Quality Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Enhanced Monitoring and Management.","authors":"S Barathkumar, A Chitra Devi","doi":"10.1002/wer.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence offers a cost-effective solution for water supply and sanitation systems while ensuring compliance with quality standards. This study presents a novel AI-based system for real-time monitoring and prediction of water quality, with a focus on sustainability and environmental protection. Using adaptive regression models, the water quality index (WQI) was predicted, and various classifiers were employed to categorize water quality classification (WQC). The dataset included 10 parameters: pH, EC, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, CO₃ ^2-, HCO₃ ^-, Cl^-, and SO₄ ^2-, which are essential for building efficient prediction models. Among the models tested, linear regression (LR) performed best for predicting WQI, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.18 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.967, whereas the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and random forest (RF) classifiers achieved classification accuracies of 92.3% and 91.6%, respectively, for WQC. The LR model provided accurate WQI predictions, and KNN excelled in classifying WQC. An ensemble model, that combines regression and classification techniques, achieved a high regression coefficient of 96.7% for predicting both the WQI and WQC. This AI-driven approach enhances water quality prediction and supports better water treatment and management systems. These findings have practical implications for improving water quality monitoring and decision-making in pollution-affected regions such as Tamil Nadu, India.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Determinants of Stream Nitrate Concentrations During Baseflow Conditions in Undisturbed Mountain Streams of Southern Parts of Kyushu, Japan.","authors":"Nay Lin Maung, Naoko Tokuchi, Yukio Komai, Soyoka Makino, Hikari Shimadera, Satoru Chatani, Kazuya Nishina","doi":"10.1002/wer.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the environmental determinants of nitrate (NO₃ ^-) concentrations from undisturbed mountain streams in the southern part of Kyushu Main Island, Japan. Four hundred twenty-seven water samples were collected between April 2021 and December 2022 under the baseflow condition. Random Forest (RF) regression model was used to identify the important environmental factors affecting stream NO₃ ^- concentrations. The RF result revealed that annual precipitation is the most significant determinant, negatively correlation with NO₃ ^- concentrations. This suggests that higher precipitation enhances NO₃ ^- flushing from forest soils, reducing NO₃ ^- availability during subsequent baseflow periods. In contrast, temperature was positively correlated, indicating that higher temperature may increase nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates, leading to more NO₃ ^- leaching. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) depositions derived from agricultural emissions and fuel combustions are also significantly influenced stream NO₃ ^-. Stream NO₃ ^- concentrations tended to increase when total annual N deposition exceeded approximately 12 kg N ha^-1 year^-1. These findings highlight the importance of climatic variables, particularly precipitation and temperature, and N depositions in determining stream NO₃ ^- concentrations in the wider area, providing a valuable framework for predicting and mitigating N pollution in similar ecosystems globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}