Water Environment Research最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying and characterizing major DOC fractions in water treatment processes: A simplified SPE method without recovering sorbed compounds.","authors":"Saeideh Mirzaei, Beata Gorczyca","doi":"10.1002/wer.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Practitioners often use specific UV₂₅₄ absorption (SUVA) as an indicator of hydrophobic (HPO) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to evaluate removal efficiency and estimate trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). However, current fractionation methods, such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), primarily focus on recovering sorbed compounds, and assume that treatment impacts only the quantity, not the characteristics, of DOC fractions. Additionally, varying recovery rates and inconsistent fractionation pH definitions complicate cross-study comparisons of hydrophilic and HPO DOC composition. To address these issues, we tested three pH fractionation approaches (pH 3, pH 7, and sequential adjustment) and observed significant differences in DOC content, SUVA, and specific THMFP (STHMFP) between SPE filtrates at pH 3 and pH 7, which were most likely because of ionizable acidic DOC compounds becoming HPO at lower pH levels. Based on these findings, we developed a new fractionation method to estimate the quantity and characteristics of major DOC fractions-hydrophilic neutral (HPIN), total acidic (TA = HPOA + HPIA), and hydrophobic neutral (HPON)-without the need to recover sorbed fractions. Applying this method in a conventional coagulation/softening plant revealed HPON decreased while the relative amounts of HPI and TA increased after the treatment. However, the treated water HPI exhibited significantly higher STHMFP and contained approximately twice the proportion of low-molecular-weight compounds than raw water HPI, highlighting significant changes in both the content and properties of DOC fractions throughout the treatment process. Our study indicates that the contribution of HPI DOC fraction to SUVA and STHMFP in treated water is greater than that of HPO DOC. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A two-stage ENV to estimate major DOC fractions without recovering sorbed compounds. One ENV cartridge at pH 3 can effectively isolate HPI DOC, replacing sequential ENV. Coagulation and lime/soda softening altered characteristics of DOC fractions. HPI DOC in treated water contributes to SUVA and STHMFP more than HPO fraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11840460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraviolet-enhanced Fe⁰-activated H₂O₂ process for the removal of refractory organic matter from landfill leachate: Performance and mechanism.","authors":"Guonan Zhao, Ke Feng","doi":"10.1002/wer.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Fenton-like process, utilizing zero-valent iron (Fe⁰) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), is employed to degrade refractory organic matter in membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent derived from landfill leachate. However, the rate-limiting Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox step diminishes treatment efficacy and generates substantial iron sludge. This study elucidates the mechanism by which ultraviolet (UV) irradiation augments the Fe⁰/H₂O₂ process for the removal of refractory organic matter in MBR effluent. The results show that the UV- enhanced H₂O₂ process effectively disrupts the aromatic structure of organic compounds, reducing molecular weight, degree of polymerization, and humification. Compared with the Fe⁰/H₂O₂ process, the removal efficiency of UV₂₅₄, color number, and total organic carbon in the effluent treated by the UV/Fe⁰/H₂O₂ process increased by 24.16%, 14.62%, and 57.46%, respectively. Concurrently, the generation of iron sludge was reduced by 21.6%. This enhancement is primarily attributed to UV's ability to intensify the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ redox cycle and expedite the surface corrosion of Fe⁰, yielding more iron oxides. This accelerates the decomposition of H₂O₂, generating a higher quantity of ^•OH through both homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions. The refractory organic matter is removed through the oxidation by ^•OH, as well as the adsorption and precipitation facilitated by iron-based colloids. PRACTITIONER POINTS: UV promotes Fe⁰/H₂O₂ process to degrade refractory organic matter in MBR effluent. UV promotes Fe⁰ to dissolve more Fe²⁺ and the redox cycle of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺. The dosage of H₂O₂ or Fe⁰ influences the treatment effect of the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption behavior of levofloxacin hydrochloride on non-degradable microplastics aging with H₂O₂.","authors":"Yinghua Li, Yiyan Wang, Shutong Yang, Terun Bao, Fei Su, Jie Qian","doi":"10.1002/wer.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastics pollutants, especially microplastics (MPs, <5 mm in diameter) and levofloxacin hydrochloride (Lev-HCl) often co-exist in the aquatic environment. To explore the adsorption processes and mechanisms of Lev-HCl by non-degradable MPs, in this study, H₂O₂ oxidation was used to age polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs. The results demonstrated that the equilibrium adsorption capacity increased significantly after aging, as H₂O₂-PET (1.167 mg/g) > PET (0.995 mg/g), H₂O₂-PS (1.057 mg/g) > PS (0.957 mg/g), H₂O₂-PVC (1.107 mg/g) > PVC (0.975 mg/g). After H₂O₂ aging, the hydrogen bond (-OH) was more obvious, and π-π interactions were significantly enhanced. These non-degradable MPs mainly adsorbed Lev-HCl by micropore filling (contributions: PVC 65.9%, PS 56%, PET 63.5%). The current study highlights the potential of non-degradable MPs to act as a vector for Lev-HCl in the aquatic environment, especially after H₂O₂ aging. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Adsorption behavior of Lev-HCl onto three non-degradable MPs was elucidated. The adsorption capacity increased significantly after aging for PVC, PS, and PET MPs. The hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions of H₂O₂-aged MPs were more significant. Multi-layer adsorption on non-homogeneous surfaces via micropore filling was revealed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics occurrence in commercial crab Scylla serrata from Kaveri River of Tamil Nadu: An emerging concern for community health.","authors":"Arunagiri Ragu Prasath, Kandasamy Selvam, Chinnappan Sudhakar","doi":"10.1002/wer.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic (MPs) pollution has engulfed global aquatic systems, and the concerns about MPs translocation and bioaccumulation in fish, crabs, and other marine organisms are now an unpleasant truth. In the past few years, MPs pollution in freshwater systems, particularly rivers, and subsequently in freshwater organisms, especially in crabs, has caught the attention of researchers. Rivers provide livelihood to approximately 40% of the global population through food and potable water. Hence, assessment of emerging contaminants like MPs in waterways and the associated fauna is crucial. This study assessed MPs in crab S. serrata across the largest riverine system of south India, the Kaveri River. The MPs were characterized by optical microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX) analysis for their number, shape, size, and color. Polymer composition was analyzed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were the dominant plastic polymers in the crab intestine. Additionally, the FE-SEM analysis revealed that the MPs have differential surface morphology with rough surfaces, porous structures, fissures, and severe damage. Most MPs comprised Na, Si, Mg, Cl, K, and Ca, according to EDX analyses. The findings might provide insight into the status of MPs in S. serrata at Kavery river that could help in formulating regulations for MPs reduction and contamination in rivers eventually to protect the environment and human health. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The first findings on the identity and properties of MPs in crabs from the Kaveri River at Mettur Dam. A simple and cost-effective approach for extracting microplastics from crab samples from Mettur Dam, Kaveri River, Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India. Microplastics were detected using optical microscopy, ATR-FTIR, and FE-SEM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic ozone oxidation of chemical RO membrane concentrate wastewater by a Cu-Ce@γ-Al₂O₃ ozone catalyst.","authors":"Wenquan Sun, Yan Wang, Xingwang Yang, Ziran Wang, Hanqing Zhu, Jun Zhou, Yongjun Sun","doi":"10.1002/wer.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A Cu-Ce@γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was developed for the efficient treatment of chemical reverse osmosis (RO) membrane concentrate wastewater. The working conditions and reaction mechanisms of Cu-Ce@γ-Al₂O₃ catalytic ozonation were systematically investigated, and its application in the catalytic ozonation of chemical RO membrane concentrate wastewater was explored. The catalyst was comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, revealing its microstructure, elemental composition, and crystal structure. The optimal reaction conditions were identified as follows: ozone dosage of 8 mg/L/min, initial pH of 9.0, catalyst filling ratio of 10%, and a reactor height-to-diameter ratio of 5:1. Under these conditions, the catalytic ozonation achieved a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 63.4%. Free-radical quenching experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) played a dominant role in the catalytic ozonation system. Kinetic analysis revealed that the catalytic ozonation of chemical RO membrane concentrate wastewater with Cu-Ce@γ-Al₂O₃ followed second-order kinetics. The degradation mechanisms of organic matter in the wastewater were further analyzed using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. Additionally, a weighted rank sum ratio (WRSR) evaluation model was developed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the process performance. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Cu-Ce@γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts with excellent catalytic performance were prepared. Efficient catalytic ozonation of chemical RO membrane concentrate with high salinity was realized. Degradation mechanism of organic pollutants by catalytic ozonation is clarified. Evaluation model for catalytic ozonation of chemical RO membrane concentrate was established.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70034"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological response of Microcystis aeruginosa exposed to aqueous extracts of Pistia stratiotes and Pontederia crassipes.","authors":"Luan de Oliveira Silva, Allan Amorim Santos, Evelyn Maribel Condori Peñaloza, Ana Beatriz Furlanetto Pacheco, Sandra Maria Feliciano de Oliveira E Azevedo","doi":"10.1002/wer.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophyte extracts inhibit cyanobacteria growth, offering a sustainable solution for bloom control. The present study aimed to evaluate the response of Microcystis aeruginosa to aqueous extracts obtained from the dried biomass of Pistia stratiotes L. and Pontederia crassipes Mart. Solms. The parameters analyzed were cyanobacterial growth, photosynthesis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and antioxidative response. The chemical profile of the aqueous extracts upon incubation was also analyzed. Both extracts (4.0 g.L^-1) inhibited cyanobacterial growth in 6 days: 100% inhibition for P. stratiotes and 60% inhibition for P. crassipes. Photosynthetic activity was also inhibited: 99% inhibition for P. stratiotes and 12% inhibition for P. crassipes. This was related to the downregulation of the psbA gene (coding for the photosystem II protein D1). Exposure to both extracts increased the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species in cyanobacterial cultures. Superoxide dismutase( SOD) enzymatic activity increased in cultures exposed to P. stratiotes extracts. The transcription of the sod gene was not altered but the transcription of the peroxiredoxin gene (prxA) increased. Upon incubation of the macrophyte extracts with M. aeruginosa cultures, phenol concentrations decreased, and their metabolic profile changed. Thus, P. stratiotes extract outperformed P. crassipes in inhibiting M. aeruginosa growth. P. stratiotes extracts obtained from the plant dry biomass present allelopathic activity on cyanobacteria and can be used as a sustainable alternative to mitigate blooms. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Aqueous extracts from dried biomass of P. stratiotes and P. crassipes inhibited M. aeruginosa growth. P. stratiotes extract suppressed photosystem II activity, while P. crassipes did not. Both extracts elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cells. Peroxiredoxin gene expression upregulated by extract exposure. P. stratiotes extract increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient removal of ciprofloxacin from waste activated sludge by electroactivation of peroxymonosulfate.","authors":"Zonglin Li, Junsen Wang, Bomin Fu, Frederic C Meunier, Mohamad Sleiman, Jean-Marc Chovelon, Hongtao Wang","doi":"10.1002/wer.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The waste activated sludge (WAS) generated from sewage treatment accumulates antibiotics including ciprofloxacin (CIP), which may be released into the environments if WAS is not handled properly. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies aiming at removing CIP from sludge. In this study, electrically activated peroxymonosulfate (E/PMS) was investigated to remove CIP from WAS. The optimal conditions for the degradation of CIP in sludge by E/PMS were determined by response surface methodology (RSM) simulations combined with experimental validation. The highest CIP removal level of 93.8% was achieved in 10 min at a dosage of 250 mg/g dry solid (DS) PMS, and an electrolysis voltage of 23 V. E/PMS facilitated the generation of radicals involved in the elimination of CIP. The contribution of free radicals showed that SO₄ ^•- is more important than HO^• in this process. A degradation pathway for CIP in sludge was proposed based on the detected byproducts and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The E/PMS process also promoted sludge disintegration, dewatering, heavy metal removal, and morphological transformation. The total content of all six heavy metals decreased, with As and Cr being converted into more stable forms, thereby reducing their leaching rates. The E/PMS process also reduced the toxicity of the sludge filtrate. Finally, the analysis of economic feasibility and energy consumption showed that E/PMS has a significant potential for controlling antibiotics and promoting the harmlessness of sludge. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Effective removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from waste activated sludge by electrically activated peroxymonosulfate (E/PMS). Reaction time has little effect on CIP removal from sludge. The degradation sites of CIP in sludge were the piperazine ring, the quinolone fraction, and the cyclopropyl. Promotion of sludge decomposition and dewatering, heavy metal stabilization, and decrease of sludge filtrate toxicity by the E/PMS process.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The responses of physical, chemical, and microbiology components on the water quality of Cirebon's estuaries during pre and post-COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Qurnia Wulan Sari, Putri Adia Utari, Riza Yuliratno Setiawan, Dini Hartiningsih, Hasna May Nurlaila, Yuniarti Ms, M Rudyansyah Ismail, Neng Tanty Sofyana, Nur Sakinah Junirahma, Santi Rukminita Anggraeni, Muhamad Nur, Sri Agung Fitri Kusuma","doi":"10.1002/wer.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70012","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant societal disruptions, prompting the Indonesian government to implement various measures, including partial lockdowns or Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement (CARE), to curb the virus's spread. This research aims to assess the impact of various environmental parameters on Cirebon's estuaries, focusing on physical components (such as temperature, total solids [TS], and turbidity), chemical components (including pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, and phosphate), and microbiology components (specifically total coliforms). These comprehensive components have notably impacted environmental parameters during pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 pandemic based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) assessment in Cirebon's estuaries. In the port city of Cirebon, located on Java Island's northern coast, the water quality of three river estuaries Kesenden, Sukalila, and Kalijaga was analyzed before and after the CARE implementation. Water samples collected in 2019, 2020, 2022, and 2023 were evaluated against Class II water quality standards per Indonesian Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. The assessment of WQI was determined using the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) technique revealing significant fluctuations and trends across various stations over the 2019-2023. In 2019, the water quality at Kesenden, Sukalila, and Kalijaga stations was recorded at 52.21, 56.40, and 53.36, respectively. By 2020, began of COVID 19, there was a noticeable decreasing of WQI, Sukalila sustained a \"Moderate\" classification with a WQI of 54.59, whereas Kesenden and Kalijaga witnessed declines with values recorded at 49.5 and 49.7, respectively. However, the peak-implementation of the CARE program in 2022 saw a drastic decline in water quality, with values dropping below the threshold in all observed stations, 23.97 in Kesenden, 23.10 in Sukalila, and 35.36 in Kalijaga. Meanwhile, the water quality in 2023 experienced increasing (remained in the poor category) with index values of 44.31, 35.14, and 42.0 at Kesenden, Sukalila, and Kalijaga, respectively. The findings underscore the complex interplay between human activities and environmental health, highlighting the need for sustainable practices and robust water management policies to mitigate the adverse effects of such disruptions. The results from the monitoring of ocean health pre- and post-the CARE implementation in the pandemic era have provided a unique opportunity to reflect on human behavior and its impact on the environment, emphasizing the importance of adopting pro-environmental behaviors to support sustainable development in the post-pandemic era. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic led to an improvement in water quality due to the reduction in industrial and human activities resulting CARE. The significant reduction in anthropogenic activities such as industry and transportation, w","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on microplastic contamination in marine sediment and water of Asia: Concentration, characterization, and polymeric risk assessment.","authors":"Mahima Doshi, Vasantkumar Rabari, Jigneshkumar Trivedi","doi":"10.1002/wer.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the marine environment and harmful for biodiversity. This review was based on 311 studies published on various online platforms published between 2006 and 2024 on MP contamination in marine sediment and water in different countries of Asia. The research highlights an increasing trend in MP contamination studies, with China and India. Analytical techniques for sample collection, digestion, flotation, and polymer identification are discussed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) emerged as the preferred method for polymer identification. The maximum MP contamination in marine sediments was recorded at Taiwan and Indonesia, while the maximum MP contamination in marine water was recorded in China, Malaysia, and India. The fiber was the most dominant shape. The 1-2 mm and 500 μ-1 mm-sized MPs having blue color were found dominantly. The pollution indices revealed a very high risk of MP contamination in all the Asian countries. PRACTITIONER POINTS: China and India are the leading in publications on MP contamination studies. Common tools used are steel scoop/spatula/shovel for sediment, nets for water. FTIR is the preferred method for polymer identification. Highest MP in sediment of Indonesia and in water of China, Malaysia, and India. Dominant MP shape: fiber; size 1-2 mm and 500 μ-1 mm, blue color.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in untreated and treated sludge/biosolids from 27 water resource recovery facilities across the United States and Canada.","authors":"Shubhashini Oza, Hui Li, Qingguo Huang, John W Norton, Lloyd J Winchell, Martha J M Wells, Thomas Nangle, Natalia Perez, Dan DeLaughter, Jan M Hauser, Malcolm Taylor, Zonetta E English, Mike Melnyk, Phuong Truong, Katherine Y Bell","doi":"10.1002/wer.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are being studied in all environmental matrices because of their ubiquitous presence and adverse human health impacts. This study conducted a surveillance of 27 water resource recovery facilities throughout the United States and Canada to screen the range of PFAS concentrations in pre-stabilized sludge and post-stabilized product. Among the 27 water resource recovery facilities, 82% use anaerobic digestion and the rest use chemical stabilization and/or incineration for sludge stabilization. Forty PFAS compounds were evaluated by US Environmental Protection Agency Method SW846/537.1, and four and nine compounds were reported in the pre-stabilized sludge and post-stabilized product, respectively. Concentrations of reported compounds in pre-stabilized sludge and post-stabilized product varied from 5 to 33 ng/g dry basis and 2 to 220 ng/g dry basis, respectively. 3-Perfluoropentylpropanoic acid (5:3 FTCA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were the most frequently observed compounds, and PFAS concentrations in the post-stabilized products were generally higher than the corresponding pre-stabilized sludge. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Among the 40 target PFAS, four were above reporting limit in the pre-stabilized sludge and nine in the post-stabilized product. Incineration ash (post-stabilized product) samples did not have any reportable PFAS. 5:3 FTCA and PFOS were the two frequently observed compounds; concentrations were higher in the post-stabilized product compared to the pre-stabilized sludge. PFPeA and PFHxA were the only two short chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids reported. PFOA was reported in only one of the 54 samples evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 2","pages":"e70039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11847621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}