Water Environment Research最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of water quality and hyperaccumulator-based purification of contaminated springs across the district Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.","authors":"Aysha Aziz, Saiqa Andleeb, Nuzhat Shafi, Wajid Arshad Abbasi","doi":"10.1002/wer.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a developing country like Pakistan, drinking water leads to health issues that spread to plants and food chains. Therefore, the current study was designed to assess the quality of spring water available in different localities in Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Districts, Pakistan, and to evaluate the efficacy of phyto-hyperaccumulators, including Brassica rapa and Spinacia oleracea in the purification of spring water. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, and heavy metals were analyzed. B. rapa and S. oleracea were grown to purify the contaminated spring water. The results of physicochemical parameters before hyperaccumulator treatment were recorded as temperature (14.03 ± 0.80°C to 18.76 ± 1.52°C), pH (6.5-8.5), electrical conductivity (245.0 ± 7.54 μS/cm to 365.13 ± 13.89 μS/cm), turbidity (0.6 ± 1.00 NTU to 2.6 ± 2.51 NTU), total dissolved solids (122.0 ± 1.00 ppm to 247.6 ± 3.21 ppm), biological oxygen demand (4.1 ± 0.9 mg/l to 8.06 ± 0.550 mg/l) along with the maximum levels of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr). Heavy metals constitute a serious risk to human health, according to the contamination factor, risk index, hazard quotient of potentially toxic components, and non-carcinogenic risk in spring water. After hyperaccumulator treatment, B. rapa and S. oleracea treated spring water not only declined the values of physicochemical parameters but significantly reduced the heavy metals efficiently at p < 0.001. After treatment, physicochemical parameters were recorded as pH (7.67 ± 0.58 and 7.43 ± 0.06 to 8.0 ± 0.00), temperature (12.4 ± 0.36°C to 13.2 ± 0.26°C and 12.4 ± 0.61°C to 13.27 ± 0.15°C), electrical conductivity (245.0 ± 7.54 μS/cm to 365.13 ± 13.89 μS/cm), turbidity (0.6 ± 1.0 NTU to 2.6 ± 2.51 NTU), total dissolved solids (122.0 ± 1.00 ppm to 247.6 ± 3.21 ppm), dissolved oxygen values were recorded in B. rapa (4.6 ± 0.53 mg/l to 7.9 ± 0.1 mg/l) and S. oleracea (4.53 ± 0.42 mg/l to 6.8 ± 0.7 mg/l), BOD values of B. rapa treated spring water (4.07 ± 0.85 mg/l to 4.97 ± 0.06 mg/l) and S. oleracea treated spring water (5.1 ± 0.1 mg/l to 5.13 ± 0.15 mg/l. It was observed that contaminated spring water did not affect the sprouting and growth of B. rapa compared to S. oleracea. Results revealed that B. rapa showed maximum accumulation of heavy metals compared to S. oleracea. Bioconcentration factor, remediated metal fraction (mg/kg), and planting season remediation (%) supported the efficient use of these plants as hyperaccumulators. The entire study concluded that hyperaccumulators purified and remedied heavy metals from spring water via phytoextraction (absorption and translocation), rhizofiltration (adsorption and concentration), and phytostabilization (immobilization). The environmentally favorable method for lowering contaminants and naturally purifying spring water in the f","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological Impact of Agro-Industry on Streams From a South American Basin: Amphibian Tadpoles as Indicators of Environmental Health.","authors":"Ana P Cuzziol Boccioni, Rafael C Lajmanovich, María Rosa Repetti, Andrés M Attademo, Cristina Susana Zalazar, Agustina Manassero, Karen Russell-White, María V Lancelle, Ayelén Muchiutti, Evelina J Leon, Paola M Peltzer","doi":"10.1002/wer.70117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate complex contamination due to anthropic activities related to urban, industrial and agricultural activities in four streams of Entre Ríos-Argentina (Las Conchas, LC; Espinillo, ES; Crespo, CR; Las Tunas, LT), being the first one the main water sources of subtropical riparian conservation reserve \"Parque Escolar Rural Enrique Berduc\" (PEREB). Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters and pesticide residues were studied on sediment and water samples. Toxicity bioassays on Rhinella arenarum tadpoles were performed to analyze ecotoxicological effects. Sediment from LC stream had the highest glyphosate concentration recorded in South American (5002 μg/kg). Bioassays showed lethality (100%) in undiluted CR and LT treatments. Sublethal effects included thyrotoxicosis, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity on treated ES, CR, and LT tadpoles. These findings highlight the alarming environmental degradation threatening \"One health,\" emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and severe control by science and government to protect and ecological restore freshwater sources. SUMMARY: \"Las Conchas\" stream, within a natural protected area, showed the highest glyphosate concentration in sediment ever reported in South America. Several physicochemical parameters were outside the quality standards in most of the streams studied, suggesting severe pollution. Sublethal effects in tadpoles included hormonal, enzymatic, and genotoxic disruptions, along with stunted growth and delayed development. The findings emphasize the necessity for stricter agricultural management and monitoring to mitigate pollution in freshwater ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Fluoride Remediation: Unlocking the Potential of Modified Oyster Shells Through Calcination and Phosphoric Acid Treatment.","authors":"Puyan Wang, Runbin Duan, Yuzhen Li, Meifang Yan, Huiying Han, Yao Sun","doi":"10.1002/wer.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address global fluoride pollution and mitigate its impact on human health and ecosystems, while also tackling the waste disposal issue, this study used batch experiments to explore thermal and phosphoric acid modification of oyster shells (OS) for enhancing fluoride removal. OS calcined at 900°C (OS900) and OS modified with H₃PO₄ at a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.5 (OSP15) are the best OS-based adsorbents, corresponding to the respective modification methods. OS900 and OSP15 maintained high fluoride removal at different pH levels. The Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order model better described the isotherm data and the kinetic data, respectively. OSP15 outperformed OS900 in terms of q_m, resistance to interference from co-anions, and reusability. Moreover, both OS900 and OSP15 effectively removed fluoride from real-world groundwater and coal mining water, meeting the WHO standards. They demonstrated significant potential for fluoride removal, providing an environmentally sustainable solution for managing oyster shell waste. SUMMARY: Thermal calcination (900°C) and phosphoric acid treatment (Ca/P = 1.5) enhance oyster shells' fluoride adsorption, turning seafood waste into eco-friendly adsorbents. OS900 and OSP15 maintain stable fluoride removal across pH variations and improve efficiency at higher temperatures, suited for diverse water treatment scenarios. OSP15 outperforms OS900 in capacity, reusability, and resistance to competing anions, offering an environmentally sustainable solution for groundwater and coal mining wastewater treatment. Both adsorbents meet WHO fluoride standards in real-world applications, addressing dual challenges of fluorosis prevention and sustainable shellfish waste recycling. Further research is needed to optimize performance in complex industrial effluents and innovate scalable OS-based materials for broader environmental remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemical Characteristics and Transformation Relationship of Surface Water and Groundwater in the Hua County, Guanzhong Plain (China).","authors":"Han Lu, Peiyue Li, Dan Wang, Fei Xu, Misbah Fida","doi":"10.1002/wer.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and interactions between surface water and groundwater is crucial for the development and protection of water resources in the watershed. This research employs mathematical statistics, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, IsoSource model, and hydrogeochemical simulation to analyze the interactions between surface water and groundwater in the Hua County, Guanzhong Plain, China. The findings revealed that the surface water and groundwater are weakly alkaline and low-mineralization freshwater, and the primary hydrochemical types was HCO₃SO₄·Ca type. The absolute dominance of HCO₃ ^- and Ca²⁺ in both surface and groundwater can be largely attributed to the dissolution of carbonate and silicate rocks. Evaporation led to δD and δ¹⁸O values enrichment in surface water samples from different tributaries, while groundwater samples, though less affected by evaporation, also displayed δD and δ¹⁸O enrichment due to river water infiltration recharge. Overall, the transformation relationship between surface water and groundwater is dominated by surface water infiltration recharge to the groundwater, with recharge contribution rates ranging from 4.7% to 64.5%. Additionally, some surface water samples from the Shidi River were characterized with high fluoride, which may be ascribed to human activities and evaporation. SUMMARY: Surface water and groundwater are weakly alkaline, dominated by HCO₃SO₄·Ca type. Hydrochemical components are primarily controlled by silicate rock dissolution. Surface-groundwater interaction mainly involves surface water infiltration. δ¹⁸O tracing reveals surface water infiltration recharge rates ranging from 4.7% to 64.5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Fish Hematological Profiles as Bioindicators of Water Pollution in Fish Conservation Areas, East Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Asus Maizar Suryanto Hertika, Muhammad Musa, Kasyful Amron, Renanda Baghaz Dzulhamdani Surya Putra, Muhammad Asnin Alfarisi, Andhika Farras Rahardian Putra, Marsa Fatin Halimah, Ida Bagus Pascad Wijanata","doi":"10.1002/wer.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquatic conservation areas are essential for the sustainable management of fish resources and ecosystems, especially in regions impacted by unsustainable fishing practices. The transformation of land use for ecotourism can yield mixed impacts. To ensure ecological integrity, monitoring tools like bioindicators such as fish species sensitive to environmental stressors are vital for assessing ecosystem health and informing conservation strategies. This study evaluates the health of aquatic conservation areas in East Java, Indonesia, through analyses of fish hematology and water quality parameters. Selected sites such as Iwak Kali, Boonpring, and Badherbank were chosen for their ecological and economic significance as well as the challenges posed by pollution. The aim was to assess ecological health by using hematological profiles and water quality indicators. Fish species including Tawes, Nilem, and Wader Cakul were sampled, and hematological tests measured erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, and other immune parameters. Simultaneously, water samples were tested for dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate, and other indicators of water quality. The findings revealed notable differences in fish hematology and water quality across the sites, with certain fish species demonstrating greater resilience to environmental stressors. High pollution levels detected at Badher Bank indicate a need for focused conservation interventions. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that integrating fish hematology with water quality monitoring provides a comprehensive approach to managing aquatic conservation areas, promoting both ecological sustainability and community involvement. SUMMARY: Fish blood biomarkers effectively indicate aquatic pollution levels in real-time environmental monitoring. Hematological changes in fish reflect water contamination from organic pollutants. Nonlethal blood sampling allows continuous, ethical monitoring of aquatic ecosystem health. Integrating fish blood analysis with water quality measurements can improve the accuracy of pollution assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 6","pages":"e70126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144476865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of Ramsar wetlands and freshwater resources: Technological innovations for ecosystem conservation.","authors":"Smrutisikha Mohanty, Prem Chandra Pandey","doi":"10.1002/wer.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70072","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aquatic ecosystems, particularly wetlands, are vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic influences. This study examines the Saman Bird Sanctuary and Keetham Lake, both Ramsar sites, using advanced remote sensing for water occurrence, land use and land cover (LULC), and water quality assessments. Sentinel data, processed in cloud computing, enabled land-use classification, water boundary delineation, and seasonal water occurrence mapping. A combination of Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), OTSU threshold segmentation, and Canny edge detection provided precise seasonal water boundaries. Study utilized a combination of the MNDWI, OTSU threshold segmentation, and Canny edge detection methods. These approaches allowed for precise delineation of seasonal water boundaries. Sixteen water quality parameters including pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), phosphates (PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;), nitrate (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;), chloride (Cl&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;), fluoride (F&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;), carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), silica (Si), iodine (I&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;), and chromium (Cr&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;) were analyzed and compared for both sites. Results showed significant LULC changes, particularly at Saman, with scrub forest, built-up areas, and agriculture increasing, while flooded vegetation and open water declined. Significant LULC changes were observed near Marsh wetland, where positive changes up to 42.17% were seen for built-up in surrounding regions, with an increase to 5.43 ha in 2021 from 3.14 ha in 2017. Positive change was observed for scrub forests up to 21.02%, with a rise of 2.18 ha. Vegetation in the marsh region, including seasonal grasses and hydrophytes, has shown an increase in extent up to 0.39 ha with a rise of 7.12%. Spatiotemporal water occurrence was analyzed across pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons using Sentinel-1 data. The study highlights the role of remote sensing and field-based water quality monitoring in understanding ecological shifts and anthropogenic pressures on wetlands. By integrating land-use changes and water quality analysis, this research provides critical information for planning and conservation efforts. It provides vital insights for conservation planning, advocating for continued monitoring and adaptive management to sustain these critical ecosystems. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Spatiotemporal surface water occurrence at two geographically different wetlands-lake and marsh wetland; LULC and its change analysis to evaluate the impact on wetlands and its surrounding environment-positive and negative changes; Boundary delineation to examine changes and identify low-lying areas during the pre- and post-monsoon; Comparative analysis of the water quality of two different wetlands; Insectivorous plant-Utricularia stellaris, was recorded from Northern India at the Saman Bird Sanctuary for the first time.","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 5","pages":"e70072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental fate and ecotoxicological behavior of complex contamination of antibiotics and metal ions in aquatic systems.","authors":"Haoran Ji, Guilin He, Wenxuan Ji, Zeyang Ren, Zeting Chen, Baozhen Liu, Yonglei Wang","doi":"10.1002/wer.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotics and metal ions are frequently detected in aquatic environments, where they can form complex pollutants through mechanisms such as complexation, adsorption, co-precipitation, and biological interactions. These interactions significantly affect the physicochemical properties, transport dynamics, and ecotoxicity of the pollutants. Because of their persistence, potential for bioaccumulation, and complex interactions, these pollutants pose substantial challenges to water treatment systems and may present risks to human health and ecological balance. This review synthesizes research on the sources (1999-2024), status, and formation mechanisms of these complex pollutants. Initially, it outlines how complex pollutants originate from sources including pharmaceutical residues, agricultural runoff, and industrial discharges, which often coexist and interact to form these pollutants. The review then delves into the interaction mechanisms between antibiotics and metal ions, highlighting the factors that influence these interactions. Complexes (coordination polymers) formed by antibiotics and metal ions consist of infinite structures where metal ions and organic ligands act as the fundamental building blocks, connected through coordination bonds and other weak chemical interactions. Additionally, the review provides a comprehensive overview of various removal techniques, discussing their effectiveness and the technical challenges associated with treating these complex pollutants. The effects of antibiotics and metal ions on the migration and transformation mechanisms of the pollutants are also examined. Moreover, the biotoxicity associated with these composite pollutants is discussed, offering insights that could guide future strategies for effective degradation and control. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Combined contaminants of antibiotics and metal ions widely detected in water Combined contaminants change the physicochemical properties of a single substance. The transport transformation mechanisms of complex contaminants were summarized. The effect of combined contaminants on the removal of antibiotics and metal ions were evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 5","pages":"e70074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A regional investigation on natural background levels and contamination assessment of shallow groundwater contaminants in a coastal urbanized area.","authors":"Gangli Yan, Liguo Yang, Lingxia Liu, Ruinan Liu, Guanxing Huang","doi":"10.1002/wer.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge on natural background levels (NBLs) is indispensable for evaluating groundwater contamination at regional scales. This study used a combination of modified oxidation capacity method and the box plot method to assess NBLs of common contaminants including iron, nitrite, sodium, total hardness, fluoride, sulfate, and selenium in groundwater of a coastal urbanized area of China (Pearl River Delta [PRD]), discussed geochemical factors controlling NBLs of these related contaminants in various groundwater units via multivariate statistical techniques, and evaluated groundwater comprehensive contamination in the PRD on the basis of groundwater NBLs. Results showed that NBLs of iron, nitrite, sodium, total hardness, fluoride, and sulfate in Groundwater Unit I of the PRD were higher than those in other groundwater units. Conversely, NBLs of selenium in Groundwater Units II and III of the PRD were higher than that in other groundwater units. Both of NBLs of iron and total hardness in Groundwater Unit I were higher than their allowable limits in groundwater quality standards recommended by China, while others were not. The high NBL of iron in Groundwater Unit I was probably attributed to the reductive dissolution of iron minerals in Quaternary sediments induced by the mineralization of organic matters in overlaid marine sediments. By contrast, the irrigation of river water and the leaching of trapped seawater in overlying marine sediment were likely responsible for the high NBL of total hardness in Groundwater Unit I. Using a groundwater contamination evaluation method on the basis of NBLs shows that uncontaminated groundwater accounted for 17.6%, 32.4%, 45.9%, and 53.6% in urban lands, peri-urban lands, agricultural lands, and other lands of the PRD, respectively. Groundwater with moderate to extremely high contamination was mainly distributed in Foshan, Dongguan, southern part of Guangzhou, western part of Shenzhen, northern part of Zhongshan, southern part of Zhuhai, and downstream of these cities. The leakage of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage and the irrigation of contaminated river water were likely main factors controlling groundwater comprehensive contamination in the PRD. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Groundwater natural background levels (NBLs) of seven contaminants in a coastal urbanized area (Pearl River Delta) were assessed. Geochemical factors controlling groundwater NBLs of seven contaminants in the Pearl River Delta were discussed. Groundwater comprehensive contamination in the Pearl River Delta was assessed on the basis of groundwater NBLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 5","pages":"e70097"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralized graywater treatment by a combination of sequencing batch reactor and advanced oxidation processes for reuse in Vietnam.","authors":"Stephan Beil, Amélie Chabilan, Linda Schuster, Hilmar Börnick, Minh Tan Nguyen, Stefan Stolte","doi":"10.1002/wer.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The availability of sufficient clean water has become an increasing problem even in regions with generally humid climates such as Vietnam due to rising water consumption, particularly in densely populated urban areas. The associated problems, such as an increasing scarcity of groundwater, pose major challenges for water management. Appropriate treatment and reuse of graywater, which accounts for a high proportion of total wastewater in households, can contribute significantly to solving this problem. In the present study, a combination of a biologically active sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and subsequent treatment by advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for decentralized graywater treatment is described as a promising option for water reuse in Vietnam. Treatment of synthetic graywater in a model reactor has shown that SBR is a suitable approach for efficient removal of bioavailable organic matter (BOD5 removal >95%), but that the resulting effluent does not meet the required quality criteria for reuse in terms of microbiological contamination, color and micropollutant levels. However, the subsequent AOP remedies these deficiencies. Thus, the number of coliforms could be reduced from 1320 to <1 MPN/100 mL, turbidity to <2 NTU and color by 75% to 4-6 Pt/Co-units. With the exception of terbutryn, the graywater-relevant micropollutants considered could be removed to such an extent by the subsequent UV/H₂O₂ treatment step within 60 min of treatment time that the requirements of the corresponding Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) values are met. Therefore, a combination of both methods enables efficient graywater treatment for a variety of reuse purposes. PRACTITIONER POINTS: For laboratory investigations, a synthetically produced greywater was produced on the basis of various literature references, which is representative of the Southeast Asia region under consideration. Aerobic biological treatment resulted in a significant improvement in water quality in terms of color and typical general wastewater parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), BOD5, and ammonium. In contrast, the biological stage only insufficiently removed turbidity, coliforms, total P, total N, and a number of selected organic trace substances typical of greywater. Only subsequent treatment using a AOP process (VUV irradiation and peroxide) reduced all the parameters and studied pollutants to such an extent that the water can be reused, for example, for irrigation purposes or for groundwater recharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrations and characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols and chlorobenzenes in deep seawater near South China Sea.","authors":"Yating Shen, Dongyu Lu, Shuai Zhu, Meng Pan, Zhipeng Yang, Mei Chen, Xiaochen Fang","doi":"10.1002/wer.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other aromatic hydrocarbons are persistent environmental contaminants with diverse origins, posing significant risks to marine ecosystems. This study investigates the concentrations, vertical distribution, and sources of these pollutants in the South China Sea near the Xisha Islands, a region with distinct oceanographic conditions and anthropogenic influences. A total of 23 aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were analyzed, including 17 PAHs, 3 phenols, and 3 chlorobenzenes. Of these, 3 PAHs (fluorene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene) were below detection limits. Seawater samples collected at four depths (200, 400, 1000, and 1200 m) revealed distinct depth-dependent patterns. Lower-molecular-weight PAHs (2-3 rings) exhibited higher concentrations at shallower depths (200 m and 400 m), likely influenced by atmospheric deposition and surface runoff. High-molecular-weight PAHs (4-6 rings) were found in lower concentrations but persisted at greater depths due to their higher stability and slower degradation rates. Methylated PAHs, such as 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, were concentrated at intermediate depths, suggesting ongoing degradation processes and historical inputs. Phenolic and chlorobenzene compounds displayed relatively consistent concentrations across depths, indicating widespread anthropogenic influence. These results highlight the combined impact of natural and anthropogenic sources, including industrial discharges, shipping activities, and atmospheric transport, on the distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in the South China Sea. The study provides critical baseline data for understanding pollutant behavior in deep-sea environments and emphasizes the importance of targeted monitoring and effective management strategies to mitigate their ecological impacts. PRACTITIONER POINTS: PAHs and methylated PAHs - Concentrations vary with depth, suggesting diverse sources. Shallow waters -High anilines, phenols, and chlorobenzenes indicate recent inputs. Deeper waters - Complex PAHs persist, highlighting long-term ecological risks. Degradation - Methylated PAHs degrade uniquely, affecting health risk assessments. Management - Findings inform effective monitoring and mitigation of marine pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 5","pages":"e70073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}