Water Environment Research最新文献

{"title":"Integrating Regression and Boosting Techniques for Enhanced River Water Quality Monitoring in the Cauvery Basin: A Seasonal and Sustainable Approach.","authors":"G Gandhimathi, C Chellaswamy, T S Geetha, S A Arunmozhi","doi":"10.1002/wer.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study addresses a critical research gap in water quality monitoring, specifically within the Cauvery River basin, where substantial contamination poses significant risks to both human health and aquatic ecosystems. The paper introduces an effective and sustainable river water quality monitoring system, termed MLRMC-WQM (Multiple Linear Regression and Multi-class CatBoost-based Water Quality Monitoring). The system leverages Linear Regression to predict basic water quality parameters based on straightforward relationships, while CatBoost refines these predictions by capturing more complex, nonlinear relationships. Various sensors are integrated with a Raspberry Pi-5, which collects readings at regular intervals. The Raspberry Pi-5 is equipped with wireless communication modules to transmit real-time data to cloud servers, where the information is stored and processed. Cloud platforms provide scalability, security, and accessibility for efficient data management. By incorporating energy-efficient and scalable technologies, the system minimizes environmental impact while ensuring long-term sustainability. If the system detects abnormal levels of pollutants, turbidity, or other parameters, it triggers automated alerts via SMS, email, or app notifications. The effectiveness of the MLRMC-WQM model is assessed using regression metrics, including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), R-squared (R²), and Mean Squared Error (MSE) to assess the accuracy of parameter predictions, and classification metrics, such as accuracy, precision, and F1-score to evaluate the effectiveness of water quality categorization. A comparative analysis with three state-of-the-art methods demonstrates that the MLRMC-WQM model achieves a validation accuracy of 97.92%, outperforming the other methods. This study contributes a practical, technology-driven tool that bridges environmental science and decision-making. By enabling real-time, multi-faceted monitoring and promoting data-driven and timely interventions, the system supports sustainable water resource management, significantly enhancing efforts to conserve vital water resources and protect ecosystems. SUMMARY: A hybrid methodology has been proposed for effective river water quality monitoring. Real-time data collection has been conducted across multiple locations. Diverse water quality parameters have been measured and analyzed. Two distinct seasons have been analyzed to monitor water quality. The performance of MLRMC-WQM has been evaluated and compared with other machine learning techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proliferation of Resistance Genes in Wastewater Pipe Under Tetracycline and Cu Stress.","authors":"Aoxi Chen, Kunyu Liu, Xin Wu, Tianle Qi, Zhi Lv, Yi Lu, Yang Tao, Cuiyun Liu","doi":"10.1002/wer.70155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotics and heavy metals can accumulate in wastewater pipe, and they could affect the proliferation of resistance genes in pipe. This study investigated the effects of tetracycline (TC) and Cu stress on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sediments and the proliferation process and mechanism of typical antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in pipe. The results showed that TC and Cu induced microorganisms to secrete more tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) in sediments. Under the 20 days exposure of 10,000 μg/L TC, TB-EPS increased by 49.38% compared with that without TC. Under TC and Cu stress, microorganisms secreted more functional groups associated with proteins and polysaccharides, and the secondary structure of proteins (α-helix and β-sheet) was changed, which improved the stability and aggregation of cell structure. Under the single and combined stress of TC and Cu, the relative abundance of most resistance genes in the sediment of wastewater pipe increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). And TC and Cu stress increased the abundance of genes encoding for efflux pumps (tet(A), tet(G), copA, and copB) and promoted intl1-mediated horizontal gene transfer. This study could provide the theoretical basis for reducing the further spread of resistance genes in wastewater pipe.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Microplastic Pollution in Groundwater: Pathways, Health Implications and Solutions.","authors":"S B Sumam, Sneha Gautam, Prince Arulraj","doi":"10.1002/wer.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the last several decades, academic studies focused mainly on marine and surface water systems to understand Microplastics (MPs) as plastic particles that measure less than 5 mm. Recent studies indicate that MPs are infiltrating groundwater sources, serving as mankind's most crucial source of fresh water. This review investigates different natural and artificial paths by which MPs enter groundwater reserves through landfills, agricultural drainage, and water processing systems as well as old plastic distribution systems. The manuscript focuses on how MPs interact with subsurface environments while tracking their fundamental movement patterns and long-lasting presence that leads to water quality degradation and harms subsurface ecological systems and human wellness. This document highlights the urgent need for effective detection methods for MPs in groundwater, utilizing advanced spectroscopy techniques coupled with machine learning for identification. As global awareness of microplastic pollution rises, the lack of regulatory standards remains a significant challenge. The study stresses the importance of establishing standardized protocols and implementing policy interventions focused on sustainable groundwater management practices without delay. Future research is recommended to develop long-term monitoring systems and integrate high-resolution modeling along with ethical AI applications to address the escalating threats posed by MPs in groundwater environments. By identifying key research gaps, this study aims to guide advancements in sustainable and scalable microplastic identify cation and removal technologies, essential for mitigating their environmental and health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Rate Nitrification Using Submerged Aerated Filter at Different Temperatures.","authors":"Saquib Sarosh, Sreenivasan Ramaswami","doi":"10.1002/wer.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well-known that temperature influences biological nitrification process, and that biofilm reactors can tolerate lower temperatures better than suspended-growth systems. Numerous works have studied the effect of temperature (majorly 8°C-30°C) on nitrification in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and biological aerated filter (BAF). Fixed-bed biofilm rectors-including BAF and submerged aerated filter (SAF)-can offer 3-5 times higher volumetric nitrification rates than MBBRs. Due to lower vulnerability to clogging and backwashing requirements, SAF is attractive over BAF. However, the effect of temperature on nitrification in SAF has not been studied. In this work, a lab-scale nitrifying SAF was operated at volumetric ammonia loading rate (vALR) of about 1500 g N·m^-3·d^-1 (surface-specific ammonia loading rate, sALR ≈1.6 g N·m^-2·d^-1) over 9°C-30°C. Surface-specific ammonia and nitrite oxidation rates (sAOR ≈1.57 and sNOR ≈1.47 g N·m^-2·d^-1) did not vary significantly for temperatures from 15°C to 30°C. At 10°C, sAOR and sNOR had declined to about 1.19 and 0.92 g N·m^-2·d^-1, respectively. The developed sigmoid function could closely predict the temperature effect on sAOR (also reported in other studies on BAF and fixed-film reactor). The surface-specific nitrification rates achieved in this work are on par with the highest rates reported with BAFs and at least 2.5 times of MBBRs. This study shows that SAF could offer robust, efficient, and high-rate nitrification in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Water Quality Assessment of Distinct Dam in Ranchi, India.","authors":"Pintu Das, Abhijit Chatterjee","doi":"10.1002/wer.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fresh drinking water is required to prevent the waterborne diseases and to improve the water excellence. The water excellency's interpretation made for the quality assessment of two distinct surface water resources in Ranchi district. A significant number of individuals in Ranchi's urban region rely on the Dhurwa and Kanke dams for drinking water and other household necessities. The different distinct physicochemical parameters will help to identify sources of pollutant. The surface water samples have been collected from three distinct locations of Dhurwa and Kanke dams. The analytical assessment for physicochemical parameters have been made by using different instrument and IS: 3025 method. The found result shows that various physicochemical parameters of Dhurwa and Kanke dam water samples exist beyond the BIS permissible limit, and some are beyond prescribed limit of BIS. The statistical analysis has been made to assess the quality of water. In addition, the water quality index (WQI) for the three distinct sampling locations of Dhurwa dam is 64.53, 62.54, and 65.58, while the WQI for Kanke dam is 117.48, 119.97, and 99.76, respectively. The water sample from Dhurwa dam is of higher quality than that from Knake dam. Also, the correlation matrix variation observed for each parameter in which the effective change in each parameter shows in respect of other parameter. The current research was compared to previous studies, and certain parameters improved while others declined. From the results, it was found that water sample from Kanke's dam obtained poor quality compared to Dhurwa's dam. Agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, and inadequate wastewater treatment all have a negative impact on the water quality in the Kanke's dam studied region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Bioremediation via Biochar, Zeolite Nanocomposites for Water Quality Enhancement: A Review.","authors":"Shruti S Raut, Arpit Sharma, Abha Mishra","doi":"10.1002/wer.70151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of biochar-zeolite composite nanomaterials marks major advancement in wastewater treatment, offering an efficient and eco-friendly alternative to traditional remediation technologies. These hybrids combine the high surface area and functional groups of biochar derived from biomass pyrolysis with zeolite's superior ion-exchange capacity, thermal stability, and tunable porosity. While biochar shows promise for pollutant adsorption, its performance can be limited under high contaminant loads and challenging recovery. To overcome this, biochar is modified with nanomaterials to enhance surface properties, structural integrity, magnetic behavior, and catalytic functionality, enabling efficient pollutant removal and easier separation. Likewise, nanoscale zeolites excel at selectively removing heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. When integrated, these composites exhibit synergistic effects by coupling broad-spectrum adsorption with targeted ion exchange. Their biocompatibility and compatibility with microbial systems make them ideal for nanobioremediation. This review compiles key findings, recent advancements, and applications of biochar-zeolite nanocomposites to guide future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Antibiotic Contamination in Wastewater: Sources, Impacts, and Microbial Bioremediation Techniques.","authors":"Suppasin Thangrongthong, Boonyarut Ladda, Prattakorn Sittisom","doi":"10.1002/wer.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic contamination in water sources is a pressing environmental concern, as it fosters the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and disrupts ecological balance. This review explores major sources of antibiotic pollution, including municipal and hospital wastewater, pharmaceutical industry effluents, and livestock farm runoff. It also examines the impacts of antibiotic residues on human health and aquatic ecosystems. Microbial bioremediation using bacteria, fungi, and algae has emerged as a promising solution for degrading or transforming antibiotics into less harmful compounds through enzymatic and metabolic pathways. Additionally, advanced treatment technologies such as activated sludge, moving bed biofilm reactors, membrane bioreactors, sequencing batch reactors, constructed wetlands, and microbial fuel cells, along with genetic tools like engineered microorganisms and CRISPR-Cas9, have shown potential to enhance remediation efficiency. Integrating biological, physical, and chemical processes further improves treatment outcomes. This study provides insights into the mechanisms, environmental impacts, and mitigation strategies related to antibiotic contamination, supporting the development of sustainable technologies and improved wastewater management practices. SUMMARY: The contamination of water sources with antibiotics is a major environmental issue that can impact ecosystems and the health of living organisms. Wastewater from communities, hospitals, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and the livestock sector is a major source of antibiotic contamination in water sources. The contamination of water sources with antibiotics impacts human health and aquatic life, including microorganisms, aquatic animals, and algae. Antibiotic remediation in water sources can be achieved through the bioremediation process, utilizing microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. Advanced treatment technologies can be integrated with microbial bioremediation processes to enhance the efficiency of antibiotic removal from contaminated water sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spent Media Management Pathways for PFAS Treatment Applications.","authors":"Alison L Ling, Tiffany Stegner, Margaret Thompson, Sudhakar Viswanathan, Brian R Pinkard, Kathryn M Wolohan, Don E Richard, Anderson Ellis","doi":"10.1002/wer.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wer.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Removing PFAS from water is increasingly needed to comply with evolving regulations in multiple industries, including drinking water production, municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, and contaminated site remediation. This change is driving increased use of adsorptive media to remove PFAS from drinking water. Granular activated carbon (GAC) and anion exchange resin (AER) are the two predominantly applied media used to separate PFAS from water. Both technologies produce PFAS-laden spent media that requires downstream management, with significant operating costs and regulatory uncertainty. Once GAC or AER media is spent, it can be physically changed out from treatment vessels or regenerated in place. Spent media can be managed through existing offerings like incineration or GAC reactivation or through emerging offerings like supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). Spent regenerant can be recovered and reused, with concentrated PFAS-laden liquid managed through offsite incineration or emerging PFAS destruction methods. Both offsite GAC reactivation and onsite regeneration of either AER or GAC have the potential to reduce operating costs and energy use relative to single-use media procurement and disposal.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of RT-qPCR and RT-ddPCR on Assessing Model Viruses in Wastewater.","authors":"Wafa Youssfi, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1002/wer.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an increasing demand for quantifying viral loads in diverse wastewater systems using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study evaluates the performance of two commonly used workflows: reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) in wastewater. We compared the two methods by measuring a model virus, Pseudomonas phage Φ6 (Phi6) spiked in both real and synthetic wastewater samples. Real sewage was collected from various treatment stages at the Westside Wastewater Treatment Facility in Fayetteville, AR. Protocols, including PCR with and without RNA extraction from wastewater samples, were tested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically spike a model virus into wastewater collected from multiple treatment stages, enabling a comprehensive assessment of viral quantification across matrices with distinct physical and chemical characteristics. Findings reveal that both methods demonstrated similar performance for detecting high and medium viral loads. However, RT-ddPCR showed significantly greater sensitivity for low viral loads, reliably detecting trace levels of viral particles where RT-qPCR struggled with detection. RT-ddPCR measurement on extracted wastewater samples also demonstrated improved performance against inhibitors; however, its detection was more impacted by water quality for samples without RNA extraction. Although RT-ddPCR entails higher costs and longer processing time, its superior sensitivity and resilience to sample contaminants when used with RNA extraction underscore its value for precise viral monitoring in wastewater applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight Into Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Nitrogen Removal Performance: A Comparative Study on Denitrification and Anammox Under Anoxic Conditions.","authors":"Tan Tan, Yiming Yang, Xueying Wang, Tianxin Wu, Lingxin Zhang, Fengyuan Yu, Jiawei Li, Qianwen Sui, Meixue Chen, Yuansong Wei","doi":"10.1002/wer.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater treatment is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O). Denitrification acts both as a source of N₂O emissions and a sink for its reduction, but the direct measurement of N₂O reduction to N₂ remains a challenge. In this study, an assay method was developed to monitor GHG emissions by comparing denitrification and partial denitrification coupled with anammox (PD/A), with natural isotope analysis used to track N₂O transformation. The results showed that the PD/A process had a higher nitrogen removal rate and decreased N₂O emission by 94% compared to denitrification in the treatment of domestic sewage. Both PD/A and denitrification treatments exhibited similar CH₄ emission factors at 0.06%. In the tests of synthetic wastewater prepared with sodium acetate, both PD/A and denitrification treatments demonstrated a two-fold increase in NO₃ ^--N removal rates, along with a 67%-78% reduction in N₂O emissions and a 67%-83% reduction in CH₄ emissions. Isotope analysis of N₂O indicated that PD/A exhibited a higher ¹⁵N site preference and greater N₂O reduction rates compared to denitrification, contributing to N₂O mitigation. The synergy of denitrifiers (Denitratisoma and Dechloromonas) and anammox bacteria (Candidatus Brocadia) enhanced nitrogen removal rates and reduced N₂O emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 7","pages":"e70142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}