Vestnik otorinolaringologii最新文献

{"title":"[Etiologic features of nosocomial sinusitis].","authors":"A I Kryukov, A V Gurov, D S Cherkasov, A A Lapchenko, E A Teplykh, L A Grishina","doi":"10.17116/otorino20248905135","DOIUrl":"10.17116/otorino20248905135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents a study of the qualitative and quantitative structure of etiologically significant microorganisms received from patients with nosocomial sinusitis from intensive care units of multiprofile and infectious diseases hospitals.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative composition of the causative agents of nosocomial sinusitis and their sensitivity to antibacterial chemotherapy drugs in modern conditions.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>During the period 2022-2023, we selected 45 patients from 6 ICU based on a multidisciplinary hospital and 11 patients from the ICU based on an infectious profile hospital, who were diagnosed with nosocomial sinusitis based on anamnesis, clinical picture, and computed tomography results. The qualitative and quantitative composition of microorganisms in the discharge obtained during therapeutic and diagnostic puncture of the maxillary sinuses in all patients was studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results it was revealed that in the multidisciplinary hospital the following microorganisms were the most frequently detected in patients with nosocomial sinusitis: <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Ochrobactrum anthropi.</i> In patients with nosocomial sinusitis in the infectious diseases hospital the most frequently isolated were <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis</i>. Fungal microorganisms were isolated much less frequently than bacterial microorganisms in both hospitals and were represented only by <i>Candida albicans</i>. In the multiprofile hospital the isolated strains of bacterial microorganisms were characterized by multidrug resistance in 89% of cases, and in the infectious diseases hospital - in 91% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the treatment of patients with nosocomial sinusitis, it is necessary to adjust empirical antibiotic therapy based on individual results of a bacteriological study. In case of ineffectiveness of antibacterial therapy, it is possible to use personalized biotherapy with virulent bacteriophage preparations in addition to prescribed antibacterial chemotherapy drugs, which makes it possible to enhance the antimicrobial effect of the therapy due to the additive action of drugs of two groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"89 5","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiological features papillomatosis of the larynx in adults: a literature review].","authors":"A I Kryukov, S G Romanenko, A B Oteyami","doi":"10.17116/otorino20248902166","DOIUrl":"10.17116/otorino20248902166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The literature review presents current data on the epidemiology, drug, and surgical treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis in adults. Possible prospects for further study of the prevalence and incidence of the disease and provoking factors of recurrence of the disease for the development of possible preventive measures are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"89 2","pages":"66-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Features of otosurgery in children after blast injuries].","authors":"N S Grachev, I V Zyabkin, G A Polev, M P Kalinina, A M Magomedova","doi":"10.17116/otorino20248902110","DOIUrl":"10.17116/otorino20248902110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An explosion is a process that rapidly releases a huge amount of energy in the form of heat, kinetic energy, and high-pressure shock waves. Since the organ of hearing is most susceptible to pressure changes, damage to the sound-conducting or sound-receiving systems is inevitable in case of an explosive injury. This article examines the mechanism of formation of explosive injuries of the middle and inner ear in children and adolescents, the features of diagnosis and tactics of surgical reconstructive treatment of explosive ear injuries based on the data available in the scientific literature and their own experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"89 2","pages":"10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A case of acute purulent otitis media complicated by atypical mastoiditis on the background of an unverified HIV infection].","authors":"M V Komarov, V V Dvoryanchikov, S V Astashchenko, O I Goncharov, A A Valkova, E D Kuznetsova","doi":"10.17116/otorino20248902188","DOIUrl":"10.17116/otorino20248902188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the literature, acute otitis media is complicated by mastoiditis in 0.15-1% of cases. In turn, mastoiditis can be complicated by meningitis, encephalitis, abscess of temporal lobe of brain and cerebellum, epidural and subdural abscesses, facial nerve paresis, labyrinthitis, phlegmon of soft tissues of neck, as well as subperiosteal abscess, which makes 7% in the structure of mastoiditis complications. Nowadays, when doctors have a wide range of antibacterial preparations at their disposal, a complicated course of acute otitis media and further mastoiditis is caused both by an aggressive atypical infectious agent and immunocompromised status of a patient. The article deals with a clinical case of a prolonged course of acute otitis media complicated by mastoiditis and subperiosteal abscess against the background of outpatient courses of antibacterial therapy. The examination revealed an atypical pathogen of otitis media <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and HIV-positive status of the patient, previously unknown. Timely surgical intervention and the right combination of antibacterial drugs, meropenem and ciprofloxacin, prevented the development of intracranial and septic complications, despite the presence of multiple foci of bone destruction of the mastoid process and temporal bone pyramid, bordering the middle fossa and sigmoid sinus, according to multispiral head computed tomography. As a part of additional examination in the Center for AIDS and Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, the patient was diagnosed with HIV infection, clinical stage 4C, progressing phase on the background of absence of antiretroviral therapy, and the necessary amount of treatment was prescribed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"89 2","pages":"88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Adaptation for use In Russia of the extended odor identification Sniffin' Sticks test].","authors":"A V Varvyanskaya, G R Kaspranskaya, V V Kozlov","doi":"10.17116/otorino20248903136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20248903136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The psychophysical Sniffin' Sticks test, which includes an odor identification test, is the gold standard for assessing the sense of smell in clinical and scientific practice. A necessary requirement for the odor identification test is a close familiarity with the odors used by the inhabitants of the region in which it is used. We studied 77 healthy volunteers and 51 patients with olfactory dysfunction and we found that Russians are not familiar with the three smells from the test (licorice, turpentine and anise) and are completely unfamiliar with the one proposed alternative answer (chives). Moreover, four odors demonstrated very low recognition (less than 75%). The test has been adapted for the use In Russia. In the booklet, licorice is replaced by cough syrup, turpentine by paint thinner, and chives by bay leaf. For odors with low recognition (lemon, apple, pineapple), the alternative fruity odors in the booklet were replaced with more contrasting ones. Based on the data obtained, we are going to develop a domestic version of the odor identification test.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"89 3","pages":"36-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessment of the risk of hearing loss in children with cystic fibrosis].","authors":"D P Polyakov, N A Daikhes, M V Bazanova, Yu L Melyanovskaya","doi":"10.17116/otorino20248903129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20248903129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe hereditary disease with a multisystem lesion. Manifestations of CF include severe infectious purulent lesions of all parts of the respiratory tract, including purulent rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. The involvement of the sinonasal region and the need for systemic use of ototoxic drugs (primarily aminoglycosides to treat resistant bacterial infection) potentially create a risk of both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The available data on the epidemiology of hearing disorders in CF is contradictory. Currently, genetic determinants of the development of aminoglycoside SNHL have been identified.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>For 136 CF patients (75 girls, 61 boys) aged 3 to 17 (9.4±3.9) years were performed audiological examination: tympanometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emission and the pure tone threshold audiometry (standard frequency range) (<i>n</i>=126). History of systemic therapy with aminoglycosides was evaluated for each patient. Sequencing of c.35delG mutations in the <i>GJB2</i> gene (nuclear DNA) and A1555G in the <i>12S rRNA</i> gene (mitochondrial DNA) was performed in 215 patients with cystic fibrosis (the group partially overlaps with the audiological group), and as a control - 106 children with bronchial asthma and 103 healthy children, their age ranged from 3 to 17 (8.8±3.8) years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Audiological examination of CF children reveled a prevalence of conductive hearing loss comparable to the general population (2.4%). The frequency of SNHL was 1.6%, wich exceeds that of non-CF children. A genetic study revealed one case of heterozygous carriage of the c.35delG mutation in the <i>GJB2</i> gene in a patient with bronchial asthma. In the group of patients with CF (<i>n</i>=215), mutations in the connexin 26 gene were not detected. No A1555G mutation was detected either in the group of patients with CF or in the control groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with CF are at risk for the development of sensorineural, but not conductive hearing loss. Routine total screening for A1555G and c.35delG mutations probably seems not to be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"89 3","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The results of a 5-year clinical and epidemiological study of the National Program \"Chronic tonsillitis\"].","authors":"S A Artyushkin, Yu K Yanov, S V Ryazantsyev, N V Eremina, V K Artyushkina, S A Eremin","doi":"10.17116/otorino20248906128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20248906128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the epidemiological characteristics of chronic tonsillitis (ChT), the need for patients to undergo conservative and surgical treatment, and a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of conservative treatment of patients with chronic tonsillitis using Tonsilotren as monotherapy and in complex treatment. The study involved 999 otorhinolaryngologists from the outpatient network of 20 major Russian cities. The data of 74125 patients diagnosed with ChT were analyzed. A significant predominance of the compensated form of ChT has been established, among the types of decompensation - relapses of acute tonsillitis. The peculiarities of changes in the structure of ChT forms during the period of Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus infection have been established. The expediency of widespread implementation of active measures to identify patients with compensated form of ChT, to perform anti-relapse conservative treatment of ChT using the drug Tonsilotren based on criteria of its effectiveness (IMOS) and tolerability (IMPSS) has been proved.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"89 6","pages":"28-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative analysis of different types of tampons used after septoplasty, conchotomy of the inferior turbinates].","authors":"A I Kryukov, P L Chumakov, A S Tovmasyan, V V Yanovsky, A E Kishinevskii, N V Shvedov, V V Mosin, A V Artemyeva-Karelova","doi":"10.17116/otorino20248905116","DOIUrl":"10.17116/otorino20248905116","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In otorhinolaryngology, the question of improving the tactics of early postoperative management in patients who have undergone surgery on the structures of the nasal cavity remains open. The timing of rehabilitation, the possible outcome of postoperative inflammation of the mucous membrane and the patient's ability to work depend on the choice of tactics. The nasal cavity differs from other anatomical areas in its rich blood supply, and therefore the problem of adequate hemostasis in the early stages after undergoing surgical treatment is still extremely relevant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To study the methods of postoperative hemostasis and the degree of traumatization of the nasal mucosa when using various types of tamponade in patients who underwent septoplasty and sparing lower conchotomy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We operated on and examined 40 patients. The patients were divided into four groups: in patients of group 1 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=10), the operation was completed with nasal cavity tamponade with gauze swabs; in patients of group 2 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=10), nasal cavity tamponade was performed with Merocel tampons (Medtronic Xomed, Inc., USA); in patients of group 3 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=10) tamponade was performed with elastic finger tampons; for patients of group 4 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=10) tamponade was performed with filling hydrotampons. In the postoperative period, the severity of pain during nasal tamponade was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the volume of nasal blood loss during tampon removal, depending on the type of tamponade, the presence/absence of recurrent nosebleeds in the early postoperative period. To objectively assess the severity of the inflammatory reaction of the nasal mucosa against the background of tamponade, a cytological examination of smear prints from the surface of the tampon was performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The severity of pain was insignificant in patients of all four groups. The average VAS score in patients of group 1 (gauze tampons) was 0.94±0.16 points; group 2 (Merocel tampons) - 0.92±0.14 points; group 3 (elastic tampons) - 0.72±0.09 points; group 4 (filling hydrotampons) - 0.96±0.13 points (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The volume of blood loss after evacuation of gauze tampons and Merocel tampons was 114.3±35.1 ml and 140.1±22.2 ml, respectively, which exceeded the volume of blood loss when removing elastic tampons (30.4±13.1 ml) and hydrotampons (23.1±11.0 ml) by more than 80%; patients with intranasal elastic tampons and original hydrotampons with internal gluings had no recurrence of bleeding in the early postoperative period, unlike patients with tamponade with gauze turunds and Merocel; according to the results of cytological examination, more pronounced destructive changes in the ciliated epithelium were noted when using gauze turunds and Merocel tampons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In the first 24 hours after surgery, regardless of the type of tampons used, there was consisten","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"89 5","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Balloon dilation as an alternative to tracheotomy for acquired subglottic stenosis in children of the first year of life].","authors":"Yu L Soldatskiy, D N Nikitina, M M Polunin, S R Edgem, N L Krugovskaya, A S Subbotina","doi":"10.17116/otorino20248901110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20248901110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the efficacy and safety of balloon dilation as the first choice method in the treatment of children of the first year of life with acquired subglottic stenosis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of the treatment of 25 patients aged 27 days to 11 months of life (average age 5.3±3.76 months) with subglottic stenosis caused by prolonged intubation, in whom balloon dilation was the first method of treatment. Grade III Cotton-Myer stenosis was preoperatively detected in 22 children, the remaining 3 had grade II stenosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The success rate of balloon dilation was 100%; tracheotomy was not required in any case, the absence of stenosis during a follow-up examination in the catamnesis was recorded in 14 (56%) children, the remaining 11 (44%) had grade 0-I stenosis and did not cause respiratory disorders. In 1 child (1.5 years old), a subglottic cyst was removed after balloon dilation. One dilation was required in 18 (72%) children, two - in 5 (20%), three and four - respectively for 1 patient. If additional intervention was necessary, the operation was repeated 10 days - 3 months after the previous one. There were no postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Balloon dilation is a highly effective and safe alternative to traditional surgical interventions for acquired subglottic stenosis in children of the first year of life and can be recommended as a method of first choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"89 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics of lipid peroxidation processes and factors of the antioxidant defense system in chronic rhinitis].","authors":"O V Smirnova, N S Goncharova","doi":"10.17116/otorino20248901116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20248901116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The problem of chronic rhinitis (CR) remains unresolved in the world, while it has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Chronic forms of rhinitis suffer from 10-20% of the population, and its symptoms in epidemiological studies are noted in 40% of respondents. One of the leading mechanisms of disease occurrence is oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the state of the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in various types of chronic rhinitis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 50 patients with CR, of which 21 were with chronic allergic rhinitis (CALR), 20 with chronic vasomotor rhinitis (CVR), 9 with chronic atrophic rhinitis (CAR). The control group was represented by 50 practically healthy volunteers with no otorhinolaryngological complaints. The indicators of the LPO-AOD system in erythrocytes were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 7.0 software package (StatSoft, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all patients with CR in the blood erythrocytes, an increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) relative to the control group was found. With CAR, the most pronounced changes are determined, with CVR - minimal. In patients with CR, lipid peroxidation is activated, MDA increases by 1.29 times, by 1.37 times with CAR, and by 1.31 times with CALR relative to normal values. The activity of the antioxidant system decreases, which reflects the classical variant of inhibition of antioxidant enzymes: SOD is reduced by 1.08 times in CAR, by 1.07 times in CALR, and 1.04 times in CVR, CAT in CAR is reduced by 1.02 times; CALR by 1.02 times, with CVR by 1.01 times. The coefficient of oxidative stress with CVR is 1.36, with CAR is 1.5, with CALR is 1.42.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In CR, the predominance of pro-oxidant processes over antioxidant ones is revealed, a slight oxidative stress is detected, probably due to the presence of hypoxia and intoxication syndrome. An in-depth study of lipid peroxidation processes and factors of the antioxidant defense system, depending on the CR phenotype, can be used to correct therapy and prevent exacerbations, as well as markers of progression and prognosis of chronic rhinitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"89 1","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}