Vestnik otorinolaringologii最新文献

{"title":"[Immunotherapy in the treatment of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis with comorbid bronchial asthma].","authors":"E V Bezrukova, S A Artyushkin, E A Varyushina, A S Simbirtsev","doi":"10.17116/otorino20259001129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259001129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The leading factors in the pathogenesis of chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis (CRSwNP) are dysfunction of the epithelial barrier of the nasal and sinus mucosa and dysregulation of the immune system, both at the systemic and local levels. A Th2-mediated immune response plays a central role in the development of disease in patients with CRSwNP CRPS, and CRSwNP is often associated with bronchial asthma (BA). At the present time, for the conservative treatment of patients with CRSwNP+BA, preference is given to drug therapy aimed at the correction of mucosal immunity. The use of interferon α2β (IFN α2β) and the dipeptide γ-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan may reduce the severity of the long-term local inflammatory process. However, the clinical efficacy of these drugs in the context of chronic polyposis has not been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of topical application of recombinant IFN α2β, recombinant IFN α2β in combination with γ-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan and IL-4Rα receptor inhibitor in the treatment of patients with CRSwNP+BA. The patients were divided into three groups. In the first group (31 people), 1 million units of interferon alpha2b were injected into the polyposis tissue for five days. In the second group (31 people), interferon alpha2b at a dose of 1 million units and gamma-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan at a dose of 0.1 mg were injected into the polypous tissue for five days. To assess the dynamics of clinical symptoms in the reference group (31 people), a drug with a known mechanism of action and efficacy - a genetically engineered IL-4Rα receptor inhibitor - was used. This drug was used 300 mg once every 2 weeks subcutaneously for 1 year. The obtained results showed that recombinant IFN α2β in combination with γ-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan are pathogenetically appropriate preparations for conservative treatment of patients with the following initial indicators: severity of the polyposis process - 2.2+0.2 points, swelling - 2.8+0.4 points, and amount of discharge - 2.9+0.3 points. A single 5-day course of the above-mentioned preparations had a positive therapeutic effect, which was accompanied by a pronounced reduction in the clinical symptoms of the disease: the volume of polyposis tissue, nasal breathing difficulties and swelling of the nasal mucosa after one month and was maintained for one year. At the same time, the results of our study indicate the necessity of a longer period of application of recombinant IFN α2β in combination with γ-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan in patients with CRSwNP+BA. The data obtained were comparable to the corresponding indicators when using the IL-4Ra inhibitor. In our opinion, the mechanism of action of the preparations is associated with a decrease in the activity of inflammatory and proliferative processes in the nasal and sinus mucosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"90 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[On the issue of classification of vomer deformities in children].","authors":"A S Yunusov, E N Kotova","doi":"10.17116/otorino20259001135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259001135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous publications on the classification of the nasal septum deformity (deviation) are mainly related to the anterior septal parts and the development of this pathology in the adult population. None of the available classifications contain the detail of the vomer deformities, required to select an algorithm for subsequent doctor's actions, as well as considering the clinical and anatomical features of this zone in children with congenital choanal atresia (CCA) or in its isolated deformity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop the classification of the vomer's deformities variants based on an analysis of CT of the paranasal sinuses (PNSs) in children with CCA and isolated deformity of the vomer, determining the choice of tactical and technical surgical treatment options.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The classification is based on analysis of computed tomography of the PNSs of 334 children with CCA and isolated vomer deformity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The vomer displacement towards the injured side was observed in the unilateral form of choanal atresia, thus arcuate, angular and lateral vomer displacement was revealed in the coronal plane. The following variants of the vomer deformity have been identified in the assessment of axial plane: S-shaped displacement towards the atresia when unilateral or towards one of sides, angular displacement by the type of crista, uniform displacement towards atresia, hyperplasia of the vomer's posterior edge, splitting of the vomer. The proposed classification systematizes numerous variants of the vomer's deformities, defined in the axial and coronal planes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The classification is the basis of the algorithm for selecting technical options and methods of surgical treatment of patients with CCA, choanal stenosis and isolated vomer deformity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"90 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effectiveness of laser sculpture uvulopalatoplasty in the treatment of a patient with rhonchopathy and severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Clinical case].","authors":"V B Knyazkov","doi":"10.17116/otorino20259001175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259001175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Presentation of a clinical case of successful application of laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty in a patient with ronchopathy and severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The publication presents a clinical case of successful application of soft palate surgery - laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty - in a patient with ronchopathy and severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After performing this surgical intervention, the rehabilitation period proceeded without complications. A complete relief of the patient from night snoring and apnea has been achieved. The persistence of the obtained result and the absence of complications were noted for 5 or more years after the operation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This clinical observation indicates the effectiveness of the applied method of laser sculptural uvulopalatoplasty in a patient with ronchopathy and severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"90 1","pages":"75-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Speech intelligibility in a free sound field in normally hearing children aged 5-17 years].","authors":"E S Garbaruk, O K Gorkina, P V Pavlov, M Y Boboshko","doi":"10.17116/otorino2025900115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino2025900115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Speech audiometry plays an important role in the diagnostics of hearing-impaired people. Speech testing in children is possible from the age of 4-5 years when appropriate age and development speech material is selected. The efficiency of hearing aids or implants fitting is evaluated in a free sound field with the presentation of an acoustic stimulus through loudspeakers. The analysis of the results requires comparison with the data of normally hearing individuals received under the same testing conditions.</p><p><strong>The aim: </strong>Of this study is to obtain normative data for speech audiometry for children aged 5-17 years in a free sound field.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>74 normally hearing children aged 5-17 years were examined. Speech testing consisted of two parts (recognition of monosyllabic words and sentences, RuMatrix-test) and was performed in a free sound field in quiet and in noise. For children aged 5-10 years, phonetically balanced tables of monosyllabic words for children and the Simplified RuMatrix-test were used. For children aged 7-17 years, phonetically balanced tables of monosyllabic words for adults and the RuMatrix-test were used. Children were divided into age subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Normative data for speech audiometry in a free sound field were obtained for children aged 5-17 years. The need for the use of word tables developed for children in the age subgroup of 8 years and younger was shown. The noted difference in average speech recognition scores between different age subgroups, as well as between older children and adults, indicates the continuation of the maturation processes of the central auditory system in childhood and adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"90 1","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Meniere's disease and vestibular migraine: differential diagnostics and treatment].","authors":"N L Kunel'skaya, Z O Zaoeva, E V Bajbakova, M A Chugunova, N I Vasilchenko, S D Revazishvili","doi":"10.17116/otorino20259001157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259001157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article contains main information concerning Meniere's disease and vestibular migraine - two the most similar in clinical manifestations cochleovestibulopathies. It also examines the differences between them in the relation of audiological and vestibular manifestations, reflects the auditory and vestibular function according to the results of instrumental examination, in order to facilitate the differential diagnostics between the two disorders. Possible options and tactics for treating Meniere's disease and vestibular migraine are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"90 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pneumatization of the middle turbinate and chronic sinusitis: current state of the problem and review of surgical correction].","authors":"K E Klimenko, T A Aleksanyan, A S Tovmasyan, A E Kishinevsky, R D Makhmutov, V V Mosin, O E Malysheva","doi":"10.17116/otorino20259001169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259001169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Middle nasal concha is an anatomical component of the ethmoid bone, which is the most important reference during endoscopic interventions on the paranasal sinuses, as well as a structure that affects the middle nasal passage aerodynamics. Many practitioners take the view in their work that there is an inextricable connection between pathological changes of the middle nasal concha and risk of developing chronic sinusitis. This in turn determines its resection options, including in the case of bullous transformation. This literature review reveals that, despite the significant prevalence of bullous hypertrophy in patients with chronic sinusitis, none of the analyzed studies could reliably prove a direct relationship of changes in the middle nasal concha and development of chronic sinusitis. Partial resection of the middle nasal concha is a uniform solution if intraoperative correction is needed. This approach ensures the preservation of an important anatomical reference for subsequent interventions and contributes to reduction of the risk of such long-term complications of endoscopic sinus surgery as formation of the synechias, the nasofrontal pocket strictures and cicatrization of the ethmoid corridor.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"90 1","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The algorithm for clinical and audiological observation of children born preterm].","authors":"I V Savenko, E S Garbaruk, M Yu Boboshko","doi":"10.17116/otorino20259001120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259001120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Premature babies are at high risk of developing hearing dysfunction, which can affect all levels of the auditory system and disrupt the development of auditory, language, communicative, emotional, and social skills, thus impairing the child's overall quality of life. Hearing impairment in premature infants is presented in transient or intermittent forms of conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss, as well as sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders (ANSD). Auditory function characteristics include unstable hearing thresholds, the possibility of improvement up to complete normalization, less commonly delayed hearing loss, and the transformation of ANSD into SNHL and vice versa. The article presents a possible algorithm for clinical and audiological monitoring of children born prematurely from birth to 10 years old. It involves a two-stage newborn hearing screening within the first 1-2 months after birth and verification of the diagnosis by the time infants reach 3 months corrected age. If hearing loss are detected, children are examined up to the age of 2 years 3-4 times a year; children with initially verified normal hearing are examined 2-3 times in the first year of life, and then annually. Separately, there is an algorithm for diagnostic and habilitation intervention for children with ANSD. Attention is also drawn to the need to involve otolaryngologists for timely identification of conductive hearing loss and special education teachers, speech therapists for early diagnosis of central auditory processing disorders. Long-term monitoring of all aspects of auditory function in premature babies will allow for timely and high-quality diagnostic and (re)habilitation processes, minimizing the negative impact of hearing impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"90 1","pages":"20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A method for predicting the risk of intraoperative blood loss during tonsillectomy].","authors":"A I Kryukov, E V Nosulya, A S Tovmasyan, T A Aleksanyan, A A Golovatyuk, I V Rychkova, S R Ramazanov","doi":"10.17116/otorino20259001110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259001110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic tonsillitis remains a common problem among patients seeking an appointment with an otorhinolaryngologist. If there are signs of general intoxication or ineffectiveness of conservative treatment, it is recommended to remove the palatine tonsils as a source of chronic infection. However, due to the abundant blood supply to the palatine tonsils, surgery is associated with a high risk of intraoperative bleeding. The volume of intraoperative blood loss depends on the vascularization of the tonsils, the surgeon's experience and knowledge of the topographic and anatomical features of the operated area. A standard preoperative examination does not involve determining the anatomical boundaries of the palatine tonsils and their blood supply - parameters that affect the intensity of bleeding, and due to the different depth of the tonsils in the tonsillar niches, it is not possible to determine their true dimensions during pharyngoscopy. Modern research highlights the concept of «deep tonsils», when most of the tonsils are located behind the anterior palatine arch, which complicates their removal and increases the duration of the operation. In this study we research the effect of the depth of the tonsils and their vascularization on the volume of intraoperative blood loss. As a result, groups with varying degrees of risk of intraoperative bleeding were identified, depending on the anatomical characteristics of the palatine tonsils.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"90 1","pages":"10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Herbal medicine Sinupret extract in the treatment of acute rhinitis (nasopharyngitis) in senior school-age children (adolescents)].","authors":"E V Shabaldina, N A Abramova, A V Shabaldin","doi":"10.17116/otorino20259001143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259001143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The herbal medicine Sinupret extract has a pronounced effect on the inflammatory process in the respiratory tract and has found its application in the treatment of acute respiratory infections. At the same time, no clinical studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of this herbal medicine in the treatment of acute uncomplicated respiratory infections in senior school-age children (adolescents).</p><p><strong>The aim of the study: </strong>Was to study the effectiveness and safety of the herbal medicine Sinupret extract in the treatment of acute uncomplicated respiratory infections in senior school-age children (adolescents).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Two groups of adolescents with acute nasopharyngitis (J00) were formed. The main group included 30 adolescents aged 12-18 years who received the herbal medicine Sinupret extract together with the basic therapy. The comparison group included 30 adolescents aged 12-18 years who received only the basic therapy. Randomization by the appointment of the herbal medicine Sinupret extract was carried out by day of the week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of the herbal medicine Sinupret extract in combination therapy of acute nasopharyngitis in senior school-age children (adolescents) allows to reduce the febrile period of the disease, reduce the duration and frequency of decongestant use, significantly improve the well-being of patients in the form of reduced headache and facial pain, as well as nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"90 1","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Dermatological diseases predisposing to the development of otitis externa (literature review)].","authors":"A S Dvornikov, T A Gaydina, A I Kriukov, G B Shadrin, Yu D Munzalevskaya","doi":"10.17116/otorino20259001150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20259001150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Otitis externa is the most common diagnosis in the practice of an otorhinolaryngologist. Definitions of the term are not precise at the moment, and a universal generally accepted classification has not been developed. In a separate nosological group, otitis externa can be distinguished from the background of dermatological diseases. These patients need an interdisciplinary approach, joint supervision of otorhinolaryngologists and dermatovenerologists to increase the effectiveness of treatment and minimize the risks of chronic otitis. Severe complications of otitis externa are obstructive keratosis, fibrous atresia, and persistent conductive hearing loss. Diagnostic algorithms and therapeutic strategies for otitis externa should include the search and therapy of a background dermatological disease. At the moment, the tactics of managing patients suffering from otitis externa on the background of dermatological diseases continues to be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23575,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik otorinolaringologii","volume":"90 1","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143650984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}