Veterinary Record Open最新文献

{"title":"Approaches to standardising the magnetic resonance image analysis of equine tendon lesions.","authors":"Carla Ulrike Doll,&nbsp;Melanie Bohner,&nbsp;Dagmar Berner,&nbsp;Kathrin Buettner,&nbsp;Carolin Horstmeier,&nbsp;Karsten Winter,&nbsp;Janina Burk","doi":"10.1002/vro2.57","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained increasing importance to monitor equine tendon lesions. Comparing results between studies and cases is hampered, because image analysis approaches vary strongly. This study aimed to improve reliability, comparability and time efficiency of quantitative MRI image analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Induced tendon lesions were studied over a 24-week period with 10 follow-up MRI examinations. Signal intensities (SIs) of tendons, tendon lesions, cortical bone and background, as well as lesion cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were measured. Lesion SI standardisation with different formulas was evaluated, using histological findings as reference. Different types of region of interest (ROI) for lesion SI measurement were compared. Lesion CSA measurement at different levels was evaluated, using the calculated total lesion volume as reference. Subjective lesion identification and manual CSA and SI measurements were compared to an automated, algorithm-based approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lesion SI standardised using a quotient of lesion and background or cortical bone SI, correlated best with histologically determined lesion severity. Lesion SI in circular ROIs correlated strongly with lesion SI in free-hand whole-lesion ROIs. The level of the maximum lesion CSA shifted over time; the CSA maximum correlated strongly with lesion volume. In sequences with short acquisition time, algorithm-based automated lesion detection showed almost perfect agreement with subjective lesion identification. Automated measurement of CSA and SI was also feasible, with stronger correlation and better agreement with the manually obtained data for the SI than for the CSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study may provide guidance for MRI image analysis of tendon healing. Reliable image analysis can be performed time-efficiently, particularly regarding lesion SI quantification.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"e257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9950356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10794240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of racehorse limb radiographs using deep convolutional neural networks.","authors":"Raniere Gaia Costa da Silva, Ambika Prasad Mishra, Christopher Michael Riggs, Michael Doube","doi":"10.1002/vro2.55","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the capability of deep convolutional neural networks to classify anatomical location and projection from a series of 48 standard views of racehorse limbs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Radiographs (<i>N</i> = 9504) of horse limbs from image sets made for veterinary inspections by 10 independent veterinary clinics were used to train, validate and test (116, 40 and 42 radiographs, respectively) six deep learning architectures available as part of the open source machine learning framework PyTorch. The deep learning architectures with the best top-1 accuracy had the batch size further investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Top-1 accuracy of six deep learning architectures ranged from 0.737 to 0.841. Top-1 accuracy of the best deep learning architecture (ResNet-34) ranged from 0.809 to 0.878, depending on batch size. ResNet-34 (batch size = 8) achieved the highest top-1 accuracy (0.878) and the majority (91.8%) of misclassification was due to laterality error. Class activation maps indicated that joint morphology, not side markers or other non-anatomical image regions, drove the model decision.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deep convolutional neural networks can classify equine pre-import radiographs into the 48 standard views including moderate discrimination of laterality, independent of side marker presence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"e55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9194255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs illegally entering the UK (2015-2017).","authors":"Margaret A Fisher,&nbsp;Beth Rees,&nbsp;Colin Capner,&nbsp;Susie Pritchard,&nbsp;Peter A Holdsworth,&nbsp;Ronan A Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1002/vro2.54","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study involving non-compliant, seized dogs entering the UK surveyed endoparasites detected in faecal samples. A focus was placed on taeniid infection as the detection of these tapeworms acts as a marker for failure of effective tapeworm treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual faecal samples taken from 65 dogs over a 24-month period were examined for helminth eggs, for protozoal oocysts and cysts, using a centrifugal flotation technique. Any sample presenting positive results for taeniid eggs had residual faeces examined using polymerase chain reaction to aid speciation of the tapeworm eggs. Additionally, a Baermann technique was used to assess faeces for lungworm larvae.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patent endoparasite infection was detected in 27.7% of dog faecal samples. No sample was positive for lungworm larvae. Five dogs were co-infected with <i>Isospora</i> spp. and <i>Toxocara canis</i>. One dog sample was detected with taeniid eggs, identified as <i>Taenia serialis</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The taeniid-positive dog indicated that appropriate tapeworm treatment may not have occurred, reinforcing the risk to the UK of illegally imported dogs potentially introducing <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"10 1","pages":"e54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10539469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of choke (oesophageal obstruction) in 64 one-hump Dromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mohamed K Zabady, Turke Shawaf","doi":"10.1002/vro2.53","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Choke (oesophageal obstruction) is an important oesophageal disorder in large domestic animals. Published studies on choke in the dromedary camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) are few in number and deal with small number of cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-four camels with choke were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, King Faisal University. History, breed, age, sex, duration of obstruction and clinical signs were recorded. The diagnosis was established using examination with a stomach tube, oesophageal radiography and endoscopy. Choke was managed either by using alligator forceps guided endoscope or by cervical oesophagotomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Choke was recorded in camels less than 1 year old (84.38%) more than camels more than 1 year of age (15.62%) and complete obstruction more than partial. Most cases had obstruction involving the cervical oesophagus (96.87%). In the majority of obstructive masses, there were pieces of fabric (48.44%) and plastic bags (35.94%). Most obstructive masses were slightly radio-opaque (62.5%). Surgical and non-surgical managements were effective (91.3% and 94.44%, respectively) in resolving the choke.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Choke was most likely in animals less than 1 year of age with complete obstruction of the cervical oesophagus. Surgical and non-surgical methods were effective in resolving the choke in the dromedary camels. It was not practical to use forceps extraction in all adult camels due to the limited length of the alligator forceps.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"9 1","pages":"e53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9791241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10453730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative electrocardiographic study of the Asian freshwater box turtle <i>Cuora flavomarginata</i> and the Asian yellow pond turtle <i>Mauremys mutica</i> using non-invasive methods.","authors":"Chin-Chia Kuo, I-Ping Chan, Cheng-Hung Lai","doi":"10.1002/vro2.52","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluation of cardiac function is an integral part of clinical examination of chelonians. However, information about electrocardiography (ECG) in turtles and tortoises is limited and fragmentary. Its application is limited due to the lack of ECG reference values. This study aimed to compare specific ECG parameters using non-invasive methods in the Asian box turtle <i>Cuora flavomarginata</i> (CF) and the Asian yellow pond turtle <i>Mauremys mutica</i> (MM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 116 clinically healthy and conscious turtles. Two non-invasive methods, using adhesive patches or crocodile clips, for ECG were applied where possible. The ambient temperature was within the preferred optimum temperature zone of both species. We used specific digital ECG monitoring equipment to record the ECG data and analysed the data using specific software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MM group showed better ECG quality and lower heart rate than the CF group. Comparing both methods, the adhesive patches method yielded higher ECG quality in the CF group, while the crocodile clips method yielded higher ECG quality in the MM group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study population was selected as presumed healthy turtles; the presence of systemic or cardiac disease could not be excluded completely due to limited investigation. Both ECG methods were clinically potentially useful for obtaining ECG parameters; the ECG quality was influenced by the method used.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"9 1","pages":"e52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10361186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a targeted treatment strategy for the sustainable control of <i>Ascaridia galli</i> infections in laying hens.","authors":"Behdad Tarbiat,&nbsp;Désirée Seger Jansson,&nbsp;Johan Höglund","doi":"10.1002/vro2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vro2.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Ascaridia galli</i> is a widespread problem in cage-free egg production. Sustainable control of nematode infections is a key component in this sector. This study investigates the effect of a treatment strategy against <i>A. galli</i>, aiming to propose a guideline for anthelmintic use on commercial poultry farms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of eight flocks of laying hens (a-h) from five commercial poultry farms were included in this study. Faecal samples were collected on a biweekly basis starting at 7-13 weeks post-placement (WPP) and processed using the McMaster method to calculate ascarid egg shedding. Flocks were treated after the threshold of 200 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) was reached.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest initial faecal egg count was 6700 EPG at 11 WPP, whereas the lowest was 50 at 8 WPP. The longest delay to detect <i>A. galli</i> was 7 weeks. The lowest and the highest number of treatments were four and six, respectively. The shortest and longest periods between any two treatments were 5 and 22 weeks, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that monitoring for <i>A. galli</i> should start at approximately 7 WPP and should be repeated every 8 weeks until hens are 50 weeks old. Treatment should be given only if moderate to high faecal egg counts are observed. Treatments after this point may be repeated every 8 weeks without eventually performing a faecal test. These findings provide practical support to veterinarians and egg producers dealing with ascarid worm infection in laying hens in their production stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"9 1","pages":"e37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9152275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions and attitudes towards companion animal brain banking in pet owners: A UK pilot study","authors":"T. Cardy, Daniel Jewth‐Ahuja, A. Crawford","doi":"10.1002/vro2.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vro2.36","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Detailed analysis of archived brain tissue is fundamental to advancing the understanding of neurological disease. The development of the UK Brain Bank Network (UBBN) has provided an invaluable resource to facilitate such research in the human medical field. Similar resources are needed in veterinary medicine. However, collection and archiving of companion animal brain tissue is a potentially sensitive area for pet owners and veterinary professionals. Methods Using an online survey, we aimed to study pet owners’ perceptions of brain banking. The survey included information on respondents, their views on organ donation, the UBBN and the Royal Veterinary College's Companion Animal Brain Bank (RVC CABB). Results In total 185 respondents were included. The use of brain tissue from pets for research was supported by 87% of respondents, and 66% of respondents felt that they were highly likely or likely to donate their pet's brain tissue to a CABB. Furthermore, 94% felt that more information on tissue banking in companion animals should be readily available. Conclusions We found that the perceptions of companion animal brain banking were positive in our respondents. Open dialogue and clear information provision on the process and benefits of the CABB could enhance awareness and thus facilitate brain donation for translational research.","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44997887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and management of arrhythmias in dogs: A cross‐sectional online survey among Flemish veterinary practitioners","authors":"A. Hellemans, Mark Schittekatte, Marc Covents, P. Smets","doi":"10.1002/vro2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vro2.35","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Diagnosis as well as management of arrhythmias in dogs can be challenging for veterinary practitioners. The aim was to describe ECG availability and use, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic experiences and preferences of Flemish veterinarians regarding cardiac arrhythmias in dogs. Methods Cross‐sectional online survey among veterinarians in Flanders (Belgium). Results An ECG device was available for 55 out of 102 respondents (54%) and 41 (43%) claimed to use it in case of arrhythmia suspicion. Insufficient knowledge about ECG interpretation and immediate patient referral upon detection of an abnormal heart rhythm were the most important reasons for not having, or not using, an ECG. About half of the respondents (56%) had never used anti‐arrhythmic drugs in dogs, although only a few reported having had a negative experience. Frequently provided reasons for not using anti‐arrhythmic drugs included insufficient knowledge and a low number of dogs with arrhythmias. Conclusion Most veterinarians reported having little or no expertise with arrhythmias in dogs. Electrocardiogram availability and use among respondents was moderate and too often restricted by insufficient ECG interpretation skills. Continued efforts are needed to increase the confidence and knowledge of veterinarians about arrhythmias in dogs.","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restrictive but not restricted: Perspectives on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance among Swedish dairy veterinarians.","authors":"Hedvig Gröndal, Nils Fall, Isabel Blanco-Penedo, Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin","doi":"10.1002/vro2.25","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>In Europe, the antimicrobial use (AMU) for food-producing animals has decreased rapidly. However, studies indicate that a too strict policy, with too restrictive AMU, is potentially problematic for veterinarians because it threatens animal welfare and creates tensions between farmers and veterinarians. The AMU in Sweden is among the lowest in Europe, and regulation of AMU in farm animals is strict. The aim of our study was to explore how Swedish veterinarians describe the relations between (1) being restrictive with antibiotics due to the risk of AMR and (2) concerns for animal welfare and/or the veterinarian-client relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews with 21 veterinarians, working with dairy cattle, were performed. The transcripts were analysed, and a number of dominant patterns which recurred in all, or most of, the interviews were identified.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The interviewed veterinarians described AMR prevention and tackling the threat AMR poses towards public health, as central for their profession and as influencing their everyday practice and decisions on AMU. Importantly, veterinarians described accounting for AMR in everyday practice as fairly unproblematic, both in relation to animal welfare as well as in relation to farmers. The veterinarians generally perceived that they could treat animals with antibiotics when justified, and being restrictive with antibiotics was described as an expression of professional skill and not as challenging as animal welfare. Moreover, they stated that restrictive AMU seldom or never caused conflicts with farmers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Strict AMU policy and restrictive AMU do not necessarily put veterinarians in a problematic position where they are caught between conflicting demands and risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"8 1","pages":"e25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8711788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39664879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of the roter interaction analysis system in assessing veterinary student clinical communication skills during equine wellness examinations in rural Kentucky, USA: A pilot study.","authors":"Mary Mauldin Pereira, Elpida Artemiou, Pedro De Pedro, Cindy Adams, Caroline Ritter","doi":"10.1002/vro2.23","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective clinical communication can aid veterinarians in building good client relationships, increase adherence to recommendations and, ultimately, improve patient health and welfare. However, available information on veterinary communication in the equine context is limited. The objective of this study was to describe the communication of veterinary students in the equine environment who had previous communication training. Additionally, we assessed the suitability of the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) for the analysis of audio-video recordings of equine wellness consultations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven equine wellness consultations performed by second-year Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine students were recorded in rural Kentucky, United States of America. Recordings were submitted to a professional coder who applied the RIAS to the equine context by expanding or adjusting code definitions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A substantial amount of utterances (i.e. segments of speech) were allocated to core communication skills including building rapport (30%), facilitation and client activation (24%) and education and counselling (23%). There was a large variation in utterances used among consultations of the same veterinary student and students; they did not appear anxious or nervous.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Students made use of core communication skills, indicating that experiences from pre-clinical training could be transferred to equine practice. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the RIAS could be considered for consecutive studies aiming to provide observational data on clinical communication in the equine context.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"8 1","pages":"e23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8612452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39684279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}