Veterinary Record Open最新文献

{"title":"Approaches to standardising the magnetic resonance image analysis of equine tendon lesions.","authors":"Carla Ulrike Doll,&nbsp;Melanie Bohner,&nbsp;Dagmar Berner,&nbsp;Kathrin Buettner,&nbsp;Carolin Horstmeier,&nbsp;Karsten Winter,&nbsp;Janina Burk","doi":"10.1002/vro2.57","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained increasing importance to monitor equine tendon lesions. Comparing results between studies and cases is hampered, because image analysis approaches vary strongly. This study aimed to improve reliability, comparability and time efficiency of quantitative MRI image analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Induced tendon lesions were studied over a 24-week period with 10 follow-up MRI examinations. Signal intensities (SIs) of tendons, tendon lesions, cortical bone and background, as well as lesion cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were measured. Lesion SI standardisation with different formulas was evaluated, using histological findings as reference. Different types of region of interest (ROI) for lesion SI measurement were compared. Lesion CSA measurement at different levels was evaluated, using the calculated total lesion volume as reference. Subjective lesion identification and manual CSA and SI measurements were compared to an automated, algorithm-based approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lesion SI standardised using a quotient of lesion and background or cortical bone SI, correlated best with histologically determined lesion severity. Lesion SI in circular ROIs correlated strongly with lesion SI in free-hand whole-lesion ROIs. The level of the maximum lesion CSA shifted over time; the CSA maximum correlated strongly with lesion volume. In sequences with short acquisition time, algorithm-based automated lesion detection showed almost perfect agreement with subjective lesion identification. Automated measurement of CSA and SI was also feasible, with stronger correlation and better agreement with the manually obtained data for the SI than for the CSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study may provide guidance for MRI image analysis of tendon healing. Reliable image analysis can be performed time-efficiently, particularly regarding lesion SI quantification.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9950356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10794240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of racehorse limb radiographs using deep convolutional neural networks.","authors":"Raniere Gaia Costa da Silva, Ambika Prasad Mishra, Christopher Michael Riggs, Michael Doube","doi":"10.1002/vro2.55","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the capability of deep convolutional neural networks to classify anatomical location and projection from a series of 48 standard views of racehorse limbs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Radiographs (<i>N</i> = 9504) of horse limbs from image sets made for veterinary inspections by 10 independent veterinary clinics were used to train, validate and test (116, 40 and 42 radiographs, respectively) six deep learning architectures available as part of the open source machine learning framework PyTorch. The deep learning architectures with the best top-1 accuracy had the batch size further investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Top-1 accuracy of six deep learning architectures ranged from 0.737 to 0.841. Top-1 accuracy of the best deep learning architecture (ResNet-34) ranged from 0.809 to 0.878, depending on batch size. ResNet-34 (batch size = 8) achieved the highest top-1 accuracy (0.878) and the majority (91.8%) of misclassification was due to laterality error. Class activation maps indicated that joint morphology, not side markers or other non-anatomical image regions, drove the model decision.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deep convolutional neural networks can classify equine pre-import radiographs into the 48 standard views including moderate discrimination of laterality, independent of side marker presence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9884469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9194255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs illegally entering the UK (2015-2017).","authors":"Margaret A Fisher,&nbsp;Beth Rees,&nbsp;Colin Capner,&nbsp;Susie Pritchard,&nbsp;Peter A Holdsworth,&nbsp;Ronan A Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1002/vro2.54","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study involving non-compliant, seized dogs entering the UK surveyed endoparasites detected in faecal samples. A focus was placed on taeniid infection as the detection of these tapeworms acts as a marker for failure of effective tapeworm treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual faecal samples taken from 65 dogs over a 24-month period were examined for helminth eggs, for protozoal oocysts and cysts, using a centrifugal flotation technique. Any sample presenting positive results for taeniid eggs had residual faeces examined using polymerase chain reaction to aid speciation of the tapeworm eggs. Additionally, a Baermann technique was used to assess faeces for lungworm larvae.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patent endoparasite infection was detected in 27.7% of dog faecal samples. No sample was positive for lungworm larvae. Five dogs were co-infected with <i>Isospora</i> spp. and <i>Toxocara canis</i>. One dog sample was detected with taeniid eggs, identified as <i>Taenia serialis</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The taeniid-positive dog indicated that appropriate tapeworm treatment may not have occurred, reinforcing the risk to the UK of illegally imported dogs potentially introducing <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9832338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10539469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of choke (oesophageal obstruction) in 64 one-hump Dromedary camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Mohamed K Zabady, Turke Shawaf","doi":"10.1002/vro2.53","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Choke (oesophageal obstruction) is an important oesophageal disorder in large domestic animals. Published studies on choke in the dromedary camel (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) are few in number and deal with small number of cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-four camels with choke were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, King Faisal University. History, breed, age, sex, duration of obstruction and clinical signs were recorded. The diagnosis was established using examination with a stomach tube, oesophageal radiography and endoscopy. Choke was managed either by using alligator forceps guided endoscope or by cervical oesophagotomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Choke was recorded in camels less than 1 year old (84.38%) more than camels more than 1 year of age (15.62%) and complete obstruction more than partial. Most cases had obstruction involving the cervical oesophagus (96.87%). In the majority of obstructive masses, there were pieces of fabric (48.44%) and plastic bags (35.94%). Most obstructive masses were slightly radio-opaque (62.5%). Surgical and non-surgical managements were effective (91.3% and 94.44%, respectively) in resolving the choke.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Choke was most likely in animals less than 1 year of age with complete obstruction of the cervical oesophagus. Surgical and non-surgical methods were effective in resolving the choke in the dromedary camels. It was not practical to use forceps extraction in all adult camels due to the limited length of the alligator forceps.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9791241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10453730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative electrocardiographic study of the Asian freshwater box turtle <i>Cuora flavomarginata</i> and the Asian yellow pond turtle <i>Mauremys mutica</i> using non-invasive methods.","authors":"Chin-Chia Kuo, I-Ping Chan, Cheng-Hung Lai","doi":"10.1002/vro2.52","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluation of cardiac function is an integral part of clinical examination of chelonians. However, information about electrocardiography (ECG) in turtles and tortoises is limited and fragmentary. Its application is limited due to the lack of ECG reference values. This study aimed to compare specific ECG parameters using non-invasive methods in the Asian box turtle <i>Cuora flavomarginata</i> (CF) and the Asian yellow pond turtle <i>Mauremys mutica</i> (MM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 116 clinically healthy and conscious turtles. Two non-invasive methods, using adhesive patches or crocodile clips, for ECG were applied where possible. The ambient temperature was within the preferred optimum temperature zone of both species. We used specific digital ECG monitoring equipment to record the ECG data and analysed the data using specific software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MM group showed better ECG quality and lower heart rate than the CF group. Comparing both methods, the adhesive patches method yielded higher ECG quality in the CF group, while the crocodile clips method yielded higher ECG quality in the MM group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study population was selected as presumed healthy turtles; the presence of systemic or cardiac disease could not be excluded completely due to limited investigation. Both ECG methods were clinically potentially useful for obtaining ECG parameters; the ECG quality was influenced by the method used.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9732382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10361186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a targeted treatment strategy for the sustainable control of <i>Ascaridia galli</i> infections in laying hens.","authors":"Behdad Tarbiat,&nbsp;Désirée Seger Jansson,&nbsp;Johan Höglund","doi":"10.1002/vro2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vro2.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Ascaridia galli</i> is a widespread problem in cage-free egg production. Sustainable control of nematode infections is a key component in this sector. This study investigates the effect of a treatment strategy against <i>A. galli</i>, aiming to propose a guideline for anthelmintic use on commercial poultry farms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of eight flocks of laying hens (a-h) from five commercial poultry farms were included in this study. Faecal samples were collected on a biweekly basis starting at 7-13 weeks post-placement (WPP) and processed using the McMaster method to calculate ascarid egg shedding. Flocks were treated after the threshold of 200 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) was reached.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest initial faecal egg count was 6700 EPG at 11 WPP, whereas the lowest was 50 at 8 WPP. The longest delay to detect <i>A. galli</i> was 7 weeks. The lowest and the highest number of treatments were four and six, respectively. The shortest and longest periods between any two treatments were 5 and 22 weeks, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that monitoring for <i>A. galli</i> should start at approximately 7 WPP and should be repeated every 8 weeks until hens are 50 weeks old. Treatment should be given only if moderate to high faecal egg counts are observed. Treatments after this point may be repeated every 8 weeks without eventually performing a faecal test. These findings provide practical support to veterinarians and egg producers dealing with ascarid worm infection in laying hens in their production stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9152275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-of-life decision-making of dairy cattle and calves: A survey of British farmers and veterinary surgeons.","authors":"Joseph M Neary, Cherry Bedford, Robert F Smith","doi":"10.1002/vro2.51","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aim was to characterise issues faced by farmers and veterinary surgeons when making end-of-life decisions for dairy cattle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online surveys were distributed to British dairy farmers and veterinary surgeons for 20 weeks from November 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 83 responses (37 farmers, 46 veterinary surgeons). Among youngstock, the risk of unassisted/natural death (2.6% ± 0.3%) was almost double the risk of euthanasia (1.4% ± 0.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.003). The opposite, however, was true in the milking herd: the risk of euthanasia (2.3% ± 0.3%) was greater than unassisted/natural death (1.6% ± 0.2%; <i>p</i> = 0.05). A fallen stock collector (62%) typically performed euthanasia and most farms (66%) did not have anyone trained to perform euthanasia. Most deaths within the milking herd were attributed to 'unknown or not recorded' (median 15% of deaths). The factors that farmers most frequently reported as strongly influencing their decision of when to euthanase an animal relative to the onset of disease were 'failure to respond to treatment' (89%), 'veterinary advice' (89%) and 'severity of disease' (88%). On average, veterinarians had moderate or high confidence that 60% of dairy farm clients 'are performing euthanasia in a timely manner so as to prevent unnecessary suffering'. Veterinary surgeons had variable agreement on the time to euthanasia for various conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The survey highlighted end-of life decision-making successes and areas for improvement on dairy farms. An evidence-based, decision-support framework may help end-of-life decision-making, particularly for complex diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9695751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional quality of life among Spanish veterinarians.","authors":"Patricia Macía, Olatz Goñi-Balentziaga, Oscar Vegas, Garikoitz Azkona","doi":"10.1002/vro2.50","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Spain, the perceived professional quality of life among veterinarians has not been explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Veterinarians were invited to complete an online questionnaire in which they answered the Professional Quality of Life scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Participants were asked whether they were receiving psychological therapy or were taking anxiolytics, hypnotics or antidepressant medication. Alcohol consumption was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström test; participants were asked whether they took illegal drugs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample comprised a total of 602 veterinarians, most of whom reported average levels of compassion satisfaction, secondary stress trauma and burnout. Emotional support and mental wellbeing influenced participants' professional quality of life. The percentage of veterinarians in psychological therapy and/or taking anxiolytics was higher than in the general population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A considerable number of clinical veterinarians in Spain may be suffering from work-related stress. Our study identifies salary, emotional support and mental wellbeing as important factors that affect the professional quality of life. Interventions to improve veterinary clinicians' professional quality of life should therefore focus on these factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9677367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40721599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender discrimination of veterinary students and its impact on career aspiration: A mixed methods approach.","authors":"Katie Freestone, John Remnant, Erica Gummery","doi":"10.1002/vro2.47","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As the veterinary profession has become feminised, gender discrimination and its effects have been documented in practicing veterinary surgeons. However, research on gender discrimination experienced by veterinary students and its effects on recruitment and retention remains limited. This study aimed to increase understanding of veterinary students' experiences of gender discrimination and its impact on their career aspirations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire including statements with Likert-style response options and free-text questions was distributed to students studying veterinary medicine and science at a UK veterinary school in September 2020 (28% response rate). Two focus groups were carried out following the questionnaire to gain a deeper insight into student experiences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gender discrimination in a veterinary setting had been experienced by 34% of respondents, the majority (77%) on animal husbandry placements. Female students were more likely to report that their experiences of gender discrimination affected their career aspirations. Seven themes were identified from both the questionnaire and focus group data: stereotyping of certain fields, gender inequality on placements, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex, plus (LGBTQI+) community, encouraging reporting behaviours, barriers to reporting, education and the placement allocation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted that gender discrimination was prevalent during animal husbandry placements, although reporting was infrequent and perceived negatively by students. Recommendations on how veterinary schools and the wider veterinary profession can support veterinary students are made as an outcome of this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9624077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40664035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomised trial evaluating chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy and a novel monoclonal antibody for canine T-cell lymphoma: A multicentre US study.","authors":"Margaret L Musser, Craig A Clifford, Philip J Bergman, Laura S Treml, Lydia C Cook McAnulty, Elizabeth A McNiel, Chad M Johannes","doi":"10.1002/vro2.49","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine peripheral nodal T-cell lymphoma is considered chemotherapy resistant and carries a relatively poor prognosis. Prospective evaluations reporting the impact of chemotherapy on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival time for dogs with T-cell lymphoma are lacking. This study examined the impact of L-CHOP (L-asparaginase, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy or L-CHOP in combination with AT-005, a US Department of Agriculture-licensed caninised monoclonal antibody, on PFS and response rates in dogs with clinical intermediate- and high-grade peripheral nodal T-cell lymphoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, investigator- and owner-blinded, multicentre study was completed. All dogs received a 19-week L-CHOP chemotherapy protocol with randomisation (1:1) into placebo or AT-005 groups. Response was evaluated via the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group criteria for canine lymphoma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine dogs were enrolled (25 received placebo and 24 received AT-005). Most demographic factors were similar between the two groups, with the exception that more dogs with stage IV and V disease were treated with AT-005 (34% vs. 8%; <i>p</i> = 0.03). Median PFS was 103 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 56-118) in the placebo group versus 64 days (95% CI, 36-118) in the AT-005 group. The overall response rate (ORR) for all dogs was 98% (48 of 49); complete response rate in the placebo group (64%) was not different from the AT-005 group (67%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first prospective study to document that treatment with L-CHOP chemotherapy, with or without AT-005, may result in a high ORR, but relatively brief PFS in dogs with clinical intermediate- and high-grade T-cell lymphoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9624070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40664034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}