Veterinary Record Open最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the Suissano Health Programme on antimicrobial usage on 291 pig farms in Switzerland.","authors":"Thomas Echtermann, Cedric Müntener, Xaver Sidler, Dolf Kümmerlen","doi":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000389","DOIUrl":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2015, in Switzerland the Suissano Health Programme was implemented in pig production to improve transparency for antimicrobial usage (AMU) and to reduce the usage of fluoroquinolones (FQ), macrolides and cephalosporins, representing highest priority critically important antimicrobials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the presented cohort study, the impact of the Suissano programme on the AMU of 291 pig farms between 2016 and 2017 was investigated. AMU was calculated in total numbers of defined course doses (nDCDch) for all farms in the programme. For each single farm the nDCDch/animal/year was determined for four different age categories (suckling piglets, weaned piglets, fattening pigs, sows) as well as each antimicrobial substance separately. Trends between 2016 and 2017 were investigated for all farms as well as the 25 per cent with the highest usage of antimicrobials (high users) separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total AMU measured in nDCDch declined by 23 per cent between 2016 and 2017, but statistically significant differences could not be observed when comparing the data sets of the individual farms. A significantly reduced usage of FQ could be demonstrated in suckling piglets (P=0.003), weaned piglets (P=0.006) and sows (P=0.008) in 2017 compared with 2016. For high users, a significant reduction of total AMU could be shown in suckling piglets (P=0.02), weaned piglets (P=0.0004) and fattening pigs (P=0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated a significant reduction in the usage of FQs in suckling piglets, weaned piglets and sows as well as total AMU in suckling piglets, weaned piglets and fattening pigs on high-usage farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/73/vetreco-2019-000389.PMC7326250.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38119906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic and allelic frequencies of <i>MDR1</i> gene in dogs in Italy.","authors":"Stefano Paolo Marelli,&nbsp;Michele Polli,&nbsp;Stefano Frattini,&nbsp;Matteo Cortellari,&nbsp;Rita Rizzi,&nbsp;Paola Crepaldi","doi":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A mutation in the canine multidrug resistance <i>MDR1</i> gene (also referred as <i>ABCB1</i>), encoding for the multidrug resistance (<i>MDR</i>) P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transponder, causes a pathological condition known as 'ivermectin toxicosis'. The causative mutation, known since 2001, has been described to affects sheep herding breeds related to collie lineage. The present study is a retrospective investigation of the presence of <i>MDR1</i> mutated allele in Italian dog populations in a 5 years' time lapse. The aim of the research is to offer a deep knowledge in <i>MDR1</i> allelic and genotypic frequencies in canine breeds and populations raised in Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genotype data for the 4-bp deletion (c296_299del4) in <i>MDR1</i> gene from 811 dogs belonging to 32 breeds/populations were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mutated allele has been found in 9 out of 31 breeds: Rough Collie, Smooth Collie, Border Collie, Bearded Collie, Shetland Sheepdog, Australian Shepherd, White Swiss Shepherd, Old English Sheepdog, Whippet and also in crossbreed. The breeds with the highest allelic mutation frequency are Smooth and Rough Collies with 75 per cent and 66 per cent of mutant <i>MDR1</i> allele, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results support the usefulness of this genetic analysis to optimise medical care in dogs at risk of multidrug resistance and to create an objective basis in breeding programme definition and in the risk evaluation in different breeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38113856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial prescriptions and adherence to prudent use guidelines for selected canine diseases in Switzerland in 2016.","authors":"Bérénice Lutz,&nbsp;Claudia Lehner,&nbsp;Kira Schmitt,&nbsp;Barbara Willi,&nbsp;Gertraud Schüpbach,&nbsp;Meike Mevissen,&nbsp;Ruth Peter,&nbsp;Cedric Müntener,&nbsp;Hanspeter Naegeli,&nbsp;Simone Schuller","doi":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing problem in human and veterinary medicine and is closely linked to the use of antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to describe antimicrobial prescriptions for selected canine diseases in Switzerland during 2016.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dogs presented to two university hospitals and 14 private practices for acute diarrhoea (AD; n=371), suspected or confirmed urinary tract infections (UTIs; n=245), respiratory tract infections (RTIs; n=274) or wound infections (WIs; n=175) were included. Clinical history, diagnostic work-up and antimicrobial prescription (class, dosage and duration) were retrospectively assessed. A justification score was applied to evaluate appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy based on available national and international consensus guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antimicrobials were prescribed in 65 per cent of dogs with AD, 88 per cent with UTI, 62 per cent with RTI and 90 per cent with WI. The most prescribed antimicrobial classes (monotherapy and combination therapy) were potentiated aminopenicillins (59 per cent), nitroimidazoles (22 per cent), non-potentiated aminopenicillins (16 per cent) and fluoroquinolones (13 per cent). Overall, 38 per cent (95 per cent CI 0.35 to 0.41) of the prescriptions were in accordance with consensus guidelines. In dogs with AD, antimicrobial therapy was associated with the presence of haemorrhagic diarrhoea (P<0.05) and complied in 32 per cent with consensus guidelines, which recommend antimicrobial treatment only when sepsis is suspected. A bacterial aetiology was confirmed via culture and/or sediment examination in 36 per cent of dogs with suspected UTI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, adherence to consensus guidelines was poor both, at university hospitals and private practices. Antimicrobial stewardship measures are therefore needed to improve prudent use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37761973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miR-106B-25 Cluster expression: a comparative human and canine osteosarcoma study.","authors":"Leonardo Leonardi,&nbsp;Maria Serena Benassi,&nbsp;Serena Pollino,&nbsp;Carmen Locaputo,&nbsp;Laura Pazzaglia","doi":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in dogs and human beings, characterised by similar genetic and clinical features. With the aim to define similarities and differences in the biological aspects involved in OS progression, a comparative study was performed to create a model to improve patient outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) belonging to the cluster miR-106b-25 (miR-106b, miR-25 and miR-93-5p) in human and canine OS tissue was compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-25 and miR-106b presented a variable expression not significantly different from the corresponding normal bone, while miR-93-5p expression was increased in all OS specimens, with higher levels in the canine subset compared with human. Accordingly, its target p21 presented a weaker and less homogeneous immunostaining distribution in the canine group. Given the high expression of miR-93-5p in all OS specimens, the functional response of human 143B and canine DAN OS cells to miRNA inhibition was evaluated. Although p21 expression increased after miR-93-5p inhibition both at mRNA and protein level, a more significant cell response in terms of proliferation and apoptosis was seen in canine OS cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, canine OS tissue and cell line presented higher expression levels of miR-93-5p than human OS. In addition, the introduction of miR-93-5p inhibitor caused a cell response in 143B and DAN that differed for the more intense functional impact in the canine OS cell line.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37761900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between expression pattern of vitamin D receptor, 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine RANTES genes and selected serum parameters during transition period in Holstein dairy cows.","authors":"Hala A R Saed,&nbsp;Hussam M M Ibrahim,&nbsp;Sabry A El-Khodery,&nbsp;Mohamed A Youssef","doi":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) enzyme and chemokine regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in peripheral blood of Holstein dairy cows during transition period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 16 Holstein dairy cows at 3 weeks prior expected date of delivery (EDD), at the day of parturition, and 3 weeks post-partum for assessment of expression profile of studied genes using real-time PCR and measurement of glucose, ionized calcium (Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH), inorganic phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and magnesium (Mg) levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with 3 weeks prior EDD, VDR gene expression decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The genetic expression of 1α-OHase enzyme as well as PTH, K, Na and Cl levels increased significantly at the day of parturition. The Ca level decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The P level increased significantly at the day of parturition then decreased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. Glucose level decreased significantly at the day of parturition and at 3 weeks post-partum. RANTES gene expression showed non-significant changes among the three different time points. The expression of VDR gene had a negative correlation with the expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene, and serum levels of glucose, PTH, P and K, but had a positive correlation with the serum Ca level. The expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene had a positive correlation with serum levels of PTH, P and K, but had a negative correlation with the serum Ca level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results of the current study indicate the importance of monitoring the genetic expression of VDR and 1α-OHase enzyme as indicators of metabolic changes during transition period, suggesting that they are candidate genes to judge the health status of dairy cows during such period.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37721874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of deworming on milk production in dairy cattle and buffaloes infected with gastrointestinal parasites in the Kavrepalanchowk district of central Nepal.","authors":"Upendra Thapa Shrestha,&nbsp;Nabaraj Adhikari,&nbsp;Samarpan Kafle,&nbsp;Nabaraj Shrestha,&nbsp;Megha Raj Banjara,&nbsp;Katie Steneroden,&nbsp;Richard Bowen,&nbsp;Komal Raj Rijal,&nbsp;Bipin Adhikari,&nbsp;Prakash Ghimire","doi":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Nepal, knowledge of proper handling, management and causes of cattle diseases is still limited. The main objective of this study was to explore the impact of deworming on milk production and its effect on milk qualities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 200 faecal samples (100 buffaloes and 100 cows) were collected and analysed for parasitic burden. Half of the infected cattle (buffaloes, <i>Bos bubalis</i>; cow native, <i>B indicus</i>; European, <i>B taurus</i>) were then dewormed with Levamisole Hydrochloride-Oxyclozanide bolus, and the remaining 50 per cent were left untreated. The milk yield from both infected and dewormed cattle was recorded for 30 days and the qualities of milk were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of parasitic infection was found to be 22.0 per cent. <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> was the predominant parasite (81.8 per cent), followed by <i>Toxocara vitulorum</i> (34.1 per cent), <i>Strongyloides</i> <i>pa</i>pillosus (6.8 per cent) and <i>Bunostomum phlebotomum</i> (4.5 per cent). The average milk yield (litre/day/cow) significantly increased, which was 1.22 litres per day for treated cows and 1.06 litres for treated buffaloes. The intervention effect of deworming among cows was 0.79 (14.06 per cent increment) and for buffaloes was 0.42 (8.32 per cent increment). After deworming the infected cattle, the protein percentage was significantly improved in cows (P=0.035), whereas the lactose percentage and solid percentage had increased significantly in buffaloes (P=0.002 and P=0.028).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Antiparasitic treatment in cattle had positive effects on milk qualities such as solid non-fat, lactose, solid percentage and total protein percentage.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37721875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> D2/CSL (CECT 4529) supplementation on healthy cat performance.","authors":"Eleonora Fusi,&nbsp;Rita Rizzi,&nbsp;Michele Polli,&nbsp;Simona Cannas,&nbsp;Alberto Giardini,&nbsp;Natascia Bruni,&nbsp;Stefano Paolo Marelli","doi":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the probiotic strain <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> D2/CSL (CECT 4529) on nutritional condition and faecal quality in cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy adult cats from the same cattery were included (aged >9 months; male:female sex ratio=3:7). The animals were randomly assigned to a control group (CTR; n=5; male:female=1:4; room 1: 16 m²) and to a treated group (LACTO; n=5; male:female=2:3; room 2: 16 m²) receiving the same commercial dry diet. The LACTO group diet was supplemented with the probiotic (5 x 10⁹ cfu/kg feed at least). A five-week experimental period was applied, and nutritional status was monitored by bodyweight (BW) and body condition score (BCS). Faecal quality was evaluated using faecal score (FS) and faecal moisture (FM) parameters. Plate counts of some faecal bacteria species were carried out. The data obtained were analysed using MIXED, GLM and NPAR1WAY procedures (SAS V.9.4; P≤0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two groups did not show differences in BW and BCS data. A clear effect of the probiotic supplementation on FM was recorded (LACTO 44 per cent v CTR group 46 per cent; P=0.04). FS in the LACTO group (3.35) was close to ideal values (2-3) in comparison with the CTR group (3.75). Positive effects of <i>L acidophilus</i> D2/CSL have been recorded in terms of increase in faecal lactobacilli counts and reduction in faecal coli counts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study's preliminary results describe how inclusion of <i>L acidophilus</i> D2/CSL (CECT 4529) probiotic strain in cats' diets could effectively improve faecal quality parameters and consequently gut health in adult healthy cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37507261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of computed tomography measurements of the soft palate in French bulldogs.","authors":"Pauline Deprez,&nbsp;Iban Irubetagoyena,&nbsp;Jean-Guillaume Grand,&nbsp;Nathaniel Harran","doi":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CT imaging has been used to document the soft palate dimensions in brachycephalic dogs but reliability of such measurements has not been evaluated. The aims of this study were to propose a method of measurements of the soft palate in French bulldogs and determine its reliability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty French bulldogs were prospectively included. Five measurements of the soft palate were performed on soft tissue and bone window mid-sagittal images: length, thickness at 25, 50 and 75 per cent of its length and sagittal plane cross-sectional area. Three sets of data were separately acquired by three observers. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for all measurements was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median ICCs showed excellent reliability (0.90 to 0.99) for all intraobserver measurements except for thickness at 75 per cent which showed good (0.80 to 0.89) to excellent reliability. The median ICC showed excellent reliability for all interobserver measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The soft palate measurements on a single CT image are reproducible and repeatable. Further study is needed to assess the reliability of these measurements in the same patient with different endotracheal tube positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37507263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The investigation of histopathology and locations of excised eyelid masses in dogs.","authors":"Shang-Lin Wang,&nbsp;Charlotte Dawson,&nbsp;Li-Ning Wei,&nbsp;Chung-Tien Lin","doi":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eyelid masses are the most common ocular diseases in dogs. However, there are no studies specifically investigating the location of eyelid masses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>118 dogs with 119 eyelid masses were included. Medical records and pathology reports were retrospectively reviewed at National Taiwan University veterinary hospital and Vision Eyecare Centre for Animals between 2012 and 2017.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age of dogs was 9.4±2.5 years. Female spayed dogs had significantly higher prevalence of eyelid mass than female intact dogs (p<0.01). Prevalence of upper eyelid mass was significantly higher than lower eyelid mass (p<0.01). The upper lateral eyelid was the significantly more common location compared with the upper medial eyelid. Mean mass volume was 258.2±661.0 mm³. The most common eyelid mass type was meibomian epithelioma (34.5%), followed by meibomian adenoma (29.4%) and meibomian hyperplasia (18.5%). Non-tumours comprised 25.2%, benign tumours comprised 67.2% and malignant tumours comprised 7.6% of all eyelid masses. Malignant tumours were significantly larger than benign lesions (p<0.01). All dogs underwent surgical excision without any complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of eyelid masses were benign. Surgical intervention can prevent further ocular irritation and provide good prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37507259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterisation of an avian influenza (H5N8) outbreak in backyard flocks in Al Ahsa, Eastern Saudi Arabia, 2017-2018.","authors":"Maged G Hemida,&nbsp;Daniel Chu,&nbsp;Adel Abdelaziz,&nbsp;Abdelmohsen Alnaeem,&nbsp;Samuel Mo Sheung Chan,&nbsp;M Peiris","doi":"10.1136/vetreco-2019-000362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Avian influenza viruses are still causing major concern not only to the poultry industry but also to human health across the globe. The live poultry markets and the small-scale local breeding of various species of birds in backyards are still playing important roles in the sustainability of most virulent influenza viruses, especially H5N8.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors investigated an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in backyard flocks in Al Ahsa, Eastern Saudi Arabia that occurred in 2017-2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A range of poultry including chickens, ostriches, ducks, pigeons and turkeys were clinically affected. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this was a common source outbreak caused by a virus closely related to H5N8 viruses causing outbreaks elsewhere in Saudi Arabia in early 2018.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Small backyard flocks are still contributing to the epidemiology and transmission of H5N8.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37507260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}