Veterinary Record Open最新文献

{"title":"Effect of environmental temperature on oxidative status, inflammatory response and endocannabinoid system at oestrus in dairy cows.","authors":"Alice Carbonari, Lorenza Frattina, Matteo Burgio, Vincenzo Cicirelli, Michal Andrzej Kosior, Alessandra Sfacteria, Bianca Gasparrini, Gabriele Marino, Roberta Verde, Fabiana Piscitelli, Annalisa Rizzo","doi":"10.1002/vro2.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heat stress (HS) poses a significant challenge to dairy production under climate change, as it compromises fertility, productivity and overall health in cows. This seasonal observational cross-sectional study investigated how environmental temperature affects oxidative status, inflammatory responses and endocannabinoid system (ECS) in dairy cows, comparing winter and summer conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty Italian Holstein cows, 20 per farm, were enrolled from three farms in southern Italy. In winter and summer, temperature‒humidity index (THI) was recorded using data loggers and blood samples were collected from each cow's coccygeal vein during oestrus. Serum samples were analysed to evaluate the oxidative status as reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP), inflammatory responses as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-10, and ECS as anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Temperature‒humidity index was significantly higher in summer than in winter (<i>p</i> < 0.001), confirming HS exposure. Anandamide levels showed no significant seasonal variation, while 2-AG concentrations were significantly reduced in summer compared to winter (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Oxidative stress increased in summer, with lower BAP (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and higher d-ROMs (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10 were significantly higher in summer than in winter (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates that summer HS could alter oxidative balance, stimulates inflammatory pathways and modulates ECS activity in dairy cows. Reduced 2-AG suggests potential ECS involvement in thermal-stress adaptation. These findings provide a foundation for future research on nutritional or management strategies aimed at improving resilience to HS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"13 1","pages":"e70037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13240306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bitesize Biosecurity: A tool and framework for curating and summarising expert biosecurity advice for farmers using artificial intelligence.","authors":"Alexander F B Carmichael, Lorna A Pate, Andrew J Duncan, Lynsey Melville, Kate Lamont","doi":"10.1002/vro2.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biosecurity practices mitigate disease risk on farms; however, adoption and consistent implementation remain variable across farmers. Improved communication of biosecurity information could increase uptake, reduce disease incidence and improve productivity, profitability and animal welfare.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This project developed a framework leveraging large language models (LLMs) to transform complex biosecurity guidance into accessible information for livestock farmers. The system condenses expert advice from publicly available UK government and veterinary advisory sources to generate more accessible summaries on a purpose-built platform. Initial implementation targets three UK livestock health challenges for cattle and sheep farmers with the purpose of demonstrating a proof of concept: sheep scab, liver fluke and Johne's disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bitesize Biosecurity provides a centralised repository where farmers can access evidence-based recommendations without navigating complex literature or multiple websites. The system maintains scientific integrity while presenting guidance in practical, actionable formats.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The effectiveness of the framework depends on the quality and availability of source materials. In this study, implementation was limited to three diseases and the UK context, with system performance reliant on LLM accuracy in content transformation process and summary generation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This tool addresses critical gaps in agricultural communication by streamlining knowledge transfer between research institutions and practitioners. The scalable architecture enables expansion to additional diseases, farm types and regions, with the potential to transform biosecurity information communication across the agricultural sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"13 1","pages":"e70035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behind the stethoscope: The hidden struggles and strengths of veterinarians in Italy.","authors":"Selena Russo, Alexia Del Greco, Marco Bani, Federico Zorzi, Stefano Ardenghi, Giulia Rampoldi, Simone Scoccianti, Paolo Galli, Maria Grazia Strepparava","doi":"10.1002/vro2.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Veterinarians play a crucial role in public health, animal welfare and human-animal relationships, yet their work involves increasing emotional, structural and ethical challenges. This study explored the lived experiences, perceptions, and needs of veterinary professionals in Italy to understand how these dimensions shape wellbeing and professional identity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative cross-sectional design was adopted. Twenty veterinarians were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. Semi-structured online interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using the framework method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four interconnected themes emerged: (1) structural vulnerabilities, including workload, economic pressure and contractual insecurity; (2) emotional labour and moral distress, particularly around euthanasia, client grief and ethical decision making; (3) interpersonal complexity, involving emotionally charged client relationships and team dynamics; and (4) professional identity and societal (mis)recognition, reflecting frustration with misconceptions and lack of institutional support. Communication emerged as a transversal challenge, with many participants reporting insufficient training for emotionally demanding interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Veterinary professionals face multifaceted challenges that affect their emotional health, job satisfaction and social recognition. Findings underscore the need for improved education, organisational restructuring and stronger institutional commitment to wellbeing. Enhancing public understanding of the veterinary role and promoting healthier human-animal relationships may support a more sustainable professional context.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Despite diverse participant representation, the small, self-selected sample and predominance of female participants may have influenced findings. While not statistically generalisable, the study offers transferable insights into veterinarians' lived experiences and points towards future comparative research across contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"13 ","pages":"e70036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13150477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the endocannabinoid system reduces inflammatory signalling in canine mammary carcinoma cells.","authors":"Gianluca Antonio Franco, Ylenia Marino, Claudia Rifici, Roberta Fusco, Davide di Paola, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Giuseppe Catone, Cecilia Vullo, Enrico Gugliandolo","doi":"10.1002/vro2.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine mammary carcinoma (CMC) is characterised by a chronic inflammatory microenvironment resembling human breast cancer; however, the upstream regulatory mechanisms driving this phenotype remain unclear. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has emerged as a potential modulator of inflammation and tumour biology. This study investigated the role of the ECS in CMC and evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of cannabidiol (CBD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary cell cultures were established from surgically excised CMC tissues, with matched normal mammary epithelium used as controls. Basal mRNA expression of ECS-related receptors (CB1, CB2, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 [TRPV1], G-protein-coupled receptor 55 [GPR55] and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha [PPAR-α]) and inflammatory mediators (COX-1, COX-2, interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, IL-33, IL-17A, tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and LCN2) was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cytokine secretion (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-17A) was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability assays were performed to determine the 24-h IC₅₀ of CBD (32 µM), and sub-cytotoxic concentrations (3, 10 and 20 µM) were subsequently applied for 24 h.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Canine mammary carcinoma-derived cells exhibited significant overexpression of ECS receptors (CB1, CB2, TRPV1, GPR55 and PPAR-α) compared to normal controls. These cells also showed increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-17A. Treatment with CBD at 10-20 µM significantly downregulated key inflammatory genes, particularly COX-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, and reduced corresponding cytokine release without compromising cell viability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ECS is upregulated in CMC and appears to contribute to the inflammatory tumour microenvironment. Cannabidiol effectively attenuates this inflammatory phenotype at sub-cytotoxic concentrations, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent in CMC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"13 ","pages":"e70034"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful in vitro propagation of feline coronavirus from clinically diagnosed feline infectious peritonitis cases using Vero cells: A potential model for future research.","authors":"Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana, Mahfuza Akther, Susan Beetson, Subir Sarker, Gabriele Rossi, Jasim M Uddin","doi":"10.1002/vro2.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feline coronavirus (FCoV) causes inapparent to progressive fatal feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in domestic and wild cats, which affects multiple-organ systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated three clinically sick cats using different laboratory and molecular tests to diagnose and confirm FCoV and propagate the virus in Vero cell culture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the cats exhibited effusive FIP with multiple clinical signs. The haematology profiles revealed lymphopenia in all cases and leukopenia, neutropenia and regenerative left shift in one case. Serum biochemistry showed elevated creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, hyperbilirubinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia in all the cases. Urinalysis revealed bilirubinuria in two cases and marked proteinuria in another. All effused samples showed a positive Rivalta test, and the cytology showed a mixed pyogranulomatous inflammatory exudate. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) confirmed that all the cats were infected with FCoV. The specific gene sequencing of three isolates clustered in the same clade of the phylogenetic tree, suggesting a closely related genotype associated with FIP in cats. Feline coronavirus induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in Vero cells, first appearing on day 5 post-infection (pi) in the primary passage. In the second passage, more distinct CPEs, including cell rounding, shrinkage, detachment and death, were evident from day 2 pi. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed active viral replication, with significantly decreasing Ct values across passages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>The adaptation and propagation of FCoV in a non-feline cell line provide promising opportunities for future studies, including generating sufficient viral RNA for sequencing, evaluating antiviral resistance, and establishing a practical in vitro system for drug screening and vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"13 1","pages":"e70030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait style during weave pole performance affects limb dynamics in agility dogs.","authors":"Charlotte Ramsey, Roberta Blake","doi":"10.1002/vro2.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine agility is a physically demanding sport that carries an inherent risk of injury. The weave pole obstacle is a mandatory component in agility courses under UK Kennel Club regulations, requiring a complex forward and lateral side-to-side gait that is not typically replicated outside the sport. This study aimed to evaluate key kinetic parameters-peak force (PF), peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI) and stance time (ST)-experienced by forelimbs and hindlimbs during weave pole performance, and to assess differences across the three most common forelimb gait variations: front-feet single-stepping rear double (FFSS/RD), double-stepping (FFDS) and hopping (FFH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen experienced agility dogs completed a set of six competition-standard weave poles (FFSS/RD, <i>n</i> = 8; FFDS, <i>n</i> = 4; FFH, <i>n</i> = 5). Data were collected using two pressure-sensing walkways and statistically analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Outer limbs, in general, have shown significantly higher PVF, PV, VI and ST (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all variables on both forelimbs and hindlimbs). Peak vertical force was significantly greater in the outer forelimbs and outer hindlimbs of FFH dogs compared to FFDS and FFSS/RD (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and 0.021, respectively, for forelimbs; <i>p</i> = 0.014 and 0.003, respectively, for hindlimbs). Stance time and VI were higher on the outer forelimb on FFSS/RD (the only forelimb used in this style) in comparison with FFH (ST: <i>p</i> = 0.003; VI: <i>p</i> = 0.024) and FFDS (ST: <i>p</i> = 0.041; VI: <i>p</i> = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, there is a clear asymmetry in outer and inner limbs in all styles, which is consistent to the expected on turns. All gaits have shown a trend on redistribution of load towards the outer hindlimb, which was more extreme on FFSS/RD. Stance time was generally lower, and PVF and PF were higher in the FFH group. These factors raise questions regarding the long-term implications of weave pole performance in dogs exhibiting this gait.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"13 1","pages":"e70028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of bovine leukaemia virus infection control measures in Japanese Black beef cattle breeding farms: A 7-year longitudinal study based on proviral load.","authors":"Makoto Kajisa, Chikako Tani, Mineto Tani, Jiazhou Li, Satoshi Ito, Takenori Yamauchi, Hironobu Murakami, Hiromu Katamoto, Reiichiro Sato, Shingo Nakahata","doi":"10.1002/vro2.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infection remains a major problem for Japanese Black (Wagyu) cattle, and effective and sustainable control measures are essential to prevent its spread in breeding herds. This study aimed to monitor the BLV infection status of all cattle at a Japanese Black breeding farm in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, over 7 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BLV serological testing was conducted at baseline in 2018 (Y0, study year 0), followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in six survey years between 2019 and 2024 (Y1‒Y6; no testing in 2023). The infection status and proviral load (PVL) were assessed. Cattle were classified as calves (<10 months) or breeding cattle (≥10 months), reflecting standard Japanese production practices. After high-PVL cattle were identified in Y1, new barns were constructed stepwise from Y2 onwards to physically separate BLV-positive and BLV-negative animals. In addition, strategic culling of BLV-positive cattle, BLV screening of introduced cattle, and early separation of calves from their dams were implemented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At Y0, BLV seroprevalence among breeding cattle was 78.6%. At Y1, PCR detected BLV in 28.0% of calves and 74.1% of breeding cattle. By Y6, BLV prevalence had significantly decreased to 39.2% in breeding cattle compared with Y1, while it was 21.6% in calves, with no significant reduction observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early identification of high-PVL cattle, physical separation of BLV-positive and BLV-negative cattle, and culling of BLV-positive cattle was effective in reducing BLV prevalence in a Wagyu breeding herd. These findings propose a feasible, farm-based approach for managing endemic BLV under commercial conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"13 1","pages":"e70029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12928103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147285239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of snail secretion filtrate in an in vitro model of mastitis.","authors":"Gianluca Antonio Franco, Ylenia Marino, Rosalia Crupi, Davide di Paola, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Enrico Gugliandolo","doi":"10.1002/vro2.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine mastitis is inflammation of the mammary gland mainly caused by bacterial infections, with relevant economic costs and implications related to antibiotic resistance. In light of the increasing demand for sustainable therapies, this study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of snail secretion filtrate (SSF) from the species <i>Helix Aspersa Muller</i> in an in vitro model of bovine mastitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bovine mammary cells (MAC-T) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to induce the inflammatory process. The cells were then treated with SSF to analyse its effects on oxidative stress, production of inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β), expression of enzymes associated with inflammation such as inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytoprotection as heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Snail secretion filtrate significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Furthermore, it positively modulated the expression of iNOS and COX-2, reducing their levels and increasing the expression of HO-1, suggesting a cytoprotective action.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Snail secretion filtrate was effective in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in an in vitro model of bovine mastitis. The results suggest the potential use of SSF as a natural and sustainable remedy, in line with the One Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"13 1","pages":"e70027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12906651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical confidence and competence among US veterinary students after a high-volume sterilisation campaign in rural Mexico.","authors":"Guillermo Arcega Castillo, Rachael Schulte, Melinda J Wilkins","doi":"10.1002/vro2.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate whether participation in a high-volume sterilisation campaign increases veterinary students' confidence in surgical and anaesthetic skills. We hypothesised that the intervention would improve confidence across key domains and lead to satisfactory technical competence.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective, observational pre-post-intervention study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Field-based surgical campaign conducted over 10 days in eight rural communities in coastal Oaxaca, Mexico.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Thirteen fourth-year veterinary students from two US universities volunteered to participate. Inclusion required students to be in their final year of training; all the students completed the study.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Participants engaged in a 10-day sterilisation campaign, assisting in pre-, intra- and post-operative care under the supervision of licensed veterinarians. Surgical procedures focused on ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy in dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Primary and secondary outcome measures: </strong>The primary outcome was change in self-reported confidence across 11 surgical domains, measured pre- and post-intervention using a 0-10 Likert scale. The secondary outcome was technical competence, which was assessed on the final day using a modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills rubric covering five domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases in confidence were observed in 10 of 11 domains (Wilcoxon <i>p</i> < 0.05), with large effect sizes (<i>r</i> > 0.5). The highest effect was for ligating blood vessels (<i>r</i> = 0.877). Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills scores showed consistent proficiency, with domain means ranging from 3.58 to 3.94, and the strongest performance in instrument handling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Field sterilisation participation increased students' surgical confidence and end-of-campaign competence, but single-site uncontrolled sample and self-report limit generalisability; larger multisite controlled studies are needed objectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"13 1","pages":"e70025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12906661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146207885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of the correlation between haematological biomarkers in cats affected with periodontal disease stages 3 and 4.","authors":"Hossein Ghorbani, Azin Tavakoli, Mohammad Heidarpour, Negin Rahimdoust Mozhdehi, Hossein Kazemi Mehrjerdi","doi":"10.1002/vro2.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vro2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodontal disease is the most common disease of the tooth-supporting apparatus in dogs and cats. Identifying factors associated with periodontal disease early through minimally invasive, fast and cost-effective methods, such as a simple blood test, may improve treatment outcomes. The current study investigated the association between haematological biomarkers and periodontal disease in cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty cats were divided into healthy cats (<i>n</i> = 30) and cats with periodontal disease (<i>n</i> = 30) groups. Age, neutering status and breed were recorded. All cats had no history of infection and other inflammatory or neoplastic diseases. No medication had been administered within the previous 3 months and no cats had undergone recent surgery. According to the American Veterinary Dental College pet periodontal disease staging, all cats in the diseased group were diagnosed with stage 3 or 4 periodontal disease and were candidates for extraction of at least one canine or premolar tooth, given that no incisors were noted for extraction. Blood samples were taken from both groups to obtain a complete blood count. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios were calculated. The results were statistically analysed between the two groups with an independent sample <i>T</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to the various haematological parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results of this study, no significant differences were observed between haematological biomarkers and periodontal disease stage 3 or 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":23565,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record Open","volume":"12 1","pages":"e70012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}