Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Proteolytic processing of the capsid precursor by trypsin is essential for porcine astrovirus infectivity and isolation in vitro","authors":"Wenchao Zhang ,&nbsp;Lixia Pan ,&nbsp;Yongqi Huang ,&nbsp;Qinting Dong ,&nbsp;Teng Liu ,&nbsp;Yanjie Du ,&nbsp;Lifei Lu ,&nbsp;Dengfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Jinsong Liu ,&nbsp;Kang Ouyang ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Zuzhang Wei ,&nbsp;Huan Liu ,&nbsp;Weijian Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine astroviruses (PAstV) have been prevalent worldwide, causing asymptomatic, intestinal or neurological clinical symptoms. However, the maturation mechanism and elements of the PAstV life cycle remains largely unknown, which poses an obstacle for PAstV isolation and pathogenic study. Previous studies have reported that PAstV’s isolation and replication in PK-15 cells requires the addition of trypsin, yet the detailed role of this protease has not been revealed. In this study, we found that trypsin could enhance the cytopathic effects and RNA replication of PAstV. The capsid precursor, of ∼90 kDa (VP90), could directly release into the extracellular culture media and subsequently processed by trypsin into four terminal products of about 25 (VP25), 27 (VP27), 30 (VP30) and 34 (VP34) kDa. This cleavage process was found to be essential for the infectivity of PAstV, as progeny viruses assembled from un-cleaved or incomplete processed capsid precursor protein lost its infectivity. Moreover, non-infectious progeny viruses regain infectivity after trypsin treatment. Unlike human astrovirus, which undergoes a \"VP90-VP70\" cleavage process, intracellular caspases were found to promote but are not required for PAstV-GX1 viral release. Virus purification confirmed that the VP34, VP30 and VP27 constitute mature, infectious viral particles. Importantly, sufficient processing under trypsin concentration, which produce VP27, VP30 and VP34, were proved to be components of PAstV mature virions. In general, PAstV's infectivity strictly depends on extracellular trypsin cleavage of its capsid precursor VP90 into VP25/27/30/34, bypassing the intracellular \"VP90-VP70\" pathway seen in Human Astrovirus—a novel maturation strategy in astroviruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity, evolution, and gene regulation of endogenous retroviruses in eight important poultry species","authors":"Ali Shoaib Moawad ,&nbsp;Amaal Omara ,&nbsp;Zhimin Wan ,&nbsp;Quan Xie ,&nbsp;Hongxia Shao ,&nbsp;Aijian Qin ,&nbsp;Tuofan Li ,&nbsp;Jianqiang Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections that have shaped vertebrate genomes through evolution. In poultry, ERVs remain understudied despite their potential roles in genome plasticity, gene regulation, and disease resistance. Here, we presented a comprehensive analysis of ERVs across 8 poultry species from three families (Anatidae, Phasianidae, and Numidae), combining de novo mining, phylogenetic classification, and functional characterization. Our study revealed substantial variation in ERV abundance, ranging from 46,326 (<em>Cairina moschata</em>) to 79,018 (<em>Meleagris gallopavo</em>) elements per genome. We discovered 23 distinct ERV groups, including 20 novel groups, with dominance of <em>Alpharetroviruses</em> (10 groups), suggesting lineage-specific expansion. Several ERVs grouped closely with known poultry ERVs, indicating common evolutionary origins, they have been distributed across different families, highlighting lineage-specific expansion patterns and suggesting that they may play conserved roles in host genome regulation. Notably, ERV-derived sequences contribute significantly to both protein-coding (29.4–44.8 %) and long non-coding RNA (22.5–61.2 %) genes, with a pronounced depletion in coding regions (CDS: 63.2–98.3 %) but enrichment in regulatory regions. We further identified polymorphic ERV insertions in key developmental genes (e.g., <em>CLC2DL4/5, TYR, CNTNAP2, CNTN5</em>, and <em>LUZP2</em>), implying roles in post-transcriptional regulation. However, these polymorphic insertions were specifically observed in 2 species, <em>Gallus gallus</em> (4 insertions) and <em>Numida meleagris</em> (1 insertion). PCR genotyping confirmed active ERV polymorphisms in a small population of chickens (n = 24) and ducks (n = 24), indicating ongoing genomic dynamism. These findings underscore ERVs as dual agents of genetic innovation and structural variation, with implications for avian genome evolution, host-pathogen interactions, and poultry breeding strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence and traceability of Salmonella enterica serotype Mbandaka harboring blaOXA-10 from chickens in China","authors":"Ke Wu ,&nbsp;Jian Yang ,&nbsp;Tiejun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Zuo ,&nbsp;Heng Lin ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Anyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Changwei Lei ,&nbsp;Hongning Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Mbandaka (<em>S.</em> Mbandaka), a multi-host adapted non-typhoidal <em>Salmonella</em>, has emerged as a significant public health concern in recent years. In this study, we isolated <em>S.</em> Mbandaka strains carrying a multidrug-resistant IncHI2A/IncHI2 plasmid from deceased chickens in China and performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analyses to investigate their global dissemination and evolutionary adaptation. The multidrug-resistant IncHI2A/IncHI2 plasmid in isolate YK35 harbored multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including <em>bla</em>_OXA-10, which was firstly observed in <em>S.</em> Mbandaka in China. It exhibited high sequence identity with IncHI2A/IncHI2 plasmids identified in other bacterial species, including <em>S.</em> Typhimurium, <em>Klebsiella aerogenes</em>, and <em>E. coli</em>, which suggested the cross-species dissemination of IncHI2A/IncHI2 plasmids and ARGs. Global genomic epidemiology classified <em>S.</em> Mbandaka strains into seven distinct clades, with the majority originating from the USA and the UK. The pan-genomic analysis indicated an open pan-genome structure, with continuous expansion of accessory genes, particularly those associated with replication, recombination, repair, and defense mechanisms, underscoring the evolutionary adaptation of <em>S.</em> Mbandaka to external environments. Evolutionary analysis further traced the international transmission routes of <em>S.</em> Mbandaka, revealing potential cross-regional spread, particularly from the USA and the UK to other countries, including China. The findings emphasize the global spread and evolutionary adaptation of <em>S.</em> Mbandaka, likely driven by international trade and horizontal gene transfer, including the acquisition of ARGs, which have contributed to its increasing public health risks. This study underscores the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and control measures to mitigate the spread of <em>S.</em> Mbandaka and its antibiotic resistance, particularly in the context of global food supply chains and international trade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription elongation factors GreA and GreB regulate the cellular invasion and virulence of Salmonella Enteritidis","authors":"Xiaohui Li ,&nbsp;Menglei Cai ,&nbsp;Donghai Liu ,&nbsp;Dongxu Zhao ,&nbsp;Tingting Jiang ,&nbsp;Shixuan Su ,&nbsp;Pengyu Wang ,&nbsp;Ziheng Peng ,&nbsp;Jiaman Gao ,&nbsp;Yilong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Xue ,&nbsp;Guolin Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The facultative intracellular bacterium <em>Salmonella enterica</em> subspecies <em>enterica</em> serotype Enteritidis (<em>S.</em> Enteritidis) is a leading cause of salmonellosis in humans and animals an<u>d</u> has been associated with intensive poultry farming and egg production. Gre proteins (including GreA and GreB) have been identified as virulence factors in several bacteria, but their role in <em>S.</em> Enteritidis has not been elucidated. Here, we constructed <em>greA</em> and <em>greB</em> double gene-deletion mutants and investigated their effects on <em>S.</em> Enteritidis. The deletion of the Gre proteins impaired bacterial growth and motility, but enhanced the anti-oxidative stress response and biofilm formation. Thereafter, we evaluated the effects of Gre protein deletion on bacterial adhesion and invasion <em>in vitro and in vivo.</em> Compared to the parental strain, the <em>ΔgreAΔgreB</em> mutant showed significantly increased LD₅₀ values in challenged chicks. The mutant was significantly less efficient at the colonization of livers, spleens, and lungs following subcutaneous inoculation. Consistently, interference with bacterial adhesion and entry into cells was the predominant reason for weakened <em>S.</em> Enteritidis infectivity. Importantly, Gre factors could restore infectivity in the complemented strain. Transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq) showed that the loss of Gre proteins caused the differential expression of metabolism and virulence genes. Thus, our fingdings suggest that Gre factors act as transcriptional regulatory factors by influencing the transcription of metabolism-related genes, and can act as virulence elements by directly engaging with cellular invasion and/or indirectly affecting the expression of virulence genes in <em>S.</em> Enteritidis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of candidate vaccine antigens using 2-D gel electrophoresis and immunoproteomics for cross protection against Glaesserella parasuis","authors":"Samantha J. Hau ,&nbsp;Kirsten C. Eberle ,&nbsp;Jarlath E. Nally ,&nbsp;Daniel W. Nielsen ,&nbsp;John D. Lippolis ,&nbsp;Susan L. Brockmeier","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Glaesserella parasuis</em> infection in swine causes polyserositis, arthritis, and meningitis. A range of virulent to nonvirulent strains exists between and within the 15 serovars. This has created difficulty in generating broadly protective vaccines against <em>G. parasuis</em>. Subunit vaccines are of interest in protection against bacterial pathogens, where the individual proteins within the vaccine are highly conserved and widely present. To identify novel subunit vaccine candidates for heterologous protection against <em>G. parasuis</em>, previously generated serum from bacterin vaccinated pigs that were protected (HS069 bacterin) or non-protected (Nagasaki bacterin) against heterologous challenge with 12939 was used to differentiate the antibody response using 2-D gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Proteins with differential representation between blots probed with serum from HS069 or Nagasaki bacterin vaccinated animals were identified by mass spectrometry. Thirteen unique proteins were associated with the protective immune response and four of these proteins were tested in two combinations against <em>G. parasuis</em> in a swine challenge model (ApbE, LpoA, YaeT, and LppA). All four proteins were immunogenic and stimulated high antibody titers in pigs. While the protein combination of ApbE, LpoA, and YaeT did not provide improved survival, the combination of LpoA, YaeT, and LppA did, suggesting LppA is important for protection. This work identified a group of proteins capable of improving survival in pigs challenged with <em>G. parasuis</em>. Additionally, this work highlights a novel and effective method to identify candidate vaccine antigens utilizing the protective immune response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and infection characteristics of common pathogens associated with calf diarrhoea in Danish dairy calves","authors":"John Elmerdahl Olsen ,&nbsp;Birgitta Svensmark ,&nbsp;Lene Agerskov ,&nbsp;Maja Albrechtsen ,&nbsp;Rikke Heidemann Olsen","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diarrhoea in calves is one of the most common disease manifestations, particularly within the first weeks of life. In the present study, 392 diarrhetic faecal samples from calves 0–28 days old were obtained from Danish dairy farms through routine veterinary diagnostics. Bovine pathogens (<em>Clostridium perfringens</em> type A<em>,</em> B and C, <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Dublin, coronavirus, rotavirus, <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em>, Coccidia (<em>Eimeria</em>) and <em>Escherichia coli</em> F5) were detected and quantified by qPCR (Enterit4calves assay). In addition, samples were cultured to semi-quantify the level of <em>E. coli.</em> Samples were primarily obtained from calves within the first two weeks (∼90 % of the samples), reflecting this critical period for diarrhoea development. Overall, <em>C. perfringens</em> type A, rotavirus and <em>C. parvum</em> were the most prevalent pathogens, detected in 28–39 % of the samples, while coronavirus and <em>E. coli</em> F5 were found in less than five percent of the samples. The remaining pathogens were not detected by qPCR in any of the samples. Culturing demonstrated moderate to massive growth of <em>E. coli</em> in 75 % of the samples, independent of the age of the sampled calves. For all qPCR detected pathogens, except for coronavirus and <em>E. coli</em> F5, dual-infection with the presence of two pathogenic agents in the sample, was the most common infection type. In samples with more than one pathogen, the quantity of each pathogen according to Ct-value was not significantly different from quantity of the same pathogen in samples where it was the only pathogen. The importance of the high prevalence of non-F5 <em>E. coli</em> needs to be further clarified, in particular for the types of <em>E. coli</em> found in moderate to massive growth in fecal samples negative for all qPCR included pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Providencia rettgeri harboring blaNDM genes in minks from China","authors":"Asim Munir ,&nbsp;Yuetong Lv ,&nbsp;Ruilong Song ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Lu ,&nbsp;Zhichao Li ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Ruichao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although carbapenems have not been approved for animal use, carbapenem-resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> (CRE) strains are increasingly being detected in animals, posing a significant public health risk. However, the epidemiological characteristics of CRE isolates in animals remain elusive. We comprehensively investigated the genetic features of carbapenem-resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> isolates recovered from minks in Shandong province, China. A total of seven (38.8 %) NDM-positive isolates were identified including three <em>Morganella morganii,</em> three <em>Providencia rettgeri</em>, and one <em>Escherichia coli</em> from 18 samples comprises of mink feed, intestinal content, liver, spleen and lungs collected from four deceased minks. Among these isolates, only one carried the <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 gene, while the remaining six harbored the <em>bla</em>_NDM-1 gene and exhibited high levels of meropenem resistance (32–128 µg/mL). Genome sequencing confirmed that all <em>M. morganii</em> and <em>P. rettgeri</em> isolates harbored the chromosomally located <em>bla</em>_NDM-1 gene while the <em>E. coli</em> isolate belonging to ST602 harbored the <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 gene on ∼88 kb IncFII (pHN7A8) plasmid. To extent of our findings, this is the first discovery of carbapenem resistant <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> in minks specifically the <em>E. coli</em> ST602 mink harboring the plasmid-mediated <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 gene. In addition to <em>E. coli,</em> we have also reported a novel ST214 in <em>P. rettgeri</em> isolates harbored <em>bla</em>_NDM-1 gene. Moreover, CTX-M-positive <em>E. coli</em> ST602 was also reported in wild birds from Chile while <em>E. coli</em> harboring <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 gene on IncFIA/IncFII plasmid was also reported from healthy individuals in China. So, the emergence of these antimicrobial resistance genes in minks and their close association with humans and animals is alarming. Our findings highlight the urgent need for further surveillance of bacterial resistance to last-resort antibiotics in the animal settings One Health approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in tests of phenotypic colistin resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolates from poultry and their genetic diversity","authors":"Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak ,&nbsp;Tomasz Hauschild ,&nbsp;Rafał Łopucki ,&nbsp;Urszula Kosikowska ,&nbsp;Jarosław Wilczyński ,&nbsp;Michał Brzeski ,&nbsp;Paulius Matusevičius ,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colibacillosis is one of the most common health problems in poultry production and is associated with high economic losses. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic colistin resistance of <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates obtained from clinical cases of colibacillosis in poultry, together with determination of their phylogenetic groups, and to compare the results of three tests based on the microdilution method for phenotypic evaluation of colistin susceptibility. In addition, to determine the risk to the poultry meat consumer, further analysis of <em>E. coli</em> isolates phenotypically and genotypically resistant to colistin was performed, including determination of their phenotypic and genotypic resistance to other antibiotics, the presence of selected potential virulence factors, and their sequence types. A total of 91 <em>E. coli</em> isolates from laying hens, breeding hens, broiler chickens, and turkeys were tested. Automated test yielded 53.8 % colistin-resistant isolates, while the other two phenotypic tests and the genetic analysis (<em>mcr-1</em> gene) showed 22 % resistant isolates. The 91 <em>E. coli</em> isolates represented phylogenetic groups D (36.2 %), A (26.4 %), B2 (26.4 %), and B1 (11 %). The <em>mcr-1</em>-positive <em>E. coli</em> isolates included 12 sequence types (ST10, ST95, ST355, ST428, ST744, ST57, ST69, ST117, ST156, ST349, ST410, and ST1196), showed the highest resistance to amoxicillin (100 %), doxycycline (100 %), enrofloxacin (85 %), chloramphenicol (75 %), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (55 %) and had combination of resistance genes (<em>bla</em>_TEM, <em>tetA</em>, <em>tetB</em>, <em>aadA</em>, <em>strA</em>/<em>strB</em>, <em>aac(3)-II</em>, <em>aphA1</em>, <em>dhfrI, sul1</em>, <em>sul2</em>, <em>sul3</em>, <em>floR</em>, <em>cmlA, catA1</em>) and potential virulence factors (<em>iss</em>, <em>iucD</em>, <em>cvi</em>/<em>cva</em>, <em>tsh</em>, <em>irp2</em>, <em>vat</em>, <em>astA</em>, and <em>papC</em>). Among all phylogenetic groups, the <em>mcr-1</em>-positive <em>E. coli</em> isolates representing group B2 possessed the most potential virulence factors. Notably, the ST95 <em>E. coli</em> isolate represented phylogenetic group B2 and contained the <em>svg</em> and <em>mcr-1</em> genes, which could pose a real threat to humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110581"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of multidrug resistance and genomic analysis of azithromycin-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella from diverse sources in China, 2006–2018","authors":"Qiuping Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Wang ,&nbsp;Li Su ,&nbsp;Huanjing Sheng ,&nbsp;Yuchen Jin ,&nbsp;Wenjing Lu ,&nbsp;Hongyang Zhao ,&nbsp;Shenghui Cui ,&nbsp;Baowei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Azithromycin is commonly recommended for the treatment of invasive salmonellosis, although the emergence of azithromycin resistance has become a new public health issue, it was seldomly investigated in China. This study analyzed 1230 non-typhoidal <em>Salmonella</em> (NTS) isolates from diverse sources in China (2006–2018), identifying 101 azithromycin-resistant NTS isolated from chicken, pork and human with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 32–64 μg/mL of azithromycin across seven serotypes, primarily ST17 <em>S</em>. Indiana (n = 68) and ST52 <em>S</em>. Blockley (n = 26). All azithromycin-resistant NTS isolates exhibited multidrug resistance pattern with 48 isolates exhibited resistance to nine antibiotic categories. Genomic analysis identified six kinds of distinct macrolide resistance genes in azithromycin-resistant NTS isolates: <em>mph</em>(A) (n = 94), <em>mph</em>(<em>E</em>)-<em>msr</em>(E) (n = 4), <em>erm</em>(42) (n = 2), <em>erm</em>(G) (n = 1) and <em>erm</em>(T) (n = 1). <em>mph</em>(A) (93.07 %) was most prevalent and found within the genetic environment <em>mph</em>(A)<em>-mrx-mphR</em>(A)<em>-</em>IS<em>6100</em>. No mutation associated with azithromycin resistance was discovered in the 23S rRNA gene, and 50S ribosomal protein L22 and L4 encoding sequences. A total of 22 distinct plasmid replicons were identified, with IncX1 being the most prevalent (58.42 %, 59/101). Notably, <em>mph</em>(A) gene in all ST52 <em>S</em>. Blockley strains (n = 26) were exclusively located on the chromosome. In contrast, <em>mph</em>(A) in other six serotypes, and <em>erm</em>(42), <em>erm</em>(T), <em>mph</em>(<em>E</em>)-<em>msr</em>(E) were predicted to be on plasmids. Specifically, the <em>erm</em>(T) gene was associated with IncQ1 plasmids. These findings underscore the necessity of continuous surveillance of azithromycin resistance in NTS across the food chain to better understand and mitigate its potential public health impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-5-producing Escherichia coli ST48 isolated from Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)","authors":"Gabriel Siqueira dos Santos ,&nbsp;André Luiz Mota da Costa ,&nbsp;Mariana Castilho Martins ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ,&nbsp;Luciana Sartori ,&nbsp;Natália Carrillo Gaeta ,&nbsp;Gisele Oliveira de Souza ,&nbsp;José Soares Ferreira Neto ,&nbsp;Marcos Bryan Heinemann","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbapenemase-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> are frequently related to healthcare-associated infections. Still, those have been reported from variable sources, including wild and zoo animals, posing a substantial threat to the conservation of animal species vulnerable to extinction. In this study, we reported an NDM-5-producing <em>E. coli</em> ST 48 isolated from rectal swab collected on April 21st, 2024 from a healthy Giant Anteater (<em>Myrmecophaga tridactyla</em>) in a Brazilian Zoo. The <em>E. coli</em> strain showed antimicrobial-resistant genes to quinolones, tetracyclines, and beta-lactams, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, and penicillins, besides a wide range of virulence factors encoding genes. Phylogenomic analysis showed that the NDM-5-producing <em>E. coli</em> ST48 strain clustered with lineages from Myanmar and China. Its <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 genetic context shared insertion sequences and adjacent genes with other ST48 strains. This is the first report of NDM-5-producing <em>E. coli</em> isolated from a zoo animal in Brazil, highlighting the potential to species conservation and the importance of monitoring antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in zoo animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}