Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Pathogenicity assessment of Spanish West Nile virus isolates of lineages 1 and 2 in a Swiss mouse model","authors":"Raúl Fernández-Delgado ,&nbsp;Rafael Gutiérrez-López ,&nbsp;David Romero-Trancón ,&nbsp;Pilar Aguilera-Sepúlveda ,&nbsp;Desirée Dafouz-Bustos ,&nbsp;Núria Busquets ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Clavero ,&nbsp;Francisco Llorente","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widespread emerging arboviruses in the world. Recently, Europe has undergone a significant increase in WNV incidence and geographic extension, with two genetic lineages, lineage 1 and lineage 2, actively circulating. In Spain, lineage 1 was first identified in 2007, and subsequently spread through the southwest and central regions of the country. Since 2010, it has affected both horses and humans (mainly in southern Spain), including two large human outbreaks of WNV meningoencephalitis in 2020 and 2024. Lineage 2 was first identified in Catalonia (northeastern Spain) in 2017, spreading through this region, primarily affecting birds, but with low incidence in humans and horses. In this study, the infectivity and disease severity of Spanish WNV isolates obtained between 2007 and 2020, representing both the southwestern and northeastern variants, was examined by <em>in vivo</em> inoculation in mice, with the aim of inferring their pathogenicity in mammalian hosts. The results demonstrated that the analysed isolates from northeastern Spain consistently induced lower virulence profiles in mice compared to the isolates from the southwest. Differences in mortality rates, median survival times, and survival curves, the latter being statistically significant allowed the classification of northeastern (lineage 2) and southwestern (lineage 1) Spanish isolates as moderately virulent and highly virulent, respectively. <em>In vitro</em> replication assays did not reveal significant differences between the Spanish isolates. Although biological and genetic differences between species could limit the extrapolation of mice data to other mammals, our findings are consistent with virulence patterns observed in humans and horses in the geographic regions where the examined isolates originated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TANK-binding Kinase 1 regulates the intracellular survival of Brucella","authors":"Zhiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Shuli Wang ,&nbsp;Ruirui Li ,&nbsp;Yanyan Cui ,&nbsp;Jinliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Junfang Hao ,&nbsp;Huijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Qifeng Li ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Brucella</em>, the causative agent of brucellosis, is a globally important intracellular pathogen. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a key component of the type I interferon induction pathway, is known to play a critical role in controlling intracellular bacterial infections. However, the function of TBK1 during <em>Brucella</em> infection remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of TBK1during <em>Brucella</em> infection. We observed that <em>Brucella</em> infection upregulates TBK1 expression in macrophages. Using TBK1-targeting small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and overexpression approaches, we examined how TBK1 regulates the intracellular survival of <em>Brucella</em>. Results demonstrated that TBK1 knockdown significantly promoted intracellular bacterial growth and reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Conversely, TBK1 overexpression inhibited intracellular <em>Brucella</em> growth and enhanced the secretion of these cytokines. Moreover, <em>Brucella</em> infection also stimulated TBK1 expression in mice, and TBK1 knockout promoted bacterial survival <em>in vivo</em>. Furthermore, during <em>Brucella</em> infection, TBK1 inhibition significantly suppressed NF-κB activity, whereas TBK1 overexpression enhanced it. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that TBK1 acts as an essential regulator of <em>Brucella</em> survival and growth both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. The mechanism by which TBK1 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and activates NF-κB warrants further investigation to elucidate its role in bacterial intracellular persistence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of genetic diversity and pathogenicity of porcine rotavirus A, and immunogenicity of a bivalent inactivated vaccine in southern China","authors":"Guangli Hu ,&nbsp;Zhiqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Liguo Gao ,&nbsp;Rui Geng ,&nbsp;Shengjin Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongchang Cao ,&nbsp;Hanqin Shen ,&nbsp;Chunyi Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine group A rotavirus (PoRVA) is a widespread enteric pathogen that causes severe diarrheal outbreaks in swine herds, leading to considerable economic losses in China’s pig farming industry. From 2022–2024, a systematic surveillance was conducted across southern China, during which 5425 diarrheic samples were collected to assess the epidemiology of PoRVA. The results showed that PoRVA infections peaked in winter and spring, with monthly positivity rates ranging from 36 % to 68 % in southern regions. Genotyping of 103 VP4/VP7 sequences revealed the predominant VP7 genotypes G5 (43.69 %), G4 (23.39 %), and G9 (15.53 %), as well as the major VP4 genotypes P[13] (68.93 %), P[6] (10.68 %), and P[23] (9.71 %). Two PoRVA strains were successfully isolated from positive intestinal samples collected in Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces, designated RVA/Pig/China/JS/2024/G9P[23] (JS2024) and RVA/Pig/China/GD/2024/G5P[13] (GD2024), respectively. Experimental infection demonstrated that both isolates caused severe watery diarrhea in 3-day-old colostrum-deprived piglets, resulting in mortality rates of 40 % (2/5) for JS2024 and 20 % (1/5) for GD2024. A bivalent inactivated vaccine prepared with the two isolates (10^8 TCID₅₀/mL per antigen, administered twice at a 14-day interval) elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses against both G5 and G9 genotypes. Furthermore, maternal immunization with the bivalent vaccine in pregnant sows resulted in efficient transfer of maternal antibodies to neonatal piglets. Piglets born to vaccinated sows exhibited significantly higher pre-challenge neutralizing antibody titers, developed only mild clinical diarrhea following JS2024 or GD2024 challenge, displayed substantially reduced fecal viral shedding, and showed 100 % survival, in contrast to unvaccinated litters, which experienced severe diarrhea, high viral loads, and mortality. Collectively, these findings suggest that both isolates are promising vaccine candidates and provide essential data for future PoRVA prevention and control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From association to action: Advancing microbiome evidence toward decision-grade insights in Japanese encephalitis virus research","authors":"M. Vijayasimha ,&nbsp;M. Srikanth","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110901"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of PRV-induced neuropathology and blood–brain barrier disruption identifies C57BL/6 as the most susceptible mouse model","authors":"Tong Xu ,&nbsp;Hanyu Li ,&nbsp;Baoling Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yangming Dai ,&nbsp;Xin Wu ,&nbsp;Siyuan Lai ,&nbsp;Jian-Bo Huang ,&nbsp;Ling Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhi-Wen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an emerging zoonotic alphaherpesvirus, can cause severe central nervous system (CNS) injury in non-natural hosts. Although mice are widely used for PRV neuropathogenesis studies, strain-dependent differences remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we established both intranasal and intramuscular PRV infection models in three commonly used mouse strains, KM, BALB/c, and C57BL/6, and performed comparative evaluations at early fixed post-infection timepoints as well as at moribund stages. After intranasal infection, C57BL/6 mice exhibited the highest absolute LD₅₀ value among the three strains. Consistently, C57BL/6 mice showed the earliest onset of neurological symptoms, the fastest decline in survival, and significantly higher neurological deficit scores compared with KM and BALB/c mice. Viral load measurements at both early and moribund stages revealed significantly higher PRV replication in the brains of C57BL/6 mice, accompanied by more severe histopathological lesions. Moreover, C57BL/6 mice displayed markedly greater Evans blue extravasation and more pronounced downregulation of tight-junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, indicating more extensive blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Across all strains, intranasal inoculation induced stronger CNS pathology and BBB damage compared with intramuscular injection. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that C57BL/6 mice exhibit the highest susceptibility to PRV, with more severe neuropathology and BBB impairment at both early and terminal stages. These results provide important guidance for selecting appropriate mouse models for PRV-induced CNS injury research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146030938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and vaccine efficacy evaluation of a canine coronavirus isolated in central China","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Ming Zhou ,&nbsp;Ling Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is a significant enteric pathogen in dogs, particularly in group-housed conditions. Although it is classically associated with mild enteritis, its high mutation rate drives genetic diversification, influencing virulence and reducing the effectiveness of traditional vaccines. To address this challenge, a novel CCoV strain, WH2023, was isolated from a breeding facility in Wuhan, Central China. Phylogenetic analysis of the spike (S) gene suggested that WH2023 is the predominant CCoV-IIa subtype. Pathogenicity studies in puppies revealed high virulence, with 100 % morbidity after a high challenge dose (10⁶ TCID₅₀/mL), severe diarrhea and lethargy, intestinal lesions in the jejunum and ileum, and high viral loads consistent with typical CCoV pathogenesis. An inactivated vaccine based on WH2023 and formulated with the GEL02 adjuvant was developed and evaluated in beagle puppies. Safety assessments revealed an excellent profile, and immunogenicity studies revealed strong neutralizing antibody responses, reaching titers of 1:5404 (12.4 log2) one week after booster vaccination. Vaccinated dogs were fully protected against the WH2023 challenge, whereas unvaccinated controls developed gastroenteritis. Neutralizing antibody titers in vaccinated dogs remained above 1:32 for up to 300 days and significantly exceeded those induced by commercial vaccines available in China. These findings indicate that WH2023 is a highly virulent CCoV-IIa strain and a promising candidate for vaccine development, providing enhanced safety and long-lasting protection against canine coronavirus infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145967051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks as a competent vector for ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ in experimental transmission studies","authors":"Hongfei Shi,&nbsp;Jingjing Mao,&nbsp;Hongyue Zhai,&nbsp;Zhengtian Zhang,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Dandan Li,&nbsp;Lunguang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>‘<em>Candidatus</em> Mycoplasma haemobos’ (‘<em>Ca.</em> M. haemobos’) is an emerging hemotrophic mycoplasma affecting cattle and other animals worldwide. While arthropod vectors have been suspected in its transmission, experimental evidence confirming vector competence remains limited. We investigated the ability of the hard tick <em>Haemaphysalis longicornis</em> (<em>H. longicornis</em>) to acquire, maintain, and transmit ‘<em>Ca.</em> M. haemobos’ under laboratory conditions. Ticks were exposed to the pathogen via microinjection or by feeding on infected BALB/c mice. Transovarial and transstadial transmission were assessed using quantitative PCR detection across tick life stages. All developmental stages (larvae, nymphs, adults) acquired the pathogen after feeding on infected mice, with infection rates in larvae and nymphs increasing significantly over 14 days. Microinjected adults maintained high pathogen loads for up to 28 days. Transovarial transmission was demonstrated, with 68.4 % of egg pools and 84.9 % of larval pools testing positive. Transstadial transmission was also observed, with pathogen persistence and significant replication during the larval-to-nymph molt. In transmission trials, larvae, nymphs, and adults successfully infected mice, with efficiencies of 80.0 %, 70.0 %, and 80.0 %, respectively. Adult ticks induced significantly higher bacteremia in hosts compared to larvae. This study provides the first experimental evidence that <em>H. longicornis</em> is a competent vector for ‘<em>Ca.</em> M. haemobos’, capable of both transovarial and transstadial transmission, and maintaining the pathogen throughout its life cycle. These findings underscore the role of <em>H. longicornis</em> in the ecology and transmission of ‘<em>Ca.</em> M. haemobos’, with significant implications for disease control in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brucella-infected macrophage-derived microparticles enhance the host anti-Brucella acquired immune response","authors":"Yuting Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Yuan ,&nbsp;Aodi Wu ,&nbsp;Zexuan Wang ,&nbsp;Rongrong Ni ,&nbsp;Kexin Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Liang ,&nbsp;Tao He ,&nbsp;Maoyuan Gu ,&nbsp;Chuang Meng ,&nbsp;Honghuan Li ,&nbsp;Changsuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinliang Sheng ,&nbsp;Zhongchen Ma ,&nbsp;Mingguo Xu ,&nbsp;Yanbing Zhang ,&nbsp;Kairat Toksanbaevich Zhumanov ,&nbsp;Junbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jihai Yi ,&nbsp;Yueli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microparticles (MPs) serve as critical mediators of intercellular communication by shuttling bioactive molecules, holding significant potential for clinical diagnostics and next-generation vaccine development. <em>Brucella</em>, an intracellular pathogen responsible for severe zoonosis, evades host immunity through persistent infection; however, the role of <em>Brucella</em>-induced MPs in modulating adaptive immunity remains poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrate that the infection of RAW264.7 macrophages with the attenuated <em>Brucella</em> melitensis strain M5 triggers robust MP release. These MPs enhance host defense by promoting bacterial clearance and restricting intracellular survival. In murine models, MPs elicit potent Th1-polarized immunity, characterized by elevated IgG2a titers and increased IFN-γ production. Mechanistically, MPs derived from M5-infected macrophages activate the nuclear factor-κB (<em>NF-κB</em>) pathway in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), augmenting the secretion of IL-12 and TNF-α. Critically, MPs prime cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) through both direct and indirect pathways, resulting in the specific lysis of <em>Brucella</em>-infected targets. Collectively, <em>Brucella</em>-induced MPs function as integrated immunogenic units that bridge innate recognition with adaptive effector responses, unveiling a novel host-pathogen interaction axis and advancing MPs-based strategies against brucellosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruption of goat airway epithelial barrier function by caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 infection in an ALI model","authors":"Lei-lei Yang ,&nbsp;Min Sun ,&nbsp;Wen-wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Hai-yan Wang ,&nbsp;Zi-long Cheng ,&nbsp;Mao-jun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi-xin Feng ,&nbsp;Wen-liang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The respiratory epithelium acts as the airway's first physical barrier against invading pathogens, mainly relying on mucociliary clearance (MCC) and apical junctional complexes (tight junctions/TJs and adherens junctions/AJs) for barrier function. Primary airway epithelial cells cultured in the air-liquid interface (ALI) system can well mimic these characteristics <em>in vitro</em>. This study established and characterized well-differentiated ALI-cultured goat airway epithelial cells (ALI-GAECs), and developed a CPIV3 infection model therein, verifying the apical infection and release of CPIV3 in ALI-GAECs. CPIV3 infection impaired the barrier function of ALI-GAECs, as reflected by decreased trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), increased FITC-Dextran permeability, and reorganization of the ZO-1 and F-actin meshwork. Mechanistically, RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that CPIV3 downregulated major TJ proteins (ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1) while upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6). The NF-κB signaling pathway, but not the MAPK pathways, was activated upon viral infection. Treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11–7082 partially restored the expression of TJ proteins and proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, the activation of the NF-κB pathway and subsequent production of proinflammatory cytokines is responsible for CPIV3-induced TJ disruption. In addition, the developed ALI-GAECs model provides a valuable <em>in vitro</em> tool for investigating the pathogenesis of CPIV3 and other caprine respiratory pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZNF16 inhibits PEDV replication through autophagy-mediated degradation of S1 protein","authors":"Dongfang Zheng ,&nbsp;Xinyu Yang ,&nbsp;Wenzhen Qin ,&nbsp;Ao Gao ,&nbsp;Yuchang Liu ,&nbsp;He Sun ,&nbsp;Wu Tong ,&nbsp;Hai Yu ,&nbsp;Hao Zheng ,&nbsp;Guangzhi Tong ,&nbsp;Tongling Shan ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ning Kong ,&nbsp;Lanlan Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic virus that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration in piglets, leading to substantial economic losses in swine-producing regions worldwide. In-depth investigation of the interactions between host factors and viral proteins is crucial for the development of PEDV therapeutics or vaccines. This study primarily explores the impact of Zinc finger protein 16 (ZNF16) on PEDV replication. We find that ZNF16 inhibits PEDV proliferation by targeting and degrading the PEDV S1 protein via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Mechanistically, ZNF16 recruits the E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 to facilitate S1 ubiquitination, which is subsequently recognized by the cargo receptor Tollip for translocation to autolysosomes, ultimately leading to viral S1 degradation and inhibition of PEDV replication. Collectively, this work elucidates a novel ZNF16-mediated antiviral mechanism in which the ZNF16-STUB1-Tollip-autolysosome axis promotes viral protein degradation to inhibit PEDV proliferation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}