Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Ikaros (IKZF1) gene in the virulence of Marek’s disease virus","authors":"Taejoong Kim ,&nbsp;Masahiro Niikura ,&nbsp;John R. Dunn ,&nbsp;Hans H. Cheng ,&nbsp;Cari J. Hearn","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marek’s disease (MD) caused by the oncogenic avian herpesvirus, Marek’s disease virus (MDV) has significant economic impacts on the poultry industry because MDV is ubiquitous in the environment and most chickens are exposed to the threat by MDV from the first day of age. Meq, a bZIP transactivator, is required for tumor formation by MDV, mostly T cell lymphomas. Additionally, Ikaros (IKZF1) has been identified as a cancer driver gene for MDV tumorigenesis. The safety of G2M-WT-Ikaros, which contains wildtype IKZF1 gene in the virulent MDV genome as a potential vaccine candidate, was compared with the parental G2M and Rispens vaccine. Although G2M-WT-Ikaros has significantly reduced virulence (tumor formations), immunosuppression by the atrophies of thymus and bursa remained. The immune suppressions of G2M-Ikaros viruses with Meq, G2M-WT-Ikaros, G2M-MUT-Ikaros, or without Meq, G2M∆MeqWT-Ikaros, G2M∆MeqMUT-Ikaros were compared with G2M viruses. Interestingly, G2M-MUT-Ikaros showed the highest virulence in tumor formation, mortality, and MD incidences, even higher than that of parental G2M viruses, while G2M-WT-Ikaros showed reduced tumorigenicity and MD incidences. With Meq deletion, G2M∆MeqWT-Ikaros, and G2M∆MeqMUT-Ikaros virus significantly reduced tumor formations; however, the immunosuppression by those viruses still occurred, regardless of the different IKZF1 gene sequences, either wildtype or somatic mutated, in the MDV genome. Thus, MDV tumorigenicity by Meq gene is enhanced by IKZF1 mutations, but ectopic wildtype IKZF1 expression showed suppression of MDV-induced tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy is involved in Salmonella Typhimurium-induced ferroptosis in macrophages","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Daobin Fu ,&nbsp;Chuanyuan Di ,&nbsp;Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Penggang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens, posing a significant threat to both animal and human health. Our previous study demonstrated that autophagy plays a crucial role in restricting the intracellular growth of <em>Salmonella</em>. This study aims to investigate the effect of autophagy in <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium (<em>S</em>. Typhimurium)-induced ferroptosis. First, we found that <em>S</em>. Typhimurium induced lipid peroxidation by increasing intracellular Fe^2 + levels, promoting lipid oxidation, and inhibiting the antioxidant pathway. <em>S</em>. Typhimurium-induced lipid peroxidation led to ferroptosis in macrophages. Further results revealed that <em>S</em>. Typhimurium triggered ferritin degradation by NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. Additionally, <em>S</em>. Typhimurium-induced chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) degraded GPX4 through TAK1-HSC70 signaling pathway. Notably, GPX4 is involved in intracellular <em>S</em>. Typhimurium release. Overall, autophagy was essential for <em>S</em>. Typhimurium induced-ferroptosis, TAK1 not only facilitated autophagy to eliminate intracellular bacteria but also promoted bacterial release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mRNA vaccine expressing fused structural protein of PRRSV protects piglets against PRRSV challenge","authors":"Chunxiao Mou ,&nbsp;Xing Zhao ,&nbsp;Chen Zhuo ,&nbsp;Qing He ,&nbsp;Mengwei Xu ,&nbsp;Kaichuang Shi ,&nbsp;Tiyun Han ,&nbsp;Zhenhai Chen ,&nbsp;Shi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The swine industry experiences substantial economic losses annually due to the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The limited protective efficacy of existing commercial vaccines against epidemic PRRSV underscores the urgent need for innovative solutions. The mRNA vaccines, which elicit robust immune responses, have emerged as a promising avenue in vaccine development. In this study, two distinct mRNA vaccines were engineered: one encoding the full-length GP5 and M proteins (GP5-M), and the other encoding the full-length N protein along with epitope peptide segments of the M and E proteins (NMEpep). Our findings indicate that, compared with NMEpep, piglets immunized with the GP5-M mRNA vaccine produced specific antibodies, exhibited elevated levels of PRRSV-specific IFN-γ, and demonstrated effective activation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells as well as CD21⁺ B cells. Furthermore, the GP5-M vaccine conferred protective efficacy against HP-PRRSV challenge, evidenced by the mitigation of clinical symptoms, reduction in viral loads, and alleviation of tissue damage. In conclusion, this study presents a promising candidate vaccine for addressing epidemic PRRSV and establishes the GP5-M mRNA vaccine as a viable platform for the development of next-generation PRRSV vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rabies virus matrix protein (RABV M) interacts with host histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) to activate the MEK/ ERK signaling pathway and enhance viral replication","authors":"Juanbin Yin ,&nbsp;Shasha Wang ,&nbsp;Zhixiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Junwei Ge ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuefeng Sun ,&nbsp;Xiangping Yin ,&nbsp;Xiangwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rabies virus (RABV) is the causative agent of rabies, posing a severe threat to human and animal health. The matrix (M) protein of RABV plays crucial roles during viral infection. In this study, we identified RABV M protein interacted with host histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) through a combination of immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. Specifically, the catalytic domains of HDAC6 (amino acids 435–835) was shown to be critical for the interaction between HDAC6 and the RABV M protein. Overexpression of HDAC6 significantly enhanced RABV replication, whereas inhibition of HDAC6 expression or its deacetylase activity had the opposite effect，indicating that HDAC6 is a positive regulator of RABV replication. We further determined that RABV infection actives the MEK/ERK pathway, and inhibition of this pathway with U0126 significantly reduced viral titers. Moreover, HDAC6 positively regulated MEK/ERK pathway activation in a manner independent of its deacetylase activity but dependent on the presence of HDAC6 during virus infection. Finally, we demonstrated that co-expression of RABV M enhanced the role of HDAC6 in facilitating MEK/ERK pathway activation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that RABV exploits the HDAC6-M interaction to hijack the MEK/ERK signaling axis, which is essential for viral replication. Notably, HDAC6 facilitates MEK/ERK activation in a deacetylase activity-independent manner, revealing a novel mechanism by which viruses manipulate host machinery. These results highlight HDAC6 as a potential therapeutic target for combating rabies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin activates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to enhance the innate immune response against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in vivo and in vitro","authors":"Qiancheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Liu ,&nbsp;Jianbo Yuan ,&nbsp;Shujuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiling Zhang ,&nbsp;Zifei Kan ,&nbsp;Zheng Niu ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Xia Hu ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Li ,&nbsp;Lijing Cao ,&nbsp;Xingcui Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenghong Lei ,&nbsp;Zhenhui Song","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly pathogenic infectious disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which has caused significant economic losses to the global pig industry. Due to the high mutability of the PEDV genome, the development of effective vaccines or drugs to prevent and control PEDV is still facing great difficulties. In this study, we found that the natural compound curcumin showed effective antiviral activity against PEDV in VERO-E6 and IPEC-J2 cells. The Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway was screened by transcriptomics as a potential innate immune mechanism of IPEC-J2 cells against PEDV infection. For PEDV, a highly pathogenic virus, cellular autoimmune response is not sufficient to fight against its infection. Our results demonstrated that curcumin could exert antiviral effects by enhancing the JAK-STAT cascade reaction mediated by type I interferon IFN-α and IFN-β in IPEC-J2 cells. In vivo experiments further confirmed the protective effect of curcumin on PEDV-infected piglets and its positive regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. In vivo, curcumin prophylaxis significantly enhanced IFN-α and IFN-β-induced JAK-STAT signaling and the production of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and increased the innate immune response, thus exerting antiviral effects effectively. In conclusion, our data indicate that curcumin can effectively resist PEDV infection in IPEC-J2 cells and piglets, which provides a new reference for the development of anti-PEDV drugs with important application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot-and-mouth disease virus 3C protein acts as an anti-inflammatory factor by mediating degradation of TLR4 signaling various molecules via caspase activity","authors":"Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Wen ,&nbsp;Jiamin Yi ,&nbsp;Jingjing Ren ,&nbsp;Weiwei Li ,&nbsp;Junhuang Wu ,&nbsp;Wenping Yang ,&nbsp;Dan Li ,&nbsp;Haixue Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the early stages of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection, a series of acute inflammatory responses occur in the host. As the disease progresses, these inflammatory responses gradually weaken until the host is nearly recovered. However, the mechanism by which FMDV participates in the negative regulation of host inflammatory responses remains unclear. In this study, we found that FMDV 3C plays a crucial role in inhibiting the inflammatory response by degrading various molecules in the TLR4 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we discovered that this degradation is mediated by caspase activity, which is activated by 3C protease. Specifically, FMDV 3C targets TLR4, TRIF, p65, IRF3, and TBK1 for degradation through caspase-3, and degrades IRF3 and TBK1 via caspase-8. Notably, FMDV 3C targets TBK1 for degradation through caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 independently. In conclusion, this is the first report identifying FMDV 3C as an anti-inflammatory factor that mediates the degradation of various molecules to inhibit TLR4 signaling through caspase activity. This study provides a novel insight into explore the relationship between FMDV and inflammation and offers ideas for exploring the biological function of 3C and the pathogenesis of FMDV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical infection and localization of foot-and-mouth disease viral RNA/antigens in apparently healthy Asiatic buffalo under natural condition","authors":"Rajeev Ranjan ,&nbsp;Jitendra K. Biswal ,&nbsp;Nandakumar S. Nair ,&nbsp;Karam Pal Singh ,&nbsp;Biswajit Das ,&nbsp;Jajati Keshari Mohapatra ,&nbsp;Saravanan Subramaniam ,&nbsp;Manoranjan Rout ,&nbsp;Jonathan Arzt ,&nbsp;Luis L. Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Bramhadev Pattnaik","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to identify the subclinical infection and tissue-specific localization of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus RNA and/or antigen in Asiatic-buffaloes as their possible involvement in starting new outbreaks is still up for debate. Serum, oropharyngeal fluid (OPF), and 11 distinct tissue-samples were taken from the slaughterhouses from Asiatic-buffaloes (n = 70) and processed for 3AB3-non-structural protein (NSP) antibody titre estimation, virus isolation and genome detection, haematoxylin and eosin (HE) examinations, and indirect immunofluorescence assays, respectively. Of these, it was found that 04 (serum), 14 (OPF), and 18 (tissue) samples tested positive for NSP Ab, and FMD Viral genomic RNA/Ag, respectively. Nevertheless, FMD Virus (FMDV) could not be isolated from any of the positive OPF or tissue samples; this might be because of limited sensitivity of the test system/low concentration of FMDV. The dorsal-soft-palate (DSP)-2 was shown to have the highest rate of FMDV detection by immunofluorescence microscopy, followed by DSP1, dorsal nasopharynx (DNP)-2, DNP1, and palatine tonsil (PTON). Therefore, in asymptomatic Asiatic-buffaloes living in natural environments, DSP and DNP might be the primary FMDV localization sites. However, since it can be difficult to distinguish between temporally acute subclinical infections and persistent infections in the field, particularly in abattoir surveillance, the site of viral RNA/antigen localization needs to be confirmed with known persistently infected buffaloes under controlled conditions. Moreover, there was no evidence linking the 3AB3 NSP antibody positive rate to the genome identification in tissue samples and OPF. To determine whether a correlation occurs at all, more samples must be assessed using various procedures and tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic basis of β-lactam resistance in Corynebacterium auriscanis and association with otitis externa in dogs and cats","authors":"Natascha Gross,&nbsp;Isabelle Brodard,&nbsp;Gudrun Overesch,&nbsp;Sonja Kittl","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Corynebacterium</em> (<em>C.</em>) <em>auriscanis</em> is an opportunistic pathogen regularly isolated from canine otitis externa, an important condition often hard to treat. We found a surprisingly high prevalence of β-lactam resistant isolates of <em>C. auriscanis</em> (47 %), even though β-lactams are not routinely used for otitis externa treatment in Switzerland. To determine the genetic base of this phenotype, a selection of isolates of <em>C. auriscanis</em> with high and low minimal inhibitory concentration values were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Comparative analysis revealed a gene cassette containing three genes (<em>hdfR</em> encoding a LysR-family transcriptional regulator, <em>blaB</em> encoding a β-lactamase related protein and <em>pbp2c</em> encoding a D,<span>D</span>-transpeptidase) as the likely resistance-encoding determinant in the isolates from otitis externa. This locus had previously been described in <em>C. jeikeium</em> as well as <em>C. diphtheriae</em> and was associated with mobile genetic elements. In our six <em>C. auriscanis</em> isolates the <em>pbp2c</em> locus was always associated with the same IS<em>3</em> family transposase, an association also found on <em>C. diphtheriae</em> plasmid CP091096, indicating horizontal gene transfer between species. To elucidate the function of the three genes in the <em>pbp2c</em> locus, we constructed plasmids with different combinations of these genes, transformed β-lactam sensitive isolates with the plasmids and tested resistance in the mutants phenotypically. By doing so we confirmed Pbp2c to be the primary factor conferring β-lactam resistance and HdfR and BlaB being important for expression and regulation. Interestingly, resistance to all β-lactams including carbapenems was constitutive in one <em>C. auriscanis</em> transformant while an induction effect was visible for the other transformed <em>C. auriscanis</em> strain, <em>C. glutamicum</em> and <em>C. rouxii</em> as previously described for <em>C. jeikeium</em>. Therefore, testing of β-lactam resistance should be done in combination including induction in <em>Corynebacterium</em> spp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into Rickettsiales in blood and ticks of two-humped camels at Gansu Province, China: With an accidental detection of Colpodella sp.","authors":"Muhammad Kashif Obaid ,&nbsp;Xinting Lan ,&nbsp;Qiaoyun Ren ,&nbsp;Jehan Zeb ,&nbsp;Jin Luo ,&nbsp;Jifei Yang ,&nbsp;Wenyu Jia ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Zan ,&nbsp;Hong Yin ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rashid ,&nbsp;Guiquan Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging infectious diseases caused by various tick-borne microorganisms (TBMs) pose public and animal health concerns, including camels, with no defined global distribution. In this study, 150 blood samples and 288 ticks were collected from symptomatic two-humped camels (<em>Camelus bactrianus</em>) in Gaotai County, Gansu Province, China. Morphologically identified ticks were confirmed using cytochrome oxidase I (<em>COI</em>), and the findings revealed two species, <em>Hyalomma asiaticum</em> and <em>Haemaphysalis longicornis</em> (prevalence: 245/288 [88.19 %] and 34/288 [11.81 %], respectively). The extracted Genomic DNA from blood and ticks was processed by conventional PCR to investigate the existing TBMs based on <em>16S rRNA</em>, <em>18S rRNA</em>, and <em>17-kDa</em> genes. Different TBMs, including <em>Anaplasma bovis</em>, <em>Colpodella</em> sp., <em>Rickettsia rickettsii</em>, and <em>Candidatus</em> Rickettsia jingxinensis, have been documented as single infections at different rates. High single infection rates (198/218; 90.83 % and 117/150; 78.00 %) of <em>A. bovis</em> in <em>Hy. asiaticum</em> and camel blood were recorded, whereas the lowest single infection rate (3/22; 13.64 %) of <em>R. rickettsii</em> was noted in <em>Hae. longicornis</em>. Co-infection with <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. + <em>A. bovis</em> (20/288; 6.94 %)<em>, Colpodella</em> sp. + <em>A. bovis</em> (14/288; 4.86 %)<em>, Colpodella</em> sp. + <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. (1/288; 0.35 %), and <em>Colpodella</em> sp. + <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. + <em>A. bovis</em> (1/288; 0.35 %) were recorded as concurrent infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the representative TBMs have close similarities and clustered together with their corresponding isolates from China, South Korea, India, the USA, Mexico, Bangladesh, Malawi, Japan, Pakistan, Cyprus, Nigeria, Poland, and Brazil. These findings present a preliminary baseline regarding TBMs infection in camel blood and ticks and provide a framework for further studies on the prevalence and effective control measures for ticks and tick-associated diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological characteristics of the recombinant pseudorabies virus with chimeric PCV Cap protein in pigs","authors":"Chenhe Lu ,&nbsp;Wenjing Chen ,&nbsp;Heng Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Xing ,&nbsp;Jiayu Ma ,&nbsp;Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Linglong Qin ,&nbsp;Liu Da ,&nbsp;Shiping Sun ,&nbsp;Peng Peng ,&nbsp;Haimin Li ,&nbsp;Yulan Jin ,&nbsp;Yan Yan ,&nbsp;Shiyue Pan ,&nbsp;Weiren Dong ,&nbsp;Jinyan Gu ,&nbsp;Jiyong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the main pathogens causing porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD). We recently reported the immunogenicity of the recombinant PRV with an envelope-embedded Cap protein of PCV2 (PRV-Cap) in mice. Here, we further evaluated the immunoprotective efficacy of PRV-Cap virus in pigs. Following vaccination, the PRV-Cap stimulated the production of neutralizing antibodies against PRV and PCV2, along with protected piglets from the challenge of the lethal PRV, the virulent PCV2b and PCV2d. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells analysis revealed that PRV-Cap virus effectively induced proliferation and activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells, as well as an increase in T follicular helper cells, although γδ T and B cells did not show significant differences. Compared to DMEM control piglets, the expanded CD4 and CD8 T cells exhibited an effector memory T cell phenotype, and <em>in vitro</em> stimulation led to PRV- and PCV2-specific IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion, peaking at 21 days post-immunization. In summary, PRV-Cap virus effectively prevents PRV, PCV2b and PCV2d challenges in piglets by simultaneously inducing both PRV- and PCV2-specific humoral and cellular immunity, indicating that PRV-Cap virus is a promising and safe candidate vaccine for combined PRV and PCV2 immunization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}