Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Pseudorabies virus EP0 protein targets cGAS and STING for degradation through autophagy.","authors":"Jingyi Wang, Kesen Liu, Hanhua Zhang, Wandi Cao, Yang Yan, Chengyue Wu, Xingya Wang, Xingmiao Yang, Xing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cGAS-STING axis is a central DNA-sensing pathway that initiates antiviral immune responses, yet the mechanisms by which viruses evade this defense system remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify the early protein EP0 of pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, as a viral virulence factor. Mechanistically, PRV EP0 suppresses cGAS-STING-mediated innate immunity by promoting the degradation of both cGAS and STING via the autophagy-lysosome pathway, thereby inhibiting downstream phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3. This degradation is strictly dependent on the structural integrity of EP0's functional domains. Notably, deletion of cGAS or STING significantly enhances replication of EP0-deficient PRV. Together, these findings establish PRV EP0 as a key antagonist of cGAS-STING-mediated innate immunity, offering insights that may inform the development of more effective vaccines and antiviral therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"311 ","pages":"110766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145347614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni infection and exudative glomerulonephritis in rehabilitated gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Ireland","authors":"Michelle Imlau ,&nbsp;Tristan Russel ,&nbsp;John A. Browne ,&nbsp;Ruth A. O’Connell ,&nbsp;Hayleigh Gray ,&nbsp;Brendan Doyle ,&nbsp;Hanne Jahns","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis in pinnipeds is nearly exclusively reported in California sea lions (<em>Zalophus californianus</em>), in which the disease is believed to be endemic. There, the Pomona serovar is the predominant cause and severe lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis is the characteristic pathological finding. The present study reports on nine cases of leptospirosis in gray seals (<em>Halichoerus grypus</em>) and harbor seals (<em>Phoca vitulina</em>) diagnosed over a period of 13 months at the Seal Rescue Centre, County Wexford, Ireland. The seals presented with jaundice, additional clinical signs included labored breathing and coughing, hemoptysis, epistaxis and anorexia. The seals were either found dead or had a clinical course of 6 days maximum. During post mortem examination the main gross lesions were jaundice and varying degrees of visceral hemorrhages. Common histological findings were acute renal tubular necrosis, exudative glomerulonephritis (GN), hepatocyte dissociation and pulmonary hemorrhage. Exudative GN was characterized by markedly expanded urinary spaces filled with extravasated erythrocytes and fibrin in the absence of immune complexes. This unique lesion has only recently been associated with leptospirosis in dogs. Immunohistochemistry and/or PCR detected <em>Leptospira</em> sp. in the affected seals. Subsequent multilocus sequence typing using six different primer pairs targeting <em>secY</em>, <em>adk</em>, <em>icdA</em>, <em>LipL41</em>, <em>rrs2</em>, and <em>LipL32</em> obtained sequences that closely matched <em>L. interrogans</em> isolates belonging to the Copenhageni serovar. The infection occurred in the center and terrestrial reservoirs such as rats are a likely source. This report details for the first time the presentation and diagnosis of an important zoonosis in seals in rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 110764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145326520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CircLSM14A regulates PEDV replication via the miR-27b-5p/HMGB1 axis","authors":"Yuxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Liang ,&nbsp;Weilong Yang ,&nbsp;Hailong Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Ouyang ,&nbsp;Junyi Luo ,&nbsp;Jiajie Sun ,&nbsp;Qianyun Xi ,&nbsp;Yongliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Ting Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including the complex interactions between viruses and hosts. However, the regulatory mechanism by which porcine milk exosome-derived circRNAs affect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) replication remains poorly understood. Building on our previous sequencing analysis of non-coding RNAs in porcine milk exosomes, we identified circRNA molecules that may regulate PEDV replication in the intestines of piglets and validated these findings at both the cellular and piglet intestinal organoid levels. The results demonstrated that circLSM14A was present in porcine milk exosomes, acted as an endogenous miR-27b-5p sponge, and sequestered and inhibited miR-27b-5p activity. This inhibition increased the expression of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), which subsequently promoted the expression of downstream signaling molecules, including TLR4, NF-κB1, NF-κB2, Rel, and Beclin1, and ultimately enhanced PEDV replication at cellular and intestinal organoid levels. This study identifies circLSM14A as one of the regulators involved in PEDV replication in porcine milk exosomes. These findings advance our understanding of the biological functions of circLSM14A and clarify the role of non-coding RNAs carried by milk exosomes in regulating PEDV replication. This research provides new insights and approaches for the prevention and control of PEDV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 110762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic peptide vaccines targeting SVA elicit robust protective immune responses in swine","authors":"Yamei Li ,&nbsp;Nan Cao ,&nbsp;Bo Yin ,&nbsp;Mingfang Ji ,&nbsp;Xiangzu Liu ,&nbsp;Shudan Liu ,&nbsp;Mingjin Jiao ,&nbsp;Xiangmin Li ,&nbsp;Ping Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Senecavirus</em> A (SVA), an emerging pathogen in swine, causes vesicular disease with clinical manifestations similar to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), vesicular stomatitis (VS), and swine vesicular disease (SVD), posing a significant economic threat to the global swine industry. Therefore, it is of vital importance to develop a safe and effective SVA vaccine. In this study, guided by the principles of synthetic biology, we designed and synthesized two SVA candidate synthetic peptides, TT-073 and TT-074, based on the highly conserved B-cell neutralizing epitope VP2_150–160aa from the SVA capsid protein, and a helper T-cell epitope derived from the F protein of the urticaria virus. These peptides were synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Initially, we systematically evaluated the immunogenicity of the synthetic peptides in mice when combined with various adjuvants. The results demonstrated that the Montanide ISA 50Vc adjuvant, in conjunction with the synthetic peptides, elicited the most robust immune response. Building upon this finding, we subsequently formulated the TT-073 and TT-074 synthetic peptide vaccines in varying dosage regimens with Montanide ISA 50Vc adjuvant for swine immunization. Compared to TT-073 synthetic peptide, the TT-074 synthetic peptide exhibited superior immunogenicity. Notably, the high-dose formulation of the TT-074 synthetic peptide induced higher levels of neutralizing antibodies (1:111) while effectively activating both humoral and cellular immune responses, thereby providing robust protection against SVA challenge. This study underscores the immense potential of synthetic biology in vaccine development and provides critical theoretical insights for the future development of synthetic peptide vaccines targeting other pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 110763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Mycoplasma bovis isolated from bovine respiratory disease and bovine mastitis in Chile","authors":"Matías Goddard ,&nbsp;Joscelyn San Martín ,&nbsp;Jose Arturo Molina-Mora ,&nbsp;Luis Collado ,&nbsp;Jaime Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Nicolás Galarce ,&nbsp;Armin Mella","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma bovis</em>, a major bacterial pathogen for cattle, is responsible for diseases such as pneumonia, mastitis, otitis, and arthritis, leading to substantial economic losses and animal welfare concerns. Despite its wide global distribution, there is limited information in South America. <em>M. bovis</em> has been reported as a mastitis agent in Chile, but its genetic diversity is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of <em>M. bovis</em> isolates from Chilean dairy cattle (from bovine respiratory disease and mastitis cases) in the last two decades and evaluate their genetic relatedness with strains isolated in different countries using a whole genome sequencing approach. The <em>M. bovis</em> population in Chile was found to be highly homogeneous, with MLST and phylogenomic analysis identifying ST60 as the dominant clone, representing most of the isolates (97.8 %), while just one isolate was typed as ST12 (2.2 %). Phylogenomic analysis revealed close genetic relatedness among most Chilean isolates, showing a close genetic relationship with North American strains, forming a tight clade with Canadian ST60 strains, while the single Chilean ST12 isolate clustered with North American, Israeli, and European strains and clustered with the type strain (PG45) of this species. Moreover, the pangenome analysis confirms that <em>M. bovis</em> has an open pangenome, with a large range of accessory genes that remain largely unexplored and may hold key insights into its genome plasticity, thereby opening future research. The findings of this study provide the first insights into the Chilean population structure of <em>M. bovis</em>, contributing to the global epidemiology of this pathogen with a focus on South America. These results also open future research focused on the comprehensive characterization of this dominant clone, inspiring the scientific community to further exploration into the genetic diversity of <em>M. bovis</em> in Chile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 110752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145303742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two residue mutations in VP1 of FMDV serotype A cause significant antigenic variation via reorientation of G-H loop revealed by lineage-specific neutralizing antibodies from the natural hosts","authors":"Shulun Huang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Yang ,&nbsp;Fengjuan Li ,&nbsp;Hehe Zhang ,&nbsp;Yimei Cao ,&nbsp;Jingjing Zha ,&nbsp;Huifang Bao ,&nbsp;Pinghua Li ,&nbsp;Linfeng Liang ,&nbsp;Zaixin Liu ,&nbsp;Kun Li ,&nbsp;Zengjun Lu ,&nbsp;Jinlian Hua ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A exhibits extensive genetic and antigenic diversity, complicating vaccine strain selection. Here, we identified two distinct panels of host-derived neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) specific to the SEA97 lineage. The majority of nAbs (10/11) targeted antigenic site 2, while one bovine-derived antibody recognized residue 138 in the VP1 G-H loop. Compared with the ancestral A/AF72 strain of the A22 lineage, the T138A substitution and 140 N deletion on VP1 significantly enhanced the cross-neutralizing activity of SEA97 lineage-specific antibodies against the VP1 G-H loop and antigenic site 2, extending their coverage to the mutated A/AF72 strain. Neutralization assays with porcine immune sera further demonstrated that these mutations are key contributors to antigenic divergence between the A22 and SEA97 lineages. Structural simulations indicated that the T138A substitution and 140 N deletion in VP1 shifted the G-H loop conformation of A/AF72 strain toward that of SEA97 lineages, implicating them as molecular determinants of lineage-specific antigenicity. These findings suggest that substitution or deletion of upstream polar residues of the RGD motif reshaped G-H loop orientation, thereby contributing to antigenic variation in Asia topotype of FMDV serotype A.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 110748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145303688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-locus sequence analysis of Anaplasma in the common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) from South Africa","authors":"Keaton Rea ,&nbsp;Peter Buss ,&nbsp;Armanda Bastos","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence and diversity of <em>Anaplasma</em> in common warthog (<em>Phacochoerus africanus</em>) was investigated using a multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) approach targeting the 16S rRNA, citrate synthase (<em>gltA)</em> and heat-shock operon (<em>groESL</em>) genes. PCR screening of 100 warthog samples from the Kruger National Park in South Africa with eight published assays identified 50 positive animals, all of which were initially identified with the 16S rRNA assay. In contrast, the <em>gltA</em> and six <em>groESL</em> assays recovered PCR-positivity rates of 2 % and 0 %-4 %, respectively. As optimisation did not improve <em>Anaplasma</em> detection rates, an alternative <em>groESL</em> assay targeting a 923 bp region was designed. This new assay detected 45 positive animals, all of which were positive with the 16S rRNA assay. Nucleotide sequencing of the three MLSA gene targets confirmed that 50 % (50/100) of warthogs were <em>Anaplasma-</em>positive. Juvenile warthogs displayed a significantly higher infection rate (15/18; 83.3 %) than adults (35/82; 42,68 %). Phylogenetic analyses of individual and concatenated gene datasets confirmed that the <em>Anaplasma</em> species in warthogs is closely related to the species detected in <em>Ornithodoros</em> soft ticks from Zambia. This, together with the high levels of nucleotide sequence identity (≥98.97 %), suggests the likely existence of a host-restricted cycle involving warthogs and the soft ticks that inhabit their burrows. Based on the distinctiveness and monophyly of the <em>Anaplasma</em> species in warthogs and <em>Ornithodoros</em> soft ticks, confirmed through genetic characterisation of three gene regions, we propose that <em>Candidatus</em> status be assigned and suggest “<em>Candidatus</em> Anaplasma ornithodorii”.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 110751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pathogenicity of a Korean NADC34-like Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain in pregnant gilts","authors":"Sehyeong Ham,&nbsp;Chanhee Chae","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains a major cause of reproductive failure in swine, with emerging NADC34-like strains drawing increasing attention due to their enhanced virulence and association with late-term abortion. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of a Korean NADC34-like isolate, SNUVP231106, in eight PRRSV-free pregnant gilts. Infected animals exhibited fever, anorexia, lethargy, and one case requiring euthanasia, despite the absence of prominent respiratory signs. Serum TNF-α and IFN-α levels were significantly elevated compared with the control group. All four inoculated gilts delivered prematurely at gestation days 110–112, and all 51 fetuses were stillborn, including autolytic, decomposed, and mummified forms. Real-time qPCR confirmed viremia between dpi 4–7 and seroconversion by dpi 7. Notably, PRRSV RNA was detected in 67 % of fetal serum and 95 % of thymus samples, with higher viral loads in the thymus. Although histopathological changes were not apparent, PRRSV antigens were detected in thymic macrophages via IHC. The Korean NADC34-like strain SNUVP231106 was shown in this study to cause severe systemic illness and reproductive failure in pregnant gilts. These findings will contribute to the development of diagnostic and preventive strategies for NADC34-like strains, and potentially for other highly virulent PRRSV variants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 110750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ITR regions play a significant role in modulating viral pathogenicity demonstrated by the reverse genetics system of a novel goose parvovirus","authors":"Yongzhi Xue ,&nbsp;Mandi Liu ,&nbsp;Longhai Ji ,&nbsp;Baishi Lei ,&nbsp;Wenbin Lu ,&nbsp;Hongze Pang ,&nbsp;Kuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Wuchao Zhang ,&nbsp;Man Hu ,&nbsp;Wanzhe Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel Goose Parvovirus (NGPV) a variant of goose parvovirus, induces typical short beak and dwarfism syndrome (SBDS) in Cherry Valley ducks. Clinically, SBDS is characterized by an atrophied and shortened beak, a protruding tongue, brittle and fracture-prone bones, and growth retardation. The Goose parvovirus genome harbors complex inverted repeat sequences (ITRs) at both ends of the genome. Currently, direct evidence elucidating the role of the ITR region in viral pathogenicity remains limited, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of goose parvovirus. In this study, we established a reverse genetics operating system for NGPV and successfully constructed and rescued two strains that differ exclusively in the ITR region at either genome terminus via transfection into duck embryos. Comparative pathogenicity analyses revealed distinct virulence profiles between the two rescued strains. This reverse genetic manipulation system provides an operational platform for studying goose parvovirus in the molecular biology, vaccine development, diagnosis, function of structural domains, and disease pathogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 110746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) inhibits PCV2 replication by targeting ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 mRNA","authors":"Minggang Lei ,&nbsp;Changying Wang ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Sun ,&nbsp;Yunliang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary cause of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and other PCV-associated diseases (PCVAD). Here we report the antiviral properties of porcine ZAP long isoform (pZAPL), encoded by <em>ZC3HAV1</em> gene, against PCV2, a single-stranded circular DNA virus. The expression of porcine ZAP responds to PCV2 infection <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Notably, the antiviral activity of pZAPL appears to be stronger than short isoform of pZAP (pZAPS). Further dual luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation analyses showed that pZAPL targeted the ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 mRNAs of PCV2. Overexpression of pZAPL could impact the mRNA stability of ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3. In summary, porcine ZAPL inhibits the replication of PCV2 by targeting the mRNA of ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3. The findings from this study further extend the understanding of the role of pZAP in porcine antiviral innate immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"311 ","pages":"Article 110743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}