Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Signal peptides enhance immunogenicity and protection of recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis vectors against Streptococcus suis","authors":"Yu-an Li ,&nbsp;Yi Feng ,&nbsp;Huan Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yuqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Huoying Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Streptococcus suis</em> (<em>S. suis</em>) is prevalent worldwide, threatening the pig farming industry and public health. At present, there is no effective vaccine. <em>Salmonella</em> vectors are highly attractive vaccine platforms that can deliver foreign antigens to induce protective responses. However, the limited secretion and release of foreign antigens limit the immunogenicity. Here, we employed 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), a protective antigen of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), as a model antigen to evaluate how signal peptide (SP) selection influences antigen expression dynamics and immunogenicity in Salmonella vectors. Three heterologous SP fusion constructs, PelB-6PGD (P-6PGD), DsbA-6PGD (D-6PGD), and Bla/ss-6PGD (B-6PGD), were subjected to comparative analysis of expression efficiency, subcellular localization, and subsequent immune responses. While cytoplasmic expression levels showed no significant differences among constructs, recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) strain rSC0016(pS-P-6PGD) carrying PelB-6PGD exhibited significantly enhanced periplasmic accumulation and superior extracellular secretion efficiency in culture supernatants. The strong ability of PelB SP to secrete proteins leads to better uptake of the foreign antigen by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). After the strong antigen-specific humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity induced was characterized, rSC0016(pS-P-6PGD)-immunized mice achieved significantly superior protection than rSC0016(pS-B-6PGD) and rSC0016(pS-D-6PGD) groups. Histopathological assessments further corroborated these findings, revealing minimal SS2-induced lesions in the lungs and brains of rSC0016(pS-P-6PGD)-immunized mice. Collectively, these findings establish PelB as an excellent SP for enhancing extracellular antigen secretion in Salmonella vectors, thereby amplifying both humoral and cellular immunity critical for defense against invasive bacterial pathogens such as SS2. This study provides a strategic framework for optimizing antigen delivery in live-vectored vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal and cross-sectional study of Chlamydia serpentis in captive snakes: Insights from two successive outbreaks in a zoological institution","authors":"Huberdeau Pierre ,&nbsp;Aaziz Rachid ,&nbsp;Jouvion Gregory ,&nbsp;Laidebeure Sylvie ,&nbsp;Borel Nicole ,&nbsp;Lécu Alexis ,&nbsp;Laroucau Karine","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the <em>Chlamydia</em> species known to infect snakes, <em>C. serpentis</em> is a recently described pathogen. A first outbreak of <em>C. serpentis</em> in the snake collection of a zoological institution was documented in 2018. In 2023, a wild-caught asp viper (<em>Vipera aspis</em>) tested positive by PCR for <em>C. serpentis</em>, following introduction with two snakes of the same species that had tested positive in 2018. Real-time PCR analysis was used to detect the presence of <em>C. serpentis</em> in oral/cloacal swabs and tissue samples from snakes, and environmental samples from the terrariums of confirmed infected individuals. A sequential screening of 29 snakes was performed based on disease-risk analysis, with 5/29 (17.2 %) testing positive, including the three asp vipers and two co-housed European long-nosed vipers (<em>Vipera ammodytes</em>), all belonging to the same epidemiological unit. All three snakes treated with 5 mg/kg marbofloxacin intramuscularly daily tested PCR negative following treatment. Comparison of the <em>omp</em>A sequences and MLST profiles of the strains involved in the 2018 and 2023 outbreaks suggests a single source of contamination and unique circulating strain. As in 2018, the origin of the infection remains unknown, but potential sources include persistent infection and/or intermittent shedding among infected snakes from the 2018 outbreak, environmental persistence, or introduction via the newly acquired wild-caught viper. These successive outbreaks provide insights into the epidemiology and dynamics of <em>C. serpentis</em> infections in captive snakes, further supporting the need for integrated management strategies combining medical treatment, environmental decontamination, and epidemiological unit management to minimize cross-contamination and prevent pathogen transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral activity of Stephania japonica extract against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection","authors":"Yong Zhao ,&nbsp;Baochao Fan ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Min Sun ,&nbsp;Rongli Guo ,&nbsp;Tao Tang ,&nbsp;Mi Hu ,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a major cause of diarrhea in piglets, causing substantial economic losses to the global swine industry. At present, no specific antiviral medications are available to treat PEDV infections. Natural compounds, with their wide availability, diverse biological activities, and low toxicity, have emerged as promising candidates for antiviral drug discovery. This study screened eight plant-derived bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including cepharanthine and tetrandrine, to assess their anti-PEDV activity in vitro. The results demonstrated that cepharanthine extracts significantly reduced viral titers and genome copies, indicating strong anti-PEDV activity. Notably, the botanical extracts exerted antiviral effects at both the initial stage of infection and the late phase of virion release, as evidenced by reduced viral output and suppressed mRNA synthesis. Molecular docking and dynamic analyses revealed that cepharanthine binds to PEDV 3CLpro (Mpro) protease through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, forming a stable complex. This interaction likely impairs Mpro function, thereby inhibiting viral replication and the synthesis of related proteins. In vivo experiments further confirmed that piglets treated with cepharanthine extracts exhibited significantly lower viral loads and better preservation of intestinal structure compared to the control group. These findings provide key insights into the antiviral effects of cepharanthine extracts, supporting their potential for further development as anti-PEDV therapies and as a foundation for plant-derived antiviral compound research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics profiling reveals infectious bursal disease virus-induced alterations in gene expression and metabolism in chicken bursa of fabricius","authors":"Cuiping Song ,&nbsp;Siyu Li ,&nbsp;Yanmei Yuan ,&nbsp;Wei Gao ,&nbsp;Xusheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Lei Tan ,&nbsp;Yingjie Sun ,&nbsp;Ning Tang ,&nbsp;Yang Qu ,&nbsp;Ying Liao ,&nbsp;Chan Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by IBDV, characterized by inflammation, atrophy of the Bursa of Fabricius, and immunosuppression. This study infected 21-day-old SPF chickens with three IBDV strains (classical YZ, very virulent AH, and variant SD). On day 7 post-infection, bursa samples were collected for transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Metabolite profiles were analyzed using multivariate statistics, and KEGG enrichment analysis was used to identify dysregulated pathways, elucidating the transcriptional and metabolic responses in IBDV-infected bursa tissue. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1733 DEGs in the YZ group, 5731 in the AH group, and 84 in the SD group. Gene Ontology clustering of common SDE genes between virus-infected and control groups focused on cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes；KEGG enrichment showed they were mainly involved in lipid-related metabolic pathways for the three IBDV subtypes. Metabolomic analysis detected 460 significantly changed metabolites per subtype after IBDV infection. Lipid metabolism disorders were associated with IBDV, involving L-carnitine and other substances；KEGG analysis indicated the main pathways were lipid-related, like arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Moreover, this study verified mRNA levels of cytokines, NLRP3 protein level, and AA content. IBDV infection induces differential gene expression related to host immune response and metabolic regulation at the transcriptomic level, with metabolomic changes mainly involving lipid metabolism. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics provides a comprehensive understanding of the host’s response to IBDV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of conformational epitopes on VP1 of Senecavirus A by monoclonal antibodies and phage display","authors":"Zhanyun Tian ,&nbsp;Lan Lv ,&nbsp;Shiyu Chen ,&nbsp;Manxin An ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Li ,&nbsp;Wanzhe Yuan ,&nbsp;Limin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Senecavirus A (SVA) has caused widespread outbreaks across various countries, leading to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NAbs) play a crucial role in investigating host-virus interactions, facilitating vaccine development, and preventing SVA infections. In this study, eight NAbs targeting VP1 were generated, identifying seven distinct antigenic epitopes. Phage display was used to locate the epitopes of the prepared monoclonal antibodies. Using phage display technology, the epitopes recognized by these monoclonal antibodies were precisely mapped. The results showed that the epitope “SHHLGPAPHFLA” was identified by 6D26, with critical residues at H₁₆₂, G₁₆₅, P₁₆₈, and F₁₇₁. And the motif “HGAVRTGTWLAQ” was determined to bind 6D22, involving residues H₁₆₂, G₁₆₅, A₁₇₂, G₁₇₆, and W₁₈₄. Three additional epitopes--“HTAIQPVAHPIV” (recognized by 4A1), “SSQSASWPAWLA” (4A2), and “NHPGSWISALDW” (4A20) --were also characterized. For 6D25, four potential binding sites (P₁₃₂, L₂₀₁, H₂₁₁, R₂₂₃) were identified, while 4A3 interacted with R₁₆₆, L₂₀₁, S₂₀₃, T₂₀₅, H₂₁₁, W₂₁₄, and Y₂₁₈. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) confirmed that the selected conformational epitopes were effectively recognized by their respective monoclonal antibodies. These findings provide valuable insights for enriching our understanding of the B cell epitopes of SVA VP1 protein, and may contribute to SVA vaccine design, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial species associated with bovine digital dermatitis of Finnish dairy cows using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and Treponema species-specific 4-plex real-time PCR","authors":"Aino Riihimäki ,&nbsp;Tuomas Hintikka ,&nbsp;Jayaprakash Balamuralikrishna ,&nbsp;Anniina Jaakkonen ,&nbsp;Hertta Pirkkalainen ,&nbsp;Mikko Lehtonen ,&nbsp;Heli Simojoki ,&nbsp;Minna Kujala-Wirth ,&nbsp;Timo Soveri ,&nbsp;Sinikka Pelkonen ,&nbsp;Taru Lienemann","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a widespread polybacterial skin disorder affecting dairy and beef cattle, leading to significant animal welfare and economic problems worldwide. The disease primarily affects the hind feet skin, causing painful inflammation between the heel bulbs and resulting in lameness. This study investigated the bacterial compositions in different DD lesion stages and in healthy skin biopsy samples from 151 dairy cows on 36 Finnish farms. The lesions were first classified into six categories, including healthy skin (M0) and samples from different DD lesion stages (M1-M4.1). Additionally, 13 healthy skin samples (M0HH) from cows in low DD (&lt;5 %) prevalence herds served as controls. Bacterial profiling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the presence of three dominant phyla in active DD lesions: <em>Firmicutes</em> (39 %), <em>Bacteroidota</em> (31 %), and <em>Spirochaetota</em> (24 %), and altogether 11 <em>Treponema</em> species were detected. Real-time PCR was used to verify the presence of four common pathogenic considered species (<em>T. phagedenis</em>, <em>T. denticola, T. medium</em> and <em>T. pedis</em>), but only <em>T. phagedenis</em>, <em>T. denticola</em> were detected<em>.</em> This study indicated that DD is a polybacterial disease, with <em>Treponema</em> species abundant in active DD lesions. A higher <em>Treponema</em> count in Western Finland was associated with larger and more severe DD lesions, emphasizing the need for targeted and effective control measures in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRIM25 potentiates innate immune response to Senecavirus A by enhancing K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and K48-linked ubiquitin-facilitated degradation of PFKP","authors":"Shuo Li ,&nbsp;Yinxiang Fang ,&nbsp;Linyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Chunhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Siyu Chen ,&nbsp;Zhangyong Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The in-depth understand of interaction between Senecavirus A (SVA) and the host is of great significance to control viral prevalence. Here, tripartite motif 25 (TRIM25) potentiates innate immune response to SVA by enhancing K48-linked ubiquitin-facilitated degradation of platelet type phosphofructokinase (PFKP) and K63-linked ubiquitination of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) was reported. Infection experiments results showed TRIM25 enhanced the K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I to activate innate immune response to SVA. TRIM25 inhibits SVA-induced glycolysis by enhancing K48-linked ubiquitin-facilitated degradation of PFKP, which is confirmed to inhibit the RIG-I signal pathway by increasing glycolysis. And TRIM25 induced degradation of PFKP is associated with 26S proteasome. Furthermore, SVA inhibits the K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I by destabilizing the interaction between TRIM25 and RIG-I, and decreases the K48-linked ubiquitination of PFKP mediated by TRIM25. These results provide new data on interaction between SVA and the host, and depict a novel pathway for SVA to achieve immune escape based on TRIM25.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recombinant adenovirus-vectored PEDV vaccine co-expressing S1 and N proteins enhances mucosal immunity and confers protection in piglets","authors":"Yi Luo ,&nbsp;Shijie Yan ,&nbsp;YanLi Shi ,&nbsp;MeiMei Zhang ,&nbsp;LeLe Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuo Zheng ,&nbsp;Jie Ni ,&nbsp;Pinghuang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious enteric coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal piglets. Effective control requires systemic, mucosal, and T cell-mediated immune responses, highlighting the need for a safe, effective, and versatile vaccine platform. In this study, a recombinant adenovirus type 5-based vaccine co-expressing the PEDV S1 and N proteins (rAd5-S1-N) was developed, and its immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated in mice and piglets. Intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice with rAd5-S1-N induced strong and sustained mucosal and systemic responses, with S1-specific IgA detected in both mucosal tissues and serum up to 12 weeks post-immunization. Systemic IgG responses were also robust via intramuscular, intranasal, and intraperitoneal routes, with geometric mean titers reaching ∼<span><math><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> by week 4 and remaining stable through week 12. In piglets, immunization via the houhai acupoint elicited significantly stronger humoral and cellular responses than the intramuscular route, as evidenced by a 3.6- to 4.1-fold increase in S1- and N-specific IFN-γ–secreting T cells. Both immunization routes induced durable S1-specific IgG responses that remained stable for at least 11 weeks. Importantly, rAd5-S1-N conferred protection in actively immunized piglets against high-dose oral PEDV challenge (2 × <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>TCID</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>), and provided passive protection to neonatal piglets via colostrum antibodies after sow immunization, as indicated by reduced viral shedding, shortened diarrhea duration, milder intestinal lesions, and improved weight gain. These findings demonstrate the potential of rAd5-S1-N as a promising vaccine candidate for effective PEDV prevention in swine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The isolation and immunoprotective efficacy of outer membrane vesicles of Dichelobacter nodosus","authors":"Xianjing He ,&nbsp;Yu Shi ,&nbsp;Jiao Liu ,&nbsp;Shan Fu ,&nbsp;Baiqi Wang ,&nbsp;Bao Li ,&nbsp;Yujia Sang ,&nbsp;Kai Jiang ,&nbsp;Dongbo Sun ,&nbsp;Donghua Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Dichelobacter nodosus</em> is a major causative agent of infectious foot diseases in ruminants, responsible for substantial economic losses globally in the livestock industry. The development of a vaccine is therefore of great importance. In this study, we employed density gradient ultracentrifugation to extract outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from <em>D. nodosus</em> and evaluated their immunoprotective effects. The extracted OMVs were spherical structures with an average diameter of 144 nm, predominantly comprising outer membrane proteins, toxin proteins, and lipoproteins, mainly involved in biological processes such as cellular protein metabolism and protein transmembrane transport. Mice immunized with OMVs showed significantly increased production of serum antigen-specific antibodies (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). In addition, compared with the control group, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-1 in the serum of mice at 35 days post-immunization was significantly upregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The protective efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by challenging with an intraperitoneal injection of 10 LD50 doses of <em>D. nodosus</em>, and the OMVs provided 100 % protection. Histopathological examination and tissue bacterial load detection revealed that the OMVs significantly alleviated tissue damage and bacterial colonization (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). These findings provide a valuable reference and new strategies for the development of vaccines against <em>D. nodosus</em> to prevent infectious foot diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of an optimal vaccination strategy for H120 and NNA vaccines against the novel HX strain of the IBV GVI-1 genotype","authors":"Limei Qin,&nbsp;Fan Yang,&nbsp;Shikai Cai,&nbsp;Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Sun,&nbsp;Mengmeng Zhao,&nbsp;Xinzheng Jia,&nbsp;Han Gao,&nbsp;Keshan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes significant economic losses to the global poultry industry. Recently, there has been a rapid spread of the GVI-1 lineage of IBV in Asia, particularly in China. However, to date there have been few studies that have assessed the immune protection efficacy of commonly used IB vaccines against the GVI-1 lineage strains. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of two commonly used vaccines, H120 and NNA, against the GVI-1 lineage HX strain based on serological neutralization tests and animal challenge protection experiments. The protective efficacy of sera from chickens immunized using different vaccination strategies against the HX strain was evaluated using chicken embryos, with the results indicating that a combined vaccination strategy using H120 and NNA provided better antiviral effects in chicken embryos than those obtained using either of these two vaccines administered alone. In challenge protection experiments on chicks, we assessed clinical symptoms, viral loads in the trachea and kidneys, and histopathological damage levels. The results revealed that when administered alone, the H120 and NNA vaccines were unable to provide complete protection against HX strain infection, whereas the combined vaccination reduced the pathological damage caused by infection. Multiple bioinformatics analyses revealed significant differences in the nucleic acid and amino acid similarities between the GVI-1 lineage strain HX and the attenuated vaccine strains H120 and NNA, particularly in the S1 gene antigenic epitopes. Our findings in this study, in which we examined the differences in immune protection efficacy of two IB vaccines against a GVI-1 lineage strain, can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing vaccine design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}