Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Validation of an in house iELISA for serodiagnosis of caprine brucellosis and evaluation of the performance of a B. neotomae lysate for the detection of anti-smooth Brucella specific antibodies in ruminants","authors":"Camila N. Foster ,&nbsp;Ursula A. Rossi ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Rossetti","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a widely used and effective tool for detection of anti-<em>Brucella</em> antibodies in serum, easy to perform with high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we validated an in-house indirect ELISA using <em>B. melitensis</em> whole cell lysate as antigen (Bm-WCL iELISA) for the serodiagnosis of caprine brucellosis and evaluated the use of BSL-2 <em>B. neotomae</em> in replacement of BSL-3 <em>Brucella</em> species as an antigen for the detection of <em>Brucella</em>-specific antibodies in ruminant sera. Using 724 serum samples from female crossbred goats classified as brucellosis-positive or -negative by both the buffered plate antigen (BPA) and the complement fixation (CF) tests, the Bm-WCL iELISA was successfully validated with a sensitivity (Se) of 91.83 % (88.51–94.25 %) and a specificity (Sp) of 97.41 % (95.41–98.70 %). In addition, the Bm-WCL iELISA showed a great concordance with a commercial iELISA kit (<em>k</em> = 0.94) in a subset of 217 serum samples. To avoid working with a BSL-3 <em>Brucella</em> for antigen preparation, we replaced it with a less virulent <em>Brucella</em> species such as <em>B. neotomae</em>. A total of 214 goat and 220 cow serum samples were evaluated for the diagnosis of brucellosis using the <em>B. neotomae</em> whole cell homogenate (Bn-WCL) iELISA. The analysis of the ROC curves suggested cut-off values of 63.83 PP for goats and 24.04 PP for cattle, with associated Se and Sp of 98.18 % (93.61–99.68 %) and 90.38 % (83.20–94.69 %) respectively in goat sera, and 95.45 % (89.80–98.04 %) and 96.36 % (91.02–98.58 %) of Se and Sp, respectively in cattle. These results confirm the utility of the in house Bm-WCL iELISA and encourage validation of the Bn-WCL iELISA for the serodiagnosis of ruminant brucellosis in resource-limited areas where the disease is endemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential emergence and quantitative dynamics of key bacterial species preceding digital dermatitis lesion onset in dairy cattle","authors":"Angelica Petersen Dias,&nbsp;Karin Orsel,&nbsp;Corienne Sarah Gammariello,&nbsp;Jeroen De Buck","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital dermatitis (DD) is a skin infection of cattle’s feet with multiple bacteria suspected to be involved, yet its precise etiopathogenesis remains unclear. This longitudinal study explored the temporal changes of seven DD-associated bacteria in feet developing lesions or remaining healthy, while simultaneously investigating their persistence in potential reservoirs as sources of infection. Weekly swabs were collected from feet skin and saliva of 53 Holstein cows without DD lesions sequentially enrolled at calving in a commercial dairy herd. At the end of the study, samples from all cases and a subset of matched controls were analyzed (1:2 ratio) at five-time points (weeks −3, −2, −1, 0 - when early signs of DD were observed - and +1) and subjected to qPCR targeting <em>Treponema phagedenis, T. medium, T. pedis, Porphyromonas levii, Bacteroides pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum</em>, and <em>F. mortiferum</em>. Linear mixed-effect models assessed the bacterial number changes within cows (cases) and between cows (cases vs controls). Throughout the study, 8 cows developed signs of DD. <em>P. levii, F. necrophorum,</em> and <em>B. pyogenes</em> numbers increased two weeks before the first visible lesion. <em>T. phagedenis</em> and <em>T. pedis</em> numbers increased one week before, suggesting a sequential colonization and potential synergism in triggering DD. Only <em>P. levii</em> and <em>F. necrophorum</em> were persistently present in saliva and skin, while <em>Treponema</em> spp. persisted solely in lesions. Our results inform specific bacterial dynamics associated with DD pathogenesis and might advise future attempts to effectively treat and control DD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomal miR-27a-5p attenuates inflammation through Toll-like receptor 7 in foodborne Salmonella infections","authors":"Mingjuan Qu ,&nbsp;Shengfa Su ,&nbsp;Linlin Jiang ,&nbsp;Xin Yu ,&nbsp;Jianlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Kexue Han ,&nbsp;Xingxiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> is a common food-borne pathogen that is highly pathogenic and infectious, causing serious harm to livestock breeding and food safety. Uncovering the mechanisms of <em>Salmonella</em> infection and immune evasion can effectively prevent <em>Salmonella</em> contamination of livestock and poultry food. Here, small RNA sequencing results showed that exosomes produced by naïve murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cells contained a unique enrichment of a set of microRNAs (miRNAs) after <em>Salmonella</em> infection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis verified that the tested miRNA (i.e. miR-27a-5p, miR-92a-1-5p and miR-1249-5p) showed similar expression patterns, consistent with small RNA sequencing data. TargetScan database predicted that the most promising targets for the differentially expressed miRNAs were abundant in the immune system, infectious diseases, and signal transduction pathways. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) was the target of miR-27a-5p. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results revealed that overexpression of miR-27a-5p suppressed inflammation by targeting TLR7/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and leading interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β cytokines slightly reduction in recipient macrophages, suggesting that exosomal miR-27a-5p uptake by naïve macrophages may inhibit pro-inflammatory macrophage differentiation. Therefore, these results contribute to our systematic understanding of the mechanism of exosomal miRNA in <em>Salmonella</em> infection, providing a potential target for preventing immune escape from <em>Salmonella</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glaesserella parasuis serotype 5 promotes pyroptosis via degrading Caveolin-1 in 3D4/21 cells","authors":"Huixing Lin ,&nbsp;Jianan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Zhou ,&nbsp;Hongjie Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Glaesserella parasuis</em> (<em>G. parasuis</em>) is an important pathogen, which can cause systemic inflammatory response in pigs and bring huge economic losses to the global swine industry. <em>G. parasuis</em> can induce a strong inflammatory response in the lungs under environmental changes and certain stress conditions. However, the underlying mechanism of this adverse response has not been thoroughly studied. In this study we demonstrated that <em>G. parasuis</em> serotype 5 strain (GPS5-SQ) has the potential to induce pyroptosis in 3D4/21 cells. GPS5-SQ could degrade the expression of Cav-1. Knockdown or overexpression of Cav-1 promoted or reduced the occurrence of pyroptosis, respectively. These results suggested that Cav-1 is involved in pyroptosis induced by GPS5-SQ in 3D4/21 cells. In addition, overexpression of Cav-1 suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting ASC oligomerization, resulted in reducing pyroptosis. In general, we found that GPS5-SQ infection could promote pyroptosis by degrading the expression of Cav-1. The results of the study revealed the new mechanism of inflammation induced by GPS5-SQ in 3D4/21 cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sus scrofa RNase L inhibits PRRSV replication by activation of type I IFN signaling pathway and apoptosis","authors":"Xiangju Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Cong ,&nbsp;Ping Jiang ,&nbsp;Mingming Zhou ,&nbsp;Ying Yu ,&nbsp;Dandan Jiang ,&nbsp;Yue Hu ,&nbsp;Juntong Li ,&nbsp;Jinxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying Cao ,&nbsp;Haowen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yijun Du ,&nbsp;Jing Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has become one of the most economically important diseases to the global pig industry. RNase L is a ubiquitous cellular endoribonuclease that is activated upon the binding of a specific ligand, 2′,5′-linked oligoadenylates (2–5 A), which is synthesized by oligoadenylate synthetases (OASs). However, whether Sus scrofa RNase L (sRNase L) could inhibit PRRSV replication and its mechanism have not been fully elucidated. In this study, sRNase L was cloned and characterized in homology and structure firstly. Then the antiviral activity of sRNase L against PRRSV was explored. Overexpression of sRNase L significantly inhibited the propagation of PRRSV when treated with 2–5 A or poly(I: C) or mock treated. Furthermore, sRNase L induced degradation of cellular and viral ssRNAs, enhanced the activation of IFN-β promoter and IFN-β expression, and induced apoptosis to inhibit PRRSV replication. Taken together, we have first elucidated the anti-PRRSV function and the underlying mechanism of sRNase L, which may provide a new strategy for preventing PRRSV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent but consecutive vaccination of modified live PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 provides better protection in nursery pigs","authors":"Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Shang ,&nbsp;Sankar Renu ,&nbsp;Santosh Dhakal ,&nbsp;Bradley Hogshead ,&nbsp;Yihong Xiao ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Fang ,&nbsp;Gourapura J. Renukaradhya","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus is a severe threat to the global swine industry. Modified live virus vaccines (MLVs) for two PRRSV species (PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2) are the most widely used approach to control PRRSV-caused diseases. For swine herds influenced by PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2, how to rationalize MLV immunization strategies for robust and cross-protective immune responses has been a long-lasting need. In this study, we found that the replication of PRRSV-1 is strongly suppressed by co-infection with PRRSV-2 <em>in vitro</em>, especially under concurrent co-infection conditions. We compared the adaptive immune responses between consecutive and concurrent vaccination methods in nursery pigs, vaccinated either 3 days apart (PRRSV-1 MLV followed by PRRSV-2 MLV, consecutive) or together on the same day (concurrent). PRRSV-1 RNAs were mainly detectable in the sera of consecutively vaccinated pigs. In contrast, PRRSV-2 RNAs in sera were not changed in both vaccination strategies. After the homologous PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2 challenge, we found that consecutive vaccination slightly improved PRRSV-1 viremia clearance and did not attenuate the PRRSV-2 viremia clearance. Both vaccination strategies induced comparable T-helper cell responses against PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 in peripheral blood before and after the challenge. Interestingly, consecutive vaccination induced significantly higher PRRSV-1-specific post-challenge T-helper and cytotoxic T cells responses in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes than concurrent vaccination. Furthermore, consecutive vaccination significantly improved neutralizing antibody responses against PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 in comparison with concurrent vaccination. In conclusion, consecutive vaccination appears to be better for viral clearance and induction of adaptive immune response, and our study provides a preliminary rationale to optimize PRRS MLV immunization strategy for better dual protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a single-dose phage cocktail on the reduction of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in suckling piglets","authors":"Viphavanh Chanthavong ,&nbsp;Nattha Vigad ,&nbsp;Wattana Pelyuntha ,&nbsp;David Yembilla Yamik ,&nbsp;Kitiya Vongkamjan ,&nbsp;Mingkwan Yingkajorn ,&nbsp;Warangkhana Chaisowwong ,&nbsp;Kittiphong Tippaya ,&nbsp;Phacharaporn Tadee ,&nbsp;Kridda Chukiatsiri","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotics are commonly used in pig farming to control infections caused by diarrhea-causing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>). However, improper or excessive use of antibiotics in pigs can enhance antibiotic resistance (ABR). This study used bacteriophage (phage) treatment to control ABR <em>E. coli</em> in diarrheal suckling piglets. Fifty <em>E. coli</em> isolates were previously isolated from suckling pigs, which showed resistance to amoxicillin (100 %), oxytetracycline and neomycin (94 %), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (70 %), gentamicin (56 %), cephalexin (54 %), enrofloxacin (42 %), and colistin (28 %). Five phages (WPEC1, WPEC2, WPEC3, WPEC4, and WPEC5) were included in this study. These phages showed a diverse lytic profile ranging from 46.0 % to 64.0 % on the tested ABR <em>E. coli</em> isolates. The phage cocktail reduced the count of five representative <em>E. coli</em> by showing up to 8 log-units reduction (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) after phage treatment for 6–24 h. From the <em>in vivo</em> study, a single dose of the phage cocktail (9 log PFU/mL) reduced the number <em>of E. coli</em> present in the gastrointestinal tract of suckling piglets by showing a 1.33 log-units reduction on day 7 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the fecal score of the phage treatment group was lower than that of the control group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). However, body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) were not significantly different in both groups (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). These findings suggest that a developed phage cocktail could be used as a potential biocontrol to fight ABR <em>E. coli</em>, reduce the chance of piglet mortality, and increase safety during pig production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and molecular identification of haemotropic Mycoplasma species in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from southern Europe","authors":"Susana Remesar ,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza ,&nbsp;Patrocinio Morrondo ,&nbsp;Álvaro Oleaga ,&nbsp;Barbara Moroni ,&nbsp;Nuno Santos ,&nbsp;Serena Robetto ,&nbsp;Lisa Guardone ,&nbsp;Pablo Díaz ,&nbsp;Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Joana Ferreira-e-Silva ,&nbsp;Moisés Gonzálvez ,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although wild and domestic carnivores share some haemotropic <em>Mycoplasma</em> species, information about the circulation of this pathogen in grey wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) populations is still very limited. Thus, a geographically broad-based investigation was performed for determining the occurrence and diversity of <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp. in three different wolf populations from southern Europe. Between 2001 and 2023, spleen samples from 285 grey wolves from Spain (n = 129), Italy (n = 113), and Portugal (n = 43) were collected. The presence of haemotropic <em>Mycoplasma</em> was assessed targeting the 16S rRNA gene using two PCR assays in parallel; in addition, the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer was analysed for further identification of the positive samples. The influence of the sampling country, sex, and age of the animals on the prevalence of <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp. was also assessed by a generalized linear model analysis. The percentage of positive wolves was 13.3 % (38/285), and the occurrence was significantly higher in Spain (20.9 %) than in Italy (8.0 %) and Portugal (4.7 %). <em>Mycoplasma haemocanis</em> (10.5 %) and <em>Candidatus</em> M. haematoparvum (2.1 %), were identified; in addition, an uncultured <em>Mycoplasma</em> sp. was also detected (0.7 %). Our results confirm the circulation of potentially zoonotic <em>Mycoplasma</em> in wolf populations from southern Europe. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>Ca</em>. M. haematoparvum in wolves from Italy and Portugal. In addition, a <em>Mycoplasma</em> sp., previously found in dogs, has been detected for the first time in wolves. Further studies are needed to fully molecularly characterise haemotropic <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp<em>.</em>, which will serve as a basis for the study of its ecoepidemiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of equine influenza virus gene in the air around infected horses","authors":"Manabu Nemoto ,&nbsp;Nanako Kawanishi,&nbsp;Yoshinori Kambayashi,&nbsp;Hiroshi Bannai,&nbsp;Takashi Yamanaka,&nbsp;Koji Tsujimura","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equine influenza virus (EIV) can be transmitted by inhalation of aerosolized droplets, direct contact, and contaminated fomites. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports of the recovery of EIV from the air surrounding infected horses. Here, we evaluated whether EIV can be recovered from the air in the stalls of experimentally infected horses by using an air sampler. Furthermore, we examined whether rapid molecular test kits with reaction times of less than 30 min can detect EIV from air samples for potential field application. Two horses kept in individual stalls were experimentally infected with EIV. Air samples were collected daily by using an air sampler until 13 days post-inoculation (dpi). Viral genes were detected in 26 out of 28 air samples from both horses at 1–13 dpi by real-time RT-PCR. A rapid molecular test kit based on real-time RT-PCR detected viral genes in 23 air samples from one horse at 1–9 and 12 dpi, and from the other at 1–13 dpi. These findings confirm that horses infected with EIV shed the virus into the air. Air sampling is safe for humans and horses and avoids the potential for injury when nasopharyngeal swabs need to be collected from untrained or aggressive horses. EIV RNA was detected in the air samples by using real-time RT-PCR or the rapid molecular test kit before the horses showed clinical signs. Thus, air samplers can detect EIV RNA as early as possible through routine testing in locations such as quarantine facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RIPK3 activation of CaMKII triggers mitochondrial apoptosis in NIBV-infected renal tubular epithelial cells","authors":"Ying Li ,&nbsp;Qiurong Qi ,&nbsp;Yifei Chen,&nbsp;Mengbing Ding,&nbsp;Manzi Huang,&nbsp;Cheng Huang,&nbsp;Ping Liu,&nbsp;Xiaona Gao,&nbsp;Xiaoquan Guo,&nbsp;Zhanhong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate whether RIPK3-mediated programmed cell death can promote the replication and transmission of renal infectious bronchitis virus in renal tubular epithelial cells. Primary renal tubular epithelial cells were extracted from 1 to 7 day old Hy-Line Brown chicks, cultured in vitro by type I collagenase digestion, and infected with 1MOI SX9 strain. Cell samples were collected at 12 hpi, 24 hpi, 36 hpi and 48 hpi for experimental exploration. Our results showed that NIBV infection could lead to programmed necrosis and mitochondrial apoptosis, and the expression levels of programmed necrosis-related genes TNFR1, TRADD, FADD, RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL increased significantly with the extension of infection time, the expression levels of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes Cyt-C, APAF-1, Caspase-9 and Csapase-3 were significantly increased at 36 hpi. While, after 36 hpi of virus infection, apoptosis decreased and necrosis increased, and virus replication peaked. In order to further explore the effect of necroptosis on the amplification of renal infectious virus, the RIPK3 was inhibited at 36 hpi. Inhibition of necroptosis could reduce viral replication and cell death, programmed necrosis occurred in the cells, and cell membrane perforation led to virus diffusion and replication. NIBV-induced necroptosis depends on RIPK3, and RIPK3 activates CAMKII and interacts to cause abnormal opening of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore, promotes Ca^2 + influx into mitochondria, initiates mitochondrial apoptosis. While, inhibition of RIPK3 significantly inhibited the programmed necrosis of cells caused by NIBV infection, making excessive necrosis into moderate necrosis, thereby inhibiting the replication of the virus in cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}