Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular characterisation of Mycoplasma bovis isolates from consecutive episodes of respiratory disease on Dutch veal farms","authors":"Erik van Engelen,&nbsp;Jet Mars,&nbsp;Remco Dijkman","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Mycoplasma bovis</em> infections are wide spread in veal calf farms and a major contributor to respiratory disease. <em>M. bovis</em> are genetically diverse. It is unclear how this diversity influences the virulence and epidemiology of infections on veal calf farms over time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to follow the genetic composition of <em>M. bovis</em> isolates on veal farms over time in a fattening round and combine this with presence of disease and presence of other respiratory pathogens. For this, <em>M. bovis</em> isolates were obtained from healthy and diseased calves from ten different farms at different episodes of respiratory disease in the same groups in one fattening round. A new episode of respiratory disease was defined by the practitioner based on clinical diagnosis at least 7 days after end of a previous metaphylactic treatment. These isolates were sequenced using Illumina sequencing and analysed. This resulted in 148 sequenced isolates. The isolates belonged to 9 different clusters and to the known MLST sequence types ST4 (n=9), ST6 (n=2), ST7 (n=1), ST8 (n=1), ST21 (n=32), ST29 (n=30), ST32 (n=1), ST100 (n=36), ST122 (n=17) and ST135 (n=4), and new sequence types ST222 (n=8), ST223 (n=1), ST224 (n=5) and ST225 (n=1). Major sequence types are linked to types, found in other European countries. All farms showed presence of two or more different clusters, however with different distribution patterns. Farms did not show a major shift in type distribution over time. There was a relationship between <em>M. bovis</em> type and region of origin of the calves and the types differed with regards of presence of variable membrane surface lipoprotein (Vsp) genes. Types were not related to disease status of the calves or presence of other major respiratory pathogens. This study underlines the complexity of <em>M. bovis</em> infection on veal calf farms with persistent presence of different types together in both healthy and diseased calves with or without other respiratory pathogens. Prevention of introduction of <em>M. bovis</em> and biosecurity measures combined with optimisation of calf resilience should have priority.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113524002438/pdfft?md5=e1d4eceb2b2986ce9db2de1cf33a9ad0&pid=1-s2.0-S0378113524002438-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pseudorabies virus infection on NMDA receptor expression in mice and its role in immunosuppression","authors":"Meng-Die Gong ,&nbsp;Jiang-Yu Long ,&nbsp;Wen-Bo Xu ,&nbsp;Chong-Yin Huang ,&nbsp;Si-Yu Meng ,&nbsp;Xiao-Tong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhao-Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an α-herpesvirus, induces immunosuppression and can lead to severe neurological diseases. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), an important excitatory nerve receptor in the central nervous system, is linked to various nervous system pathologies. The link between NMDAR and PRV-induced neurological diseases has not been studied. In <em>vivo</em> studies revealed that PRV infection triggers a reduction in hippocampal NMDAR expression, mediated by inflammatory processes. Extensive hippocampal neuronal degeneration was found in mice on the 6th day by hematoxylin-eosin staining, which was strongly correlated with increased NMDAR protein expression. In <em>vitro</em> studies utilizing the CCK-8 assay demonstrated that treatment with an NMDAR antagonist significantly heightened the cytotoxic effects of PRV on T lymphocytes. Notably, NMDAR inhibition did not affect the replication ability of PRV. However, it facilitated the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PRV-infected T cells and enhanced the transcription of the CD25 gene through the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2), consequently exacerbating immunosuppression. In this study, we found that NMDAR has functional activity in T lymphocytes and is crucial for the inflammatory and immune responses triggered by PRV infection. These discoveries highlight the significant role of NMDAR in PRV-induced neurological disease pathogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Absence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in wild lagomorphs and their ticks in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems","authors":"Sabrina Castro-Scholten ,&nbsp;Javier Caballero-Gómez ,&nbsp;Caroline Bost ,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza ,&nbsp;Débora Jiménez-Martín ,&nbsp;Martin H. Groschup ,&nbsp;Mario Frías ,&nbsp;Leonor Camacho-Sillero ,&nbsp;Kerstin Fischer ,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen in different European countries. Since 2013, clinical and fatality cases associated with CCHFV infection have been reported in humans in Spain. During the last few years, endemic circulation of this virus has been detected in ticks and wild ungulates in this country, but the role of other sympatric wild species in the sylvatic cycle of this multi-host virus remains poorly understood. The aims of the present study were to assess exposure to CCHFV in wild lagomorphs in southern Spain, a CCHFV endemic area, and to determine the presence of the virus in ticks feeding on these species. Serum samples from 473 European wild rabbits (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>) and 162 Iberian hares (<em>Lepus granatensis</em>), and 120 ticks feeding on 85 of these wild lagomorphs were collected on 133 hunting grounds between 2018/2019 and 2021/2022 hunting seasons. The presence of antibodies against CCHFV was assessed in all serum samples using a commercial ELISA, whereas ticks were tested for the presence of CCHFV-RNA by a multiplex RT-qPCR that detects all known genotypes of this virus. None of the 635 (0.0 %; 95 %CI: 0.0–0.6) lagomorphs tested had anti-CCHFV antibodies and CCHFV-RNA was not found in any of the 120 (0.0 %; 95 %CI: 0.0–3.0) ticks analyzed. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first epidemiological study conducted on CCHFV in Iberian hare worldwide. Our findings indicate absence of exposure to CCHFV in European wild rabbit and Iberian hare populations, as well as in their ticks, which suggests that they do not seem to play a relevant role in the epidemiology of CCHFV in Mediterranean ecosystems of southern Spain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113524002396/pdfft?md5=4d0fe445994b90400791fd2c9e77568e&pid=1-s2.0-S0378113524002396-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of new B cell epitopes on the nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using monoclonal antibodies","authors":"Meng Sun ,&nbsp;Yangyang Sun ,&nbsp;Lujie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanni Gao ,&nbsp;Zhunxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xianwei Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Jiang ,&nbsp;Juan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the pathogen of Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and can mainly cause acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality in neonatal piglets. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of PEDV is a highly conserved structural protein. In this study, 6–8-week-old BALB/c mice were immunized with purified PEDV, and three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the PEDV N protein were generated, named 3C6,4F8,4C9. Among them, three new B cell epitopes, ²³⁵IGENPDKL²⁴², ¹²KRVPLSLY¹⁹, ³⁷²DAFKTGNA³⁸⁰ were firstly identified in the viral N-protein. Among them, 4F8 and 4C9 had IgG1 isotype with Kappa light chain, while 3C6 had IgG2a isotype with Kappa light chain. Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) demonstrated specific reactivity with PEDV as evidenced by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. By studying the interaction between the mAbs and the N protein, we can gain insights into the protein's conformation and functional regions. This information will help develop fast and accurate PEDV diagnostic methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of the rich diversity of Mesomycoplasma hyopneumoniae through high-throughput sequencing","authors":"Yeshi Yin ,&nbsp;Jianzhao Jiang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Hu ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Zuzhang Wei ,&nbsp;Huahai Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pneumonia caused by <em>Mesomycoplasma hyopneumoniae</em> (Mhp) is a respiratory disease with high morbidity and low mortality that typically presents in growing pigs. Although often subclinical, the disease can significantly affect the pig farming industry economically due to decreased growth rates and inefficient feed conversion. Effective control of Mhp depends on the detection of dominant strains prevalent in infected animals, which vary in virulence. However, traditional culture methods for diagnosing Mhp are laborious and slow, whereas multi-locus sequence typing, another possible method, requires identifying several genes. This study introduces a novel pair of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for the rapid detection and genetic evolution analysis of Mhp strains to facilitate improved vaccine selection. The genetic evolutionary tree established using the PCR amplification fragment was highly similar to the genetic evolutionary tree established using whole-genome sequences. Analysis of 131 samples from Guangxi and Hunan slaughterhouses revealed a 30.53 % prevalence of Mhp. High-throughput sequencing has shown that Mhp has a diverse bacterial population in clinically collected samples. The prevalence of major strains may vary among regions. Additionally, the strains of Mhp vaccines sold may differ significantly from the strains prevalent on farms. In summary, this work has designed a pair of primers that will be useful for detecting the diversity of Mhp and for targeted prevention and control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative infectivity and horizontal transmission ability of the isolates PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d","authors":"Chong Yu ,&nbsp;Mengxiang Cao ,&nbsp;Yanwu Wei,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Jianhang Liu,&nbsp;Li Feng,&nbsp;Liping Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in piglets. Differences in the infectivity and horizontal transmissibility of different isolates of PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d in pigs were evaluated by HE and IHC staining, PCR, virus titration, and IPMA to determine their clinical symptoms, pathological changes, levels of virus and antibody, and cohabitation infectivity. In the cohabitation infection experiment, weak viremia and low levels of antibodies were detected in the pigs challenged with PCV2a-CL, whereas no viremia or antibodies were detected in the corresponding cohabiting pigs. Furthermore, no PCV2 was isolated from any organ of pigs that were challenged with PCV2a-CL, as well as from those of their cohabiting pigs. In contrast, persistent viremia and pathological changes, including swollen inguinal lymph nodes, were detected in both the challenged and cohabiting pigs after PCV2b-BY or PCV2d-LNHC infection. Alive PCV2 was detected in the tonsils, inguinal lymph nodes, spleen, and kidneys of the experimental pigs by virus titration, and the highest viral titer was detected in the tonsils, followed by the inguinal lymph nodes. In a comparative analysis of the challenged and cohabiting pigs, a 1-week delay in viremia and specific antibodies was observed in the cohabiting pigs. Moreover, the number of viruses isolated from the tonsils and inguinal lymph nodes of the pigs cohabiting with PCV2d-LNHC-challenged pigs was significantly greater than those in the pigs that were directly challenged with PCV2d-LNHC in cohabitation infection experiment (P&lt;0.05). Together, these results indicated that the infectivity and horizontal transmissibility of the strains PCV2b-BY and PCV2d-LNHC were much greater than those of the strain PCV2a-CL and provided some insights into PCV2 pathogenicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bifunctional amylopullulanase of Streptococcus suis ApuA contributes to immune evasion by interaction with host complement C3b","authors":"Jiajia Xu ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhu ,&nbsp;Weiyao Han ,&nbsp;Siqi Pang ,&nbsp;Simin Deng ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Xiabing Chen ,&nbsp;Qi Huang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhou ,&nbsp;Lu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The complement system is the first defense line of the immune system. However, pathogens have evolved numerous strategies to evade complement attacks. <em>Streptococcus suis</em> is an important zoonotic bacterium, harmful to both the pig industry and human health. ApuA has been reported as a bifunctional amylopullulanase and also contributed to virulence of <em>S. suis</em>. Herein, we found that ApuA could activate both classical and alternative pathways of the complement system. Furthermore, by using bacterial two-hybrid, far-western blot and ELISA assays, it was confirmed that ApuA could interact with complement C3b. The interaction domain of ApuA with C3b was found to be its α-Amylase domain (ApuA_N). After construction of an <em>apuA</em> mutant (Δ<em>apuA</em>) and its complementary strain, it was found that compared to the wild-type strain (WT), Δ<em>apuA</em> had significantly increased C3b deposition and membrane attack complex formation. Additionally, Δ<em>apuA</em> showed significantly lower survival rates in human serum and blood and was more susceptible to engulfment by neutrophils and macrophages. Mice infected with Δ<em>apuA</em> had significantly higher survival rates and lower bacterial loads in their blood, lung and brains, compared to those infected with WT. In summary, this study identified ApuA as a novel factor involved in the complement evasion of <em>S. suis</em> and suggested its multifunctional role in the pathogenesis of <em>S. suis</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal immune responses in peri-parturient dairy cattle","authors":"Victor S. Cortese ,&nbsp;Amelia Woolums ,&nbsp;Merrilee Thoresen ,&nbsp;P.J. Pinedo ,&nbsp;Thomas Short","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objectives of this study were to evaluate mucosal immune responses in peripartum Holstein cows, to assess the impact of intranasal modified live viral (MLV) vaccination on mucosal immunity, and to explore the relationship between genotype and peripartum immune responses. Eighty multiparous Holstein cows were randomized to receive either: 1) intranasal MLV tri-valent viral vaccine 18–24 days prior to expected calving (DC); 2) the same vaccine within twelve hours after parturition (F); 3) vaccine at both time points (DCF), or 4) no vaccine (CON). Nasal secretions and sera were collected from all cattle pre-vaccination and on multiple days before and after calving to determine concentrations of interferon beta (IFN-beta) and IFN-gamma and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1-) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV-) specific IgA in nasal secretions, and BHV-1 and BRSV serum neutralizing (SN) titers. Cows were genotyped by bead-based microarray, genotypes were used to categorize previously established health traits, and relationships between immune responses and genotype were evaluated. There was no significant effect of vaccination on immune responses, although all vaccinated groups demonstrated numerically increased IFN-gamma within four days post vaccination. There was a significant (P &lt;0.0001) time effect on nasal IgA in CON, F, and DCF groups, with the highest nasal IgA titers measured post calving. There was a significant (P &lt;0.0001) time effect on nasal IFN-beta in all groups. Significant relationships between genotype and immune response were not detected. Contrary to previous reports of systemic immunosuppression, bovine mucosal responses appear to be intact in the peripartum period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the antiviral activity of antimicrobial peptides Caerin1.1 against PRRSV in Vitro and in Vivo","authors":"Shengnan Ruan ,&nbsp;Xuexiang Yu ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Mingkai Lei ,&nbsp;Xugang Ku ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Ghonaim ,&nbsp;Wentao Li ,&nbsp;Yunbo Jiang ,&nbsp;Qigai He","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes severe financial losses to the global swine industry. Due to continuous virus evolution, the protection against the PRRS provided by current vaccines is limited. In order to find new antiviral strategies, this study investigated the antiviral potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against PRRSV. Given the diversity of PRRSV strains and the limited effectiveness of existing vaccines in controlling PRRSV, this study evaluated the inhibitory effects of KLAK, Cecropin B, Piscidin1, and Caerin1.1 on 3 strains of PRRSV (lineage 5 classical strain, lineage 8 highly pathogenic strain, and lineage 1 NADC30-like strain). Caerin1.1 exhibited significant dose-dependent antiviral activity, with an effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 7.5 μM. Caerin1.1 effectively inhibited PRRSV replication when added before or in early infection but showed reduced effectiveness when added in late infection, indicating its potential involvement in targeting early transcription mechanisms of viral RNA polymerase and significantly upregulating cytokine gene expression. In the NADC30 strain-based animal infection model, Caerin1.1 treatment significantly reduced lung viral loads and inflammation in the lungs of PRRSV-infected pigs, with a mortality rate of 0 % (0/5) in the treated group compared to 66.67 % (4/6) in the untreated group, indicating a reduction in the mortality rate. Additionally, compared with the untreated group, the Caerin1.1-treated group showed significant improvements, such as lighter fever, more daily weight gain, less clinical symptoms, less viral load in blood, and less virus oral shedding (P &lt; 0.05). These findings reveal the potential of antimicrobial peptides as PRRSV therapeutic agents and suggest that Caerin1.1 is a promising candidate for a novel anti-PRRSV drug.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome reveals EphA2 and c-Fos as key factors driving enhanced replication in high-passage porcine deltacoronavirus strain","authors":"Shiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Peng ,&nbsp;Baochao Fan ,&nbsp;Gege Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenlong He ,&nbsp;Chuanhong Wang ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Xie ,&nbsp;Xu Song ,&nbsp;Boshui Yuan ,&nbsp;Rongli Guo ,&nbsp;Jizong Li ,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), a cross-species transmissible enterovirus, frequently induces severe diarrhea and vomiting symptoms in piglets, which not only pose a significant menace to the global pig industry but also a potential public safety risk. In a previous study, we isolated a vaccine candidate, PDCoV CZ2020-P100, by passaging a parental PDCoV strain <em>in vitro</em>, exhibiting attenuated virulence and enhanced replication. However, the factors underlying these differences between primary and passaged strains remain unknown. In this study, we present the transcriptional landscapes of porcine kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) cells infected with PDCoV CZ2020-P1 strain and P100 strain using the RNA-sequencing. We identified 105 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in P1-infected cells and 295 DEGs in P100-infected cells. Enrichment analyses indicated that many DEGs showed enrichment in immune and inflammatory responses, with a more and higher upregulation of DEGs enriched in the P100-infected group. Notably, the DEGs were concentrated in the MAPK pathway within the P100-infected group, with significant upregulation in EphA2 and c-Fos. Knockdown of EphA2 and c-Fos reduced PDCoV infection and significantly impaired P100 replication compared to P1, suggesting a novel mechanism in which EphA2 and c-Fos are highly involved in passaged virus replication. Our findings illuminate the resemblances and distinctions in the gene expression patterns of host cells infected with P1 and P100, confirming that EphA2 and c-Fos play key roles in high-passage PDCoV replication. These results enhance our understanding of the changes in virulence and replication capacity during the process of passaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}