Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a cofactor for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection","authors":"Yanjie Huang ,&nbsp;Jiayun Wu ,&nbsp;Xueli Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Shenglong Wu ,&nbsp;Wenbin Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the genus <em>Alphacoronavirus</em> in the family <em>Coronaviridae</em>, which has a mortality rate of up to 100 % in neonatal piglets and causes huge economic losses to the pig industry. The target cells of PEDV infection are porcine small intestinal epithelial cells, and the mechanism of PEDV invasion remains unclear. Our study found that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) acts as a cofactor for PEDV infection by promoting PEDV invasion and replication. Firstly, we mapped the expression profile of DPP4 in different tissues of 7-day-old piglets and found that DPP4 was highly expressed in the liver, lung, kidney, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tissues of piglets. In addition, the immunohistochemical results showed that DPP4 was mainly distributed at the apical of intestinal villous epithelial cells in the jejunum of piglets. Further studies revealed that DPP4 expression was significantly lower in PEDV-infected porcine jejunal tissues and IPEC-J2 cells than in uninfected controls. PEDV invasion and replication could be inhibited by DPP4 inhibitor and specific antibody. Moreover, DPP4 knockout was able to significantly inhibit PEDV infection. Then, we found that endogenous DPP4 interacted with PEDV, and that preincubation of PEDV with endogenous DPP4 reduced viral infection. Finally, we predicted the docking of DPP4 and PEDV-S1-RBD proteins in silico, showing a strong binding tendency. Taken together, our study supports the hypothesis that DPP4 is a cofactor for PEDV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berbamine inhibits Pseudorabies virus in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Liang Li ,&nbsp;Muze Lv ,&nbsp;Yangfan Li ,&nbsp;Huihui Sun ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Wenyan Li ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Ruimin Bi ,&nbsp;Zuyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zongyi Bo ,&nbsp;Haixiao Shen ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Minghao Zhuansun ,&nbsp;Jinchi Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuting Xue ,&nbsp;Xinru Suo ,&nbsp;Rui Tong ,&nbsp;Pei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a significant pathogen that causes acute infectious diseases in pigs, resulting in considerable economic losses for the global pig industry. The lack of effective control measures and vaccines against the circulating variants of PRV highlights the pressing need for novel treatment strategies. In this study, a screening of a natural product library identified Berbamine as a promising compound that inhibits PRV replication, with a selectivity index of 17. Preliminary investigations demonstrated that Berbamine impedes viral proliferation by targeting the replication and release stages of the PRV life cycle. In experiments with mice artificially infected with PRV, Berbamine significantly alleviated clinical symptoms and histopathological changes in brain tissue caused by PRV infection. Furthermore, molecular docking studies indicated that Berbamine targets the UL50 protein, not only of PRV but also of HSV-1, FHV-1, and BoHV-1. Given that the UL50 protein is a promising target for antiviral drug development, Berbamine holds considerable potential for broad application in antiviral therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Antiviral effects of duck type I and type III interferons against Duck Tembusu virus in vitro and in vivo” [Vet. Microbiol. 287 (2023) 109889]","authors":"Peng Zhou ,&nbsp;Dejian Liu ,&nbsp;Qingxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wanrong Wu ,&nbsp;Dong Chen ,&nbsp;Rui Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NDM-5-plasmid diversity in multiple international high-risk Escherichia coli clones associated with canine and feline extraintestinal infections","authors":"Pattrarat Chanchaithong ,&nbsp;Parinya Sroithongkham ,&nbsp;Chavin Leelapsawas ,&nbsp;Komkiew Pinpimai ,&nbsp;Jitrapa Yindee ,&nbsp;Alexandra Collaud ,&nbsp;Vincent Perreten","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NDM-5-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> are the predominant carbapenemase producers of medical and public health importance. The global spread of <em>bla</em>_NDM-5-containing plasmids in high-risk <em>E. coli</em> clones has been primarily documented in humans and increasingly reported in animals and the environment. Here, we used whole-genome sequence analysis to describe the genetic diversity of 16 high-risk NDM-5-producing <em>E. coli</em> strains, with a variety of NDM-5 plasmids, isolated from dogs and cats with extraintestinal infections in Thailand between 2017 and 2021. The strains belonged to sequence type (ST) 410 (n = 8), ST354 (n = 3), ST648 (n = 2), ST361 (n = 1), ST617 (n = 1), and ST641 (n = 1). The ST641 strain carried <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 on an IncX3 plasmid, while <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 was localized on single-replicon or multi-replicon IncF plasmids in other STs. Non-conjugative F1:A1:B49 NDM-5 plasmids were limited to ST410 strains. They contained <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 associated with the IS<em>26</em>-bounded complex class 1 integron (Int1) with <em>dfrA17</em>-<em>aadA5</em>-<em>qacE</em>Δ<em>1</em>-<em>sul1</em> cassette array that shared similarities to nearly identical structures with the plasmids of ST410 strains from humans in Thailand and Myanmar. Conjugative IncFII (F2:A-:B-) NDM-5 plasmids containing Int1 with <em>dfrA12</em>-<em>aadA2</em>-<em>qacE</em>Δ<em>1</em>-<em>sul1</em> cassette array were present in ST354 and ST648, and heterogeneous plasmid STs of conjugative multi-replicon IncF NDM-5 plasmids were found in ST361, ST410, ST617, and ST648. The <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 elements mobilized by IS<em>26</em> were shared among various IncF plasmids in high-risk <em>E. coli</em> clones but were conserved within the endemic <em>E. coli</em> ST410, representing the predominant lineage in Southeast Asian countries. Dogs and cats can develop infections with NDM-5-producing <em>E. coli</em>, posing the risk of further disseminating carbapenemase in veterinary settings and the community. This emphasizes the need to implement infection control and antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs in veterinary settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A matched case-control study of porcine group A and C rotaviruses in a swine farrowing production system","authors":"Virginie Lachapelle ,&nbsp;Julie Arsenault ,&nbsp;Nicolas Nantel-Fortier ,&nbsp;Pierre Hélie ,&nbsp;Yvan L’Homme ,&nbsp;Julie Brassard","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Group A rotaviruses (RVA) and group C rotaviruses (RVC) are important enteric pathogens in swine. Comprehensive studies investigating porcine rotaviruses in Canada are necessary to enhance understanding of the frequency, impacts, and dynamics of these infections in swine herds. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of RVA and RVC, describe circulating strains, and assess the association of rotaviruses with diarrhea at the piglet, litter, and batch levels in Canadian farrowing swine productions. A matched case-control study was conducted on farrowing farms within an integrated production system experiencing a diarrheic episode. Rectal swabs from 94 diarrheic piglets and 127 healthy piglets were collected and subjected to VP7 and VP4 gene amplification of RVA and RVC using RT-PCR. Results indicated a 45.4 % and 27.4 % prevalence for RVA and RVC in piglets, respectively. A significant association between RVC and diarrhea (odds ratio = 7.1; p = 0.02) was identified at the batch level, while RVA detection did not show a significant relationship with diarrhea. Molecular characterization of various RVA and RVC strains detected in this study described at least four different RVA strains and three different RVC strains circulating on farms within the integrated production system. This study estimates the prevalence of RVA and RVC and describes the main viral strains in swine herds experiencing an episode of neonatal diarrhea. While it also highlights the importance of RVC in piglet diarrhea when detected in a batch, results from his study warrant the implementation of additional prevention measures and regular surveillance for the control of both RVA and RVC in swine herds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zn2+ inhibits PEDV replication by inducing autophagy through the Akt-mTOR pathway","authors":"Caiying Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Shanshan Yang ,&nbsp;Huub F.J. Savelkoul ,&nbsp;Christine A. Jansen ,&nbsp;Guangliang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus that induces diarrhea in pigs, leading to severe economic losses in the global pig industry. Currently, effective antiviral treatments for porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) are rarely available for clinical use. Zinc (Zn²⁺), an essential mineral, is known to reduce diarrhea in piglets transitioning from milk to solid feed by modulating immune system activity. In this study, the role of Zn²⁺ in regulating PEDV infection was investigated to explore its potential for reducing diarrhea. Our findings show that Zn²⁺ inhibits PEDV replication in Vero-E6 cells by inducing autophagy. Notably, we demonstrated that autophagy negatively regulates PEDV infection, as confirmed by the use of autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and activator (RAPA). Further analysis revealed that PEDV infection activates the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, while Zn²⁺ inhibits this pathway in Vero-E6 cells. Additionally, overexpression of Akt and Akt_Ser473 plasmids in Vero-E6 cells highlights the role of Akt phosphorylation in the Zn²⁺ induced autophagy that inhibits PEDV replication. In summary, this study identifies a mechanism by which Zn²⁺ suppresses PEDV infection through the Akt-mTOR pathway by mediating autophagy. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential use of Zn²⁺ as an effective antiviral agent <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transposon mutagenesis identifies the sspA-sspB operon as essential for serum resistance and virulence in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli","authors":"Qingqing Gao,&nbsp;Qianlong Xing,&nbsp;Yunyan Sun,&nbsp;Zhengliang Li,&nbsp;Song Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian pathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (APEC) constitutes a significant threat to poultry health worldwide, causing colibacillosis and inflicting substantial economic losses. The ability to resist serum-mediated killing is a key virulence factor enabling APEC to circumvent the host immune system and establish systemic infection. In this study, we employed mariner-based transposon mutagenesis to generate a mutant library of APEC strain E058 and screened for mutants with reduced serum resistance. We identified a transposon insertion within the <em>sspB</em> gene of the <em>sspA</em>-<em>sspB</em> operon that conferred significantly reduced serum resistance. Targeted gene knockout experiments confirmed that both <em>sspA</em> and <em>sspB</em> contribute to serum resistance, with the double mutant (Δ<em>sspA</em>Δ<em>sspB</em>) displaying a more pronounced susceptibility to serum compared to the single gene knockouts (Δ<em>sspA</em> and Δ<em>sspB</em>). Furthermore, <em>in vivo</em> challenge experiments in chickens demonstrated that disruption of the <em>sspA</em>-<em>sspB</em> operon significantly attenuated APEC virulence. Our study also reveals that the <em>sspA</em>-<em>sspB</em> operon plays a role in biofilm formation and promotes intracellular survival within macrophages, suggesting a multifaceted contribution to APEC pathogenesis. These findings highlight the <em>sspA</em>-<em>sspB</em> operon as a promising target for the development of novel therapeutics against APEC infections in poultry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenicity comparison between porcine G9P[23] and G5P[23] RVA in piglets","authors":"Zixin Li ,&nbsp;Yudi Pan ,&nbsp;Yanxiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianshuang Cui ,&nbsp;Hailiang Ge ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Li Feng ,&nbsp;Jin Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotavirus Group A (RVA) is a primary pathogen that causes viral diarrhea in humans and animals. Porcine rotaviruses (PoRVs) are widely epidemic in pig farms in China, causing great economic losses to the swine industry. In the past 30 years, the G5 RVA had been the main epidemic genotype in pig farms worldwide. However, G9 RVA is an emerging genotype that is gradually becoming prevalent in humans and animals. To explore its potential mechanism, we isolated G9P[23] and G5P[23] rotaviruses, named 923 H and NG523 respectively, from diarrheal samples and compared the growth curves and virulence of two strains. In vitro experiments revealed that pig small intestine epithelial cells were more susceptible to 923 H strain. In vivo experiments showed that 923 H strain was more virulent than NG523 strain, causing more severe damage to piglets. The viral load of G9 infection groups in intestinal and extra-intestinal tissues was higher than that of G5 infection group. Histopathological examination showed cell degeneration, necrosis and nuclear condensation in the jejunum of G9 RVA infection group as well as more inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue destruction in the lung of G9 RVA infection group. Our results indicate that 923 H strain is more pathogenic than NG523 strain, which provides new insights into the widespread epidemic of G9 RVA in pig farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria associated with canine pyometra and concurrent bacteriuria: A prospective study","authors":"Anna Ylhäinen ,&nbsp;Sari Mölsä ,&nbsp;Katariina Thomson ,&nbsp;Outi Laitinen-Vapaavuori ,&nbsp;Merja Rantala ,&nbsp;Thomas Grönthal","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine pyometra is a common and potentially life-threatening reproductive disorder in intact female dogs. This prospective study aimed to (1) investigate the bacterial spectrum and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial isolates from the uterus and urine of dogs with pyometra, (2) assess the clonal relatedness and virulence factors of <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates from individual dogs, and (3) determine the occurrence of concurrent and persistent bacteriuria or clinical urinary tract infections. Bacterial isolates from 208 uterine and 203 urine specimens collected during pyometra surgery were analyzed. Additionally, follow-up urine specimens were collected from 56 dogs with perioperative bacteriuria. Bacterial growth was detected in 87 % (180/208) of uterine specimens, while concurrent bacteriuria was observed in 33 % (67/203) of cases. In one-third (18/56) of these dogs the bacteriuria persisted, being primarily (15/18) asymptomatic. <em>E. coli</em> was the most common isolate in both uterine (71 %) and urine (81 %) specimens. Notably, altogether 32 distinct bacterial species were identified, with mixed growth in 15 % of the specimens. The vast majority of isolates were largely susceptible to tested antimicrobials. Identification of bacterial species was performed using MALDI-ToF MS, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by disk diffusion. Whole-genome sequencing of 45 <em>E. coli</em> strains from fifteen dogs indicated high genetic similarities within individual dogs, supporting a clonal relationship. In conclusion, canine uteri with pyometra contained a plethora of bacterial species, predominantly <em>E. coli</em>, and antimicrobial resistance was rare. Concurrent and persistent <em>E. coli</em> bacteriuria was commonly caused by the same clone as found in the uterus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian estimation of diagnostic accuracy of fecal smears, fecal PCR and serum ELISA for detecting Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections in four domestic ruminant species in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Ibrahim Elsohaby ,&nbsp;Polychronis Kostoulas ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Fayez ,&nbsp;Ahmed Elmoslemany ,&nbsp;Mohamed E. Alkafafy ,&nbsp;Ahmad M. Bahhary ,&nbsp;Reham Alzahrani ,&nbsp;Abd El Karem M. Morsi ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Arango-Sabogal","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paratuberculosis, a chronic wasting disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants worldwide, is caused by <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> subsp. <em>paratuberculosis</em> (MAP). Various diagnostic tests exist for detecting MAP infection; however, none of them possess perfect accuracy to be qualified as a reference standard test, particularly due to their notably low sensitivity. Therefore, we used Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs) to estimate diagnostic accuracy of fecal smears (FS), fecal PCR and serum ELISA for detecting MAP infections in sheep, goats, cattle, and camels older than 2 years in Saudi Arabia. Data from a cross-sectional study conducted in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia on 31 different farms with a history of MAP infection were analyzed. Fecal and blood samples from all animals older than 2 years in each farm were collected, resulting in a total of 220 sheep, 123 goats, 66 cattle, and 240 camels sampled. FS and IS<em>900</em>-PCR were performed on fecal samples to detect acid-fast bacilli and MAP DNA, respectively. The IDEXX ELISA kit was used to detect MAP antibodies in serum samples. For each ruminant species population, a BLCM was fitted to obtain posterior estimates [medians and 95 % Bayesian credible intervals (95 % BCI)] for sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the three tests. We assumed FS and PCR to be conditionally dependent on the true animal MAP status. Prior distributions for test accuracy were used if available. FS had the highest Se among all tests and across all species with median values around 80 % in sheep, goats and camels, and near 50 % in cattle. Median Sp estimates of ELISA and PCR were higher than 90 % for all species. FS yielded the lowest Sp of the study when applied in camels, sheep, and goats. Using the prevalence observed in this study, median positive predictive value (PPV) was higher for PCR and ELISA than FS for camels, sheep, and goats. In cattle, PPV of all tests was similar with median estimates &gt; 95 %. In camels, sheep, and goats, median negative predicative value (NPV) of all tests were &gt; 60 %. The lowest median NPV for all tests were observed in cattle (&lt; 30 %). Our results suggest that ELISA is a suitable option to identify MAP infected animals in farms with previous history of MAP in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142955566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}