Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Host helicase DHX36 inhibits pseudorabies virus proliferation by unwinding the G-quadruplex in the 3’UTR of IE180","authors":"Dehua Luo ,&nbsp;Yuqing Bai ,&nbsp;Qingling Li ,&nbsp;Yingge Zheng ,&nbsp;Lijun Guo ,&nbsp;Daozhong Wang ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Dengguo Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The balance between proliferation and persistence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) in the host is crucial for its long-term survival. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate viral survival may offer new strategies for disease prevention and control. The immediate-early gene 180 (<em>IE180</em>) is essential for PRV replication, and we previously identified a G-quadruplex (PQS18–1) located in the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of <em>IE180</em> that enhances its expression and promotes viral replication. However, the mechanisms by which this G-quadruplex is unwound and contributes to immune evasion remain unclear. In this study, we identified the host helicase DHX36 as a binding partner of PQS18–1 through RNA pull-down assays. Both <em>in vitro</em> and cellular experiments demonstrated that DHX36 destabilizes the G-quadruplex, thereby suppressing gene expression and regulating PRV replication. Our findings reveal a novel host-virus interaction mechanism involving G-quadruplex structures and helicase activity, which may offer new targets for therapeutic intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 110539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal vaccination partially protects piglets against influenza A virus associated alteration of the microbiome and hippocampal gene expression","authors":"Christopher A. Gaulke ,&nbsp;Fangfeng Yuan ,&nbsp;Lufan Yang ,&nbsp;Luoyan Duan ,&nbsp;Meghan G. Connolly ,&nbsp;Shih-Hsuan Hsiao ,&nbsp;Adrienne M. Antonson ,&nbsp;Ying Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Influenza A virus (IAV) causes respiratory disease with systemic complications in a variety of avian and mammalian hosts, including humans and pigs. Infection with IAV in newborns can be particularly damaging as viral infection is known to disrupt the rapid developmental processes that occur during this period. Maternal IAV vaccination can reduce the risk of IAV infection in infants, but it is unknown whether passive transfer of anti-IAV antibodies protect against the downstream complications of infection. In this study, we evaluated the impact of maternal vaccination on the gut and nasal microbiota development and hippocampal transcriptome in neonatal piglets infected with influenza A virus. Sows were either vaccinated with an experimental influenza A vaccine at 70- and 90-days gestation, or mock-vaccinated with PBS. Neonatal piglets born from vaccinated and unvaccinated sows were challenged with a pathogenic IAV isolate or mock-challenged with PBS at 6 days post-farrowing and euthanized five days post challenge. Vaccination significantly reduced lung lesions and infectious viral load in piglets. Nasal and gut microbial community development was also partially protected from viral disruption as indicated by increased deviation from pre-challenge timepoints compared to animals challenged with the virus from unvaccinated mothers. Bulk RNA sequencing of hippocampal tissue identified 1146 differentially expressed genes (FDR &lt; 0.05) between groups. IAV-infected piglets from vaccinated sows showed increases in genes related to viral immune responses, while IAV-infected piglets from unvaccinated sows showed increases in genes related to neurogenesis and decreases in genes related to vascular development. Many of these differentially regulated genes were strongly correlated with microbial community abundances, indicating that the microbiota may contribute to IAV outcomes. Notably, nasal microbial abundances intricately connected with hippocampal gene expression patterns, suggesting a strong nasal microbiome-brain communication axis in early development. Together, our results indicate that maternal vaccination partially protects neonatal piglets against influenza virus infection and mitigates the potential long-term impacts of IAV infection on the microbiome and cognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 110544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encephalomyocarditis virus non-structural protein 2C induces the degradation of NDP52 autophagy protein to promote its own survival","authors":"Rongqian Mo ,&nbsp;Rongrong Cheng ,&nbsp;Pingan Dong ,&nbsp;Tingting Ma ,&nbsp;Yaxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingying Xie ,&nbsp;Shasha Li ,&nbsp;Huixia Li ,&nbsp;Adi Idris ,&nbsp;Xiangrong Li ,&nbsp;Ruofei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>EMCV is a significant zoonotic pathogen that causes severe encephalitis and myocarditis, particularly in pigs, posing substantial economic and public health challenges. Nuclear dot protein (NDP) 52 is an important autophagy adaptor protein known to target microbial pathogens, including viruses into autophagosomes to facilitate the selective autophagy process. Here, we investigated the interaction between EMCV and NDP52. We found that NDP52 negatively regulates the entry and replication phases of EMCV and interacts with EMCV VP1/VP2 proteins to mediate its autophagic degradation. Moreover, we show that EMCV 2C protein interacts with NDP52 through its N-terminal region to trigger the autophagic degradation of NDP52 via the involvement of the late endosomal molecules, Rab7 and Rab9. Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which EMCV uses its non-structural protein 2C to hijack the autophagy pathway, evading host antiviral responses and promoting survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 110549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant Salmonella vector delivery 3M2e-ferritin fusion nanoparticles provide cross protection against H9N2 and H7N9 avian influenza viruses","authors":"Wangyangji Sun ,&nbsp;Yu-an Li ,&nbsp;Zewei Li ,&nbsp;Guohui Li ,&nbsp;Yuanzhao Du ,&nbsp;Huoying Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the advancement of nanomedicine has revolutionized the field of vaccine development. Numerous nanoparticle-based nano vaccine candidates have been continuously developed. Herein, we describe a universal avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine candidate based on ferritin self-assembling nanoparticles (NPs). The ferritin fused with 3M2e was delivered by an recombinant <em>Salmonella</em> vector, resulting in the formation of a novel recombinant strain, rSC0130(pYA3342–3M2eNPs). The 3M2e-ferritin fusion protein was efficiently expressed and self-assembled into NPs within the recombinant strain. The delivery of the recombinant strain rSC0130(pYA3342–3M2eNPs), which carries the 3M2e-ferritin fusion NPs, induced robust specific cellular and humoral immune responses against AIV in vivo, ultimately providing chickens with effective cross-protection against challenges from H9N2 and H7N9 avian influenza viruses. Our study underscores the potential of the <em>Salmonella</em> platform for delivering protein-based NPs and offers new insights into the development of universal vaccines for AIVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shelter dogs as reservoirs of international clones of Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1.1 and blaCTX-M resistance genes in Lima, Peru","authors":"Brenda Ayzanoa ,&nbsp;Guillermo Salvatierra ,&nbsp;Diego Cuicapuza ,&nbsp;João Pedro Rueda Furlan ,&nbsp;Fábio Parra Sellera ,&nbsp;Luis Chavez ,&nbsp;Fernanda Esposito ,&nbsp;Pablo Tsukayama ,&nbsp;Nilton Lincopan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical public health threat worldwide, particularly at the human-animal interface where cross-transmission of critical priority Enterobacterales, such as <em>Escherichia coli</em>, have become increasingly reported. Worryingly, <em>E. coli</em> encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) has been documented in companion animals worldwide. Conversely, the presence of <em>mcr</em> genes, which confer resistance to polymyxins, in bacteria from pets remains more infrequent. In this study, we sequenced and reported on the first genomic data of <em>E. coli</em> strains carrying <em>mcr-1</em> and/or <em>bla</em>_CTX-M genes isolated from rectal swabs of stray dogs in a shelter in the city of Lima, Peru. Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed that <em>E. coli</em> strains exhibited a multidrug resistance profile. In addition to <em>mcr-1</em> and <em>bla</em>_CTX-M genes, other clinically relevant resistance determinants were identified, with notably presence of <em>bla</em>_TEM-176 and the novel <em>bla</em>_SCO-2 variant. The association of <em>mcr-1.1</em> and IncI2 plasmid was confirmed. Several virulence genes were detected, classifying strains as putative extraintestinal pathogenic <em>E. coli</em>. Multilocus sequence typing prediction recognized diverse sequence types (ST), including ST155, ST189, ST657, ST746, ST1140, ST3014, and ST7188. This study represents the first report of <em>mcr</em>-positive <em>E. coli</em> in dogs from Peru, emphasizing the need for continuous surveillance and genomic characterization to better understand the transmission dynamics of these critical resistance genes at the human-animal interface. Furthermore, our results provide evidence that stray, and shelter dogs could be a reservoir for the spread of WHO priority pathogens, and/or polymyxin and β-lactam resistance genes, which is a public health and One Health concern that requires appropriate management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of zoonotic pathogens and related haematological and biochemical profiles in Fonni’s dogs in rural conditions","authors":"Raffaela Cocco ,&nbsp;Sara Sechi ,&nbsp;Pablo Jesús Marín-García ,&nbsp;Luigi Liotta ,&nbsp;Lola Llobat","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fonni’s dog is a canine breed autochthonous to the Mediterranean area, specifically from Sardinia (Italy). A total of 190 dogs were examined to determine the seroprevalence of different pathogens endemic in this region and related haematological profile. The seropositivity of pathogens was 65.0 %, 41.3 %, 28.7 %, and 18.9 % for <em>Rickettsia</em> spp<em>., Ehrlichia canis</em>, <em>Anaplasma. phagocytophilum</em>, and <em>Bartonella</em> spp., respectively. <em>Leishmania infantum</em> and <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> presented the same seroprevalence <em>(</em>5.6 %) respectively<em>.</em> The number of pathogens in co-seropositivity did not change the haematological parameters evaluated, whereas the age had an effect on several of them, including albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (CAL), total cholesterol (COL), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine (CRE), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), lipase (LIP), phosphorus (P), total protein (PRO) and triglycerides (TRI). Pathogens evaluated influenced different parameters. Specifically, <em>Rickettsia</em> spp<em>.</em> decreased CPK activity, creatine and glucose levels and increased phosphorus. <em>T. gondii</em> increased CPK activity and decreased glucose levels, and <em>E. canis</em> decreased gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity. Finally, <em>L. infantum</em> seropositivity decreased CPK and increased GOT activities. The results observed in Fonni’s dogs related to seroprevalence of <em>L. infantum</em> and associated haematological parameters indicate that this canine breed could exhibit different behaviour from that of other canine breeds when faced with this pathogen. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the cause of these differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bacterial species isolated from canine and feline urine samples in Sydney, Australia, 2012–2021","authors":"Annie Y. Wei ,&nbsp;Mary F. Thompson ,&nbsp;Kate A. Worthing ,&nbsp;Carola Venturini ,&nbsp;Victoria J. Brookes ,&nbsp;Jacqueline M. Norris","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial urinary tract infections are frequently diagnosed in veterinary practice and often treated empirically. Recommended treatment differs for sporadic versus recurrent infections. Antimicrobial selection is ideally informed by local antibiograms; however, this data is currently unavailable for dogs and cats in Sydney, Australia’s largest city by population. The objectives of this retrospective study were to: i) identify the proportions of bacterial species in positive cultures from canine and feline urine samples submitted between 2012 and 2021 to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Sydney, Australia, ii) describe and compare antimicrobial susceptibility profiles between isolates from sporadic and recurrent positive cultures and iii) develop local antibiograms to facilitate evidence-based decisions around empiric therapy. A total of 1506 positive urine cultures were obtained from 567 dogs and 471 cats. The most frequently isolated bacteria were <em>Escherichia coli</em> (58 %), <em>Enterococcus</em> spp. (17 %), <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. (13.4 %) and <em>Proteus</em> spp. (9 %). Eighty-three percent of bacterial isolates were susceptible to at least one first-line empirical choice (amoxicillin and/or trimethoprim-sulfonamide). <em>E. coli</em> had the highest percentage of multidrug-resistant isolates from animals with sporadic (32 %) and recurrent positive cultures (40 %). Susceptibility of <em>E. coli</em> to amoxicillin increased from 47 % in 2012 to 55 % in 2021. Susceptibility of <em>S. pseudintermedius</em> to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and oxacillin decreased from 100 % in 2012 to 54 % in 2021<em>.</em>Twenty-two percent of <em>S. pseudintermedius</em> isolates were methicillin-resistant. Compared to reports from other locations, our findings suggest that amoxicillin may be less effective as a first-line choice for treating canine and feline UTI in Sydney.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 110541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ikaros (IKZF1) gene in the virulence of Marek’s disease virus","authors":"Taejoong Kim ,&nbsp;Masahiro Niikura ,&nbsp;John R. Dunn ,&nbsp;Hans H. Cheng ,&nbsp;Cari J. Hearn","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marek’s disease (MD) caused by the oncogenic avian herpesvirus, Marek’s disease virus (MDV) has significant economic impacts on the poultry industry because MDV is ubiquitous in the environment and most chickens are exposed to the threat by MDV from the first day of age. Meq, a bZIP transactivator, is required for tumor formation by MDV, mostly T cell lymphomas. Additionally, Ikaros (IKZF1) has been identified as a cancer driver gene for MDV tumorigenesis. The safety of G2M-WT-Ikaros, which contains wildtype IKZF1 gene in the virulent MDV genome as a potential vaccine candidate, was compared with the parental G2M and Rispens vaccine. Although G2M-WT-Ikaros has significantly reduced virulence (tumor formations), immunosuppression by the atrophies of thymus and bursa remained. The immune suppressions of G2M-Ikaros viruses with Meq, G2M-WT-Ikaros, G2M-MUT-Ikaros, or without Meq, G2M∆MeqWT-Ikaros, G2M∆MeqMUT-Ikaros were compared with G2M viruses. Interestingly, G2M-MUT-Ikaros showed the highest virulence in tumor formation, mortality, and MD incidences, even higher than that of parental G2M viruses, while G2M-WT-Ikaros showed reduced tumorigenicity and MD incidences. With Meq deletion, G2M∆MeqWT-Ikaros, and G2M∆MeqMUT-Ikaros virus significantly reduced tumor formations; however, the immunosuppression by those viruses still occurred, regardless of the different IKZF1 gene sequences, either wildtype or somatic mutated, in the MDV genome. Thus, MDV tumorigenicity by Meq gene is enhanced by IKZF1 mutations, but ectopic wildtype IKZF1 expression showed suppression of MDV-induced tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophagy is involved in Salmonella Typhimurium-induced ferroptosis in macrophages","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Daobin Fu ,&nbsp;Chuanyuan Di ,&nbsp;Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Penggang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens, posing a significant threat to both animal and human health. Our previous study demonstrated that autophagy plays a crucial role in restricting the intracellular growth of <em>Salmonella</em>. This study aims to investigate the effect of autophagy in <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium (<em>S</em>. Typhimurium)-induced ferroptosis. First, we found that <em>S</em>. Typhimurium induced lipid peroxidation by increasing intracellular Fe^2 + levels, promoting lipid oxidation, and inhibiting the antioxidant pathway. <em>S</em>. Typhimurium-induced lipid peroxidation led to ferroptosis in macrophages. Further results revealed that <em>S</em>. Typhimurium triggered ferritin degradation by NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. Additionally, <em>S</em>. Typhimurium-induced chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) degraded GPX4 through TAK1-HSC70 signaling pathway. Notably, GPX4 is involved in intracellular <em>S</em>. Typhimurium release. Overall, autophagy was essential for <em>S</em>. Typhimurium induced-ferroptosis, TAK1 not only facilitated autophagy to eliminate intracellular bacteria but also promoted bacterial release.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mRNA vaccine expressing fused structural protein of PRRSV protects piglets against PRRSV challenge","authors":"Chunxiao Mou ,&nbsp;Xing Zhao ,&nbsp;Chen Zhuo ,&nbsp;Qing He ,&nbsp;Mengwei Xu ,&nbsp;Kaichuang Shi ,&nbsp;Tiyun Han ,&nbsp;Zhenhai Chen ,&nbsp;Shi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The swine industry experiences substantial economic losses annually due to the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The limited protective efficacy of existing commercial vaccines against epidemic PRRSV underscores the urgent need for innovative solutions. The mRNA vaccines, which elicit robust immune responses, have emerged as a promising avenue in vaccine development. In this study, two distinct mRNA vaccines were engineered: one encoding the full-length GP5 and M proteins (GP5-M), and the other encoding the full-length N protein along with epitope peptide segments of the M and E proteins (NMEpep). Our findings indicate that, compared with NMEpep, piglets immunized with the GP5-M mRNA vaccine produced specific antibodies, exhibited elevated levels of PRRSV-specific IFN-γ, and demonstrated effective activation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells as well as CD21⁺ B cells. Furthermore, the GP5-M vaccine conferred protective efficacy against HP-PRRSV challenge, evidenced by the mitigation of clinical symptoms, reduction in viral loads, and alleviation of tissue damage. In conclusion, this study presents a promising candidate vaccine for addressing epidemic PRRSV and establishes the GP5-M mRNA vaccine as a viable platform for the development of next-generation PRRSV vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 110534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}