Xiaobo Chang , Zhaopeng Li , Mengqi Wang , Kanglei Pei , Jucai Wang , Jianhe Hu , Ke Ding , Yafei Chang
{"title":"USP8 suppresses porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by positively regulating MAVS mediated Ⅰ-IFN signaling","authors":"Xiaobo Chang , Zhaopeng Li , Mengqi Wang , Kanglei Pei , Jucai Wang , Jianhe Hu , Ke Ding , Yafei Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important RNA virus that has caused huge economic losses to swine industry in the whole world. Ubiquitin specific protease 8 (USP8), a pivotal regulator of protein degradation, intricately contributes to orchestrating the delicate balance of various biological processes through its deubiquitinating activity. However, the role of USP8 in antiviral immune response to PRRSV remains elusive. In the study, by means of overexpressing USP8, we identified that USP8 suppressed the replication of PRRSV, while reducing USP8 expression using siRNA significantly led to the promotion of PRRSV replication. And USP8 facilitates the production of IFN-β and some IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) during PRRSV infection. Mechanistically, USP8 promoted mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated IFN-β signaling. Moreover, USP8 interacted with MAVS and exerted anti-PRRSV effects in a MAVS-dependent manner. This study highlights the importance of USP8 in regulating PRRSV replication, which may enhance our comprehension of its role in innate immunity and its impact on viral replication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Igor A.D. Paploski, Gabriela Kiesel, Dennis N. Makau, Nakarin Pamornchainavakul, Julia P. Baker, Mariana Kikuti, Cesar A. Corzo, Kimberly VanderWaal
{"title":"Weathering the storm: Extreme weather events and their association with PED and PRRS occurrence","authors":"Igor A.D. Paploski, Gabriela Kiesel, Dennis N. Makau, Nakarin Pamornchainavakul, Julia P. Baker, Mariana Kikuti, Cesar A. Corzo, Kimberly VanderWaal","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are viral diseases that continue to challenge the US swine industry. Despite many known risk factors, unusual circumstances associated with their occurrence continues to be poorly explained. We investigated if extreme weather events (flood, heavy rain, high wind and tornadoes, measured at a county-level) are associated with the occurrence of both diseases up to ten weeks after the occurrence of the weather event using a case control study and logistic regression modeling to control for covariates. We obtained weekly farm-level disease occurrence information from the Morrison Swine Health Monitoring Project (MSHMP) and county-level weather events occurrence information from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) storm events database. Our findings indicate that farms in counties exposed to floods had between two to three times higher odds of experiencing a PED outbreak between four to eight weeks after the event than control farms. However, we did not observe significant associations between other weather events and PED or PRRS occurrences. Even though the absolute risk these events pose to swine herds may be small, we suggest that companies should develop biosecurity protocols that consider the impact of extreme weather events in order to mitigate the risks posed to their herds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fuzhen Zhang , Hongmei Wang , Hongbin He , Peili Hou
{"title":"STAT6 promotes innate immunity against BEFV and VSV by inhibiting STUB1 and NIX-mediated MAVS degradation","authors":"Fuzhen Zhang , Hongmei Wang , Hongbin He , Peili Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6), an essential member of the STAT protein family, plays vital roles in innate immunity, however, its function in regulating innate immunity through the degradation of MAVS has not been described. In this study, we found that STAT6 suppresses the replication of both bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Further investigations revealed that STAT6 promotes the type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling pathway in the context of BEFV and VSV infection. Moreover, the knockout of STAT6 leads to the degradation of MAVS through both the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagolysosomal pathways. Mechanistically, STAT6 results in the downregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligase STIP1 homology and Ubox-containing protein 1 (STUB1), inhibits the interaction between STUB1 and MAVS, and reduces STUB1- mediated K48-linked MAVS ubiquitination, thereby inhibiting the MAVS degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, STAT6 also suppresses MAVS degradation through the autophagy receptor Bcl2 interacting protein 3 like (NIX)-mediated autophagy pathway. Taken together, our study unveils a novel mechanism by which STAT6 acts as a positive regulator of the type I IFN signaling pathway during BEFV and VSV infection, predominantly by inhibiting MAVS degradation and ultimately suppressing BEFV and VSV infection. These findings provide valuable insights into the regulation of MAVS degradation by STAT6, which may serve as a basis for the design of novel antiviral agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Su , Yanping Wang , Chengeng Xiong , Xiaoyang Wang , Chunmei Wang , Wen Zhou , Donghai Zhou , Keyu Zhang
{"title":"The modulation of proteomics and antioxidant stress is involved in the effect of nitazoxanide against Japanese encephalitis virus in vitro","authors":"Yu Su , Yanping Wang , Chengeng Xiong , Xiaoyang Wang , Chunmei Wang , Wen Zhou , Donghai Zhou , Keyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a significant circulating arbovirus flavivirus and the primary cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Previous studies have demonstrated that nitazoxanide (NTZ), an antiparasitic gastroenteritis medication classified as a thiazolide, exhibits efficacy against JEV both in <em>vitro</em> and in <em>vivo</em>. To explore the potential antiviral mechanisms, we employed Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among three groups: Blank cell group, JEV-infected cell group, and JEV-infected cells treated with NTZ. Our analysis revealed that NTZ treatment led to the upregulation of 30 DEPs and downregulation of 54 DEPs in JEV-infected cells. Enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) indicated that these DEPs are involved in various biological processes and signaling pathways, including transport, localization, response to wounding, P53 pathway activation, and fatty acid metabolism-related pathways. Moreover, we observed that the expression trend of TMX2, a protein associated with redox homeostasis, was consistent with findings from TMT-based quantitative proteomics. Further investigations into reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway demonstrated that NTZ effectively regulates the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway while suppressing oxidative stress induced by JEV infection. In conclusion, the proteomic data along with antioxidant stress results presented herein provide a foundational basis for further research into the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of NTZ against JEV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zejie Chang , Yongkun Du , Ruiqi Li , Xueke Sun , Yilan Chen , Minghui Li , Lu Fan , Siyuan Liu , Siqiao Wang , Peiyang Ding , Gaiping Zhang
{"title":"Corrigendum to “ Development and characterization of monoclonal antibody against the critical loop structure of african swine fever virus P72 protein” [Vet. Microbiol. 283 (2023) 109776]","authors":"Zejie Chang , Yongkun Du , Ruiqi Li , Xueke Sun , Yilan Chen , Minghui Li , Lu Fan , Siyuan Liu , Siqiao Wang , Peiyang Ding , Gaiping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zonghui Zeng , Di Wu , Jingyi Xiong , Jianqing Zhao , Chuan Liang , Qiong Wu , Chengli Huang , Rui Zhou , Zhen F. Fu , Ling Zhao , Ming Zhou
{"title":"A novel inactivated oral rabies vaccine with the incorporation of U-OMP19 enhances the immunogenicity by reducing viral proteins degradation and activating dendritic cells in a mouse model","authors":"Zonghui Zeng , Di Wu , Jingyi Xiong , Jianqing Zhao , Chuan Liang , Qiong Wu , Chengli Huang , Rui Zhou , Zhen F. Fu , Ling Zhao , Ming Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, dogs, especially stray dogs, and/or wild animals are the main sources of rabies transmission, and oral vaccination is the most practical way to control rabies in these animals. Safety and efficacy are two key criteria for developing oral vaccines. Concerning the efficacy of oral vaccines, degradation of immunogens by gastrointestinal fluid is a major challenge, resulting in suboptimal immune responses after vaccination. For safety reasons, inactivated vaccines are the most optimal choice. In the present study, a recombinant rabies virus (RABV) with un-lipidated outer membrane protein 19 (U-OMP19) of <em>Brucella spp</em> incorporated into RABV virions, designated as LBNSE-OMP19-G, was constructed and rescued. We found that U-OMP19 was incorporated into LBNSE-OMP19-G virion, which could protect RABV G protein from digestion by gastrointestinal fluids in vitro. Moreover, the immunogenicity of LBNSE-OMP19-G as an inactivated oral vaccine was evaluated, and the inactivated LBNSE-OMP19-G could activate more dendritic cells (DCs) and promote the generation of follicular helper T (T<sub>FH</sub>) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells in immunized mice compared with those in mice immunized with parent virus LNBSE, which consequently induced a higher level of virus neutralizing antibody and provided better protection after a lethal challenge of rabies. These data indicate that LBNSE-OMP19-G, which has good safety and immunogenicity, could be a potential inactivated oral rabies vaccine candidate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Kikuti , Claudio Marcello Melini , Xiaomei Yue , Igor A.D. Paploski , Nakarin Pamornchainavakul , Julia P. Baker , Dennis N. Makau , Kimberly VanderWaal , Amy Maschhoff , Kayla Henness , Donna Drebes , Cesar A. Corzo
{"title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variant emergence: Example and considerations for prospective monitoring","authors":"Mariana Kikuti , Claudio Marcello Melini , Xiaomei Yue , Igor A.D. Paploski , Nakarin Pamornchainavakul , Julia P. Baker , Dennis N. Makau , Kimberly VanderWaal , Amy Maschhoff , Kayla Henness , Donna Drebes , Cesar A. Corzo","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New PRRSV variants are constantly emerging due to the rapid evolution of this virus. We aimed to describe the emergence of a new PRRSV variant within sub-lineage 1 C, its space-time distribution, and its impact on affected herds. Additionally, we discuss considerations on how to monitor emerging PRRSV variants. This newly emerging variant was first detected in June 2022 on a sow herd undergoing a mild PRRS outbreak. Cases were defined by ORF5 nucleotide identity of ≥98 % between samples using the first detected case as a seed. A total of 382 case sequences were identified in sixteen production systems. Although most sequences originated from breeding sites (58.4 %) compared to grow-finishing sites (33.3 %), they corresponded to 118 individual sites (73 grow-finishing, 37 breeding, and 8 with no farm type information). Two spatial-temporal clusters in the Midwest were detected, but only when system was not accounted for. 63.6 % (21/33) of breeding herds reached stability in a median of 87 weeks (57 weeks in herds in which only the studied variant was detected, and 91 weeks when multiple PRRSV variants were involved). The average mortality in growing pig sites affected by this variant was not statistically different from the one found in L1C1–4–4 variant-affected sites. Altogether, these results pinpoint this as a variant of interest for continued surveillance due to increased time to stability than previously reported in the literature. Prospective monitoring of emerging variants should acknowledge the complex relationship between data limitations and multi-variant outbreaks, amongst other factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding the E2 glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 fused to mouse lysosome-associated membrane protein 1","authors":"Yusuke Sakai , Shinji Yamada , Maho Inoue , Toshinori Shiga , Kotomi Konagayoshi , Kei Kasai , Atsushi Kimura , Kenji Murakami","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The E2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a known protective antigen and a major target for DNA vaccines. DNA vaccines have various advantages; however, their immunogenicity needs to be enhanced by using adjuvants or drug delivery systems. In this study, we used mouse lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (mLAMP1) as a molecular adjuvant and developed a DNA vaccine encoding an mLAMP1-BVDV E2 chimeric protein (pVax-mLAMP1-E2). We constructed DNA plasmids in which the <em>E2</em> gene was inserted within the hinge region (H) or membrane proximal domain (D) of the <em>mLAMP1</em> gene. Transfection of these plasmids into cultured cells led to high expression of E2 antigen from pVax-mLAMP1-E2 (H). Intradermal immunization of mice with pVax-mLAMP1-E2 (H) induced sufficient neutralizing antibodies and splenocytes with E2 antigen-specific IFN-γ production compared with pVax-mLAMP1-E2 (D). However, the immunogenicity of pVax mLAMP1-E2 (H) in mice did not differ from that of a control plasmid without the LAMP1 molecule (pVax-E2). In cattle, geometric mean serum neutralizing antibody titers after intradermal or intramuscular injection tended to be higher with pVax-mLAMP1-E2 (H) than with pVax that expressed E2 without mLAMP1. In addition, E2 antigen-specific IFN-γ production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle immunized intradermally with pVax-mLAMP1-E2 (H) was not significantly different from that of pVax-E2. These results suggest that mLAMP1 fusion antigens effectively induce humoral and cellular immunity in mice and cattle, especially when the antigen is inserted in the hinge region of mLAMP1. The LAMP1-E2 fusion antigen may be a useful candidate for a BVDV DNA vaccine in cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}