Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Pasteurella multocida toxin induces apoptosis of respiratory epithelial cells by activating the PERK–NF-κB-DR5 signaling axis","authors":"Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Yuhao Lei ,&nbsp;Menghan Chen ,&nbsp;Haixin Bi ,&nbsp;Yayuan Luo ,&nbsp;Fangfang Bai ,&nbsp;Lin Hua ,&nbsp;Huanchun Chen ,&nbsp;Qigai He ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Zhong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pasteurella multocida</em> toxin (PMT) is a key virulence factor produced by some strains of the zoonotic respiratory pathogen <em>Pasteurella multocida</em> (<em>P. multocida</em>). The role of PMT in inducing damage and apoptosis in respiratory epithelial cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism through which PMT induces apoptosis in porcine tracheal epithelial cells (NPTr). It was found that high concentrations of PMT specifically induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, an effect absent in its mutant form. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that PMT activated the NF-κB signaling pathway via the PERK pathway associated with Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, significantly upregulating the expression of the death receptor 5 (DR5) which subsequently activated caspase-3, triggering apoptosis. Crucial validation experiments showed that knocking out the DR5-encoding gene <em>TNFRSF10B</em> nearly completely inhibited PMT-induced apoptosis and significantly restored cell viability. In summary, this study identifies the PERK–NF-κB–DR5 signaling axis as the principal regulatory pathway for PMT-induced apoptosis in porcine tracheal epithelial cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 110921"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and diversity of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from slaughtered tuberculin-positive bovine samples: Epidemiological and Diagnostic implications","authors":"Natalia Jiménez-Pizarro ,&nbsp;David Risco ,&nbsp;Felipe Molina ,&nbsp;Remigio Martínez ,&nbsp;Alfredo García ,&nbsp;José Manuel Benítez-Medina ,&nbsp;Javier Hermoso-de-Mendoza","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is common in cattle positive for tuberculosis (TB) in official diagnostic tests, whereas data on specific NTM species in Spanish cattle remain limited. This study identifies the most frequently isolated NTM species from Single Intradermal Tuberculin Test (SITT)-positive cattle in Extremadura, western Spain. Among 1669 <em>Mycobacterium</em> Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) positive cultures collected in 2018, 493 (29.54 %) were identified as NTM, and 194 were randomly selected for further analysis. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-restriction analysis of the <em>hsp65</em> gene and partial sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) confirmed a diverse range of species. The most prevalent complex was <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> (40.12 %), including <em>M</em>. <em>senriense</em>, <em>M</em>. <em>intracellulare</em>, and <em>M. avium</em> subsp. <em>paratuberculosis</em>. Other notable NTM species (23.35 %) included <em>M. bourgelatii, M. kansasii, M. gordonae, and M. shinjukuense</em>. Less frequent complexes included <em>M</em>. <em>simiae</em> (11.38 %), <em>M. ulcerans</em> (3.59 %), <em>M. parafortuitum</em> (2.99 %), and <em>M. terrae</em> (1.20 %), along with <em>M. holsaticum</em> (1.20 %), a species related to the <em>M. tuberculosis complex</em>. Phylogenetic analysis and geographic mapping revealed weak correlation between genetic and geographic distances (Mantel test: R_xy = 0.015, <em>P</em> = 0.253), suggesting limited spatial structuration of genetic diversity. Alpha diversity metrics indicated moderate diversity (Shannon’s H = 2.641, Simpson’s D = 0.106), with some zones exhibiting greater species evenness. Diversity analyses showed moderate dissimilarity among clusters. These findings enhance understanding of <em>Mycobacterium</em> diversity and distribution while emphasizing the diagnostic challenges posed by NTM in TB detection and the importance of molecular tools in species identification and epidemiological surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 110909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the pro-inflammatory role of a secreted protein MbovP537 from Mycoplasma bovis: Potential as a diagnostic marker","authors":"Abdul Karim Khalid ,&nbsp;Doukun Lu ,&nbsp;Gang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Ye Zhi ,&nbsp;Tahira Iftakhar ,&nbsp;Aizhen Guo ,&nbsp;Yingyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma bovis</em> causes significant economic losses in cattle production, yet its pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we characterize MbovP537 as a novel virulence factor and diagnostic marker for <em>M. bovis</em>. Bioinformatic analysis confirmed its identity as a secreted aromatic cluster surface protein (296 aa) with high antigenicity (VaxiJen score: 1.45). Recombinant MbovP537 (rMbovP537) exhibited strong immunogenicity in indirect ELISA, demonstrating 93.3 % sensitivity and 96.7 % specificity (AUC = 0.95) in detecting natural infections in cattle. Functional analysis revealed that deletion of MbovP537 abolished bacterial adhesion (5.6-fold reduction vs. wild-type, P &lt; 0.001) without affecting growth, while attenuating proinflammatory responses (P &lt; 0.001) in BoMac cells. Complementation partially restored both adhesion and inflammation. Crucially, endotoxin-free rMbovP537 directly triggered dose-dependent upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 (P &lt; 0.001 at 10 μg/mL), In contrast, the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were not significantly affected. These results indicated that MbovP537 may be essential for host colonization and immunopathology, while its diagnostic performance supports its potential applications in serological testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis of a porcine exudative epidermitis outbreak caused by Staphylococcus hyicus","authors":"Alec Truswell ,&nbsp;David Jordan ,&nbsp;Stanley Pang ,&nbsp;Tanya Cherrington ,&nbsp;David J. Hampson ,&nbsp;John Blinco ,&nbsp;Sandy Adsett ,&nbsp;Rebecca Abraham ,&nbsp;Marc Stegger ,&nbsp;Sam Abraham","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exudative epidermitis (EE) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in piglets. This study investigated the microbial ecology, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and genomic diversity of <em>Staphylococcus hyicus</em> associated with an EE outbreak in an Australian piggery.</div><div>Lesion swabs from 20 affected piglets yielded 160 bacterial isolates (including <em>S. hyicus</em> and cohabiting species). Isolates underwent species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of <em>S. hyicus</em> for AMR/virulence gene profiling and core-genome SNP analysis to assess genomic relatedness.</div><div><em>S. hyicus</em> predominated among lesion isolates. Phenotypic testing showed varied AMR, with frequent resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline. WGS of 27 <em>S. hyicus</em> isolates identified five distinct genotypic AMR profiles, including combinations spanning multiple drug classes. All <em>S. hyicus</em> carried the exfoliative toxin gene <em>shetA</em>, and 24 also carried <em>exhD</em>.</div><div>Core-genome analysis indicated a highly clonal outbreak: 24/27 genomes differed by 0 core SNPs, with the remaining three closely related. Despite this clonality, resistance gene carriage varied across isolates. Consequently, reliance on a single colony to represent an outbreak could understate resistance and overstate treatability.</div><div>These findings support routine multi-isolate sampling to capture within-clone AMR variability, bolster antimicrobial selection during EE management, and inform consideration of autogenous vaccines targeting dominant outbreak clones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A replication-defective bivalent adenovirus-vectored vaccine provides robust and durable protection against both canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus","authors":"Ying Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Han ,&nbsp;Shuo Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yifan Peng ,&nbsp;Chengguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming Zhou ,&nbsp;Ling Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) are highly contagious and often fatal pathogens in dogs. Current live-attenuated vaccines, while effective, carry the risk of virulence reversion. This study aimed to develop a safer, replication-defective bivalent vaccine using an adenovirus vector to simultaneously protect against both CDV and CPV. The recombinant vaccine, designated Ad5-(VP2 +H), was engineered to coexpress the CDV hemagglutinin (H) protein (CDV-H) and the CPV Viral Protein 2 (CPV-VP2). Its immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated in mouse and canine models. The results demonstrated that Ad5-(VP2 +H) elicited a potent and durable antigen-specific immune response. Furthermore, compared with a commercially available live attenuated vaccine, the Ad5-(VP2 +H) candidate exhibited a superior safety profile. In conclusion, the adenovirus-vectored Ad5-(VP2 +H) vaccine is a promising and safer alternative for the simultaneous prevention of CDV and CPV in dogs. This approach addresses the key limitation of traditional live-attenuated vaccines by eliminating the risk of virulence reversion while providing effective immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of a live-attenuated novel duck reovirus vaccine strain E232-P100 conferring complete protection in ducklings","authors":"Siying Fang,&nbsp;Chenchen Xu,&nbsp;Jiabin Zhang,&nbsp;Haiyang Yin,&nbsp;Wenjian Liu,&nbsp;Biao Xu,&nbsp;Jiajia Li,&nbsp;Phoo Eikari Kyaw,&nbsp;Shuhui Liu,&nbsp;Suquan Song,&nbsp;Liping Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Novel duck reovirus (NDRV) is a major pathogen that causes immunosuppression and secondary infections in ducklings, resulting in elevated mortality and severe economic losses to the global duck industry. However, there is currently no licensed vaccine available in China for the effective prevention and control of NDRV infections. To effectively control NDRV outbreaks, we developed a live-attenuated vaccine candidate against NDRV by serially passaging the NDRV E232 strain in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos and DF-1 cells. The resulting E232-P100 strain replicated efficiently in DF-1 cells, with viral titers reaching up to 10^7.0 TCID₅₀/0.2 mL. No clinical symptoms or pathological lesions were observed in two-day-old Cherry Valley ducklings inoculated with E232-P100, and no virulence reversion was observed after five rounds of in vivo back-passage in ducklings. The minimum protective dose of the attenuated E232-P100 strain was 10^3.0 TCID₅₀/0.2 mL. Evaluation of the onset of immune protection showed that complete protection was achieved by 5 days post-vaccination. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 18 amino acid substitutions between E232-P100 and the parental E232 strain, including three within the σC protein that are potentially associated with attenuation. Collectively, the E232-P100 strain represents a safe, stable, and highly protective live attenuated vaccine candidate for the prevention of NDRV infection, providing a promising foundation for the development of effective prevention strategies against NDRV epidemics in waterfowl populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotavirus C genotypes in pigs – On their occurrence and distribution in Europe","authors":"Belinda Euring ,&nbsp;Kristin Heenemann ,&nbsp;Michael Sieg ,&nbsp;Antje Rückner ,&nbsp;Daniel Piehler ,&nbsp;Bernd-Andreas Schwarz ,&nbsp;Angelika Auer ,&nbsp;Rene Renzhammer ,&nbsp;Jan Böhmer ,&nbsp;Kevin Meerbeek ,&nbsp;Thomas W. Vahlenkamp ,&nbsp;Maxi Harzer","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotavirus C (RVC) is an enteric pathogen frequently found in pig holdings. It is known to cause mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms especially in suckling and weaned piglets. As most of RVC strains cannot be propagated in cell culture, serological surveys and the development of autologous vaccines are hampered. In order to gain better insight into their diversity, genetic studies are therefore particularly useful for identifying RVC genotypes. In this study, the distribution of circulating RVC genotypes (G-types and P-types) was analysed in six countries in Central Europe. Our investigations revealed the occurrence of ten different G-types, 16 different P-types and 24 different G-P-combinations. The largest number of different genotypes was found in the regions with the highest pig densities. Overall, two clearly dominant genotypes both in the comparison of countries and federal states were identified: G6 and P21. Genotype P21 has so far only been detected in Europe. Focusing on coinfections, this study revealed the lowest coinfection rates within the most frequently detected two genotypes (G6 and P21). Overall, the study provides a unique dataset that raises further questions regarding the underlying reasons for the distribution of specific RVC strains and the notably low coinfection rates observed within certain genotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal vaccination with gB adjuvanted by poly(I:C) induces complete protection against pseudorabies virus in swine","authors":"Shubin Li ,&nbsp;Yuye Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingyu Gao ,&nbsp;Jiachen Liu ,&nbsp;Yifei Zhu ,&nbsp;Yulu Bao ,&nbsp;Yun Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an important swine pathogen causing severe economic losses worldwide. Nasal mucosa serves as the initial entry site for PRV, highlighting the importance of nasal mucosal immunity in limiting infection. Here, we investigated the immune responses and protection against PRV for the intranasal vaccination of glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine adjuvanted with poly(I:C). In piglets, immunohistochemistry showed rapid uptake of the gB by the nasal mucosa within 2 h, supporting subsequent immune activation. Upon challenge with the PRV variant ZJ01, intranasal gB vaccination provided complete clinical protection with the absence of clinical signs, substantially reduced virus load in tissues and viral shedding, and no pathological lesions. Relative to intramuscular gB or the live attenuated Bartha-K61 vaccination, intranasal gB vaccination elicited stronger mucosal antibody responses and greater infiltration of CD3⁺ T cells, CD19⁺ B cells, and IgA-secreting cells in the nasal cavity. Notably, intranasal immunization followed by challenge promoted the formation of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) in the turbinate, providing a local niche for adaptive immune responses. Consistent with histological observation, transcriptomic profiling of nasal mucosa revealed activation of the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways, which are implicated in the formation and maintenance of TLS. These findings demonstrate that intranasal gB vaccination might represent a promising mucosal vaccination strategy for controlling PRV infection in swine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110935"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome analysis of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from turkeys in Poland: Insights into global diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance","authors":"Marek Blanda ,&nbsp;Olimpia Kursa ,&nbsp;Joanna Kowalczyk ,&nbsp;Marcin Śmiałek","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</em> (ORT) is an emerging avian respiratory pathogen of global concern, causing significant economic losses, particularly in turkeys. Although its distribution is worldwide, genomic data from different geographic regions remain scarce, limiting understanding of its genetic diversity, virulence-associated features, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 49 <em>O. rhinotracheale</em> isolates recovered from respiratory tract and joint lesions during outbreaks of ornithobacteriosis in turkeys in Poland to characterize sequence types and explore the genomic diversity and the distribution of virulence- and resistance-associated genes. Comparative multilocus sequence typing revealed high genetic heterogeneity, including three novel sequence types (ST46, ST50, ST51), highlighting ongoing local diversification within a globally distributed pathogen. Whole-genome core single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–based phylogenetic analysis further resolved genetic relationships among isolates and identified major genomic clusters. Genomic profiling identified several virulence-associated genes and insertion sequences, including IS4351 and ISMlu9. Distinct resistance gene patterns observed between major STs (ST3, ST46) were observed. These findings provide new insights into the genomic diversity of <em>O. rhinotracheale</em> populations and contribute to a broader understanding of its epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in poultry worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rotavirus induces mucosal B-cell responses through the TLR3/TRIF and MAVS pathways","authors":"Rong-Rong Zhang,&nbsp;Yong-Yi Yang,&nbsp;Man Wang,&nbsp;Wen-Ru Yang,&nbsp;Riaz Muhammad Azeem,&nbsp;Fu-Xuan Niu,&nbsp;Ya-Xin Yang,&nbsp;Man-Jie Hu,&nbsp;Chun-Wei Shi,&nbsp;Gui-Lian Yang,&nbsp;Hai-Bin Huang,&nbsp;Jian-Zhong Wang,&nbsp;Yan-Long Jiang,&nbsp;Xin Cao,&nbsp;Nan Wang,&nbsp;Yan Zeng,&nbsp;Wen-Tao Yang,&nbsp;Chun-Feng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.110910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotavirus (RV) infection is a zoonotic disease that causes severe diarrhea in young mammals and humans and is spreading globally. The TLR3/TRIF and RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathways are activated upon recognition of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and play crucial roles in the host antiviral response during RV infection. However, the mechanism by which RV induces B-cell immune responses through TLR3 and RIG-I signaling remains unclear. Here, T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing results revealed that TRIF gene deletion affects the frequency of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) clones recognizing antigen peptides presented by MHC-II on B cells and the utilization of V and J genes in mouse CD4⁺ T cells. Specifically, a reduced frequency of germinal center (GC)-activated B cells was observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of TLR3^-/-, TRIF^-/-, and MAVS^-/- mice. Similarly, the levels of antibodies secreted by B cells in serum and CD138⁺IgA⁺ cells in the small intestine decreased. The simultaneous absence of the TLR3 and MAVS genes weakened the proliferative capacity of B cells. This study elucidates the mechanism by which RV regulates B-cell immunity through the TLR3/TRIF and MAVS signaling pathways, providing theoretical basis for novel vaccine development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 110910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146100657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}