Veterinary microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Mycoplasma bovis activates apoptotic caspases to suppress xenophagy for its intracellular survival","authors":"Yinjuan Song ,&nbsp;Li Tang ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Jian Xu ,&nbsp;Zhengyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Ma ,&nbsp;Yi Liao ,&nbsp;Yuefeng Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mammalian caspases are categorized into apoptotic and inflammatory types. Apoptotic caspases mediate apoptosis activation, while inflammatory caspases participate in inflammasome activation. Previous studies have shown that apoptotic caspases regulate autophagy in both cancer and pharmacological treatment models. However, the relationship between apoptotic caspases and xenophagy during pathogen infection remains elusive. In the current study, we used <em>Mycoplasma bovis</em> (<em>M. bovis</em>) as a model pathogen investigating the relationship between apoptotic caspases and xenophagy during infection. We found that <em>M. bovis</em> activated apoptotic caspases by triggering mitochondrial damage in macrophages, and the intracellular survival of <em>M. bovis</em> was enhanced by the activation of apoptotic caspases and restricted by the inhibition of apoptotic caspases. Moreover, confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis revealed that the activation of apoptotic caspases impedes host xenophagy by cleaving autophagy-related protein Beclin 1. Our findings indicate that <em>M. bovis</em> utilizes host apoptotic caspases to suppress xenophagy, thereby enhancing its intracellular survival. This research contributes to understanding the interplay between apoptotic caspases and xenophagy during pathogen infection, offering novel insights into the intracellular survival mechanisms of mycoplasma in macrophages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into qnrVC1 gene located on an IncP6 plasmid carried by multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical asinine isolates","authors":"Yufei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yiping Zhu ,&nbsp;Weishuai Zhai ,&nbsp;Luo Yang ,&nbsp;Cong Peng ,&nbsp;Junpeng Mi ,&nbsp;Rongzheng Wu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Xie ,&nbsp;Dejun Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (<em>P. aeruginosa</em>) is an opportunistic pathogen, causing significant global health threat due to its antimicrobial resistance. Among equines, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> can cause infections, particularly in the reproductive tract, leading to reproductive failure. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <em>P. aeruginosa</em> has been a major concern in animal husbandry, including the donkey industry. The study aims to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strains isolated from donkeys with endometritis farmed in a large intensive unit in Hebei Province, China. Genes coding for multiple antimicrobial resistances were predicted by whole genomic sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that all strains belonged to the same sequence type (ST1058). An IncP6 plasmid encoding the <em>qnrVC1</em> gene, associated with quinolone resistance, was identified. Comparative genomic analysis illustrated the characteristics of the strains and genetic context of <em>qnrVC1</em>. This study is the first to report that these MDR <em>P. aeruginosa</em> asinine strains exhibited high levels of antimicrobial and metal resistance conferred by a <em>qnrVC1</em>-carrying plasmid. Additionally, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strains with integrated mega-plasmids were identified. From a One Health perspective, the study underlined the significance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance genes in food animals, including donkeys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new subtype of serovar 6, K6b:O3, of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on genotypic analysis","authors":"Ho To ,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Tsutsumi ,&nbsp;Michiha Kon ,&nbsp;Nayu Kawashima ,&nbsp;Fumiko Koike ,&nbsp;Sonia Lacouture ,&nbsp;Marcelo Gottschalk ,&nbsp;Joachim Frey ,&nbsp;Shinya Nagai","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have analyzed the capsule (CPS) and the lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen (O-Ag) biosynthesis loci of fifteen field isolates of <em>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</em>, including eleven North American and four Japanese ones, reactive to antisera against serovars 3, 6, 8 and/or 15. Ten North American isolates amplified a serovar 6-indicative fragment derived from the capsular loci, whereas one North American isolate and all four Japanese isolates amplified the serovar 6-indicative fragment as well as the serovar 3-indicative fragment. The five isolates producing a 3/6 banding pattern contain a type I CPS locus, named K6b, similar to serovar 6, but with differences in the <em>cpxABCD</em> and <em>cpsABC</em> gene sequences and the length of intergenic regions (<em>modF</em>-<em>cpxA</em>, and <em>cpsC</em>-<em>cpsD</em>). The main difference found between the K6 and K6b <em>cps</em> genes is a loss of function of a 113 AA UDP-glycosyltransferase found in type 6b due to the amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal domain of Cps6bA. Additionally, the isolates harbor a LPS O-Ag locus highly identical to those of field and reference strains of serovars 3, 8, 15, 17 and 19 but different from that of serovar 6. Taken together, our results indicate the existence of a subtype of <em>A. pleuropneumoniae</em>, serovar 6, that we called “K6b:O3′′, and we propose isolate EH1248 as the reference strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoplasma synoviae surface-located elongation factor G functions as a cytoadhesin to promote adhesion to synovial sheath cells through binding to vimentin","authors":"Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Sun ,&nbsp;Shu Wang ,&nbsp;Weiping Yao ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Yuan ,&nbsp;Sunting Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Wang ,&nbsp;Lixin Lyu ,&nbsp;Yanfei Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoqing Shao ,&nbsp;Wei Ouyang ,&nbsp;Qiyan Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhixin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mycoplasma synoviae</em> infection has caused serious economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The molecular mechanism by which <em>M. synoviae</em> colonizes the synovium and induces synovitis is unclear. In this study, desthiobiotin pull-down and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses were used to screen <em>M. synoviae</em> membrane proteins that bind the membrane proteins of synovial sheath cells (SSCs). Among the 128 screened proteins, elongation factor G (EF-G) of <em>M. synoviae</em> was identified as a surface-located protein using colony blotting and dual fluorescence analyses. The immunogenicity of EF-G was confirmed by the preparation of a rabbit polyclonal antibody. EF-G was identified as a cytoadhesin that directly binds to SSCs using indirect immunofluorescence assay and ELISA plate binding assay. In addition, antibody adhesion inhibition and protein adhesion inhibition demonstrated that EF-G could significantly promote the adhesion of <em>M. synoviae</em> to SSCs. Co-IP, GST pull-down, bacterial two-hybridization, and ELISA plate binding assays were performed to demonstrate the binding of EF-G and vimentin <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Antibody adhesion inhibition, protein adhesion inhibition, and siRNA interference adhesion inhibition assays demonstrated that vimentin significantly affected <em>M. synoviae</em> adhesion to SSCs. These studies indicate that two interacting proteins, EF-G, a novel cytoadhesin, and vimentin, an important cell surface receptor, play important roles in the adhesion of <em>M. synoviae</em> to SSCs, laying a foundation for subsequent studies on the mechanism of <em>M. synoviae</em>-induced synovitis and providing meaningful targets for screening target drugs against <em>M. synoviae</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral role of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase in inhibiting porcine circovirus 3 replication","authors":"Baoge Zhang,&nbsp;Lumen Chao,&nbsp;Zhendong Wang,&nbsp;Hao Yu,&nbsp;Yufeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) has significant antiviral effects through the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). In this study, we investigated the effects of CH25H, its catalytic product 25HC, and its catalytic mutant lacking hydroxylase activity (CH25H-M) on porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) replication. By transfecting PCV3 persistently infected PK-15 cells with the pCAGGS-CH25H-Flag plasmid, the results demonstrated that overexpression of CH25H significantly inhibited PCV3 Cap protein expression, Cap mRNA levels, and viral titers in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, its catalytic product 25HC inhibited PCV3 replication in PK-15 cells at concentrations below 10 µM without affecting cell viability. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous CH25H using small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced PCV3 replication, further confirming its antiviral role. Interestingly, the CH25H-M mutant also exhibited inhibitory effects on PCV3 replication, although the inhibition was much less effective compared with CH25H. In conclusion, CH25H plays a critical role in regulating PCV3 replication, and its antiviral effect is not entirely dependent on its enzymatic activity. These findings provide new insights into both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antiviral mechanisms of CH25H and revealed some mechanistic immune evasion for PCV3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-emergence of Bagaza virus in wild birds from southern Spain","authors":"Moisés Gonzálvez ,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza ,&nbsp;Úrsula Höfle ,&nbsp;Félix Gómez-Guillamón ,&nbsp;Cristina Cano-Gómez ,&nbsp;Irene Zorrilla ,&nbsp;Montserrat Agüero ,&nbsp;Remigio Martínez ,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bagaza virus (BAGV; <em>Orthoflavivirus bagazaense</em>) is an emerging vector-borne flavivirus affecting avian species with severe implications for animal health, and whose zoonotic potential has also been suggested. The aim of the present study was to monitor the epidemic outbreak of BAGV in wild birds from Spain in 2021. BAGV cases were confirmed in game bird species, including red-legged partridges (<em>Alectoris rufa</em>) and common pheasants (<em>Phasianus colchicus</em>) from 24 hunting areas. Suspected cases (clinical signs and/or mortality compatible with BAGV infection but without molecular confirmation) were also detected in 11 additional hunting areas. The outbreaks showed a seasonality mainly restricted to July and August. Estimated morbidity [25.8 % (95 %CI: 11.3–40.3) in partridges and 8.7 % (95 %CI: 0.0–18.0) in pheasants] and mortality rates [27.3 % (95 %CI: 12.5–42.1) in partridges and 13.0 % (95 %CI: 1.9–24.1) in pheasants] were found in the affected hunting areas. In addition, 215 non-game birds belonging to 46 different species were sampled by passive surveillance upon admittance to rehabilitation centres during 2021. BAGV infection was detected for the first time in green woodpecker (<em>Picus viridis</em>), spoonbill (<em>Platalea leucorodia</em>), white stork (<em>Ciconia ciconia</em>) and cynereous vulture (<em>Aegypius monachus</em>), expanding the host range of this emerging pathogen. In contrast to other species, game birds showed distinct BAGV related lesions, primarily myocarditis and encephalitis in addition to inflammatory infiltrates and necrosis in the liver and kidney. Molecular analyses revealed a homology of 97.4–98.0 % and 92.5–92.7 % between the BAGV sequences obtained in the present study (492 bp) and those isolated in 2010 and 2019 in southern Spain, respectively. These results allow to hypothesise about the likely silent and endemic circulation of BAGV since 2010 in this European region, although repeated virus reintroduction from neighbouring territories cannot be ruled out. Our findings evidence the sanitary, ecological and conservation implications of the re-emerged BAGV for wild birds, also emphasising the need to increase surveillance for monitoring and early detection of flavivirus dynamics in high-risk areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant avian-derived antiviral proteins cIFITM1, cIFITM3, and cViperin as effective adjuvants in inactivated H9N2 subtype avian influenza vaccines","authors":"Shihong Yan ,&nbsp;Yikai Chen ,&nbsp;Jin Lin ,&nbsp;Huimin Chen ,&nbsp;Chenqi Hu ,&nbsp;Hongyang Liu ,&nbsp;Hongxiu Diao ,&nbsp;Shasha Liu ,&nbsp;Ji-Long Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccine adjuvants, serving as non-specific immune enhancers, play a pivotal role in the immunoprevention and control of animal diseases. This study utilized prokaryotic expression systems to express and purify chicken-derived cIFITM1, cIFITM3, and cViperin, which were then formulated as adjuvants with H9N2 avian influenza virus antigens to create inactivated vaccines. These vaccines were administered to SPF chickens to investigate their immunopotentiating functions. Additionally, the proteins were assessed for their ability to act as standalone immune enhancers. The results demonstrated that cIFITM1, cIFITM3, and cViperin significantly elevated serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers. Notably, when used individually, these proteins markedly enhanced the antiviral capabilities of challenged chickens, leading to alleviated clinical symptoms, reduced tracheal virus replication, diminished virus shedding, and lessened histopathological damage, with cIFITM1 exhibiting the most pronounced effect. Furthermore, the protective efficacy of two H9N2 recombinant virus inactivated vaccines supplemented with cIFITM1 adjuvant was validated, achieving a 100 % vaccine protection efficiency. In conclusion, cIFITM1, cIFITM3, and cViperin as adjuvants for influenza vaccines effectively inhibit virus replication and shedding, highlighting their significant potential in influenza prevention and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium botulinum group III field strains isolated in Europe from animal outbreaks","authors":"Benedetta Cordioli ,&nbsp;Alessia Rizzardi ,&nbsp;Angela Guolo ,&nbsp;Tiziana Ferro ,&nbsp;Cosetta Bacchin ,&nbsp;Manuel Garbuio ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Anniballi ,&nbsp;Paola De Santis ,&nbsp;Miriam Koene ,&nbsp;Caroline Le Maréchal ,&nbsp;Hanna Skarin ,&nbsp;Christian Seyboldt ,&nbsp;Luca Bano","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurotoxins produced by <em>Clostridium (C.) botulinum</em> group III are responsible for the majority of botulism outbreaks occurring in animals and in this study we report the drug susceptibility of 71 field strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 13 antimicrobials was established through the agar dilution method. The MIC₅₀ matched or differed for one or two dilutions from MIC₉₀ of the same antimicrobial, showing a unimodal distribution of the MIC values, irrespective of the geographical origin, the animal source and the toxinotype of the strain. Beta-lactams and rifampin showed the lowest MIC values, while gentamicin, polymyxin B and sulfamethoxazole showed the highest MICs. As for similar studies conducted in human botulism, the results could be helpful to avoid the administration of antimicrobials that could worsen the health condition of the affected animals and to develop selective media for the isolation of these fastidious anaerobes. Indeed, the isolation of the strain from affected animals and from environmental samples is important to perform epidemiological studies based on the genetic characterization and to produce tailor-made vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission of carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales producing NDM-5 during the broiler breeding process in China","authors":"Ke Wu ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Lin ,&nbsp;Cui Li ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Ruichao Li ,&nbsp;Yizhi Tang ,&nbsp;Changwei Lei ,&nbsp;Hongning Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducted a four-month monitoring of carbapenem resistance in a broiler breeding farm in China. A total of 185 carbapenem-resistant bacterial isolates were obtained from 2298 cloacal swabs from broiler breeders and their offspring within a production cycle. The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant isolates was higher during the brooding period. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 133 isolates based on sampling stages, including 113 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) isolates and 20 <em>Stenotrophomonas pavanii</em> isolates, which have intrinsic resistance to carbapenems. A total of 69 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including <em>bla</em>_NDM-1, <em>mcr-1</em>, and <em>bla</em>_NDM-5, were identified among the sequenced CRE isolates. Notably, <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 (92.0 %, 104/113) was the primary contributor to carbapenem resistance. CRE isolates from the same breeding stage exhibited close genomic relationships, and the <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 genes were observed in similar genetic backgrounds, indicating the transmission of CRE strains and <em>bla</em>_NDM-5 during the broiler breeding process. No CRE was isolated from 0 d broiler offspring, suggesting that broiler breeders were not the direct source of CRE in their offspring. Tracing the feeding process revealed that brooder and rearing houses were likely key factors in the cross-transmission of CRE between broiler breeders and their offspring. CRE pose a significant threat to public health and food safety. China is one of the world's leading poultry producing and consuming countries. This study provided insights into the epidemiological trends and key transmission nodes of carbapenem resistance and CRE within the broiler breeding process, which could help the control of antibiotic resistance and bacterial infections in the broiler industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological investigation of equine rotavirus B outbreaks in horses in central Kentucky","authors":"Chithra C. Sreenivasan ,&nbsp;Ahsan Naveed ,&nbsp;Tirth Uprety,&nbsp;Shalini Soni,&nbsp;Olivia Jacob,&nbsp;Emma Adam,&nbsp;Dan Wang,&nbsp;Feng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using metagenomic sequencing we identified equine rotavirus group B (ERVB) of ruminant origin in foal diarrhea outbreaks in the 2021 foaling season. To further investigate ERVB occurrence and determine its environmental stability, we collected mare and foal fecal samples from different farms in Central Kentucky during the 2022 foaling season. The RT-qPCR-based analyses showed that ERVB genome was detected in 16.67 % (42/252) of surveyed mare samples and 26.56 % (34/128) of foal samples. Furthermore, 94.12 % (16/17) of collected soil samples and 100 % (13/13) of water samples obtained from the ERVB-positive farm premises also tested weakly positive. In addition, ERVB genome fragments were detected in 58.33 % (7/12) of indoor samples collected from the equipment/barn/hospital wards during the outbreak period. Finally, the seroprevalence study showed 87 % (113/130) of surveyed horse serum samples were positive for ERVB antibodies. Despite unsuccessful attempts in ERVB cultivation, phylogenetic analyses showed that fecal ERVB strains representing 2022 and 2023 foal diarrhea outbreaks, like 2021 strains, were more closely related to ruminant rotavirus B than other viruses. Further sequence analyses revealed that none of the three viral capsid proteins, the primary targets of virus-neutralizing antibodies, exhibited notable mutations among ERVB strains circulated over the past three years. Our data demonstrated that ERVB was widespread in horses on affected farms with extreme stability in the farm environment. These findings continue to support the need for future surveillance of ERVB in horses and the surrounding environment, and the development of effective countermeasures to protect horses against this new viral disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23551,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary microbiology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142508968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}